Chronology of Navy Women

Home , Alene Duerk, Battenberg Cup, Kathleen Byerly, USS Dolphin (1836), USS Dolphin (AGSS-555), USS Dolphin (SS-169)

MAGAZINE OF THE U. S. NAVY - 56th YEAR OF PUBLICATION N O V E M B E R 1978 NUMBER 1978 NOVEMBER 742 Features 6 WOMEN ON SEA DUTY Four shipsdetailed as forerunners in historic change

12 MISSISSIPPI PRECOMMISSIONING DUTY Key crew members pave the way for others

21 RETENTION CONFERENCE Three-day meeting results in 150recommendations Page 6 22 MARINES ATSEA USS Eisenhower's detachment fills a vital role

26 BATTENBERGCUP Navy revives an old award with new twists

31 USS FOSTER -AN IMPRESSIVE SHIP-OF-THE-LINE By any yardstick, USS Foster presents a challenge

34 EARTH'S FINAL FRONTIER Task Force 199 supports science on the White Continent

39 EDUCATION KEEPS PACE ABOARD NEWPORT AND JASON Instructor and students reap benefits from program

44 NOTHING'S SLOW ABOUT SLOW PITCH SOFTBALL Navy women hold their own in interservice competition

46 MINUTEMEN - 'MOUNT-OUT' IN A HURR'Y Time is the important factor in NMCB 62's response

Departments 2 Currents 18 Grains of Salt 28 Bearings 42 RightsandBenefits 48 Mail Buoy

Covers Front: Penguins in the Antarctic, Photo by LT Phillip Kazanjian. See page 34. At left: USS Mississippi ICGN 40) duringtrials off Virginia coast. NewportNews Shipbuild- ing and Dry Dock photo. See page 12.

Chief of Naval Operations: ADMThomas B. HaywardStaff: LTJG James Mulvey Chief of Information: RADM David M. Cooney DM1 Ed Markham OIC Navy Internal Relations Act.: CAPT James E. Wentz JO1 Jerry Atchison Dir. Print.Media Div. (NIRA): LT Tim Beecher JO1 (SS) Pete Sundberg Editor: John F. Coleman PH1 Terry Mitchell News Editor: Joanne E. Dumene JO1 Dan Wheeler Production Editor: LTJG Chris Zebrowski J02 Davida Matthews Art Editor: Michael Tuffli J03 Fran Bir Layout Edltor: Richard Hosier Edward Jenkins Page 22 Research Editor: Catherine D. Fellows Elaine McNeil Currents

Congressional Wrap-up 0 New sea pay rates and a changeto the U. S. Code which will allow women to serve in some Navy ships were two important measurespassed by Congress before it adjourned last month.As a result, 430 women will report for sea duty aboard 21 Navy ships in the next year. Ultimately, theNavy plans to assign 4,950 enlisted women and204 female officers to non-combatants. Congress also increased seapay for seagoing petty officers based on cumulative years of sea duty. A grandfather clause will protect non-petty officers currently receiving sea pay. Congress authorized renewed payment of enlistment and selective re-enlistment bonuses (SRB/EB) and special pay for health profes- sionals, both of which were suspendedon Oct. 1. A nuclear-powered aircraft carrier was not included - nor was a measureto consolidate basic helicopter pilot training for the Army andNavy. Approval was given for construction of 13 new ships and 104 aircraft, including nine F-18s and 36 F-14s. An amendment which would permit abortionsin military hospitals under specific circum- stances also was approved. Congress authorized $95 million for development of the light airborne multi purpose system (LAMPS) Mk I11 program, and another $80 million for development of the surface effect ship(SES) program.

New Ensign To LTJG Promotion Policy Outlined 0 Promotions from ensign to LTJG now are effective only after Senate confirmation ofregular officers and acceptance in writing byall ensigns being promoted. It’s a two-step process. First, the Senate must con- firm the appointment of any regular officer. Second, the officer, whetherreg- ular or reserve, must sign an acceptance of promotion on the day ofeligibility. To ensure officers are notified in advance, BUPERS will send out monthly ALNAVs listing ensigns authorized for LTJG promotion. Further information about the new policyis co,ntained in ALNAV 046/78.

CNO Cancels 94 Required Reports 0 Chief of Naval Operations Admiral ThomasB. Hayward has ordered cancellation of 94 recurring reports and taken stepsto cutback on another 76 reports. CNO took the action after a review board recommended cancellation of 194 reports required of the operating forces. The cancellations are a partof the program to reduce the administrative burden on fleet units. The complete list of cancelled reports is contained in NAVOP 97/78.

SecNav Energy Conservation Award Winners Announced 0 Secretary of the Navy W. Graham Claytor Jr. announced winners of the first annual Secretaryof the Navy Energy Conservation Awards for 1978. Ships (large) - USSJohn F. Kennedy (CV 67); Ships (small) - USS Blakely (FF 1072); Aviation Squadrons - Air Test and Evaluation Squadron One (VX 1);Navy Shore Activities (large) - Pacific Missile Test Center, Point Mugu, Calif.; Navy Shore Activities (small) - NavSecGruAct, Winter Harbor, Maine; Naval Industrial Facilities-Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

ALL HANDS New CNO Sitrep 30 Film Series In Distribution 0 The first CNO Sitrep 30, a regular Navy news and feature presentation in film and videotape format,is on its way to fleet activities. The new CNO Sitrep 30 covers a varietyof topics in a 30-minute program.

New No-Smoking Regs In BuMed Buildings 0 BuMed has established a no-smoking policy in its elevators, shuttle vehicles, auditoriums, conference rooms and classrooms. No-smoking signs soon will be posted and ash trays will be removed from areas no longerdesig- nated for smoking. Naval hospitals, regional medical and dental centers, and regional medical clinics are some of theBuMed activities affected by the new regulations. Smoking will still be permitted in private offices, staff lounges and other designated areas. In work areas shared by smokers and non-smokers, smoking will be permitted only if ventilation can remove the smoke from the work area. Smoking by non-patient personnel is prohibited in patient care areas. Patients may smoke in dezignated areas, but will be discouraged from smoking at all. BuMed Instruction 6200.10, which outlines details of the program, directs health care professionalsin the Navy medical department to lead the way in encouraging programs and procedures whichwill decrease smoking.

Air Training Command Receives Top Priority 0 Jet aviators in the grades of lieutenant commander and below who are notactively involved in the operation of jet aircraft arebeing screened for possible reassignment to instructor duty. Instructor pilot manning has received top priority recentlybecause of a lower than planned pilot training rate. As a result, theNaval Air Training Command is increasing the number of instructor pilots by about one-third. The additional instructors arebeing recalle3 from the fleet, and theNaval Reserve. They also are being selected from newly designated flight training graduates and aviators in shore billets not directly involved in flying. Jet pilots in naval postgraduate school, service colleges and other duty under instruction assignments, aswell as those scheduled for rotation to sea duty before next January, are exempt from this program. Aviators selected for instructor duty will be contacted both through their commands and directly by their detailers. Pilots who wish to volunteer for the program are encouraged to contact their detailers. Instructors will serve 14- to 18- month tours and will receive a guaranteed operational assignment following the tour at Naval Air Training Command. Propeller and helicopter pilots will continue to receive fleet assignments upon designation asnaval aviators.

