AAS Explorer

lookingback: Life in space | 20

AMERICAN ASTRONAUTICAL SOCIETY EXPLORER Newsletter of the AAS History Committee Editor: Tim Chamberlin | [email protected]

What you’ll find FROM THE CHAIRMAN’S DESK INSIDE What to say about Sputnik? elcome to this third in our May 2007 | Issue 3 series of occasional newsletters! Just when it seems that we Report from old W don’t have a critical mass of material to NASA site No. 19 ...... 2 justify an entire newsletter, ideas well Google on the Moon. . . . . 3 up from a variety of sources and we Pesky Moon dust, end up with a surplus of excellent Apollo 1 topics of radio material. This issue was no exception. programs ...... 4 One challenge I’ve struggled with Space history symposia is what I might say about the anniver- help create important sary of Sputnik … or rather, what to say database ...... 5 that hasn’t already been said. In noting Michael L. Ciancone Call for papers ...... 6 the NASM/NASA symposium CHAIR, AAS HISTORY COMMITTEE News briefs...... 7 “Remembering the Space Age” sched- to benefit from the acuity of hindsight, Book review: uled for October 21-22, I recalled a simi- as well as the fact that the political, New release offers lar event 10 years ago. Sure enough, social and technical reverberations of glimpse of Italian there on my bookshelf was the launch were not immediately scientist’s life...... 8 Reconsidering Sputnik – Forty Years discernible — or even anticipated. In Upcoming meetings Since the Soviet Satellite (2000), edited the years since, the view of the event and events ...... 9 by Roger Launius, John Logsdon and and its effect has come into sharper Committee member Robert Smith. This book contains focus, some as a result of research into updates ...... 14 selected essays presented at a confer- official archives of the former Soviet Committee contact ence of the same name, as well as some Union. In addition, “new” information information...... 19 additional research essays. appears in the form of memoirs of Obituary: Walter M. Much of what was published “Wally” Schirra Jr...... 21 contemporary with Sputnik was unable Continued on back page, 22 ®

A Q&A with De Witt Kilgore of Bloomington, Ind., >>> In the Spotlight the newest member of the History Committee 10 NEW! The latest volume in the AAS History Series is now available from Univelt, Inc. | 12

AMERICAN ASTRONAUTICAL SOCIETY | AMERICA’S NETWORK OF SPACE PROFESSIONALS EXPLORER 2 NEWSLETTER OF THE AAS HISTORY COMMITTEE

¢ IN THE NEWS Report from old NASA site No. 19

Editor’s note: The following report was filed by AAS History Committee member James Busby.

Dear Friends and colleagues:

Things have picked up here at Downey Landing (the Downey NASA Site or old NASA site No. 19) in Downey, Calif., where Emesco Aviation started, and the site that Vultee, North American, Rockwell and Boeing occupied from 1929 until 1999. The site now has an Apollo Command Module (Boilerplate No. 6, or BP-6), which was the first Apollo AEROSPACE LEGACY FOUNDATION NASA spacecraft ever launched and recov- The Apollo Command Module Boilerplate No. 6 (left), which was the first Apollo ered. The CM was refurbished twice spacecraft ever launched and recovered, now rests at the Downey NASA Site (right), and used in parachute tests, being in Downey, Calif. dropped out of the back of aircraft over El Centro, Calif. (BP-6A and B). Center, which will be built at the old ALF has been granted an office Stricken from Rockwell NASA site. (See more below) on the old NASA site by IRG. This International in 1975, the CM was With less than a day to save the group has shown repeatedly that it given to the AFL-CIO and stood in CM, the Industrial Reality Group cares about the site’s long history by front of the Downey offices for 30 (IRG) and Downey Landing Studio finding artifacts and bringing them to years. quickly sent a forklift and a truck for the foundation's attention. Recently, the CM was rescued pickup. The forklift driver even from the closing Automobile and Construction markers, signs and even recovered the concrete base support- Aerospace Workers Union Hall in a furniture have been recovered and combined effort between the city of ing the CM by using the forks to dig brought to our offices. IRG even Downey, the Aerospace Legacy it up from the ground. assisted in locating the original Foundation (ALF) and the Downey Downey Landing Studio is runway markers (compass roses) Landing Studio. providing space on the grounds for from the early 1920s. ALF was told that it had 24 hours the CM’s storage, outside of the ALF We are still finding hardware and to take the CM, so it informed the office. ALF wants to restore BP-6 to artifacts around the site. The first studio and the City of Downey. its original state before it flew on building on the site — a wooden The city desperately wanted the Nov. 7, 1963. To do that an Apollo horse barn — survives, and we have CM for the upcoming Columbia launch escape system and tower are Memorial Space Science Learning needed. Ideas, anyone? Continued on next page ®

PAGE 2 WWW.ASTRONAUTICAL.ORG MAY 2007 | ISSUE 3

¢ IN THE NEWS

Nominated titles for Emme Google lands on the Moon Award under review Planning a vacation on the The selection process for the surface of the Moon? 2006 Emme Award for Astronautical Look no further than Google Literature is well underway. Moon — a Web site with a photo- We appreciate the enthusiastic graphic, interactive map of the lunar response of the many folks who surface that shows the locations of all kindly offered nominations. We six Apollo Lunar Module landing sites. have solicited the publishers of The Web site is an extension of nominated titles for review copies Google’s ongoing collaboration with and the response has been very NASA to organize information and positive. The selection panel will bring it to a wider audience. NASA’s review the books over the next few Ames Research Center signed an Google Moon — http://moon.google.com months in anticipation of announc- agreement with Google in December ing the recipient of the 2006 Emme to work together on overcoming data (Zooming in too close reveals a Award at the AAS national meet- management hurdles and other tech- surprise.) ing in Houston in November. nical problems. Google Moon, much like Google A glance at the list of nomi- To use Google Moon, simply Mars, does not require users to nated titles leads me to believe slide a dial on the left-hand side of download software. Google Moon is the selection panel members can the screen to zoom in and out or less detailed though and does not look forward to a summer of good double-click a point on the map to include an elevation scale nor reading!" center the image. Clicking on a land- infrared imagery. The site also lacks a — Mike Ciancone ing site icon reveals the names of the distance scale. Apollo crew and landing date. — Tim Chamberlin

The site eventually will include among others. ® NASA SITE NO. 19 Continued from Page 2 the original wooden full-scale Space I would appreciate any help that Shuttle Orbiter mock-up that was my colleagues would care to high hopes that it can be utilized as a built in 1974 by Rockwell for NASA, contribute. With the number of history center. who donated it to the City of historic aviation and aerospace sites Downey. The center is scheduled to dwindling, ALF hopes to recall the Learning Center groundbreaking open in late 2008. time when the people of California ALF is preparing to do audio contributed to the age of aviation and The official groundbreaking of histories of surviving aerospace the first race to the Moon. We also the Columbia Memorial Space workers from various companies and want to prepare our upcoming gener- Science Learning Center was held wants to create a cybrary so engi- ations to be engineers, scientists and April 12, the anniversary of Yuri neers will have past resources to astronauts by keeping their eyes on Gagarin’s historic flight. The new utilize in the future. the skies. two-story building will include a In addition to Apollo spacecraft For more information, visit ALF Challenger Learning Center and will and Space Shuttle, the Downey online at www.aerospacelegacyfoun- house some exhibits that will honor NASA site was the design center of dation.org. To learn more about the Downey’s contributions to the aero- the Kinner folding wing, Mercury/ Learning Center, go to www.columbi- space industry. Little Joe and the Convair MX-774, aspacescience.org.

