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The Vertical Distribution of the Ant Fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Samanlı Mountains, Turkey

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The Vertical Distribution of the Ant Fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Samanlı Mountains, Turkey © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Linzer biol. Beitr. 38/2 1105-1122 29.12.2006 The Vertical Distribution of the Ant Fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Samanlı Mountains, Turkey K. KIRAN & N. AKTAÇ A b s t r a c t : In this study, ant fauna of the Samanlı Mountains has been investigated vertically between 100-1600m. Materials were collected from 58 localities and 20 different habitats between 1996-2004 years. 28 genera and 81 species belonging to 4 subfamilies (Ponerinae, Myrmicinae, Dolichoderinae, Formicinae) were determined. Three of these species (Strongylognthus huberi, Lasius platythorax, Lasius psammophilus) are new record for Turkey. K e y w o r d s : ants, vertical distribution, Samanlı Mountains, Turkey. Introduction In order to evaluate the wide distribution of the ants in the world, it is necessary to per- form detailed studies to determine the associations between the species distribution and ecological factors. In this respect, as well as the horizontal distributions, the vertical distributions are studied in notable levels. For example, there are records from the high mountain systems, as on the Alps at 3000m, on the Himalayas at 4800m (WEBER 1943), and on the Kitadake and Maehodake Mountains at 3190m (DLUSSKY 1967). The studies dealing with taxonomical and faunal evaluations of Turkish ants do not involve any detailed vertical distributions until early 1980s. Only 15 species record of (DONISTHORPE 1950) is known from Bursa-Uluda÷ at 1950m altitude. After the record mentioned, the study of which is performed in the eastern region of Turkey is known as the most detailed work in order to determine the vertical distribution of the taxa. In the study of (AKTAÇ 1988), records of 86 species from the altitudes between 800m and 4000m are given. Moreover, nearly all of the studies involving Western Anatolia such as those have been performed in Marmara Region deals with horizontal distributions (FOREL 1895, 1906, 1911; SANTSCHI 1921, 1934; SCHKAFF 1924; DONISTHORPE 1950; BARONI URBANI 1964; BAù 1973). The records from the Istranca Mountains in Turkish Thrace involve only the study of (ÇAMLITEPE & AKTAÇ 1987) who reported 49 species up to 1031m altitude. Since the vertical distribution surveys in Western Anatolia have been very limited in number, the present study aimed to investigate the vertical distribution of the ant fauna of the Samanlı Mountains in Marmara Region. In this way, the data obtained from Western Anatolia will be able to compared to those that have already been gathered from Eastern © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 1106 Anatolia Region. Thus, the results will contribute to vertical distribution along with general geographic distribution of the ant fauna of the area studied. Material and methods The study materials were collected from the Samanlı Mountains between 1996 and 2004. The identification of the specimens were performed by comparing with AKTAÇ collec- tions belonging to Turkish and regional ants. The altitude, types of habitat, sampling dates of the study localities and latitude-longitude were shown in Table 1 and Figure 1. The distribution of the species according to the altitude is shown in Table 2. The numbers given for each species in the materials section represent the localities as in Table 1. The study material is kept at Biology Department of Trakya University. Table 1: Sampling localities of the study area on the Samanlı Mountains. Loc Locality Coordinates h. (m) Habitat Date No: 30.04/02- N40° 25' Bushes, fruit gardens, 1. Bursa–øznik 110-460 04.06.1996/ E29° 43' maquis, wasteland. 26.08.1996 N40° 24' 2. " – " –Çampınar Village 420 Olives 30.04.1996 E29° 43' Brookside, bushes, maquis, N40° 31' 3. " – " –Tacir Village 360-645 meadow, oak forest, pine 19/21.06.1996 E29° 44' forest, wasteland, wheat land N40° 29' Maquis, pine forest, pseudo- 20.6.1996/ 4. " – " –Elbeyli Town 140-500 E29° 43' maquis, wheat land 09.08.1997 N40° 29' Maquis, pine forest, 5. " – " –ønikli Village 150-525 21/22.06.1996 E29° 43' wasteland, N40° 32' 6. " – " –Candarlı Village 860-910 Mixed forest, Oak forest 22.06.1996 E29° 50' N40° 30' Brookside, mixed forest, oak 7. " – " –Gürmüzlü Village 515-705 22.06.1996 E29° 45' forest, pasture. N40° 33' 8. " – " –Kırıntı Village 790-825 Pine forest 25.06.1996 E29° 52' Beech forest, meadow, N40° 34' 9. " – " –Kutluca Village 810-935 mixed forest, pasture, pine 25.06.1996 E29° 51' forest N40° 31' 10. " – " –Elmalı Village 780 Pasture, pine forest, 26.06.1996 E29° 53' N40° 