Third Shipbuilding Claim Settlement Announced 0 With the signing of a claims settlement with Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company announced recently, the Navy has settled the last of $2.7 billion in contract claims with its three major shipbuilders. In June, the Navy settled contract disputes with Litton Industries and General Dynamics. Under the most recent settlement, theNavy will pay approximately $165 million of the $742 million in claims filed by Newport News during 1975 and 1976. The settlement resolved claims and contract issues involved in the construction of 13 nuclear-powered attack submarines, guidedmissile cruisers and aircraft carriers.

November 1978 3 Maternity Uniform Ahwance Approved 0 A $36 maternity uniform allowance for pregnant enlisted women has been authorized effective Oct.1. Optional wear of either the maternity uniform or appropriate civilian attire is permitted through the remainder of this year. Women who will be released from active duty before Jan.1, 1979, may not draw the maternity uniform allowance. After Jan.1, wear of the. maternity uniform will be mandatory forall pregnant women in theNavy when a uniform is prescribed and regular uniforms no longer fit.

Belleau Wood Commissioned 0 USS Belleau Wood (LHA 3), third of five in a new class of amphibious assault ships, was commissioned in Pascagoula, Miss., on Sept. 23. Vice Admi- ral James B. Stockdale, President of the Naval War College, was principal speaker at the ceremony. Belleau Wood’s primary mission is amphibious assault. The ship can embark, deploy and land a fully equippedMarine assault force by helicopter, landing craft or a combination of the two. Armament includes three lightweight five-inch/54-caliber guns,air defense missiles and six 20mm machine guns.

Commissary Bagger Fees Delayed Until December 31 0 Baggers at Navy commissary stores in the U. S., Guam and Puerto Rico will continue to receive just tips through Dec. 31 this year. The shift to salaries was originally scheduled to take place on Sept. 30. The second postponement will give Congress time to complete action on a proposal which would exempt baggers in armed forces commissaries from coverage under the Fair Labor Standards Act. If the legislation is passed, baggers would continue to receive tips only. An earlier ruling wouldhave made baggers salaried employees and charged commissary store shoppers up to two percent extra on their grocery bills for the bagging service.

Civil Service To Begin “Flextime” Experiment 0 Some U. S. Government activities will begin experimenting with flexible work hours for their civilian federal employees next year, including such variations as four, 10-hour-day work weeks. The Civil Service Commis- sion will study the effects of “flextime”plans on efficiency, service to the public, use of mass transit facilities, energy consumption, full-time and part-time employment opportunities, andindividuals and families.

Navy Runners First And Second In Military At Athens Marathon0 Lieutenant Paul M. Nichols from Naval Communica- tions Station, Rota, Spain, finished first among military runners and 14thover- all in the annual Athens Marathon race heldin Greece on Oct. 9. The39-year- old Nichols completed the 26-mile footrace with a time of two hours and43 minutes. Placing second among military runners and 20thoverall was Elec- tronics Technician Second Class Kevin J. Setnes of Naval Communications Area Master Station Mediterranean, Naples, Italy. The 83 Navy runners represented shore commands throughout Europe, and fleet unitsUSS Albany, USS Canopus and USS Forrestal.

4 ALL HANDS Monthly basic pay effective 1 October 1978 Years of service PAY UNDER GRADE 2 2 3 4 16 8 14 10 12 18 22 26 Commissioned Officers 0-10 3298.20 3414.30 3414.30 3414.30 3414.30 3545.10 3545.10 3816.90 3816.90 4089.90* 4089.90* 4363.50* 4363.50* 4635.60* 0-9 2923.20 3000.00 3063.60 3063.60 3063.60 3141.90 3141.90 3272.10 3272.10 3545.10 3545.10 3816.90 3816.90 4089.90* 0-8 2647.50 2727.00 2791.80 2791.80 2791.80 3000.00 3000.00 3141.90 3141.90 3272.10 3414.30 3545.10 3687.30 3687.30 0-7 2199.90 2349.60 2349.60 2349.60 2454.90 2454.90 2597.40 2597.40 2727.00 3000.00 3206.10 3206.10 3206.10 3206.10 0-6 1630.50 1791.90 1908.60 1908.60 1908.60 1908.60 1908.60 1908.60 1973.40 2286.00 2403.00 2454.90 2597.40 2817.00 0-5 1304.40 1531.80 1637.40 1637.40 1637.40 1637.40 1687.20 1777.50 1896.30 2038.50 2155.80 2220.60 2298.30 2298.30 0-4 1099.50 1338.30 1428.00 1428.00 1454.10 1518.90 1622.10 1713.60 1791.90 1869.90 1922.10 1922.10 1922.10 1922.10 0.3 1021.80 1142.10 1220.70 1350.90 1415.40 1466.70 1545.30 1622.10 1662.00 1662.00 1662.00 1662.00 1662.00 1662.00 0-2 890.70 972.90 1168.80 1208.10 1233.00 1233.00 1233.00 1233.00 1233.00 1233.00 1233.00 1233.00 1233.00 1233.00 0-1 773.10 804.90 972.90 972.90 972.90 972.90 972.90 972.90 972.90 972.90 972.90 972.90 972.90 972.90 Commissioned Officers with over 4 years’active service as enlisted members 0. 0. 0-3 0. 0. 1350.90 1415.40 1466.70 1545.30 1622.10 1687.20 1687.20 1687.20 1687.20 1687.20 1687.20 0.2 0. 0. 0. 1208.10 1233.00 1272.30 1338.30 1389.90 1428.00 1428.00 1428.00 1428.00 1428.00 1428.00 0-1 0. 0. 0. 972.90 1039.20 1077.60 1116.60 1155.60 1208.10 1208.10 1208.10 1208.10 1208.10 1208.10 Warrant Officers w-4 1040.70 1116.60 1116.69 1142.10 1134.30 1246.80 1293.00 1389.90 1454.10 1505.70 1545.30 1596.00 1649.40 1777.50 w -3 946.20 1026.30 1026.30 1039.20 1051.50 1128.30 1194.30 1233.00 1272.30 1310.40 1350.90 1403.10 1454.10 1505.70 w-2 828.60 896.10 896.10 322.20 972.90 1026.30 1065.00 1104.00 1142.10 1182.00 1220.70 1259.40 1310.40 1310.40 w-1 690.30 791.70 791.70 857.40 896.10 934.80 972.90 1013.10 1051.50 1030.20 1128.30 1168.80 1168.80 1168.80 Enlisted members E-9 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1182.30 1209.30 1236.30 1265.40 1293.30 1318.50 1388.10 1522.80 E-8 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 992.10 1019.70 1047.00 1074.60 1102.50 1128.00 1155.90 1223.70 1360.20 E.7 692.70 747.60 775.50 802.20 830.10 856.20 883.50 911.10 952.20 979.20 1006.80 1019.70 1088.40 1223.70 E-6 598.20 652.20 679.50 708.00 734.40 761.40 789.30 830.10 856.20 883.50 897.00 897.00 897.00 897.00 E-5 525.30 571.50 599.40 625.50 666.30 693.60 721 20 747.60 761.40 761.40 761.40 761.40 761.40 761.40 E-4 504.90 533.10 564.30 608.40 632.40 632.40 632.40 632.40 632.40 632.40 632.40 632.40 632.40 632.40 E-3 485.40 512.10 532.80 553.80 553.80 553.80 553.80 553.80 553.80 553.80 553.80 553.80 553.80 553.80 E-2 467.40 467.40 467.40 467.40 467.40 467.40 467.40 467.40 467.40 467.40 467.40 467.40 467.40 467.40 E-1 419.40 419.40 419.40 419.40 419.40 419.40 419.40 419.40 419.40 419.40 419.40 419.40 419.40 419.40