WWW.ASTRONAUTICAL.ORG PAGE 3 EXPLORER 2 NEWSLETTER OF THE AAS HISTORY COMMITTEE

¢ IN THE NEWS Pesky Moon dust, Apollo 1 topics of radio programs

National Public Radio has published a series of stories looking back at historic and tragic moments of human spaceflight, including the experiences of Apollo and Space Shuttle astronauts. Four radio features beginning in late January have covered topics such as moon dust, sleeping in space, the Apollo 1 fire and Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space. The radio stories are archived on NPR’s Web site. Previews and links NASA to each program appear below. Astronaut Harrison Schmitt retrieves lunar samples during the second extravehicular activity at the Taurus-Littrow landing site during the Apollo 17 mission. The dirty — Tim Chamberlin appearance of Schmitt's space suit is a result of the cohesive nature of the lunar dust. NASA’s Big Chore: naut and Vostok 6 pilot Valentina Chaffee in an Apollo Command Dusting on the Moon Tereshkova, the first woman in space, Module during a preflight test at Apollo 17 astronaut Harrison who recently celebrated her 70th Cape Canaveral, Fla. (6 min., 01 sec.) Schmitt and other experts discuss the birthday. (1 min., 10 sec.) Listen to program challenges that Moon dust posed Listen to program during lunar excursions and similar ZerFo Gravity Zzzs: problems NASA may face now that it F Joys of Sleeping in Space has plans to send astronauts back to Reflections on the Apollo 1 Veteran astronauts Marsha Ivins the Moon by 2018. (3 min., 49 sec.) Disaster, 40 Years Later and Dan Barry, who collectively logged 72 nights in space during Listen to program Chris Kraft, NASA’s director of several Space Shuttle missions, F flight operations in 1967, recounts discuss the joys and travails of falling Valentina Tereshkova: the tragic moments of the fire that asleep in zero gravity. (5 min., 50 sec.) First Woman in Space Turns 70 took the lives of astronauts Gus A short feature on Former cosmo- Grissom, Ed White and Roger F Listen to program

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¢ GUEST COLUMN

includes proceedings of the 32nd Space history symposia help History Symposium of the IAA held in Melbourne, Australia, in 1998, and the manuscripts for the following six create important database symposia have been received by Univelt editor Donald Elder. ne of the earliest scientific These proceedings now repre- topics in the charter of the sent one of the largest international O International Academy of databases on the history of rocketry Astronautics (IAA, founded in 1960) and astronautics outside the national was the history of rocketry and astro- space agencies. To support future nautics. The IAA History of the research work Hervé Moulin has Development of Rockets and prepared an overview (programs, Astronautics Committee was created abstracts and index) of the papers in 1961 (which later became the IAA given from 1967–2000. The report History Study Group) and has been can be downloaded from the IAA continuously active. Web site. The History Study Group is an Dr. Å. Ingemar Skoog The History Study Group meets international committee with CO-CHAIR, IAA HISTORY STUDY GROUP at least once per year, regularly at the members from all over the world, IAC, and in addition to regular work- and some of the longest memberships tion and conduct of the annual ing issues such as the organization of go back to the mid-to-late 1960s. Symposium on History of Rocketry the History Symposia and prepara- Presently the History Study Group and Astronautics at the International tion of the proceedings, a general has 38 members from 14 countries. Astronautical Congresses (IAC). exchange of information on ongoing Over the years many well-known The first symposium was organ- activities by the members or in differ- historians on astronautics and rock- ized by Fred Durant in 1967 in ent countries is taking place. etry have acted as chair or co-chair- Belgrade, Yugoslavia, and since then In the 1960s and 1970s the persons: 40 symposia have been held so far. History Study Group was the only I Charles Dolfuss, France (1961-1971) (The 40th was held in Valencia, informal forum for exchange of infor- I E. Cambi, Italy (1971-78) Spain, in 2006). mation on space history issues I Eugene M. Emme, U.S. (1978-80) At these symposia more than 650 between East and West, and the very I Viktor N. Sokolsky, USSR/Russia papers have been presented. Topics strong personal relations built up (1978-93) covered range from memoirs to amongst the members made this I Frederick C. Durant III, U.S. (1980-89) social, political, scientific and techni- exchange very fruitful. The history I Frederick I. Ordway III, U.S. (1989–95) cal issues. Project and program group is also the link for organizing I Jacques Villain, France (1993-99) history and the history of national personal support on an individual I John E. Becklake, U.K. (1996-99) space programs are also discussed. basis to solve missing documents or I George S. James, U.S. (2000-05) Each symposium is documented answers to questions from members I Hervé Moulin, France (2000-05) in the “History Symposia conducting historical research work. I have served as co-chair since Proceedings” published by Univelt, On a case-by-case basis the IAA and 2004 with Yasonuri Matogawa of Inc., which are available in volumes its History Study Group can co-spon- Japan (2005- ). under the AAS and IAA History sor local or national symposia on the The main activity of the History Series. (See page 12). Study Group has been the organiza- The latest IAA volume (No. 18) Continued on next page ®

WWW.ASTRONAUTICAL.ORG PAGE 5 EXPLORER 2 NEWSLETTER OF THE AAS HISTORY COMMITTEE

¢ CALL FOR PAPERS

Space conference in 2008 A special 1961 issue of “Weltraumfahrt,” to offer European perspective an influential joint publication edited on behalf of several German and Austrian Proposals for papers and presen- rocket societies. The main title reads tations are being accepted for “Spaceflight: Magazine for Astronautics ‘Imaging Outer Space, 1900-2000,’ a and Rocket Technology.” With the entire conference being held at Bielefeld issue devoted to spaceflight and Europe, University in Germany in February the cover featured the concept of a 2008. projected European satellite development This conference on the cultural with contributions coming from the history of outer space, space travel Benelux countries, West Germany, England, and space exploration will examine France, Greece, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, the manner in which Europeans Austria, Switzerland, Spain and Turkey. imagined outer space over the course of the 20th century. I Outer Space and the Spatial Turn Proposals for papers are invited Unlike most of the existing histo- I Futurist Technologies and Past from those working in history, historiography, the conference will be less Utopias ry of science and technology, aero- focused on the political, diplomatic I Science Fiction as History nautics, astrophysics, geography, and technological aspects of I Space Personae archaeology, art history, literary criti- European space programs per se, I Aliens and the Plurality of Worlds cism or related disciplines. All than on the socio-cultural rationale — Debate in the 20th Century papers will be circulated before the behind the investment of enormous I UFOs, SETI and the Quest for conference to leave ample room for resources. Analyzing contact points Radical Alterity discussion. Conference language will between science and fiction from a I Space Technology’s Places on the be English. Travel funding is avail- comparative European perspective, Ground able for all speakers. special attention at the conference I Space and Beyond in the History of Submit an abstract of no more will be given to sites and situations Religion and Western Esotericism than 300 words together with a short where technologies and images have I Outer Space and Nuclear Power CV before May 15 for consideration contributed to the omnipresence of I Historicizing the Overview Effect to Alexander Geppert at fantasmatic thought. I The Frontier-Myth in the Orbital Age [email protected]. Themes of possible contributions I European Astrofuturisms in For more information, visit the include but are not limited to: Comparative Perspective Web site at Free University of Berlin.

documentation can be reviewed on and the Space Race” to be held at the ® INGEMAR SKOOG Continued from Page 5 the IAA Web site, where the History IAC in Hyderabad, India, in Study Group has its own site. September. Boris Chertok and Robert history of astronautics, which has As the time for 50th anniversaries Seamans have accepted invitations to been the case for several symposia in of space events are approaching the participate. For more information, the former Soviet Union and the History Study Group is planning a see the IAC programme online. Russian Federation. series of IAA history plenaries at the The work of the History Study IAC to commemorate major mile- For contacts and further informa- Group is documented in minutes of stones in the history of astronautics. tion, send e-mail to Dr. Å. Ingemar meetings and information notes The first is on “The 50th Skoog at: ake.ingemar.skoog@t- issued on a non-regular base. All this Anniversary of Sputnik 1, the IGY online.de.