27' Brookside, maquis, mixed 11. " – " –øhsaniye Village 340-750 26.06/26.08.1996 E29° 49' forest, pasture, wasteland N40° 29' 12. " – " –Sansarak Village 735-755 Mixed forest, wasteland 26.06.1996 E29° 49' N40° 34' 13. " – " –Mecidiye Village 630-640 Mixed forest, oak forest 28.06.1996 E29° 41' N40° 30' 14. " – " –Orhaniye Village 220-285 Olives 28.06.1996 E29° 39' N40° 36' 15. " – " –Osmaniye Village 840-920 Oak forest, pine forest 28.06.1996 E29° 41' N40° 33' 16. " – " –Sarıa÷ıl Village 570 Oak forest 28.06.1996 E29° 40' N40° 36' 17. " – " –Sultaniye Village 810 Mixed forest 28.06.1996 E29° 44' © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 1107 Loc Locality Coordinates h. (m) Habitat Date No: N40° 34' 18. " – " –Süleymaniye Village 440 Oak forest 28.06.1996 E29° 41' N40° 33' 19. " – " –Mahmudiye Village 340 Brookside 02.07.1996 E29° 28' N40° 32' 20. " – " –Yörükler Village 375-425 Oak forest 02.07.1996 E29° 37' N40° 28' 21. " – " –Çakırca Village 235-310 Brookside, maquis, olives 05.07.1996 E29° 39' N40° 32' 22. " – " –Bayındır Village 215-355 Oak forest 06.07.1996 E29° 32' N40° 29' 23. " – " –Boyalıca Town 200-300 Oak forest, olives 06.07.1996 E29° 33' N40° 35' 07.07.1996/ 24. " – " –Kırkharman Village 385-420 Brookside, poplar area E29° 45' 09-10.08.1997 Beech forest, brookside, N40° 34' meadow, mixed forest, 07.07.1996/ 25. " – " –Sarısu Village 665-940 E29° 47' pasture, poplar area, wheat 09.08.1997 land N40° 33' 29.08.1996/ 26. " – " –Hacıosman Village 725-860 Meadow, oak forest E29° 51' 09.08.1997 N40° 33' 1000- 27. " – " –Özekdere Village Elm forest 29.08.1996 E29° 53' 1015 N40º 31' 28. Yalova–Armutlu 100-200 Olives, pine forest 29.07.1998 E28º 49' N40º 31' 29. " – " – Mecidiye Village 550 Mixed forest 29.07.1998 E28º 53' N40° 31' 30. Bursa–Orhangazi–Hamzalı Village 250-300 Pine forest 31.07.1998 E29° 15' N40° 32' Ash forest, beech forest, 31. " – " –Yeniköy Village 450-950 31.07.1998 E29° 21' pine forest, wasteland N40° 36' 32. øzmit–Karamürsel– Avcı Village 200 Mixed forest 05.08.1998 E29° 34' N40° 33' 33. " – " –Kızderbent Village 150 Brookside 05.08.1998 E29° 31' N40° 37' 34. " – " – Senaiye Village 650-850 Brookside, mixed forest 05/16.08.1998 E29° 41' N40° 34' 35. " – " – Tahtalı Village 500 Oak forest 05.08.1998 E29° 38' Bursa–Orhangazi–Mahmudiye N40° 33' 36. 700 Beech forest, wheat land 06.08.1998 Village E29° 28' N40° 31' 37. " – " –Üre÷il Village 480 Oak forest 06.08.1998 E29° 24' Yalova–Altınova–Ahmediye N40º 38' 38. 250 Oak forest 06.08.1998 Village E29º 27' N40º 34' 39. " – " –Aktoprak Village 450 Oak forest 06.08.1998 E29º 28' N40º 34' 40. " – Esadiye Village 200 Beech forest 11.08.1998 E29º 17' N40° 28' Beech forest, maquis, oak 41. Bursa–Gemlik–ùahinyurdu Village 400-950 12.08.1998 E29° 12' forest, wasteland N40° 28' 42. " – " –Narlı Village 100-350 Pine forest 14.08.1998 E29° 01' N40º 37' Mixed forest, chestnut 43. Yalova–Armutlu–Esenköy Village 500-600 14/15.08.1998 E28º 57' forest, oak forest N40º 30' Maquis, mixed forest, Oak 44. " – " –Hayriye Village 500-520 14/15.08.1998 E28º 57' forest N40° 39' 45. øzmit–Gölcük–Hamidiye Village 450 Chestnut forest 16.08.1998 E29° 49' © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 1108 Loc Locality Coordinates h. (m) Habitat Date No: N40° 38' 46. " – " –ørúadiye Village 750 Beech forest 16.08.1998 E29° 47' Adapazarı–Pamukova–A÷aççılar N40° 32' 47. 750 Olives 17.08.1998 Village E30° 07' N40° 27' 48. " – " –Ahiler Village 530 Pine forest 17.08.1998 E30° 00' N40° 31' 49. " – " –Kemaliye Village 650 Pine forest 17.08.1998 E30° 00' Bilecik–Osmaneli–Yeúilçimen N40° 26' 50. 380 Pine forest 17.08.1998 Village E29° 53' Adapazarı–Pamukova–Eskiyayla N40° 33' Alpine meadow, mixed 51. 950-1600 20.08.1998 Village E30° 07' forest, rocky place N40° 33' 1350- 52. " – " –Keltepe Beech forest, Pine forest 29.08.2004 E30° 07' 1550 N40° 38' 53. " –Sapanca–Erdemli Village 590 Beech forest 29.08.2004 E30° 13' N40° 40' 54. " –Sapanca–Muradiye Village 380 Beech forest, meadow 29.08.2004 E30° 14' N40° 40' 55. øzmit–Derbent–Karaçayır Village 830 Mixed forest, 29.08.2004 E30° 01' N40° 39' 56. " – " –Serindere Village 560 Poplar area 29.08.2004 E30° 00' N40° 36' 57. " – " –Sultaniye Village 930-1150 Pine forest, oak forest 29.08.2004 E30° 05' N40° 41' 58. " – " –Yuvacık Village 500 Meadow 29.08.2004 E29° 58' Fig. 1: Map indicating the sampling sites on the Samanlı Mountains (Numbers in the map indicate localities, which are described in the Table 1). © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 1109 Results Subfamily P o n e r i n a e Ponera coarctata (LATREILLE 1802) Material examined: 1, 3; 35, ; 37, 2; 44, 11; 50, &, 3; 53, ; 56, 30; 57, 4; 58, . R e m a r k s : Under olive tree and under stones in bushes. Proceratium melinum (ROGER 1860) Material examined: 47, (. R e m a r k s : Male was caught under olive tree.
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