Whileserving as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chief of Hlghest EnllstedRank. While serving as Sergeant Major of the Staff of the Army. Chief of Naval Operations, Chief of Staff of Army, Master Chlef Petty Officer of the Navy. Chlef Master Ser- the Air Force, or Commandant of the Marine Corps, basic pay for geant of the Air Force, or Sergeant Majorof the Marlne Corps, this grade is $5,114.70 regardless of cumulative years of service basic pay for thls grade is $1,851.00 regardless of cumulative years of servlce. (See below). OASD (MRA&L) MPP * Basic pay IS limited to $3,95820 byLevel V of the Executive Compensation Schedule. 1. ~-.””.nrtfihm 10111.“,_ Monthly basic allowance for quarters rates Pay Without Dependents With Payment of the full rate of basic allowance for quarters at these Grade Dependents rates for members of the uniformed services to personnel without Full Rate’ RatePartial dependents is authortzed by 37 United States Code 403 and Part IV of Executive Order 11157, as amended. Commissioned Officers 0-10 $357.90 $50.70 $447.60 0-9 357.90 50.70 447.60 Payment of the partlal rate of basicallowance for quarters at 0-8 357.90 50.70 447.60 these rates to members of the uniformed services without depen- 0.7 357.90 50.70 447.60 dents who, under 37 United States Code 403(b) or 403(c), are not 0-6 321.30 39.60 391.80 entitled to the full rate of basic allowance for quarters, is author- 0.5 296.10 33.00 356.70 ized by 37 United States Code 1009(d) and Part IV of Executive 0-4 263.70 26.70 318.30 Order 11157, as amended. 0.3 231.90 22.20 286.20 0-2 201.30 17.70 254.70 0.1 156.90 13.20 204.60 Warrant Officers Basic allowance for subsistence rates w-4 $254.10 $25.20 $306.60 w.3 226.50 20.70 279.30 Officers: $62.80 per month w.2 197.10 15.90 250.50 w-1 177.30 13.80 230.40 Enlisted Members: Enlisted Members E.9 $191.70 $18.60 $269.70 When on leave or authorized to mess E.8 176.70 15.30 249.30 separately: $ 3.00 per day E-7 150.30 12.00 231.90 E-6 136.50 9.90 213.30 When rationsin-kind are not available: $ 3.38 per day E-5 131.10 8.70 195.90 E-4 115.80 8.10 172.50 When assigned to duty under emergency E-3 103.50 7.80 150.30 conditions where no messing facilities E-2 91.50 7.20 150.30 of the United States are available: $ 4.48 per day E-1 86.40 6.90 150.30

November 1978 5 WOMEN on s EA DUTY President Carter’s signature on the military services-is a Navy-sponsored officers en route to a shipboard billet. most recentDepartment of Defense amendment to Section 6015, Title 10, The change in law also means women Authorization Bill (see Currents in this U.S. Code. That law prohibited assign- will be eligible to command non-com- issue) has, among other things, ,opened ing women to aircraft and ships other batant ships authorized for permanent up a course staked out by Navy plan- than hospital ships and transport ves- assignment of womenand for which nersover the past two years: the sels, neither of which the Navy now theyhave the requisite seniority and assignment of Navy women aboard has in commission. experience. ship for duty. Now, womenmay be assigned to Women not assigned to a permanent Included in that bill-which.provides seaduty aboard auxiliary andnon- seaduty billet may also find them- Fiscal Year 1980 operating funds to the combatant ships and to temporary ad- selves performing periodsof temporary ditional duty (for six months or less), additional duty (TAD) aboard ships for onany ship, submarine or squadron a variety of reasons. not expected to be assigned a combat Enlisted women may go TAD for mission duringthe period. at-sea experience and on-the-job train- The Nav,y drafted and sponsored the ing; ,for ship’s force augmentation dur- amendmentbecause of thenational ing fleet .exercises,carrier qualifica- goal toensure equal opportunity for tions, inspectionand survey trials or women throughout the work force and during overhaul; as members of opera- the projected decrease in the number tional test andevaluation forces con- of males availableto recruit in the ducting research .and development 1980s and beyond. functions; and to assist ships as mem- The effects of the. amended law are bers of mobile training units and ship’s many and range Navywide, . not the qualifications assist teams. least of which will be expanded career Women officers will be .eligible opportunities for Navy women. for seagoingTAD for the above rea- sonsplus for midshipman training; Career Opportunities basic Surface Warfare Officer training; Inthe wake of theamendment’s pilot training; fleet exercises; intelli- passage, five additional ratings will be gence gathering missions; inspection opened to enlisted women: instrument- teams andstaff corps augmentations man,molder, opticalman, pattern- (such as in medical and supply depart- maker and precision instrumentman. ments). This will leave only 11 ratings in the Navy closed to women. Those closed Women in the Navy ratings are allseagoing or combat-re- Expanded career opportunities for lated jobs. Navy women plus the decreasing num- Increasing the number of ratings and ber of enlistment-eligiblemales over seagoingbillets open to enlisted thenext few years willmean a dou- women also requires a proportionate bling of the number of women now on increase in the number attending Class active duty in the Navy to a projected “A” schools as well as sea duty train- 40,000 female members by1983. Dur- ing programssuch as firefightingand ing thissame period, thenumber of damage control. Additionally, plans are shipboard duty enlisted women will go being developed to eventually train all fromthis year’s 375 to 4,950. For womenE-5 and above in possession women officers, the numbers assigned of orders to shipboard duty, in Lead- to shipboard billets will go fi-om 55 to ership and Management Education and 204. Training (LMET). And while duty aboard ship will not For womenofficers who havenot be a prerequisitefor promotion or previously attended the course, attend- advancement of Navy women, it will ance at Surface Warfare Officer School enhance the competitiveness of Navy willbe required for unrestricted line womenrelative to menin certain ca- -7 reer fields or ratingswhich are more highly structured plan tointegrate womenofficers and 375 enlisted directly related to sea assignments. womeninto the seagoing Navy. And womenwill be permanentlyassigned Navy planners are convinced it will be to the crews of four ships: USS Vulcan Lessons Learned successful, based on the USS Sanctu- aR 5), USS L. Y. Spear (AS 36), A few years ago, the Navy hospital ary experience andthe reports from USS Norton Sound (AVM 1) and USS ship USS Sanctuary wasdecommis- theCoast Guard, whichrecently as- Samuel Gompers (AD 37) and a fifth sioned and her male and female crew- signed women aboard their ships. ship to be named at a future date. thefirst in Navy history-was dis- Whileaboard Sanctuary, Navy These ships were selected because: persed.The lessons Navy planners women demonstrated theirability to 0 Theyare representative of the learned from their first experience with perform shipboard functions with ease, various hull typeswhich were ap- mixed crews have worked as a positive expertise and dedication equal to that proved for womenunder the legisla- framework for developing the present shown by men, according to reports of tion. plan to assign women aboard ship. the integration of that hospital ship. Theyneeded little in the way of That's why the assignment of Navy modifications to theirberthing spaces women to five ships this year cannot The First Year toaccommodate women; therefore, be called an experiment. It is part of a During the coming year, about 16 minimum cost was involved. 0 Theygeographically represent both U.S.coasts. ") 8' An additional 16 ships have been I tentatively slated to receive 39 women officers.Because of accommodations andinventory constraints, enlisted womenwill not be assigned to these ships during the first year. Currently,the Navy inventory shows 49 shipsthat could feasibly includewomen in their crews under the provisions of the law. By Fiscal Year 1983, Navyplanners see this number of eligible ships growing to 62. In staffing theships, planners are seeking a 25 percent minimumlevel within ratings. During the first year of the program, however, only 10 percent of the crews willbe women. Thisis due to a shortage of enlisted women in skillspreviously not performed by women or considered non-traditional in the past, thesmall number of senior female petty officers, and the need for femaleofficers to acquire sea experience before assignment to senior leadership positions. Most of the women initially going to sea are volunteers solicited earlier this year.This gives highly motivated women desiring such duty the opportunity to serve in the first, limited number of female sea billets. Future assignments will be. made of those reaching their projected rotation date, just as male assignments are presently made. It is important, therefore, for Navy women tohave a current Enlisted DutyPreference Card (NAVPERS

