Circulating Tumor Cell and Metabolites As Novel Biomarkers for Early-Stage Lung Cancer Diagnosis

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Circulating Tumor Cell and Metabolites As Novel Biomarkers for Early-Stage Lung Cancer Diagnosis ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 31 May 2021 doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.630672 Circulating Tumor Cell and Metabolites as Novel Biomarkers for Early-Stage Lung Cancer Diagnosis Lingling Wan 1, Qingyi Liu 2, Di Liang 1, Yongdong Guo 1, Guangjie Liu 2, Jinxia Ren 1, Yutong He 1* and Baoen Shan 1* 1 Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China, 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/The Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China Background: Lung cancer is a malignant tumor that has the highest morbidity and mortality rate among all cancers. Early diagnosis of lung cancer is a key factor in reducing mortality and improving prognosis. Edited by: Sara Rodriguez-Enriquez, Methods: In this study, we performed CTC next-generation sequencing (NGS) in early- Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog´ıa, stage lung cancer patients to identify lung cancer-related gene mutations. Meanwhile, a Mexico serum liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) untargeted Reviewed by: metabolomics analysis was performed in the CTC-positive patients. To screen potential Stephen John Ralph, Griffith University, Australia diagnostic markers for early lung cancer. Vassilis Georgoulias, ≥ University of Crete, Greece Results: 62.5% (30/48) of lung cancer patients had 1 CTC. By CTC NGS, we found *Correspondence: that > 50% of patients had 4 commonly mutated genes, namely, NOTCH1, IGF2, EGFR, Baoen Shan and PTCH1. 47.37% (9/19) patients had ARIDH1 mutations. Additionally, 30 CTC-positive [email protected] patients and 30 healthy volunteers were subjected to LC-MS untargeted metabolomics Yutong He [email protected] analysis. We found 100 different metabolites, and 10 different metabolites were identified through analysis, which may have potential clinical application value in the diagnosis of Specialty section: CTC-positive early-stage lung cancer (AUC >0.9). This article was submitted to Cancer Metabolism, Conclusions: Our results indicate that NGS of CTC and metabolomics may provide new a section of the journal tumor markers for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Frontiers in Oncology Received: 18 November 2020 Keywords: lung cancer, LC-MS untargeted metabolomics, circulating tumor cell, next-generation Accepted: 09 April 2021 sequencing, diagnosis Published: 31 May 2021 Citation: Wan L, Liu Q, Liang D, Guo Y, Liu G, Ren J, He Y and Shan B (2021) Abbreviations: CTC, circulating tumor cell; NGS, next-generation sequencing; LC-MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass Circulating Tumor Cell and Metabolites spectrometry; IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer; LDCT, Low-Dose Computed Tomography; COPD, as Novel Biomarkers for Early-Stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; QC, quality control; RT, retention time; RSD, Lung Cancer Diagnosis. relative standard deviation; FC, fold change; HMDB, Human Metabolome Database; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Front. Oncol. 11:630672. Genomes; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; AUC, area under the curve. PE, Phosphatidylethanolamine; PC, doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.630672 Phosphatidylcholine; LysoPC, lysophosphatidylcholine. Frontiers in Oncology | www.frontiersin.org 1 May 2021 | Volume 11 | Article 630672 Wan et al. Early-Stage Lung Cancer Diagnosis INTRODUCTION However, the accuracy and reliability of the identification of metabolites are low, and no efficient diagnostic markers for lung According to statistics provided by the International Agency for cancer have been found. Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization, Recent studies have verified that changes in cancer cell there were approximately 2.09 million new cases of lung cancer metabolites regulate the tumor microenvironment (15, 16), and approximately 1.76 million deaths from lung cancer which is very important in the occurrence and development of worldwide in 2018 (1). Both the morbidity and mortality rank tumors, because it has the role of connecting genotype and first among cancers, and the 5-year survival rate of lung cancer at phenotype (17). As early as 1889, Paget proposed that the stage IV is only 6% (2). The main reason for this high mortality is organ microenvironment (“soil”) can affect the planting, that early-stage lung cancer lacks typical clinical symptoms, and invasion, survival, and growth of specific tumor cells (“seeds”). when it is diagnosed, it is often already in the advanced stage, or In addition, CTC can survive in the peripheral blood through the even has metastases. Therefore, early diagnosis of lung cancer is a immune escape mechanism and as latent tumor-initiating seeds keyfactorinreducingcancer-relateddeathandimproving that eventually break out to replace the host tissue (18). CTC prognosis. At present, the commonly used diagnostic strategies exists in the early stages of cancer and can be detected earlier for lung cancer include imaging, such as computed tomography, than imaging (19), and can be used for early diagnosis of cancer sputum exfoliation cytology, serum tumor markers and (20). Guo et al.’s study explored the role of CTC detection and bronchoscopy, which can easily result missed diagnoses and metabolomics profiles in the prediction of early recurrence of misdiagnosis. Therefore, it is urgently important to identify lung cancer (21). In addition, CTC is a complete tumor cell, new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. carrying all the information of the tumor, such as RNA, DNA, Circulating tumor cell (CTC) refers to tumor cells derived proteins, sugars, lipids and so on. The CTC of patients with from tumor tissue that enter the peripheral blood circulation. gastric cancer or colorectal cancer has different single-cell Even in the early stage of tumor, tumor cells may flow into the metabolism profiles and is a potential biomarker for circulatory system. Therefore, CTC is an important marker for identifying specific cancer types (22). Certain lipid metabolites liquid biopsy and can be used as a non-invasive and real-time can be used to distinguish patients with lung cancer from monitoring tool for tumors to detect micrometastases (3, 4). A patients with benign lung diseases (23). But so far, there is no French study showed that CTC could be employed to detect relevant research to explore the correlation between CTC and early-stage lung cancer 4-5 years earlier than Low-Dose metabolomics in cancer diagnosis. In this study, we performed Computed Tomography (LDCT) in chronic obstructive CTC NGS and LC-MS untargeted metabolomics analyses in pulmonary disease (COPD) patients (5). In the past 10 years, early-stage lung cancer patients, to identify lung cancer-related the clinical application of CTC has primarily focused on the gene mutations and metabolites in CTC-positive patients, and number of CTCs (6, 7). In recent years, single-cell sequencing of analyze the value of early diagnosis of lung cancer. CTC was performed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, which provided a novel and precise tool for CTC research (8, 9). Our previous research (10) showed that LDCT MATERIALS AND METHODS combined with CTC may be a more effective method for early- stage lung cancer screening. Through NGS analysis of CTC, we Patients identified three cancer-related genes KIT, SMARCB1 and TP53 A total of 48 pathologically diagnosed as lung cancer patients in five CTC positive patients. were enrolled in this study from the Fourth Hospital of Hebei During the development of tumors, metabolites in the body Medical