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Improving Diets and Nutrition: Food-Based Approaches (Eds B Improving Diets and Nutrition FOOD-BASED APPROACHES Edited by Brian Thompson and Leslie Amoroso Improving Diets and Nutrition Food-based Approaches In memoriam Michael Latham Photo courtesy of Cornell University Photography Michael Latham, who died on 1 April 2011 aged 82, was one of the founders of the field of international nutrition that deals with the nutrition problems of low-income countries. Born and raised in Tanganyika of British parents – his father was a colonial doctor in the 1920s and 1930s – he obtained a medical degree from Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, before returning to Tanganyika in 1955 to work first as a ‘bush doctor’ and later as leader of the Nutrition Unit in the Ministry of Health of the new country of Tanzania. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the British Empire for these efforts. He then obtained postgraduate degrees from London and Harvard and began teaching at Cornell University in 1969, heading its International Nutrition Department for 25 years and maintaining a substantial workload – even as Emeritus Professor – until his death. Latham was a lifelong champion of the underprivileged and marginalized and an advo- cate of the right to food and nutrition, tirelessly calling for measures to redress inequities in global resource allocation and poverty. Generations of the students he both trained and inspired went on to be scientists, academics or technocrats, but also pursued careers dedicated to doing something practical to redress the injustices of this world. Professor Latham did important research (authoring or co-authoring some 450 articles, including two FAO books (Human Nutrition in Tropical Africa, first published in 1965 and revised in 1979; and Human Nutrition in the Developing World, published in 1997 and reprinted in 2004) that changed programme and policy orientation related to infant feeding, the control of parasitic dis- eases in humans, and combating micronutrient malnutrition, particularly food-based approaches. His final articles, including commentaries in World Nutrition and his last presentation in this Symposium, focused on the risks associated with ‘magic bullet’ approaches such as vitamin A capsule distribution (questioning whether in the real world this is actually reducing young child mortality) and the utilization of ready-to-use supplemental foods to prevent malnutrition. In 2008, he received the United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition Order of Merit in recog- nition of his outstanding lifelong contributions and service to nutrition. He is survived by his life partner, Lani Stephenson, retired Cornell Associate Professor of Nutritional Sciences, and two sons. Improving Diets and Nutrition Food-based Approaches Edited by Brian Thompson Nutrition Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Leslie Amoroso Nutrition Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Published by The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and CABI CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI CABI Nosworthy Way 38 Chauncey Street Wallingford Suite 1002 Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Boston, MA 02111 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 800 552 3083 (toll free) Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Tel: +1 (0)617 395 4051 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © FAO, 2014 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Improving diets and nutrition : food-based approaches/edited by Brian Thompson, Leslie Amoroso. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-78064-299-4 (CABI : hbk) -- ISBN 978-9251073193 (FAO) I. Thompson, Brian, 1953- editor of compilation. II. Amoroso, Leslie, 1977- editor of compilation. III. C.A.B. International, issuing body. IV. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, issuing body. [DNLM: 1. Malnutrition--prevention & control. 2. Developing Countries. 3. Diet. 4. Food. 5. Nutrition Policy. 6. Nutritional Physiological Phenomena. QU 145] RA645.N87 362.1963'9--dc23 2013024761 Published jointly by CAB International and FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy Web site: www.fao.org ISBN: 978 1 78064 299 4 (CABI) ISBN: 978 92 5 107319 3 (FAO) The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. Cover photo: © FAO Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India. Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY. Contents About the Editors ix Contributor Biographies xi Foreword xxi Jomo Kwame Sundaram Preface xxiii Brian Thompson and Leslie Amoroso Acknowledgements xxvii Welcome Address xxix ICN2 Secretariat Opening Address xxxiii Brian Thompson Introduction xxxvii Brian Thompson and Leslie Amoroso PART I: OVERVIEW 1 Perspective on Nutritional Problems in Developing Countries: Nutrition Security through Community Agriculture 1 Michael C. Latham 2 Food Systems and Human Nutrition: Relationships and Policy Interventions 8 Per Pinstrup-Andersen PART II: POLICY AND PROGRAMME EXPERIENCES 3 Enhancing the Performance of Food-based Strategies to Improve Micronutrient Status and Associated Health Outcomes in Young Children from Poor-resource Households in Low-income Countries: Challenges and Solutions 19 Rosalind S. Gibson v vi Contents 4 Food-based Approaches for Combating Malnutrition – Lessons Lost? 32 Ted Greiner 5 Critical Issues to Consider in the Selection of Crops in a Food-based Approach to Improve Vitamin A Status – Based on a South African Experience 45 Mieke Faber, Sunette M. Laurie and Paul J. van Jaarsveld 6 Contribution of Homestead Food Production to Improved Household Food Security and Nutrition Status – Lessons Learned from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Nepal and the Philippines 58 Aminuzzaman Talukder, Akoto K. Osei, Nancy J. Haselow, Hou Kroeun, Amin Uddin and Victoria Quinn 7 The Underestimated Impact of Food-based Interventions 74 Ian Darnton-Hill 8 The Current Nutritional Status in China 89 Chunming Chen 9 Integrating Nutrition into Agricultural and Rural Development Policies: The Brazilian Experience of Building an Innovative Food and Nutrition Security Approach 101 Luciene Burlandy, Cecilia Rocha and Renato Maluf 10 The Gender Informed Nutrition and Agriculture (GINA) Alliance and the Nutrition Collaborative Research Support Program (NCRSP) 113 Cheryl Jackson Lewis 11 Guyana’s Hinterland Community-based School Feeding Program (SFP) 124 Suraiya J. Ismail, Edward A. Jarvis and Christian Borja-Vega 12 The Impact of School Food Standards on Children’s Eating Habits in England 137 Michael Nelson, Jo Nicholas, Dalia Haroun, Clare Harper, Lesley Wood, Claire Storey and Jo Pearce 13 Animal Source Foods as a Food-based Approach to Improve Diet and Nutrition Outcomes 157 Charlotte G. Neumann, Nimrod O. Bwibo, Constance A. Gewa and Natalie Drorbaugh 14 Adapting Food-based Strategies to Improve the Nutrition of the Landless: A Review of HKI’s Homestead Food Production Program in Bangladesh 173 Emily P. Hillenbrand and Jillian L. Waid 15 The Growing Connection Project – With a Mexico Case Study 194 Bob Patterson and Margarita Álvarez Oyarzábal 16 Biofortification: A New Tool to Reduce Micronutrient Malnutrition 202 Howarth E. Bouis, Christine Hotz, Bonnie McClafferty, J.V. Meenakshi and Wolfgang H. Pfeiffer 17 Medium-scale Fortification: A Sustainable Food-based Approach to Improve Diets and Raise Nutrition Levels 216 Miriam E. Yiannakis, Aimee Webb Girard and A. Carolyn MacDonald Contents vii 18 Optimized Feeding Recommendations and In-home Fortification to Improve Iron Status in Infants and Young Children in the Republic of Tajikistan: A Pilot Project 230 Marina Adrianopoli, Paola D’Acapito, Marika Ferrari, Lorenza Mistura, Elisabetta Toti, Giuseppe Maiani, Ursula Truebswasser, Khadichamo Boymatova and Santino Severoni 19 Towards Long-term Nutrition Security: The Role of Agriculture in Dietary Diversity 246 Brian Thompson and Janice Meerman 20 Building Nutritional Self-reliance 268 George Kent PART III: CONTRIBUTIONS
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