ALL HANDS 1306/63) on file with their detailer that As mentioned, entrance ofwomen updatedand better detergents will be also indicates ship type and homeport into the previouslyall-male’ environ- used for washing more delicate fabrics. duty preferences. ment of life at sea will mean physical Otherdetailing requirements of as- changes to the ships involved. Medical Aspects signing women to sea are: Womenassigned tosea duty will Whenwomen go tosea, a prime Pregnantwomen will not be as- find separate butequal berthing and consideration willbe theircontinued signed to seaduty. Womenwho dis- head facilities. Basically, the only ma- good health and well-being. The impact cover their pregnancy after assignment jor modifications necessary will be to this will haveon medical and dental will be transferred to shore duty at an close off berthing compartments, re- departments hasbeen evaluated with appropriate time determined by the route the traffic which commonly runs the following conclusions: commanding officer and the Bureau of through those berthing spaces,and Since a tooth is a tooth, the dental Naval Personnel. modify the plumbing in heads adjoining department will not be affected except Husbandsand wives will not be women’s berthing areas. Since no bar- for the assignment of female dentists assigned duty aboard the same ship berfacilities willbe available exclu- (when possible) and dental technicians but will continue to beassigned the sively for women and commercial hair as ship’s company. samehome port as provided for by dryers will notbe installed in the Some sick bay areas may have to current policy. “unisex” shops, electrical outlets for bemodified to permit the installation Womenwith dependents willbe portablehair dryers willbe installed. of obstetric/gynecological examination eligible for sea duty just like their male Thelaundry facilities will notbe tables. Unlike standard examination counterparts. changed. However, procedures will be tables, ob/gyntables in use today do

November 1978 9 WOMEN on SEA DUTY not have drop leaves to conserve space crewmembers stationed aboard ships treatment, andwomen. are attending when not in use. Also, an increase in without doctors can go to a local base theschool- in increasingnumbers. the size of sick bays will allow for the dispensary for such treatment. BUMEDofficials state that they will. addition of screens, partitions;etc., to 0 Aboard ship, the potential for ex- continueto rely on air evacuation maintain privacy. posure to toxicsubstances. is high. capabilities ". . . which, in 12 hours or 0 Generalmedical officers can re- Such "exposure could be harmful to a. less, can deliver an emergency case to cognize problems or treat ob/gyn emer- pregnant woman and/or her unborn treatmentfrom anywhere in the gencies, so no additional training is child. It will be the responsibility of world." 'However, after the program is anticipated. the medical department toimpress modified, corpsmen who have been 0 BUMEDregulations require the upon female crew members the imme- throughindependent duty training presence of another female whenever diacy of reportingor confirming sus- should beable to recognize ob/gyn a doctor conducts breast'or pelvic pected pregnancies. symptoms and take action before such exams. 0 In the. past,female corpsmen a situation becomesan emergency. 0 Just as it's done on shore stations, have been accepted forindependent birth control.pillskontraceptive devices duty trainiig in limited numbers, with Well-Balanced Force can be prescribed by the ship'sdoctor the; predominance of graduates being The assignment of women tosea when requested. Corpsmen, naturally- mengoing to smallships or subma- duty isan indication of theNavy's even those on independent duty-an-, rines. Independent duty training, has commitment to provideequal career - notwrite such prescriptions. Female been modified to include more ob/gyn opportunities for all its personnel. But the militaryprofessionalism. and pre-. paredness of Navymen and women will still beparamount in the assignment/promotion processes. Maleand female, members ofi a ship's company will 'be.expected to. carry out assigned duties and, therefore, add positive. sup-

port to our flexible ' and well-balanced naval force.

Chronology of Navy Women

1860s Four civilian nurses from the Sisters of' the Holy Cross serve aboard the Navy hospital ship USS Red Rover in the Civil War.

1908 Navy Nurse Corps founded. 1913 Navynurses first serve aboard

10 ALL HANDS ship-the transports USS Mayflower cal therapists, dietitians and occupa- Seventeen women at four universi- and USS Dolphin. tional therapists. ties become the first women to enroll‘ in the Navy’sNROTC program and 1916 1953 receive full scholarships. Women are accepted into the regular Congresspasses a bill permitting Navy (other than the Nurse Corps) for Hospital Corps women to volunteer for 1973 thefirst time during World War I. sea duty aboard transport ships oper- First coed class in the history of CalledYeomen (F) or Yeomanettes, ated by the Military Sea Transportation Naval Ofticer Candidate School, New- their numbers reach 11,OOO before the Service (now MSC). port, R.I., is graduated. war ends (disestablishedin 1919). Six Navy women become the first to 1960 win their wings andbe designated 1920 Women of the Medical Specialist naval aviators. Navy nursesfirst serve aboard a Section, along with women officers in hospital ship, the USS Relief (AH 1). the fields of medically allied sciences, 1975 are brought under the same promotion Navy women who become pregnant 1941 laws which governed male officers of whileon activeduty are no longer Japanese attack Pearl Harbor and the Medical Service Corps. automaticallydischarged from the fiveNavy nurses on Guam are cap- service. Instead, they are retainedon tured, becoming the first female pris- 1%1 activeduty unless they voluntarily oners of war from theU.S. Navy. LieutenantCharlene Suneson as- elect discharge. signed as first womanline officer to 1942 seaduty aboard the MilitarySealift 1976 Women Acceptedfor Voluntary Command transport vessel USNS Wil- Time magazine namesLieutenant EmergencyService (WAVES) is liam A. Mann (T-AF 12). Commander Kathleen Byerly as one of formed. The WAVES were designated its “12 Women of the Year-1975.” a permanent but separate part of the 1970 Fran McKee becomes the first Navy Navy in1948. Thetitle fellby the LieutenantHelen M. Paulusbe- woman line flag officer. waysidein 1973 whenwomen were comes the firstwoman dentist in the Women officers are allowed to enter fully integrated into the Navy’s organi- regular Navy (there were two women all restricted line communities via ini- zational structure. Naval Reserve dentists on active duty tial commissioning programs or lateral during World WarII). transfers for the first time. 1943 The fust three Navy enlisted women Women are enlistedinto the Navy 1972 are graduatedfrom the Naval Acad- Hospital Corps forthe first time. HospitalCorps detailing is consoli- emy Prep School, Newport, R.I. dated and assignments are made with- First women enter the U.S.Naval 1944 out regard to sex except in such cases Academy as members of the class of The first Hospital Corps School for assubmarines, diving duty and other 1980. Reserve enlisted womenis commis- specialized duty. sioned at the Bethesda Naval Medical AleneDuerk becomes the Navy’s 1977 Center. first woman flag officer (Nurse Corps). Proposal to amendTitle 10, USC Lieutenant Ann J. Moriarity reports 6015, to permit women to serve aboard 1948 to Naval Advisory Forces in South ships other than hospital and transport Title 10, USC 6015, is enacted, pro- Vietnam as the Navy’s first woman ships is sent from the Department of hibiting women in the Navy from serv- naval advisorin Vietnam. Defense to the House Armed Services ing aboardother than hospital and Women officersand enlisteds in Committeefor consideration (amend- transport ships. other than medical billets are assigned ment becomes part of the FY 80 De- to the hospital ship USS Sanctuary in fense Authorization Bill). 1949 a pilot programto gain experience HospitalCorps Schools at Great regarding the employment of women at 1978 Lakes and atSan Diego aremade sea in a non-medical environment. U.S. DistrictCourt in Washington, coeducational. Admiral Elmo Zumwalt Jr., then D.C.,rules Title 10, USC6015, is Chiefof Naval Operations, issues Z- unconstitutional. I 1952 Gram 116, called by some the Navy’s Congressapproves the Navykpon- Navy women are accepted for com- own“Equal Rights Amendment” sored amendment to Title 10, USC missions in the Medical Service Corps. which authorizes “limited entry of en- 6015, and it eventually becomes law zd They are trained exclusively as physi- listed women’’ into most Navy ratings. part of the Defense Authorization Bill.