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¢ NEWS BRIEFS

4 5TH ANNIVERSARY ONLINE I Ariane 4 NASA History Office creates Saturn 5, Vostok drawings part I BAE Olympus satellite new ‘Friendship 7’ Web site of new ‘Flight’ online archive I Douglas space station I ELDO rocket stage 2 In honor of the 45th anniversary Flight International Magazine has I ELDO rocket stage 3 of John H. Glenn Jr.’s historic flight, made available online its archive of I Hubble Space Telescope the NASA History Office recently photographs and technical cutaway I Hughes Intelsat VI published a special Web site with drawings. I Orbital space station information about the Friendship 7 The magazine says on its Web I Orbital space station 2 mission and Mercury program. site that the current posting of images I Saturn 5 Glenn was the first American to and drawings is only a small sample, I Skylab orbit Earth on February 20, 1962, and that “there is still a lot more to I Skylab module aboard a Mercury spacecraft. come as we continue to work through I Spacelab The Web site offers biographies nearly a century of aviation history, I Space Shuttle concept of key NASA personnel who were but we hope that you enjoy browsing I Viking spacecraft instrumental in making the through these first galleries.” I Vostok capsule Friendship 7 mission a success. Links The 40 drawings include: Flight International says that its to high-resolution photos and videos I Apollo mission sequence archive dates back to its first issue also are available. I Ariane 3 published in 1908.

SPACE HISTORY ENCYCLOPEDIA production and Planetary Science,” and Phased delivery of sections schedule, we “Technology and Engineering,” are are working planned for completion by the end to help production flow a phased of November and December, The end is near! delivery of respectively. The ABC-CLIO/American the six major The phased approach will mini- Astronautical Society space histo- areas of the mize the remaining production ry encyclopedia project, Space encyclope- schedule at the end, helping to pull Exploration and Humanity: A dia. “Military the publication date forward as Historical Encyclopedia continues Applications” much as possible. Space historians to move forward, slowly but will be deliv- will be contacted for specific surely. The manuscript is expected ered in May, “Human Spaceflight” reviews and to help write any to be ready by the end of by the end of June, “Space and outstanding articles. If any histori- December 2007 or, worst case Society” by the end of July, and ans would like to volunteer to help depending on author and editor “Civilian and Commercial complete the project, please contact performance, by May 2008. Applications” by the end of August. Stephen Johnson at stephen.b.john- To help reduce ABC-CLIO’s The last two sections, “Astronomy son@nasa.gov, 719-487-9833.

> For more information about the encyclopedia, see the product fact sheet at ABC-CLIO’s Web site.

WWW.ASTRONAUTICAL.ORG PAGE 7 EXPLORER 2 NEWSLETTER OF THE AAS HISTORY COMMITTEE

¢ BOOK REVIEW New release offers glimpse of Italian scientist’s life Biography of ‘Bepi’ Colombo which created an electromagnetic effect. One practical application of helps fill gap of English titles this phenomenon is to have the tether about Italy’s space pioneers system function as an electric motor for spacecraft altitude maintenance in An interesting little book arrived Earth orbit. in the mail the other day. It is the Colombo died before witnessing English translation of a title that first the results of his efforts. The appeared in Italian on the life story of Tethered Satellite System (TSS-1) Giuseppe “Bepi” Colombo (1920-1984), flew on STS-46 in 1992 with a crew a man who was full of energy and that included the first Italian astro- Far Off in Space – ideas about big things. I must admit naut, Franco Malerba, and again as The Life of Giuseppe that before I read this book, I was TSS-1R (a reflight of the experiment) unaware of Colombo’s name, despite on STS-75 in 1996 with a crew that Colombo the fact that I am familiar with some included Italian astronaut Umberto by Giovanni Caprara of his technical work. So this was a Guidoni. special treat to read about the man I am always interested in learning Sperling & Kupfer, 2006, and learn more about his scientific more about the background interests 200p legacy. and motivations of folks who have Amongst the main points of his been involved in spaceflight activities, Hard Cover ¤16,00 legacy are (1) that he originated the particularly if they were inspirational (ISBN 8820041952) idea of a gravity assist trajectory or influential in the absence of great around Venus for the Mariner space- fanfare or publicity. For orders of the English craft that enabled three flybys of Although Italy has had a signifi- edition, contact: Mercury, (2) he was the primary cant and active role in spaceflight scientific force behind the ESA Giotto activities, the number of English- Prof. Francesco Angrilli mission to Haley’s comet, and (3) he language publications on Italian space CISAS - Università di originated the idea of space tethers programs and people is relatively Padova and was the principal investigator for small. Although this book does not Via Venezia, 15 - Padova- Shuttle-based tethered satellite experi- represent a rigorous academic exami- Italy ments. nation and reads a bit awkwardly at The tethered satellite concept times (presumably the result of trans- E-mail: involved unreeling a 20-kilometer lation difficulties), it helps to fill that [email protected] cable (with a diameter of about 2.54 gap and provides an interesting color mm) from the payload bay of the commentary on Colombo, from child- Space Shuttle. As the cable trailed hood through legacy. behind and beneath the Shuttle, it cut through the Earth’s magnetic field, — Michael L. Ciancone

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¢ UPCOMING MEETINGS AND EVENTS

May 2-June 27, 2007 September 18-20, 2007 Curator’s Choice Presentations Space 2007 Conference and Exposition National Air and Space Museum, Steven F. Long Beach, California Udvar-Hazy Center, Chantilly, Va. 8 www.aiaa.com 8 www.nasm.si.edu/udvarhazy September 24-28, 2007 May 23 “FLY NOW!: The Poster Collection of the National 58th International Astronautical Air and Space Museum” (West End, 104), Joanne Congress (IAC) London/Aero Hyderabad, India May 30 “Water on Mars: Recent Discoveries and Open 8 www.iac2007.org.in Questions” (Exploring The Planets, 111), Ross October 16-17, 2007 Irwin/CEPS June 20 The Evolution of Air and Space Power: “Wernher von Braun: Space Hero or Nazi Villain?” Know the Past – Shape the Future (Space Race/Space Hall, 114), Michael Neufeld/DSH Arlington, Virginia. June 27 http://www.afhistoricalfoundation.org “MESSENGER’s Encounter with Venus” (Exploring 8 the Planets, 207), Tom Watters/CEPS October 17-21, 2007

All presentations began on Wednesdays at noon. Society for the History Meet at the Museum Seal in the Milestones of Flight of Technology Annual Meeting Gallery and then proceed to the gallery to hear the Looking Back, Looking Beyond: 50th Anniversary presentation. Washington, D.C. May 24-28, 2007 8 www.historyoftechnology.org/annualmtg.html 26th Annual International Space October 21-22, 2007 Development Conference (ISDC) *Remembering the Space Age From Old Frontiers to New – Washington, D.C. Celebrating 50 Years of Spaceflight Hotel Intercontinental November 13-14, 2007 Dallas, Texas AAS National Conference 8 isdc.nss.org/2007 and 54th Annual Meeting South Shore Harbour Resort Houston, Texas * Held in conjunction with the Society for the 8 www.astronautical.org History of Technology annual meeting.