University from Dec 2018 to Jan 2019. All these patients change. More recently, researchers have turned to metabolomics and healthy controls were volunteers from LDCT lung cancer to analyse specific metabolic markers for the early diagnosis of screening from HeBei Province (10, 24). None of the patients lung cancer (11). Untargeted metabolomics can qualitatively received preoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Among the indentify differential metabolites between different groups, diagnosed lung cancer patients, 21 were male, and 27 were thereby screening potential disease markers. A clinical study on female. The age range was 38-75 years with an average age of the early diagnosis of lung cancer, including 65 non-smoking 59.1 years. Postoperative pathology showed that all lung cancer female non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, 6 benign patients were NSCLC, and 3 squamous cell carcinomas, 45 lung tumors patients, and 65 healthy controls, determine that adenocarcinomas. According to the eighth edition of the TNM cysteine, serine and 1-monooleoylglycerol, as a biomarker panel, staging criteria, 41 cases were stage I, and 7 cases were stage IIa. can be used to diagnose non-smoking female NSCLC (12). And in this study, combined with clinical experience, we defined Musharraf et al. analysed the plasma of lung cancer patients, these I/IIa patients as early-stage lung cancer. All patients COPD patients, healthy smokers and healthy non-smokers using underwent CTC in vivo before surgery, and peripheral blood GC-MS technology and observed that the fatty acid and glucose was taken for metabolomic detection. Meanwhile, 30 healthy levels of lung cancer patients were higher than those of patients in controls were enrolled in the group, and their personal other groups (13). Research by Ding et al. suggests that glucose characteristics, such as gender,age,andsmokinghistory, metabolism disorders may be closely related to lung cancer, as matched
Recommended publications
  • Pimsleur Mandarin Course I Vocabulary 对不起: Dui(4) Bu(4) Qi(3)
    Pimsleur Mandarin Course I vocabulary 对不起 : dui(4) bu(4) qi(3) excuse me; beg your pardon 请 : qing(3) please (polite) 问 : wen(4) ask; 你 : ni(3) you; yourself 会 : hui(4) can 说 : shuo(1) speak; talk 英文 : ying(1) wen(2) English(language) 不会 : bu(4) hui(4) be unable; can not 我 : wo(3) I; myself 一点儿 : yi(1) dian(3) er(2) a little bit 美国人 : mei(3) guo(2) ren(2) American(person); American(people) 是 : shi(4) be 你好 ni(2) hao(3) how are you 普通话 : pu(3) tong(1) hua(4) Mandarin (common language) 不好 : bu(4) hao(3) not good 很好 : hen(3) hao(3) very good 谢谢 : xie(4) xie(4) thank you 人 : ren(2) person; 可是 : ke(3) shi(4) but; however 请问 : qing(3) wen(4) one should like to ask 路 : lu(4) road 学院 : xue(2) yuan(4) college; 在 : zai(4) at; exist 哪儿 : na(3) er(2) where 那儿 na(4) er(2) there 街 : jie(1) street 这儿 : zhe(4) er(2) here 明白 : ming(2) bai(2) understand 什么 : shen(2) me what 中国人 : zhong(1) guo(2) ren(2) Chinese(person); Chinese(people) 想 : xiang(3) consider; want to 吃 : chi(1) eat 东西 : dong(1) xi(1) thing; creature 也 : ye(3) also 喝 : he(1) drink 去 : qu(4) go 时候 : shi(2) hou(4) (a point in) time 现在 : xian(4) zai(4) now 一会儿 : yi(1) hui(4) er(2) a little while 不 : bu(4) not; no 咖啡: ka(1) fei(1) coffee 小姐 : xiao(3) jie(3) miss; young lady 王 wang(2) a surname; king 茶 : cha(2) tea 两杯 : liang(3) bei(1) two cups of 要 : yao(4) want; ask for 做 : zuo(4) do; make 午饭 : wu(3) fan(4) lunch 一起 : yi(1) qi(3) together 北京 : bei(3) jing(1) Beijing; Peking 饭店 : fan(4) dian(4) hotel; restaurant 点钟 : dian(3) zhong(1) o'clock 几 : ji(1) how many; several 几点钟? ji(1) dian(3) zhong(1) what time? 八 : ba(1) eight 啤酒 : pi(2) jiu(3) beer 九 : jiu(3) understand 一 : yi(1) one 二 : er(4) two 三 : san(1) three 四 : si(4) four 五 : wu(3) five 六 : liu(4) six 七 : qi(1) seven 八 : ba(1) eight 九 : jiu(3) nine 十 : shi(2) ten 不行: bu(4) xing(2) won't do; be not good 那么 : na(3) me in that way; so 跟...一起 : gen(1)...yi(1) qi(3) with ..