November 1978 11 cp challenging task.. MISSISSIPPI

PRECOM du,tvJ BY JO1 JERRYATCHISON AND “You’ve got to adapt yourself to the larger-than-averagenumber of people JOSN JOHN LARSCHEID organization as it is being built from a be away at school. They couldn’t begin fewpeople to an entire crew,” Chief putting their departments together until Some call it shore duty. Others say Fullmersaid. “From thevery start, the entire crew hadmoved aboard.” it’s sea duty. It’s still one toughjob. about 50 percentof the crew is the Patienceis a realvirtue for PRE- The morethan 450 menassigned nucleus crew. They work aboard ship, COM crewmembers. Building some- this duty saw only that they were being learning her systems andlayout and thing from nothing is going to mean a transferred to Mississippi (CGN 40) as setting up shop even as the shipis few false starts. That’s all part of the part of the precommissioning(PRE- being built around them. learning process, though, and that’s COM) unit. “Theremainder, called ‘balance what makes it interesting for so many. If anyarrived in NewportNews crew,’ are away from the ship attend- “Being part ofthe PRECOM unit with the notion of being in just another ing technical schools and fleet training has given me a chance to get to know Navy billet, they were in for more than activities. people better than if I’d been assigned a mild surprise. “The idea is to bring the two crews to a ship already in commission,” said What’s it like to take a ship so new togetheraboard ship to teacheach she has yet to earn the prefix USS and other what they’ve learned. Some de- Below: INSURV team members inspect turn her into a bona fide Navy ship? Is partments get a late start on the build- equipment on Mississippi’s stern. Right: The sun rises on Mississippi crewmen preparing it good or bad duty? ingprocess, though, because the na- for a long day of work getting their ship ready A chanceto learn these and other ture of their work requiresthat a to jointhe fleet. answerscame a few weeks before Mississippi was commissioned in Nor- folk.The crew had moved aboard abouttwo months earlier. They had already made two sea trials; some last minute fine tuning here and there was all that was needed. The first of Mississippi’s crewto arrive in Newport News found not much more than a steel hull sitting at pier side. Chief Yeoman Otis Fullmer and a few otheradmidsupply types were the first aboard. “You’ve got to have a paperwork organization before you can have a factual organization,” he said. Since Mississippi is also Chief Full- mer’s second tour of PRECOM duty, he spokefrom experience as hede- scribed what makes the work different. “First,the peopleare unique. They’ve got to build their departments from scratch and that requires across- the-board knowledge of an individual’s rate. Without that full range of technical knowledge, it’sawfully hard to make something work in PRECOM.” Buildingfrom scratch means long hoursfor everyone. But the work is not without its rewards.

12 ALL HANDS November 1978 Ship’sServiceman Seaman Richard Smith. “Since everyone is new, we’re all starting out even trying to live up to the ship.” That everyone isnew to Mississippi comes as no surprise. Whatmay surprise some, though,is the fact that over halfthe crew had neverbeen to sea. Gunner’s Mate (Guns) Seaman Mike McNamara, himself a newcomer to sea duty and keeper of Mississippi’s aft 5- incW54-caliber mount, thinks that’s all right. “I like it here and I like going to sea,” he said. Another sidelight of PRECOM duty is gaining an appreciation for the ship- builder’swork. Chief Fullmer described how oneday a weldercame into his empty office space. The welder pulled out a schematic diagram, took a fewmeasurements and proceededto weld a small piece of metal to the bulkhead.

Old Navy seugoing tusks, like prepuring bouts for hunch (right),or getting reudyfor helicopter operutions (below), become new tusks when done on Mississippi thefirst time.

c Left: TheMississippi mess decks. Below. Rigging the unchor chain.

-1

November 1978 15 Above: Commander, NavalSurface Force Atlantic’s helicopter arrives onboard during sea trials. Left:A chief boatswain’s mate signals to stop letting out the anchor. Right: USS Mississippi (CG N 40) under way.

cause much of it had been selected as a result of recommendations they had made. “We’ve had the opportunity, within guidelines, to pick out and pur- chasethe equipment webelieve will bestbenefit the ship,” Chief Fulmer said. Since Mississippi is the third ship of her class-she was preceded by USS Virginia (CGN38) and USS Texas (CGN 39)-the crewturned to her sister ships for information. This made at least one of Chief Fullmer’s jobs a bit easier. “One of the hardest things for us to do during PRECOM is to put together theship’s organization and regulation manuals,” he said. “We were able to use our sister ships’ manualsas guides, though,and that was a big help. We also found out what their experiences had been-good and bad-so we could plan accordingly.”

16 ALL HANDS If placing a ship incommission is and everything,” according to one as- the goal of PRECOM, then passingthe tonished third class petty officer. INTERESTED ? Inspectionand Survey (INSURV) Asthe INSURV team moved Duty with a precommissioning detail board is a major milestone on the way through theship, each Mississippi may be what you’ve been looking for. to realizing that goal. Before any Navy crewman-from the junior seaman to If so, the. Bureau of Naval Personnel is ship joins the operating forces,the thesenior oficerInew he wasper- lookingfor you. Highly qualified and INSURV people are first given the sonally responsible for getting his part motivated sailors are always sought for opportunity to find any reasonwhy of the shipestablished and operating thistype of duty andvolunteers are that ship is not ready. smoothly.Everything from Missis- invited. On the eve of acceptance trials, the sippi’s missile launchers to the deep-fat For those serving on sea duty when INSURV inspection team came aboard fryers on the mess decks were getting orderedto precommissioning duty, to affirm or refute the shipyard and the a microscopic going over. their time creditable for sea duty rota- crew’s belief the Mississippi was This notion of personal involvement tion continues uninterrupted. For those ready-finally andafter months of as opposed to “just doing the job” on shore duty going to sea, time spent preparation-to join the fleet. explains whymany relish the long withthe precommissioning detail Throughoutthe ship, the crew and hoursand hard work of PRECOM counts as neutral duty forrotational shipyard workers all had thesame duty. It explains, too, why people like purposes and becomes sea duty once thoughts:Had they overlooked any- Chief Fullmer will continue to request the ship is placedin commission. thing? Was everything as it should be? this type of duty. Ifyou would like to volunteer, fill Was there anything morethat could be “When all the setting up is done, the out an Enlisted Duty Preference Card done to make the ship ready? PRECOMdetail is over and the ship (NAVPERS 1306/63 (Rev. 7-77)). In Timehad run outfor those who placedin commission, I’ll be able to the Sea Preferencesblock, list “new entertained any doubts. The INSURV walkaway from the ship and say ‘I construction,” andindicate the type inspectors, in white coveralls and car- built that.’ Everything that is good or ship for which you are volunteering in rying clipboards, came aboard the ship. badabout it is so becauseI made it the remarks section. The Navy’s experts in all phases of that way.” shipboard operations began an exhaus- And if the results of the INSURV tive inspection that saw them “crawlingare anyindication, there are a whole proudof the way they’ve built their into, under, over and around anything bunchof Mississippi crew members ship. &

November 1978 17 Grains of Salt Mahan -Sea Power Provides the Key.