WWW.ASTRONAUTICAL.ORG PAGE 9 EXPLORER 2 NEWSLETTER OF THE AAS HISTORY COMMITTEE >>> In the Spotlight

De Witt Douglas Kilgore is the newest member of the AAS History Committee. Kilgore is an associate professor of English at Indiana University and is the author of “Astrofuturism: Science, Race, and Visions of Utopia in Space” (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003). He is currently writing the book, “New Life, New Civilizations: The Cultural Grounding of the American Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence.”

What are your specific interests in What are you currently working on space history? related to space history? My particular interest is in the cultur- I am currently working a book project De Witt al and social impact of the spaceflight on the search for extraterrestrial intelli- movement and the scientific exploration gence. My principle interest in this Douglas of space. It is through science writing and research is in the methods and stratagems Kilgore science fiction that we see how intimate is that allow a new science to gain cultural, Hometown: the link between the adventures we imag- social and even literary credibility. I am St. Louis, MO. ine or undertake and the very ordinary interested in what a particular field of Resides in: social/material problems we live with. scientific exploration must do to explain Bloomington, IN itself to publics who may be sympathetic Race, as the difference that stands for all Education: others, serves me as the issue which but can also be skeptical — even hostile. Washington concerns my scientist-engineer-writers as As in my previous book, Astrofuturism: University, B.A., they argue for their projects and visions. Science, Race and Visions of Utopia in Architecture; In this regard my work recovers and Space, my intent is to conduct a series of Brown

critiques the political or utopian hopes (what’s called my trade) reparative read- University, A.M., N O I T A

that often underlie American ventures Ph.D., American D N

Continued on next page U into the unknown. Civilization O

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” O H P PAGE 10 WWW.ASTRONAUTICAL.ORG MAY 2007 | ISSUE 3

wandered through Brown those moments – like the JFK ® DE WITT KILGORE Continued from Page 10 University’s Science Library, look- assassination – that lingers in ing for something inspirational. memory: you remember where That’s where I found several you where and how it struck you. ings of the fiction and non-fiction shelves full of monographs cover- And because of Ronald McNair I, that represents SETI as not only ing the history of America’s space as an African American, felt for good science but also a project program; many of them authored the first time an investment that that brings social and political or edited by Eugene Emme. An was more communal than person- good. By juxtaposing the work of afternoon of reading and I was al. writer-participants such as Carl hooked. Here was an area in the Sagan and Frank Drake with history of science and technology writer-observers such as Walter What else would you like to that would keep me interested and Sullivan and James Gunn I hope to share with us? productive over the long haul. I reveal some of the limits and wouldn’t call what I do space Is enjoying what you do potentials (and excitement) that history in the classic sense but I against the law? If it is, don’t tell comes from introducing new ideas wonder where I would be without me. (or, at least, new ways of seeing it. old ideas pacé Steven Dick) into the cultural mainstream. What are your favorite How did you get interested space-related books, movies in space history? and Web sites? I suspect that the way space Books: James Blish, A Case of came into my life is in no way Conscience; James Gunn, The remarkable. I am part of that Listeners; and David Grinspoon, generation for whom real and as Lonely Planets: the natural philos- well as fantastic stories of space ophy of alien life. Movies: travel was part of everyday life. Destination Moon (1950), 2001: A Growing up in the 1960s I could Space Odyssey (1968), Die Frau im watch Star Trek as well as Apollo Mond (1929), and Apollo 13 (1995). moonwalks on television. I can Web sites: The SETI Institute, remember identifying with Will The Planetary Society and NASA. Robinson, the precocious pre-teen on Lost in Space, spending week- Besides the first piloted end filling notebooks with draw- lunar landing, what do you ings of robots and spaceships, and think was the most making my Major Matt Mason memorable moment in action figure (never a doll) zoom space history and why? around the living room. By the time I got to graduate The event that most immedi- school the Apollo program was a ately pops into mind is the distant memory and I was looking Challenger tragedy. Since the for a dissertation topic. My first disaster was a shared national topic, a history of futurism in vari- trauma there’s not much I can say ous disciplines, was too broad to about why that would be startling- pass muster. In desperation I ly new. However, it is one of

WWW.ASTRONAUTICAL.ORG PAGE 11 EXPLORER 2 NEWSLETTER OF THE AAS HISTORY COMMITTEE

¢ AAS HISTORY SERIES Univelt releases new volume in long-standing history series

Volume 27 in the AAS History Series is now available from Univelt, Inc, which includes proceedings of the 32nd History Symposium of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) held in Melbourne, Australia in 1998. Papers presented at the symposium that appear in the book are listed below:

2001: A Space Odyssey – Vision RAND and North American Versus Reality at 30, by Frederick I. Aviation’s Aerophysics Laboratory: Ordway III An Early Interaction in Missiles and French Space Biological Experiments Space, by Bruno W. Augenstein With Animals Before 1968, by French-U.S. Space Research Claude-Alexandre Timsit, Gerard Cooperation in the Early 1960s, by Volume 27 Chatelier and Herve Moulin Herve Moulin 25 Years of Space at Surrey: Festival Rockets in Thailand, Laos, History of Rocketry Pioneering Modern Microsatellites, Japan, and China: A Case Study of and Astronautics by M. N. Sweeting Early Technology Transfer – Part 1, Edited by Kerrie The Contribution of Fridrikh Tsander: by Frank H. Winter and Akira Dougherty and Donald C. A Memoir, by Marsha Freeman Kubozono Elder, 2007, 416p Australia in Space: Then and Now, by OHKA: Japanese World War II Jos Heyman Rocket-Propelled Attack Glider, by Hard Cover $95 The Australian Rocket Societies: Yasunori Matogawa (ISBN 978-0-87703-535-0) Rocketry Pioneers or Rocket Mail VE 111 Topaze: The First French Soft Cover $70 Sideshows?, by Kerrie Dougherty Inertial Rocket, by Philippe Jung (ISBN 978-0-87703-536-7) An Overview of French Astronautical A Technical Re-Appraisal of Black Activities in the 1930s, by Arrow, by Christopher Mark This book and others in Christophe Rothmund Hempsell and Alan Bond the AAS History Series The Conquest of the Moon 1958-1969: The Ranger Project, by Otfrid G. (see next page) may be The Race Between the Soviet Liepack purchased directly from Union and the United States of Solid Propellant Rockets in the Soviet Univelt, Inc. America, by Jacques Villain Union, by Christian Lardier Call 760-746-4005 or fax Forty Years of NASA – Australian 760-746-3139 to place an Cooperation, by Miriam Baltuck, The American Astronautical Society order. Dennis Cooper, Peter Holland and History Committee, first under the lead- Or write to: Univelt, Inc., Graham Harris. ership of Eugene M. Emme, NASA histo- P.O. Box 28130, San Diego, Conservation of the German WWII rian, established the AAS History Series California 92198; or e-mail: Rocket Collection at the Aerospace of books in 1977 to dedicate the contin- [email protected] Museum, Cosford, England, by A. ued pursuit and broader appreciation of McLean, C. Davies, S. Fairbrass, J. the full history of flight in American Becklake and A. Hall Patch. history and its global influence.