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Characterization of TRPA Subfamily Genes and Function in Temperature Preference in Tuta Absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Molecular Characterization of TRPA Subfamily Genes and Function in Temperature Preference in Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Xiao-Di Wang 1, Ze-Kai Lin 1 , Shun-Xia Ji 1, Si-Yan Bi 1, Wan-Xue Liu 1, Gui-Fen Zhang 1, Fang-Hao Wan 1,2 and Zhi-Chuang Lü 1,* 1 State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; [email protected] (X.-D.W.); [email protected] (Z.-K.L.); [email protected] (S.-X.J.); [email protected] (S.-Y.B.); [email protected] (W.-X.L.); [email protected] (G.-F.Z.); [email protected] (F.-H.W.) 2 Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-8210-9572 Abstract: To reveal the mechanism of temperature preference in Tuta absoluta, one of the top 20 plant pests in the world, we cloned and identified TaTRPA1, TaPain, and TaPyx genes by RACE and bioinformatic analysis, and clarified their expression profiles during different development stages using real-time PCR, and revealed their function in preference temperature by RNAi. The full-length cDNA of TaPain was 3136 bp, with a 2865-bp open reading frame encoding a 259.89-kDa Citation: Wang, X.-D.; Lin, Z.-K.; Ji, protein; and the partial length cDNA of TaPyx was 2326-bp, with a 2025-bp open reading frame S.-X.; Bi, S.-Y.; Liu, W.-X.; Zhang, G.-F.; encoding a 193.16-kDa protein.
    [Show full text]
  • The Yu of Yi-Mei and Chang-Wan in Kwangtung,S Xin-Hui Xian
    Genealogy and History: The Yu of Yi-mei and Chang-wan in Kwangtung,s Xin-hui xian By L . E ve A r m e n t r o u t M a Chinese / Chinese American History Project, El Cerrito CAt USA A number of reasons have been advanced to explain why formal clan and lineage1 organizations first became widespread in China during the Song dynasty. Among these is the suggestion that the “ new ’, men (many of obscure origins), brought into the bureaucracy by the Song emphasis on the しonfucian examination system, desired to strength­ en the fabric of society. One means they chose was encouraging the revitalization and extension of clan and lineage organizations. They did tms in order to fill the void created by the decline of the aristocratic (“ great”) families (Twitchett 1959: 100-101). If these assumptions are true, one would expect to find a certain amount of the “ ordinary ” in the genealogies kept by these groups. 1 his was, indeed, often the case. A good example is that of the Yu 余 lineage that I will introduce in this essay. These Yus lived in the villages of Yi-mei 乂美 and Chang-wan 長湾 in Kwangtung’s Xin-hui xian 新会縣. As we shall see, they provide an interesting case study of a lineage that had its brief moment of glory, constructed a genealogy that helped to reflect this moment, and then faded into relative obscurity. In light of what we know about the distribution of wealth and power in the southern Chinese countryside, there must have been thousands of lineages similar to this one.
    [Show full text]
  • Ideophones in Middle Chinese
    KU LEUVEN FACULTY OF ARTS BLIJDE INKOMSTSTRAAT 21 BOX 3301 3000 LEUVEN, BELGIË ! Ideophones in Middle Chinese: A Typological Study of a Tang Dynasty Poetic Corpus Thomas'Van'Hoey' ' Presented(in(fulfilment(of(the(requirements(for(the(degree(of(( Master(of(Arts(in(Linguistics( ( Supervisor:(prof.(dr.(Jean=Christophe(Verstraete((promotor)( ( ( Academic(year(2014=2015 149(431(characters Abstract (English) Ideophones in Middle Chinese: A Typological Study of a Tang Dynasty Poetic Corpus Thomas Van Hoey This M.A. thesis investigates ideophones in Tang dynasty (618-907 AD) Middle Chinese (Sinitic, Sino- Tibetan) from a typological perspective. Ideophones are defined as a set of words that are phonologically and morphologically marked and depict some form of sensory image (Dingemanse 2011b). Middle Chinese has a large body of ideophones, whose domains range from the depiction of sound, movement, visual and other external senses to the depiction of internal senses (cf. Dingemanse 2012a). There is some work on modern variants of Sinitic languages (cf. Mok 2001; Bodomo 2006; de Sousa 2008; de Sousa 2011; Meng 2012; Wu 2014), but so far, there is no encompassing study of ideophones of a stage in the historical development of Sinitic languages. The purpose of this study is to develop a descriptive model for ideophones in Middle Chinese, which is compatible with what we know about them cross-linguistically. The main research question of this study is “what are the phonological, morphological, semantic and syntactic features of ideophones in Middle Chinese?” This question is studied in terms of three parameters, viz. the parameters of form, of meaning and of use.