BY J03 ALAN D. MEYER notedfor their unusual clarityand Godmake the United States a sea appeal. power? None would disagree with him. The powers of the world quaked at Publishedin 1890, The Influence of Could Great Britainsupply the an- the potency of 19thcentury technol- Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783, swer? Mahan looked for common de- ogy.Rapid-firing artillery, steamships wasread worldwide. Admiral George nominators that would make both Eng- and steel navies fulfilled dreams of Dewey based his arguments for in- landand the United States coequals Manifest Destiny. According to this creased navalspending on Mahan’s amongthe world’s maritime powers. philosophy, Godwilled territorialex- work. WithGreat Britain, the United pansion. Those who could, swallowed Mahan’s salient point was that sail- States shared the political aptitude and every piece of land they saw. ing-age tactics and strategies are of sense of order needed for naval war- Confronted by a rapidlychanging limiteduse in a technological age. fare. These, he pointed out, were pos- world,the United States Navy,just What was neededwere “principles sessed by the English-speakingpeo- beginning to recover from the swift which should direct great naval combi- ples. The United States, like Great demobilization following the Civil War, nations, [which] have been applicable Britain, was a great island nearly sur- stood by bewildered. Short of hnds“ to all ages. ” rounded by water and, unlikeGreat fearful of spendingmoney on weap- Again,Mahan immersed himself in Britain,was untroubled by powerful onrythat could soon become 17thand 18th century naval history. neighbors. The United States was also obsolete-the Navy fell into disuse. His solution to the problem of sea populated by a hardy, industrious peo- Apathy was everywhere. powerwas a philosophythat eventu- plewith the discipline necessary for Against thisbackground, Com- ally governed all naval warfare; it was life at sea. mander Alfred Thayer Mahan drifted- a philosophy he exploited in an appeal Butthere were certain distinctions as hesaid-“aimlessly” off the coast for a modem Navy. He went so far as between Great Britain and the United of Japan, “on thesimple line ofre- to state that a deity controlled the States.Swept on thecrest of the spectability.” A ship’scommander in course of general and naval history. If Industrial Revolution, 19th century a nearlydefunct Navy, Mahanwiled history repeated itself, he said, it was United States was being torn from awayhis idle hours reading military a sign of God’s favoror disfavor. agriculturalself-sufficiency. Entrepre- literature and writing historical essays. Constantlycalling upon history to neurs, dazzled by prospects of quick He could see nothing in his future illustrate his principles, he pointed out fortune, clamored for overseas markets except eventual retirement in the grade that the English, in the days of Oliver to trade finished goods for rubber and he held. Cromwell, conquered Jamaica. Numer- other raw products needed for manu- In 1884, he was offered an opportu- ous other “accidents” contributedto facturing. Of necessity, then, intema- nity for which helong yearned. Com- Great Britain’s becoming a formidable tionalrelationships slowly developed. modore Stephen Luce, who early rec- sea power. Resistance to the change also grew. ognizedMahan’s talentfor self- According to Mahan,the United The lackof raw materials such as expression, asked him tolecture on States imitatedEngland in 1898. The rubber leftmany Americans indiffer- naval history and warfare at the newly Spanishwere accused by theUnited ent. To them, the fear of increased foundedNaval War College in New- States ofsinking the battleship USS spending(gold outflow) andforeign port, R.I. Mrrine in Havana Harbor, Cuba. The entanglements resulting from overseas Mahan’s lectures on the necessity of war which resulted was a godsend to trade was a paralyzing thought. a Navywere to becomethe corner- Mahanand his theory, as theUnited On the other hand, trade was neces- stone of hisfame. Though borrowing States conquered the Philippines. sary for the verysurvival of Great from existinghistorical theoriesto Wasthis God’s work, he queried? Britain in the 18thand 19th centuries. make his points, his presentations were Would a strong Navy and the hand of Unable to supply their population with

18 ALL HANDS the necessities of life, the English were “naturally and readily settles down in only a few steps to a powerful British forced to look beyond their own bor- a new country, identifieshis interest navy. As colonies proliferated, British ders. They observed that the Spanish yith it, and, though keeping an affec- trade ships appeared throughoutthe penchant for conquest and plunder had tionate remembrance of the home from world. The Britishnavy took on the .left the Spanish with nothing once they which he came, has no restlessness to roleof protecting English merchant had .depleted their colonies and spent return.In the second place, the Eng- ships and, at the same time, checking theirwealth. Instead, the English es- lishman at once and instinctively seeks competition. tablisheda profitable trade with their todevelop the resources of thenew It was sea power, according to Ma- colonies throughout the world. country in the broadest sense.” han,which saved Great Britain from “The English colonist,” said Mahan, From a burgeoning commerce it was destruction when sheclashed with France during the NapoleonicWars. He pointed out that-with a population half that of France and a parliamentary government filed with political adver- saries-Great Britain defeated a power which controlled allof Europe because its larger navy impeded French overseas trade while protecting its own. Mahan interpreted the English experience in a way that -he hoped would convince his American audience of the need for sea power. Overseas trade via a thrivingmerchant marine would be required foran industrial nation to exist. To assure the survivalof the United States as an industrial nation, a strong Navy was needed to protect the influx of resources from overseas colonies.Without raw materialsfrom abroad,manufacturing would grind to a halt. Colonies were the essential building blocks of this plan. The weaknesses in Mahan’sproposal were the means of acquiring and the justification for the acquisitionof colonies that would fit hisphilosophy and overcome anti-ex- pansionist disapproval. Taking another man’s land by force was deplorable to this former isolation- ist. Acquisition by chance was a different story.The capture of thePhilip- pines, for instance, was partof a divine plan to fulfill “the instinct for commerce and bold enterprise” of the

CAPT Alfred Thuyer Muhun-his writings und lectures on seu power shaped the course of the US.Nuvy ut the turn of the century.