PAGE 12 WWW.ASTRONAUTICAL.ORG MAY 2007 | ISSUE 3

¢ AAS HISTORY SERIES

PREVIOUS VOLUMES Discounts Vol. 1 Two Hundred Years of Flight in America: A Bicentennial Survey, 1977, A 50-percent discount off 326p, 1981, Hard $35; Soft $25. list prices for all AAS Vol. 2 Twenty-Five Years of the American Astronautical Society: Historical History Series volumes is Reflections and Projections, 1954-1979, 1980, 248p, Hard $25; Soft $15. available for individual Vol. 3 Between Sputnik and the Shuttle: New Perspectives on American members of the: Astronautics, 1957-1980, 1981, 350p, Hard $40; Soft $30. I American Astronautical Vol. 4 The Endless Space Frontier: A History of the House Committee on Science Society History committee and Astronautics, 1982, 460p, Hard $45. International Academy of I Vol. 5 Science Fiction and Space Futures: Past and Present, 1982, 278p, Hard $35; Soft $25. Astronautics History Study Group Vol. 6 First Steps Toward Space, 1986, 318p, Hard $45; Soft $35. Vol. 7 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1986, Part I, 250p, Part II, 502p, I Authors for books in which their articles appear sold as a set, Hard $100; Soft $80. Vol. 8 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1989, 368p, Hard $50; Soft $35. A 25-percent discount off Vol. 9 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1989, 330p, Hard $50; Soft $35. list prices for all AAS Vol. 10 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1990, 330p, Hard $60; Soft $40. History Series volumes is Vol. 11 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1994, 236p, Hard $60; Soft $40. available for individual members of the Vol. 12 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1991, 252p, Hard $60; Soft $40. AAS, AIAA, AAAF and: Vol. 13 History of Liquid Rocket Engine Development in the United States 1955- 1980, 1992, 176p, Out of Print. I The British Interplanetary Society Vol. 14 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1993, 222p, Hard $50; Soft $35. I The Deutsche Vol. 15 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1993, 452p, Hard $60; Soft $40. Gesellschaft für Luft und Vol. 16 Out From Behind the Eight-Ball: A History of Project Echo, 1995, 176p, Raumfahrt Hard $50; Soft $30. The National Space I Vol. 17 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1995, 480p, Hard $60; Soft $40. Society Vol. 18 Organizing for the Use of Space: Historical Perspectives on a Persistent I The Space Studies Institute Issue, 1995, 234p, Hard $60; Soft $40. Vol. 19 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1997, 318p, Hard $60; Soft $40. I The U.S. Space Foundation Vol. 20 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1997, 344p, Hard $60; Soft $40. I The Planetary Society Vol. 21 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1997, 368p, Hard $60; Soft $40. I Individual members of Vol. 22 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1998, 418p, Hard $60; Soft $40. any IAF Society may take Vol. 23 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 2001, 566p, Hard $85; Soft $60 the same discount. Vol. 24 The Origins And Technology Of The Advanced Extra-Vehicular Space Suit, 2001, 558p, Hard $85; Soft $60. Vol. 25 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 2003, 370p, Hard $85; Soft $60. Vol. 26 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 2005, 430p, Hard $95; Soft $70.

For more information about the AAS History Series, visit Univelt’s Web site.

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with D. M. Rubagotti, “Luigi Gussalli – Italian Katie J. Berryhill | [email protected] + Spaceflight Visionary” presented during World Space Nothing to report. Congress (2002) with A. Lasser, “David Lasser – An American Spaceflight Pioneer” presented during World Space Matthew Bille | [email protected] + Congress (2002) I am still an associate with the global consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton. Booz Allen has supported | [email protected] + my work on space projects, including funding a trip to Stephen E. Doyle Nothing to report. present the paper “Microspacecraft and the Vision for Space Exploration” in August at the Conference on Small Satellites. I am working, as time permits, on a Donald C. Elder | [email protected] + collection of U.S. military space exploits, tentatively See Pages 12-13: AAS History Series titled “Higher Ground,” and exploring book ideas to follow after that. Published works (since 2000) include: History of Rocketry and Astronautics, Vol. 27, Published works (since 2000) include: (American Astronautical Society Press: San Diego (2007). “Test and Evaluation: The Role of Microspacecraft,” Co-edited with Kerrie Dougherty. ITEA Space & Missile Test & Evaluation Symposium, History of Rocketry and Astronautics, Vol. 26, Colorado Springs, Colo., September 2006. (American Astronautical Society Press: San Diego (2005). “Microspacecraft and the Vision for Space Co-edited with George S. James. Exploration,” AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites, History of Rocketry and Astronautics, Vol. 25, Logan, Utah, August 2006. (American Astronautical Society Press: San Diego (2003). Shadows of Existence: Discoveries and Speculations in Co-edited with Hervé Moulin. Zoology, Hancock House (Summer 2006) History of Rocketry and Astronautics, Vol. 23, (American Astronautical Society Press: San Diego (2001). Co-edited with Christophe Rothmund. James Busby | [email protected] + See Page 2: “Report from former NASA site No. 19.”

R. Cargill Hall | [email protected] + Timothy M. Chamberlin | [email protected] + I continue to serve as editor of the “Human Published works (since 2000) include: Spaceflight” area for the Space Exploration and “National Space Policy and its Interaction with the U.S. Military Space Program,” George C. Marshall Institute, Humanity encyclopedia project. I attended the second Washington, D.C. (2006) X-Prize Cup in October in Las Cruces, N.M., and was “The Truth About Overflights,” in Robert Cowley, ed., pleased to see a series of well-illustrated, gigantic The Cold War, A Military History. New York: Random House, space history posters on display as visitors walked Inc. (2005) from the Las Cruces International Airport entrance to “Clandestine Victory: Eisenhower and Overhead Reconnaissance in the Cold War,” in Dennis E. Showalter, the main rocket launch viewing area. The posters were ed., Forging the Shield, Eisenhower and National security viewed by thousands of local elementary and middle for the 21st Century (Chicago: Imprint Publications (2005) school students who made an afternoon field trip to “The NRO in the 21st Century,” Quest: The History of the event. Spaceflight Quarterly, 11:3 (2004) “Richard K. Smith: An Appreciation,” with David Rosenberg, Air Power History, Summer 2004. Michael L. Ciancone | [email protected] +

Published works (since 2000) include: Continued on next page ®

PAGE 14 WWW.ASTRONAUTICAL.ORG MAY 2007 | ISSUE 3

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Continued from Page 14 “Launch Vehicles and the Development of Systems Engineering,” Quest: The History of Spaceflight Quarterly 11:1 (2004): 40-50. “The 14 April 1956 Overflight of Noril’sk, U.S.S.R.” Office “Systems Integration and the Social Solution of of the Historian, National Reconnaissance Office, August Technical Problems in Complex Systems,” in Andrea 2003. Prencipe, Andrew Davies, and Mike Hobday, eds., The “John L. McLucas, An Appreciation,” Office of the Business of Systems Integration, (Oxford: Oxford Historian, National Reconnaissance Office, January 2003. University Press, 2003), pp. 35-55. Ed., with Clayton Laurie, Early Cold War Overflights, “Creating Managerial Institutions and Processes for 1950-1956: Symposium Proceedings, 2 Volumes, Computing and Aerospace R&D,” Journal of Industrial (Washington, D. C.: National Reconnaissance Office, 2003). History 5:2 (2002): 21-49. “Early Years at the NRO: Interagency Dynamics and The Secret of Apollo: Systems Management in Organizational Myths,” (CIA) Studies in Intelligence, 46:2 American and European Space Programs (Baltimore: Johns (June 2002). Hopkins University Press, 2002). “A History of the Military Polar Orbiting Meteorological The United States Air Force and the Culture of Satellite Program,” Quest: The History of Spaceflight Innovation, 1945-1965 (Washington, D.C.: Air Force History Quarterly, 9:2 (2002). and Museums Program, 2002). “SAMOS to the Moon: the Clandestine Transfer of Reconnaissance Technology Between Federal Agencies,” Office of the Historian, National Reconnaissance Office, Dr. De Witt Douglas Kilgore | [email protected] + October 2001. I’ve been elected as an “editorial consultant” to “The NRO at Forty: Ensuring Global Information Science-Fiction Studies, the premier academic journal in Supremacy,” Office of the Historian, National Reconnaissance Office, July 2000. the field. You can find my name on the masthead at: “National Space and Defense Policies: Can They be http://www.depauw.edu/sfs/masthead.htm. Uncoupled?” Space Times, 39:1 (May/June 2000). James R. Kirkpatrick | [email protected] + Robert Jacobs | [email protected] + Nothing to report. Nothing to report. Dr. Roger D. Launius | [email protected] + Dr. Stephen B. Johnson | [email protected] + I delivered on Nov. 1 “National Security Space and I have been spending most of my time doing either the Course of Recent U.S. History,” as the Harmon engineering work for the Constellation Program, and Memorial Lecture at the U.S. Air Force Academy’s 21st continuing the general editing of the space history Military History Symposium. The Harmon Memorial encyclopedia project. I also gave a talk on “The Lecture is the oldest and most distinguished series Political Economy of Spaceflight” at the Societal sponsored by the Air Force Academy, and one of the Impact of Spaceflight Conference and the Society for nation’s leading annual lectures in military history and the History of Technology conference in the fall, and the history of military technology. am continuing to work on the final paper for the publi- I have also published “Interpreting the Moon cation that will result from the conference. Landings: Project Apollo and the Historians,” Technology in Society 22 (September 2006): 225-55, Published works (since 2000) include: which focuses on the key book-length studies of the “The History and Historiography of National Security Apollo program that landed American astronauts on Space,” in Steven J. Dick and Roger D. Launius, eds., Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight, SP-2006-4702 the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s and evaluates the (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2006), pp. 481-548. historiography about Apollo. “Introduction to Integrated System Health Engineering Additionally, I published with Richard H. and Management,” for the First International Forum on Integrated System Health Engineering and Management, Napa, California, November 2005. Continued on next page ®