    [Show full text]
  • HÀNWÉN and TAIWANESE SUBJECTIVITIES: a GENEALOGY of LANGUAGE POLICIES in TAIWAN, 1895-1945 by Hsuan-Yi Huang a DISSERTATION S
    HÀNWÉN AND TAIWANESE SUBJECTIVITIES: A GENEALOGY OF LANGUAGE POLICIES IN TAIWAN, 1895-1945 By Hsuan-Yi Huang A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Curriculum, Teaching, and Educational Policy—Doctor of Philosophy 2013 ABSTRACT HÀNWÉN AND TAIWANESE SUBJECTIVITIES: A GENEALOGY OF LANGUAGE POLICIES IN TAIWAN, 1895-1945 By Hsuan-Yi Huang This historical dissertation is a pedagogical project. In a critical and genealogical approach, inspired by Foucault’s genealogy and effective history and the new culture history of Sol Cohen and Hayden White, I hope pedagogically to raise awareness of the effect of history on shaping who we are and how we think about our self. I conceptualize such an historical approach as effective history as pedagogy, in which the purpose of history is to critically generate the pedagogical effects of history. This dissertation is a genealogical analysis of Taiwanese subjectivities under Japanese rule. Foucault’s theory of subjectivity, constituted by the four parts, substance of subjectivity, mode of subjectification, regimen of subjective practice, and telos of subjectification, served as a conceptual basis for my analysis of Taiwanese practices of the self-formation of a subject. Focusing on language policies in three historical events: the New Culture Movement in the 1920s, the Taiwanese Xiāngtǔ Literature Movement in the early 1930s, and the Japanization Movement during Wartime in 1937-1945, I analyzed discourses circulating within each event, particularly the possibilities/impossibilities created and shaped by discourses for Taiwanese subjectification practices. I illustrate discursive and subjectification practices that further shaped particular Taiwanese subjectivities in a particular event.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Inequality of Higher Education in China and the Role of Unequal Eco Nomic Development
    Regional Inequality of Higher Education Resources in China Wan-Hsin Liu*, Kiel Institute for the World Economy Ru Ma, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Preliminary version: 130616 Please do not cite or circulate without permission. Abstract: Under the “New Normal” China strives for a more equal and quality-oriented growth model to support its long-term economic development. Here providing a more equal access to higher education resources across provinces is expected to be the key. Bickenbach and Liu (2013a) found that the young in China has obtained more and more equal access to higher education opportunities over time. This paper goes one step further and analyses whether a more equal access to higher education “resources” has been provided for registered university students. Analysis results suggest that higher education resources spanning from teaching personnel to physical equipment and to financial resources have been by no means equally provided in relation to different student sizes across Chinese provinces. The unequal distribution has even become more deteriorated over the research period from 2002 to 2012. The strong increase in regional inequality is not attributable to the different treatments between regions with different development states in this regard only. Instead, the strongly rising provincial difference with respect to the provision of higher education resources to university students within traditionally assumed to be homogeneous regions, the East or the rich region in particular, plays a more dominant role. JEL: I23, I24, R10 Keywords: higher education, regional inequality, education resources, China, Theil index *corresponding author. Kiel Institute for the World Economy. Kiellinie 66, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Radicals (Meaning Parts);  Section 2: GCSE Vocabulary & Key Structures;  Section 3: Key Grammar Points;  Section 4: Chinese Culture;