19 Grains of Salt United States “in the pursuit of gain.” Mahan was ready with an idea if this ofSoviet merchant ships into Cuban Mahanpromised that his country- didn’twork. The United States Navy waters. Soviet naval vessels, mean- menwould reciprocate by spreading would “bleed the enemyeconomi- while, were prohibited from protecting “culture,civilization and the inherent cally” by blockingthe movement of the missile carriers. In the end, the aptitude for self-government and inde- merchant ships to and from enemy Soviet Union removed its missilebase, pendence abroad.” colonies and commercialcenters. proving Mahan’s belief in the need for Anti-expansionists-those against Seventyyears after the publication a strong sea power and that “a strong ManifestDestiny-would protestthat of The Influence of Sea Power upon offense is the best defense.” promoting overseas trade to create a History, a blockadesuch as theone In a way-such as the 1962 confron- strongNavy was contradictory. They Mahan described dampened an already tationoutlined above-Mahan’s theo- arguedthat placingnaval vessels lit fuse. riesregarding the use of sea power throughoutthe world to protect our In July 1962, an Air Forcerecon- seem hardly changed since the days he colonieswould eventually draw fire naissanceplane spotted Soviet mer- first penned them. In another way, his fromskittish bystanders and lead to chant ships carrying missiles to Cuba. basic idea that a powerful fleet would war. Fearing a missile base 200 miles from steam out from America’sshores, meet “Onthe contrary,” Mahan fired its borders would threaten the security an advancing enemy fleet bent on con- back, “the best offenseis a strong of the United States as well as jeopard- quest of the U.S., and pound that fleet defense. ize the movement of ships through the intooblivion belongs to another age. “If numerical superiority poses a Panama Canal, the United States Navy The introduction of the submarine, the threat,” he stated, “it will keep adver- reacted. Within days, 180 ships bearing airplane and the aircraftcarrier have sariesat bay. Those bold enoughto 85,000 men steamed toward Guantan- caused whole sections of his work to attack willfind that wewill be ready amo Bay. For several weeks, a quar- become outmoded. with troops, ships and an abundance of antine of Cubanports by the United Onecan hardly blame Captain naval materiel.” States Navy prevented the movement Alfi-ed Thayer Mahan. None of these instruments of war at sea existed when hefirst put his ideas on paper. Still, the core of his thinking remains sound. There remains today a great and urgent needfor a powerful U.S.Navy to protect thisnation’s interests on the world’s oceans. The Influence of Sea Power upon History continues to merit close attention; the maxims of Mahan deserveto be read by each new generation of U.S. Navy men and women. 9,

The Spunish Americun Wur provided the c,lus.sic exumple in proving Muhun’s husic

principle that ‘I. . . the hest offense is CI strong defcJnsr.” The doctrine of Munifest Destiny overcurne ull (Inti-expunsionist opposition.

ALL HANDS RETENTION CONFERENCE - Dealing With Tomorrow BY JO1 DAN WHEELER

large numbers of senior petty officers tions for the Chief of Naval Personnel and junior officers to find greater sat- and the CNO. isfaction in the Navy as a career,” the Threedays later, more than 150 CNO said. recommendationsaccompanied by ADM Hayward said theNavy is mini-transcripts of the groups’ discus- doing many things correctly and he is sion on each topic were forwarded for pleased with the proficiency of Navy consideration by the top echelon of people overall and theattitudes he Navy policy makers.Some specific perceivedduring recent visits tothe recommendations were: fleet. “But,” he said,“we have to 0 ImplementLMET (Leadership concentrate a greatdeal more on to- and Management Education and Train- morrowthan we do today, on those ing) as soon as possible. things that impact on people in the 0 Simplify advancementproce- Navy. I think this is a tremendous dures. challenge to us . . . andit really fo- 0 Make better use of command om- cuses on the business of leadership. budsmen. “I must conclude,” ADM Hayward 0 Implement a quality re-enlistment said, “that we do not lead very well- bonus for top-notch petty officers not certainlynot wellenough-or we eligible for the selectivere-enlistment wouldn’t be experiencingthe large bonus. number of petty officers in the eight- Emphasize moreeffectively the to 1Zyear bracket leaving the Navy chain of command and improve lead- today. They are not satisfied with the ership within the chain. Navy as a career.” 0 Provide uniform treatment at Re- The CNO said thereare a lot of cruit Training Commands for all re- Seniorpetty officers and officers reasons thisis so, some ofwhich- cruits. from more than 30 major naval com- such as deployments-no one can rem- 0 Provide a system for reassignment mandsmet in Washington, D.C., in edy; but there are many areas which of all new CPOs. late August to discuss ways to improve the Navy can improve upon. 0 Revise the inspectionsystem so retention and job satisfaction in the “It seems to me that we have to that eachship gets onecombined in- Navy. Chief of Naval Operations Ad- focus directly on the chain of com- spection during each inspection cycle. miral Thomas B. Haywardspoke mand,” ADM Haywardsaid. “We 0 Re-examineNavy-supported col- briefly about “Career Retention En- have to examine our leaders’ qualifica- lege education programs to make it hancedWith Family 1nvolvement”- tions and our leadership training to possible for Navy people to earn a full the theme of the second annual Navy- determine if we have our priorities in degreeduring their first 20 years of wide Retention Conference-in his correct order. . . . service. keynoteremarks. Additionally,the “Strengthening the chain of com- Provide adequate cost-of-living al- CNO addressedseveral other areas mand is the key to this, butpeople lowancesfor high-cost areas in impacting on retention which he con- must becomeour highest priority.” CONUS. sidered important. Following the CNO’s remarks, var- 0 Relocate the bachelor quarters’ “We have to keepdoing what we iousnaval officers briefed conference management teams to provide on-site are doing, but we have to do it better,” attendees onpertinent topics of con- availability of teams in areas with large ADM Haywardtold the conference. cern to all Navy people. After a day of bachelor populations. “Since the force wehave to buildis briefing, the sixwork groups-Life AU of the recommendations of the really a trained force of knowledgeable Span Career Counseling, Career Coun- conference attendees and theargu- pettyofficers and junior officers, we seling Review, Family Services and mentsfor each are currently being are reallytalking about the issue of Support,Attrition, Quality of Life, considered by top Navyofficials. As retention. . . . ManpowerFersonnel Review and OE- changes are made, official policy state- “The Navyhas to changein some cerRetention-assembled to prepare ments will be forwarded to the fleet. $ fundamentalways that will influence their point papers and recommenda-