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Continued from Page 15 Frontiers of Space Exploration, “Critical Events in the Twentieth Century” series (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998), Second Edition, 2003. Buenneke, Richard DalBello, and R. Cargill Hall a To Reach the High Frontier: A History of U.S Launch monograph entitled National Space Policy: Does it Vehicles (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2002). Matter? (Washington, DC: The George Marshall Co-edited with Dennis R. Jenkins. Institute, 2006). This is the result of a roundtable Imagining Space: Achievements, Possibilities, discussion that took place at the National Press Club, Projections, 1950-2050 (San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2001), with Howard E. McCurdy. Washington, D.C., on May 12, 2006, and is available on- Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the line at http://www.marshall.org/article.php?id=439. History of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume V: I also published, “Assessing the Legacy of the Exploring the Cosmos (Washington, DC: NASA SP 2001- Space Shuttle,” Space Policy 22 (November 2006): 226- 4407, 2001). Edited with John M. Logsdon, General Editor, and Amy Paige Snyder, Stephen J. Garber, and Regan Anne 34. This essay reviews the core legacies of the Space Newport. Shuttle program after 25 years and suggests that while Reconsidering Sputnik: Forty Years Since the Soviet it was not an unadulterated success on balance the Satellite (Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Harwood shuttle served a valuable role in the development of Academic, 2000). Edited with John M. Logsdon and Robert W. Smith. space flight and deserves an overall positive assess- ment in history. I should also mention that Howard McCurdy Gideon Marcus | [email protected] + (professor of public affairs in the public administration Nothing to report. and policy department at American University in Washington, D.C.) and I have forthcoming from the Dr. Trevor C. Sorenson | [email protected] + Johns Hopkins University Press in 2007 a book enti- After nearly seven years in the Aerospace tled, Robots and Humans in Space Flight: Technology, Engineering Department at the University of Kansas, I Evolution, and Interplanetary Travel. This study am leaving in mid-May to start my new job as a full explores the history and possible futures for specialist professor at the University of Hawaii at human/robotic space flight. Manoa (Honolulu). I will be the project manager for a new 150-kg microsatellite called STU-1, which is part of Published works (since 2000) include: the Leonidas Program of the Hawaii Space Flight Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the Laboratory. STU-1 is due to be launched into low Earth History of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume VI: Space and Earth Science. Washington, DC: NASA SP-2004-4007, orbit from Kauai in 2009. One of my colleagues at UH 2004. Edited with John M. Logsdon, General Editor, Stephen will be Dr. Paul Lucey, who was on the Clementine J. Garber, and Ray A. Williamson. science team. The university is encouraging my contin- National Space Policy: Does it Matter? Washington, ued participation in the various committees of which I DC: The George Marshall Institute, 2006. With Richard H. Buenneke, Richard DalBello, and R. Cargill Hall. am a member. Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight. Washington, DC: NASA SP-2006-4702, 2006. Edited with | [email protected] Steven J. Dick. Dr. Rick W. Sturdevant + In addition to fulfilling my normal responsibilities Flight: A Celebration of 100 Years in Art and Literature (New York: Welcome Books, 2003). Co-edited with Ann as deputy director of the Air Force Space Command Collins Goodyear, Anthony M. Springer, and Bertram Ulrich. Office of History, I continued as editor of the “Military Taking Off: A Century of Manned Flight (Reston, VA: Applications” area for the Space Exploration and American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003). Humanity encyclopedia project and as a member of the Co-edited with Jonathan Coopersmith. AAS Emme Award Selection Committee. Space Stations: Base Camps to the Stars (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books, 2003). Recipient of the 2003 AIAA History Manuscript Award. Continued on next page ®