    Pre-U Mandarin 中文 Preparation materials This booklet contains suggestions how you can prepare yourself to make a confident start in AS Chinese after your GCSEs. In this booklet you will find a Chinese vocabulary and grammar revision, which will lead to an exam at the beginning of the course in September. In order to have a great start please prepare for the test in advance and aim for high marks. Please learn or revise the following sections. The exam will be written in a similar way to each exercise. Content: Section 1: Chinese radicals (meaning parts); Section 2: GCSE Vocabulary & key structures; Section 3: Key grammar points; Section 4: Chinese culture; Section 1: Chinese radicals (meaning parts) Chinese radicals, or meaning parts, are very important for the usage of dictionary, and also can greatly facilitate the memorisation of Chinese characters. Please learn the following key Chinese radicals. You need to be able to write them from memory, and identify them in individual characters. "people" related to "street" related to "mouth" "speak" related to "female" related to "person" "cold" "water" related to "sun" "body" related to "fence" related to "hand" "hand" related to "silk" related to "silk" related to "trees" related to "feeling" related to "feeling" related to "knife" related to "knife" related to "knife" related to "fire" related to "fire" related to "road" related to "border" related to "eye" related to " feet" related to "food" related to "metal" related to "aninmals" related to "roof" related to "cave" related to "grass" related to "bamboo" indicate actions related to "strength" related to "pray" related to "clothes" related to "soil" related to "stone" related to "hill" related to "room" related to "illness" related to "room" related to "door" related to "jade" related to "money" related to "field" Exercise: Part A Write the following radicals from your memory: People_____ jade _____ animal _______ silk _____ trees ____ soil ____ Part B write down the radicals of the following characters on the lines.
    [Show full text]
  • Version 1.0 2017 KAMWO MERIDIAN HERBS
    A Guide for Institutions Version 1.0 2017 KAMWO MERIDIAN HERBS The oldest herbal dispensary & supplier of professional, natural health products on the East Coast. With thousands of options for your practice & the health of your clients, we’ve it covered! Founded by Dr. Ching Yiu Leung and his son Dr. Carl Shan Leung in 1973, Kamwo Meridian Herbs is now run by grandson Thomas Leung. A Doctor of Chinese Medicine and Western Pharmacist, Thomas Leung continues the family tradition of herbal medicine practice which stretches back more than four generations. Kamwo supports natural health care practitioners with a large selection of quality products and practice support like professional pricing, free reference materials, professional listings, and more! Kamwo Meridian Herbs is committed to sourcing the highest quality herbal products for our customers. We are proud to support the advancement of traditional Chinese medicine through education and services offered to the general public and our professional community. — Thomas N Leung, B.S. Pharm., DACM, L.Ac. CEO Kamwo Meridian Herbs 2 WELCOME NEW PRACTITIONERS INDEX ESCRIPT 2 EDUCATION 4 SERVICES 5 QUALITY 8 EMR TOOL 9 HDMS 11 ACUDIRECT 12 ACUPUNCTURE 14 SUPPLIES HIT MEDICINE 15 SKIN CARE 17 HERBS & 19 FORMULAS E-SCRIPT E-Script is the professional online store for Kamwo Meridian Herbs. E-Script accounts are given to verified, licensed practitioners (LA.c., LMT, MD, DO, NP, DC) to provide access to professional products at discounted pricing. $25 OFF YOUR FIRST ORDER! REGISTER WITH KAMWO.COM/ESCRIPT REGISTER TO HAVE ACCESS TO THE TOOLS TO TODAY SUPPORT & GROW YOUR PRACTICE 2 3 KAMWO MERIDIAN HERBS SUPPORTS EDUCATION Kamwo supports our Chinese medicine institutions, state boards and legislators that work to further our profession.