PAGE 16 WWW.ASTRONAUTICAL.ORG MAY 2007 | ISSUE 3

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Continued from Page 16 Bodies” in Alexander H. Levis, ed., The Limitless Sky: Air Force Science and Technology Contributions to the Nation (Washington, DC: Air Force History and Museums Program, In September, I delivered the presentation “NAVS- 2004), 147-174, 251. TAR, the Global Positioning System: A Sampling of Its with Harry L. Van Trees, Harry D. Raduege, and Ronald Military, Civil, and Commercial Impact” at the Societal E. Thompson, “Military Satellite Communications: From Impact of Spaceflight Conference, sponsored by the Concept to Reality” in Alexander H. Levis, ed., The Limitless Sky: Air Force Science and Technology NASA History Office and National Air and Space Contributions to the Nation (Washington, DC: Air Force Museum at Hirshhorn Museum in Washington, D.C. History and Museums Program, 2004), 175-209. During October, I attended the USAF History and “Titan II—Historical Overview,” High Frontier: The Museums Program Worldwide Conference at Wright- Journal for Space & Missile Professionals 1, no. 2 (Fall 2004), 14-15. Patterson AFB, Ohio. “Report on the AAS 50th Annual Meeting,” Space At the beginning of November, I presented a paper Times 43, no. 2 (March-April 2004), 15-18. titled “Giving Voice to Global Reach, Global Power: “Report on the AAS 49th National Conference— Satellite Communications in U.S. Military Affairs, 1966- ‘Technologies and Partnerships: Innovations for Space 2006” at the 21st Military History Symposium — Exploration,’” Space Times 42, no. 2 (March-April 2003), 9-14. “Harnessing the Heavens: National Defense Through with David N. Spires, “Epilogue: ‘To the Very Limit of Our Ability’—Reflections on Forty Years of Military-Civil Space,” sponsored by the Department of History at the Partnership in Space Launch” in Roger D. Launius and USAF Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Two Dennis R. Jenkins, eds., To Reach the High Frontier: A weeks later, I attended the AAS national conference in History of U.S. Launch Vehicles (Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky Press, 2002), pp. 470-501. Pasadena, California. “Defense Support Program (DSP) and Missile Detection,” “NAVSTAR Global Positioning System,” and Published works (since 2000) include: “Satellites” in Air Warfare: An International Encyclopedia, Reviews of three books: Mark Erickson, Into the Walter J. Boyne, ed. (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, Unknown Together: The DOD, NASA, and Early Spaceflight 2002), vol. 1, 170-172; vol. 2, 446-447, 554-557. (2005) in Air Power History 53, no. 4 (Winter 2006), 49; Bob “Report on the AAS 48th National Conference— Ward, Dr. Space: The Life of Wernher von Braun (2005) in ‘Exploring the Solar System and Neighboring Planetary Air Power History 53, no. 3 (Fall 2006), 58; Clayton K. S. Systems,’” Space Times 41, no. 2 (March-April 2002), 10-15. Chun, Thunder over the Horizon: From V-2 Rockets to Ballistic Missiles (2006) in High Frontier: The Journal for “Report on the AAS 47th Annual Meeting—‘Preparing Space & Missile Professionals 2, no. 4 (August 2006), 66. the Way for International Human Exploration of Space,’” Space Times 40, no. 2 (March-April 2001), 10-15. “Report on the AAS National Conference and 52nd Annual Meeting—‘Building Bridges to Exploration: The Role “The Satellite—From Definite Possibility to Absolute of the International Space Station,’” Space Times 45, no. 1 Necessity: Five Decades of Technological Change,” in (January-February 2006), 14-20. Rebecca H. Cameron and Barbara Wittig, eds., Golden Legacy, Boundless Future: Essays on the United States Air “General Bernard Schriever on Space Superiority,” Force and the Rise of Aerospace Power (Washington, DC: High Frontier: The Journal for Space & Missile Air Force History and Museums Program, 2000), 311-326. Professionals 1, no. 3 (Winter 2005), 7-8. “Mapping a Course for Solar System Exploration—A “Global Positioning System (GPS),” “Radar, Long-Range Report on the AAS 46th Annual Meeting,” Space Times 39, Early Warning Systems,” “Satellites, Communications,” and no. 1 (January-February 2000), pp. 8-13. “Sonar,” in Encyclopedia of 20th-Century Technology, Colin A. Hempstead and William E. Worthington, Jr., eds. (New York: Routledge, 2005), vol. 1, 386-389; vol. 2, 628-632, 689- | [email protected] 692, 725-729. Frank H. Winter + “Report on the AAS 51st National Conference— ‘Transformation and Vision for Space: NASA’s Partnership Published works (since 2000) include: with Industry and Government,’” Space Times 44, no. 1 “Robert H. Goddard’s Liquid Oxygen Flask and Carrier – (January-February 2005), 15-18. with John H. Darrah and Forrest McCartney, “Space Flight: Long-Range Missiles, Rocket Planes, and Lifting Continued on next page ®

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Continued from Page 17 Simulation Shows, ca. 1901-1915 Part I,” in Donald C. Elder and Christophe Rothmund, eds., History of Rocketry and Spaceflight, AAS History Series, Vol. 23, IAA History 1920s,” pp. 14-15; “Liquid Oxygen Can and Protective Helmet, Symposia, Vol. 15 (published for the American Astronautical American Rocket Society – 1930s,” pp. 18-19; “Goddard 1935 Society by Univelt, Inc.: San Diego,California, 2001), pp. 133- Series A Rocket – 1935,” p. 21; “Goodyear Three-Stage 161. METEOR Jr. Spacecraft Model – Mid 1950s,” pp. 28-29; “Navaho “Goddard’s Meteor Mania,” The Griffith Observer (Los Missile Rocket Engine – Late 1950s,” pp. 30-31; “Bell Rocket Angeles) October 2000, pp. 2-17. Belt No. 2 – Late 1950s,” pp. 32-33; “Redstone Missile – Late 1950s-early 1960s,” pp. 54-55; “Missile Mobile – 1958,” p. 56; “The Enigmatic Mr. Hale and His Rockets,” Journal of the “The Agena-B – 1966,” pp. 62-63; “F-1 Rocket Engine – 1966,” British Interplanetary Society 53, no. 5/6 (May-June 2000), pp. pp. 114-115; “The Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) – 1980s- 153-62. 1990s,” pp. 192-193; “Pegasus XL Launch Vehicle – 2004,” pp. “Preliminary Investigations of the Rockets in the Water 18-19; in Dr. Martin Collins, ed., After Sputnik – 50 Years of the Splashing Festival in Yunnan, China, and Its Connection with Space Age (Smithsonian Books in association with Harper Bang Fai and Ryusei Rocket,” Proceedings of The 2nd Collins Publishers, Inc.: New York, 2007) International Ryusei Rocket Symposium – June 3, 2000 [part nd with Akira Kubozono, “Festival Rockets in Thailand, Laos, of the 22 International Symposium on Space Technology Japan, and China: A Case Study of Early Technology Transfer and Science (ISTS), Marioka and Tohno City, Iwate nd — Part 1,” in Kerrie Dougherty, ed, History of Rocketry and Prefecture, Japan, 28 May-4 June 2000] (22 ISTS Organizing nd Astronautics, AAS History Series, Vol. 27 (Published for the Committee and the 22 ISTS Executive Committee of Iwate American Astronautical Society by Univelt, San Diego, 2007), Prefecture, [Tohno, Iwate, Prefecture, Japan 2000], pp. 3-30. pp. 213-269. with Frank R. van der Linden, “Out of the Past,” monthly “The Birth and Rise of `Astronautics’: The REP-Hirsch (since Sept. 1972), in Aerospace America. Astronautical Prize 1928-1940,” Quest, Vol. 14, No. 1 [Jan.] 2007, pp. 36-43. with Dominck A. Pisano and F. Robert van der Linden, Chuck Yeager and the Bell X-1 Breaking the Sound Barrier (Harry N. Abrams, Inc.: New York, 2006) “Rocketdyne — A Giant Pioneer in Rocket technology: The Earliest Years, 1945-1955,” in Donald C. Elder and George S. James, eds., History of Rocketry and Astronautics – Proceedings of the Thirty-First History Symposium of the International Congress of Astronautics, AAS History Series, Vol. 26 (Published for the American Astronautical Society by Univelt, San Diego, 2005), pp. 65-93. “Rocket Propulsion, Liquid Propellant,” in Colin A. Hempstead, Ed., Encyclopedia of 20th-Century Technology (Routledge: New York and London, 2005), pp. 683-685. Winter, Frank and Robert F. van der Linden, 100 Years of Flight A Chronicle of Aerospace History 1903-2003, (American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.: Reston,Va., 2003, 2004.) “The ‘Trip to the Moon’ and Other Early Spaceflight Simulation Shows ca. 1901-1915: Part 2,” in Hervé Moulin and Donald C. Elder, eds., History of Rocketry and Astronautics, AAS History Series, Vol. 25 (published for the American Astronautical Society by Univelt, Inc.: San Diego, 2003), pp. 3- 28. “Gunpowder and Rocketry,” in David Levinson, General Editor, Encyclopedia of Modern Asia (Scribners: New York, 2002). “Romick’s Radical Rockets,” Timeline (Ohio Historical Society, Columbus Ohio) 19, No. 2 (March/April 2002), pp. 40- 53. “The ‘Trip to the Moon’ and Other Early Spaceflight

PAGE 18 WWW.ASTRONAUTICAL.ORG MAY 2007 | ISSUE 3

¢ COMMITTEE CONTACT INFORMATION

MICHAEL L. CIANCONE, DR. STEVEN J. DICK DR. DE WITT DOUGLAS FRANK H. WINTER CHAIR NASA History Office KILGORE Department of Space History NASA Johnson Space Center NASA Headquarters Bloomington, IN National Air and Space Museum Houston, TX Washington, DC [email protected] Smithsonian Institution 281-483-8848 202-358-0383 Washington, DC [email protected] [email protected] DR. ROGER D. LAUNIUS 202-633-2421 Division of Space History [email protected] JAMES R. KIRKPATRICK STEPHEN E. DOYLE Smithsonian Institution (Ex Officio) Shingle Springs, CA Washington, DC Executive Director 916-761-3783 202-633-2428 American Astronautical Society [email protected] [email protected] Springfield, VA 703-866-0020 DR. DONALD C. ELDER GIDEON MARCUS [email protected] History Department Vista, CA Eastern New Mexico University 760-630-6849 KATIE J. BERRYHILL Portales, NM [email protected] American Public University 505-562-2438 System 505-562-2601 (direct) DR. TREVOR C. SORENSEN Benicia, CA [email protected] Department of Aerospace 707-745-1405 Engineering [email protected] R. CARGILL HALL Kansas University Woodbridge, VA Lawrence, KS MATTHEW BILLE 703-497-4322 785-864-2974 Booz Allen Hamilton [email protected] [email protected] Colorado Springs, CO 719-387-2062 ROBERT JACOBS KATHERINE SCOTT 719-648-4121 (cell) Univelt Incorporated STURDEVANT [email protected] San Diego, CA Chair of History 760-746-4005 Communication, Humanities, and JAMES BUSBY [email protected] Technical Studies Division Mojave, CA Rampart Range Campus of Pikes 310-464-7445 DR. STEPHEN B. JOHNSON Peak Community College [email protected] Institute for Science and Space Colorado Springs, CO Studies 719-502-3146 TIMOTHY M. CHAMBERLIN University of Colorado at Colorado [email protected] Columbia, SC Springs 803-338-0514 Larkspur, CO DR. RICK W. STURDEVANT [email protected] 719-487-9833 (home office) Deputy Command Historian 719-238-8244 (cell) Air Force Space Command [email protected] AFSPC/HO Peterson AFB, CO 719-554-3081 [email protected]

WWW.ASTRONAUTICAL.ORG PAGE 19 EXPLORER 2 NEWSLETTER OF THE AAS HISTORY COMMITTEE

Unique moments inlooking the history of rocketry andback astronautics 50th anniversary of spaceflight

< June 3 issue A Naval Research Laboratory technician examines the silvery coating of a partly- finished satellite shell.

< Sept. 2 issue From the edge of space: Major David Simons takes his own portrait as he reaches an altitude of 100,000 feet in a high- altitude balloon as part of Project Man High.

< Oct. 21 issue Scientists working at M.I.T. in Cambridge, Mass., try to calculate the orbit of Sputnik 1. J. Allen Hynek (top), Fred < Nov. 18 issue L. Whipple (left), and Don Lautman are pictured. Wernher von Braun stands beside a model of a moon rocket he designed for Disney.

PAGE 20 1957WWW.ASTRONAUTICAL.ORG MAY 2007 | ISSUE 3

¢ OBITUARY Walter Schirra, one of the original Mercury 7

Walter M. “Wally” Schirra Jr., one of NASA’s original Mercury Seven astronauts, died Thursday, May 3, of a heart attack. He was 84. Known for flying “textbook” missions and having a prodigious sense of humor, Schirra was the only astronaut to fly into space during Mercury, Gemini and Apollo, the first three manned U.S. spaceflight programs. While Schirra never walked on the Moon, he played a pivotal role helping NASA get there. Schirra piloted the fifth Mercury flight, Sigma 7, on Oct. 3, 1962, when the United States and former Soviet Union were in a tense political strug- gle to gain technological superiority over one another. While the rivalry between both superpowers intensi- fied, Schirra commanded Gemini 6, the first rendezvous of two manned maneuverable spacecraft. Launched in December 1965, Schirra and co-pilot Tom Stafford steered their spacecraft to within a few inches of Gemini 7. The historic mission was instrumental in perfecting orbital rendezvous procedures, which ultimately allowed astronauts to land on the Moon and return to Earth. Schirra also commanded Apollo 7, a 1968 mission that put NASA back on track to reach the Moon after the Apollo 1 fire — a tragedy that claimed the lives of astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee, and halted U.S. piloted spaceflights for nearly two years.

Schirra logged a total of 295 NASA hours and 15 minutes in space. Astronaut Walter M. Schirra, Jr., looks out a window on the ninth day of the Apollo 7 — Tim Chamberlin Earth orbital mission in the fall of 1968.

WWW.ASTRONAUTICAL.ORG PAGE 21 EXPLORER 2 NEWSLETTER OF THE AAS HISTORY COMMITTEE

Satellites, Vol. 1 (1960) ® FROM THE CHAIRMAN’S DESK Special note Continued from cover I Gurney & Gurney, The Launching of Sputnik (1975) The NASA History News and Notes Killian, Sputnik, Scientists and newsletter is available online at: participants and planners — these are I http://history.nasa.gov/nltrc.pdf Eisenhower: A Memoir of the First Special particularly critical as the passing years Previous editions of the NASA History whittles away at the roster. Although Assistant to the President for Science and News and Notes newsletter are Technology (1977) available in pdf and html format at: memoirs do not always withstand the http://history.nasa.gov/histnews.htm rigor of academic scrutiny, they I Divine, The Sputnik Challenge: Eisenhower's Response to the Soviet American Astronautical nonetheless provide color commentary Society and are important additions for the Satellite (1993) America’s network of space unique perspective they provide. I Harford, Korolev: How One Man pr¬ ofessionals In an attempt to get my literary arms Masterminded the Soviet Drive to Beat ¬Network, not just an organization. around what has already been published America to the Moon (1997) ¬Space professionals, technical and on Sputnik, I compiled a short reading I Launius et al (eds.), Reconsidering non-technical. list of books (sorted chronologically by Sputnik: Forty Years Since the Soviet Satellite (2000) Dedicated to advancing date of publication), ranging from juve- all space activities nile literature to scholarly research to I Dickson, Sputnik: Shock of the Century Solely to space “pop” pieces intended for the general (2001) ¬ To helping the people, the profession audience. I invite your comments or I Siddiqi, Sputnik and the Soviet Space and¬ the enterprise flourish updates to the list: Challenge (2003). ¬To harnessing the energy and Bergaust & Beller, Satellite! (1956) I Bille & Lishock, The First Space Race: capability of our members to make a I difference! I Moore, Earth Satellites (1956) Launching the First Earth Satellites I Lewellen, The Earth Satellite: Man’s (2004) 6352 Rolling Mill Place First True Space Adventure (1957) Chertok, Rockets and People: Creating Suite 102 I Springfield, VA 22152-2354 I Sternfeld, Soviet Writings on Earth a Rocket Industry, Volume II (2006) Satellites and Space Travel (1958) In the meantime, plans are under- Email: [email protected] Phone: 703-866-0020 | 703-866-3526 I Vassiliev, Sputnik into Space (1958) way for the AAS National Meeting in Houston in November. I hope to see I Gilzin, Sputniks and After: The Soviet The American Astronautical Society’s Account of Travel in Space (1959) y’all then! History Committee publishes Explorer quarterly. To receive Explorer via e-mail, I Kurnosova (ed.), Artificial Earth — Mike Ciancone send a message to: [email protected]. You will receive confirmation that your e-mail address has been added to the AAS History Committee’s electronic e-mail list for the newsletter. On the horizon The latest issue of this newsletter is available at the American Astronautical Society’s Web site. Please visit: What the AAS History Committee has in the works www.astronautical.org/AASexplorer.pdf for its summer newsletter Tim Chamberlin is editor and designer of Explorer. We welcome comments about the content and format of this AAS history series expanding newsletter. Send comments to: [email protected]. Several new volumes are planned for the AAS History Series. Look for an updated list in the next issue.

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