    [Show full text]
  • Names of Chinese People in Singapore
    101 Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 7.1 (2011): 101-133 DOI: 10.2478/v10016-011-0005-6 Lee Cher Leng Department of Chinese Studies, National University of Singapore ETHNOGRAPHY OF SINGAPORE CHINESE NAMES: RACE, RELIGION, AND REPRESENTATION Abstract Singapore Chinese is part of the Chinese Diaspora.This research shows how Singapore Chinese names reflect the Chinese naming tradition of surnames and generation names, as well as Straits Chinese influence. The names also reflect the beliefs and religion of Singapore Chinese. More significantly, a change of identity and representation is reflected in the names of earlier settlers and Singapore Chinese today. This paper aims to show the general naming traditions of Chinese in Singapore as well as a change in ideology and trends due to globalization. Keywords Singapore, Chinese, names, identity, beliefs, globalization. 1. Introduction When parents choose a name for a child, the name necessarily reflects their thoughts and aspirations with regards to the child. These thoughts and aspirations are shaped by the historical, social, cultural or spiritual setting of the time and place they are living in whether or not they are aware of them. Thus, the study of names is an important window through which one could view how these parents prefer their children to be perceived by society at large, according to the identities, roles, values, hierarchies or expectations constructed within a social space. Goodenough explains this culturally driven context of names and naming practices: Department of Chinese Studies, National University of Singapore The Shaw Foundation Building, Block AS7, Level 5 5 Arts Link, Singapore 117570 e-mail: [email protected] 102 Lee Cher Leng Ethnography of Singapore Chinese Names: Race, Religion, and Representation Different naming and address customs necessarily select different things about the self for communication and consequent emphasis.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI" ARGUMENT STRUCTURE, HPSG, AND CHINESE GRAMMAR DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Qian Gao, B.A., M.A. ******* The Ohio State University 2001 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Carl J. Pollard, Adviser Professor Peter W.
    [Show full text]
  • Wen Xue, Ph.D
    Wen Xue, Ph.D. RNA Therapeutics Institute University of Massachusetts Medical School 368 Plantation Street, AS4-2053 Worcester, MA 01605 (774) 455-3783 Fax: (508) 856-6696 [email protected] Lab Home page: http://www.umassmed.edu/xuelab/ Education Ph.D., Stony Brook University, The State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 2004-2009 Thesis: Tumor suppressor gene networks in liver cancer Advisor: Dr. Scott Lowe M.S., Biochemistry, Nanjing University, China 2002-2004 Thesis: Transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes Advisor: Dr. Jin Wang 1998-2002 B.S., Biochemistry, Nanjing University, China Appointments Assistant Professor, RNA Therapeutics Institute, 2014-present Program of Molecular Medicine, and MCCB University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA Postdoctoral Research 2009-2014 Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA Advisor: Dr. Tyler Jacks Honors and Awards NIH Director’s New Innovator Award 2016-2021 American Cancer Society Research Scholars Grant 2016-2020 The Lung Cancer Research Foundation Scientific Merit Award 2015 Worcester Foundation Award 2015 NCI-K99 Pathway to Independence Award 2012-2017 The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Career Development Program Award 2011-2012 American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Pre-doctoral Fellowship 2008-2011 Professional Memberships and Activities Member, American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy (ASGCT) 2018-present Member, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) 2008-present Member, International Liver Cancer Association (ILCA) 2016-present Consultant, Cystic
    [Show full text]
  • What Were the Four Divisions of Middle Chinese?
    What were the four Divisions of Middle Chinese ? Michel Ferlus To cite this version: Michel Ferlus. What were the four Divisions of Middle Chinese ? . Diachronica, Netherlands: John Benjamins, 2009, 26 (2), pp.184-213. 10.1075/dia.26.2.02fer. halshs-01581138v2 HAL Id: halshs-01581138 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01581138v2 Submitted on 13 Nov 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - ShareAlike| 4.0 International License What were the four Divisions of Middle Chinese ? (updated version) Michel FERLUS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France The text presented here is the final result of a series of versions of our research on the four divisions (or grades) of ancient Chinese (Middle Chinese) : 1. (1998) Du chinois archaïque au chinois ancien : monosyllabisation et formation des syllabes tendu/lâche (Nouvelle théorie sur la phonétique historique du chinois), The 31st International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics, University of Lund, Swiden, Sept. 30th – Oct. 4th (22 pages). (Available: https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00927220) 2. (2006) What were the four divisions (děng) of Middle Chinese ?, The 39th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics, University of Washington, Seattle, September 15-17 (12 pages).
    [Show full text]