November 1978 21 Eisenhower’s Last Line of Defense Marines at Sea STORYAND PHOTOS BY JOl(SS) a fighting sailoror a seagoing soldier. Recruit Depot Sea School before they PETE SUNDBERG OnNov. 10, 1775, theContinental begin theirtwo-year tour of duty Congresspassed a resolutionwritten aboard a Navy ship. According to a 1950 cruise book of by a specialCongressional committee “The Corps selects those who rank a certainaircraft carrier., the Marines to establish a Marine Corps consisting among the top 20 percent of their boot onthe ship secretly believed that the of twobattalions. The committee did camp companies,” explains First Lieu- man whoreally ran the ship was the not intend to create a separate unit of tenant S. P. Watson, MARDET exec- captain’s Marine orderly. They pointed Marines, but only to transfer sea-wise utive officer. tothe fact that whenever something soldiers from the Continental Army to “Only those coming from boot train- importanthappened, the CO sum- dutyaboard ships. When General ing are sent to Sea School. The NCOs monedhis orderly-bviously to seek George Washington objected, Con- assigned to us for their first sea tour, his advice. gressagreed that Marines should be however, are not school trained,” says Navy men (including the ship’s skip- recruited independently. Watson. “They’re already conditioned per) would probably disagree with this The wording of theresolution indi- to and familiar with the military struc- version of the orderly’sduties and cates the committee wasn’t quite sure ture.” there might have been a few Marines whatMarines were supposed to be. Sea School is 30 days of classroom who didn’t believe that the orderly was True, thebattalions were to bemade study, gun mount training and parade the manbehind the man. Although up of “. . . such as are good seamen, ground drill. Marine students study Marines and sailors have served at sea or so acquainted with maritime affairs Navy traditions, sea terminology, fire- for hundreds of years, to some Navy as to be able to serve to advantage by fighting techniques, shipboarddrills, men the duties of a ship’s Marine sea when required . . .” dimensions of variousships, features Detachment (MARDET) arejust about As we know today, Marines are not of a ship’s internal security-all relat- as vague as theskipper-orderly rela- specialized sailors; they’re a totally ing to shipboard life. tionship. differenttype of fighter. In fact, the Theyalso familiarize themselves A lookat the Marine Detachment Royal Marines, after whom the Amer- withthe various armament of ships. aboard the Navy’s newest aircraft car- ican Marines were modeled, were spe- They learn loading, ammunition mark- rier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN cifically exempted from seaduties. ings, rate of fire and the importance of 69) should clear up any grayareas. Since1775, the role of US. Marines their job within a gun crew. For thosewho have never been has evolved into various forms as the Following Sea School,Marines are aboard a carrier or a ship that has a country’s needs have changed. assignedto the major ships, such as MARDET, the sight of camouflage- Who,then, are thesenon-sailors carriers, cruisers and tenders. clothedMarines mingling with dunga- whogo to sea? Where do they come Aboard Eisenhower, the MARDET. ree-cladsailors is an eye-opener. One from and why are they there? althoughassigned to the ship’s weap- wonders what purpose combat uni- The 71 menof the Eisenhower’s ons department, is a commarid within forms have aboard a ship at sea; Ma- MARDETmight be described as re- a commandwhich operates from its rines explain that it’s more comfortable cruiting poster-type leathernecks. They own living and working spaces-cces- than the old green utilities. Plus, they arethe Corps’ representatives aboard sibleto non-Marines, butseldom vis- add, Marines aren’t sailors so it’s only ship and also the Corps’ ambassadors itedby sailors. To mostsailors, that logical they look like Marines. during foreignport visits. As such, area beneath the deck between the There was a time in the early days thoseselected for assignment to sea forward and after mess decks is merely of the Corps when no one was certain dutyare thoroughlyscreened and a place from which Marines occasion- whether a Marine was supposed to be trainedat San Diego’s Marine Corps ally emerge.During a securityalert.

22 ALL HANDS Marines come charging out of their panel) and, of course, as home for all andcomfort,** says Houston. “Of scuttle armed with “16s and .45-cali- but the 12 Marines assigned tothe course, that isn’t to say it’s like living ber pistols. At other times, they care- ship’s brig. at a swankyhotel. But, compared to fullywork their way upthe ladder, Shipboard life dictates the need for older ships, it’snoteworthy.** taking care not to scuffwell-shined full use of all available space, and the Houston explained that du&g the shoes or dirty the white gloves of their Marines’ living quarters are no excep ship’s construction, a habitabilityin- dress blue uniforms. tion.Though compact, the area is spector fromthe Fleet Marine Force However, there is nothing secretive consideredmore thanadequate by headquarterscame hard Zke to en- about their quarters. They serve as the Captain R. A. Houston,MARDET sure that the quarters were adequate. detachment’s headquarters, adminis- commanding officer. Thespace was designed with the trative office, sergeant of the guard’s “Compared to whatyou might ex- MARDET in mind. Lockers were built office(containing a red-lightedalarm pect,this is the latest inhabitability toaccommodate hanging uniforms, such as dress blues; and, although the ship’s laundry is available, the detachment has its own press room -so that uniforms can be kept smart all the time. The primary duties of the MARDET are essentiallythe same as when the Corps first went to sea in 1776. During battle, theyled boarding parties and supplied armed men tofire on the enemyfrom decks andfighting tops (platforms on the masts). Marines were then, as now, the spearhead and back- bone of any amphibious landing. When not so engaged, their main function was to keep order and ensure discipline aboard ship. For many years following the Revo- lutionary War, the duties of the seagoing MARDET remained muchas theywere in the Continental Navy. However, with the advent of modem warships,long-range fighting capabilities, and with the realization that modem U.S. Navy men are not the type to cause disciplinaryproblems, the Ma- rines’ duties took on their present-day form. Today, when Eisenhower goes to battlestations, you won’t find the Marines topside with fuced bayonets or grappling hooks in hand. Instead, contrary to the imagemade popular by John Wayne, the MARDET, with the exception of two, four-man stretcher- bearerteams assigned to sick bay, remains in its livingquarters. Actually, general quarters for Zke’s MARDET can be boring. When con- ditionZEBRA is set,compartment hatchesare shut and dogged, the smoking lamp is out and the ventilation systemis secured, the Marines sit back waiting tobe called. CAPT Houston, in an attempt to relieve the 23 boredom and take their minds off the discomfortcaused by thestale air, generally takes this time toconduct classes in such subjects as first aid or NBC warfare defense. These Marines, sitting through a lecture during general quarters, may not live up to Hollywood’s imageof the battle-hardened leatherneck, but don’t let that fool you. Since Eisenhower’s first line of defense is heraircraft and missile systems, theMARDET, in essence, be- comesthe last lineof defense if the ship’s defenses are penetrated and she comes under close attack. The Marines arejust as prepared as their 1776 counterparts were to defend the ship against everything from enemy boarding parties to unauthorized aircraft attempting to land on Zke’s flight deck. Waiting for the order to fight, however, isn’t the MARDET’sonly job during generalquarters. “Besides being held in reserve as a fighting unit, the detachment is also prepared to aid the ship in another important way,” says admin chief Staff Sergeant John Kuczma. “When a Marine checks aboard, his blood type is cataloged,”explains SSGT Kuczma. “Then, if there’s an actual battle involving mass casualties,

Below: As Ike’s last line of defense, in a simulated exercise, Marines turn out to defend the ship against enemy helicopters attempting to land on the carrier’spight deck. thedetachment becomes awalking tification cards of other MARDET Ma- one the father of a MARDET Marine, blood bank.” . rinesbefore admitting them to certain the other, the father of an Zke officer. The MARDET isthe ship’s landing restricted ship areas. For these assignments, spit and polish force.Although most of theMarines’ Whenyou consider ‘the size of the isn’t just a slang expression-it’s a way landingsin World War I1 and Korea detachment-twoofficers and 69 en- of life for the seagoing Marine. weremade by thousands of men car- listed men-and the duties which they TheMarines are wellknown for ried tobattle in transportsand LSTs, have to carry out, you realize that the their rigid adherence to militaryregu- it doesn’t mean the small landing party life of a seagoing Marine can be just as lations,strict discipline, short hair, is obsolete. busyas the life of a Navyman. In spit-shinedboots-the whole nine “If the lives and property of Ameri- addition to internalsecurity responsi- yardsas they say. It’s a form of can citizensbecome endangered over- bilities, the MARDET gets its share of military life that you might think would seas,” saysHouston, “we would be compartment cleaning and handling of cause a certain amount of discord the first on the scene.” provisions. The detachmentprovides betweenthe less formal sailors of Ei- Although thesecarrier-based Ma- orderlies for flag officers, the executive senhower’s crew andthe MARDET. rinesare constantly ready to react to officer of theship (by choice, Zke’s However, just the opposite is true. any battle situation, they also carry out commanding officer doesn’thave an “There’s a lot of good-heartedri- theirnormal shipboard routines. The assignedorderly) and any embarked valry,” says CAPT Houston.“Ma- mostimportant is internal security, seniorNavy or Marineofficer whois rinesare Marines and sailors aresail- which the MARDET members take not a member of the ship’s company. ors, and they all act like they have for very seriously. They even check iden- Another of its important duties is to the past 203 years. The rivalry is there, renderhonors as prescribed in Navy italways has been and, hopefully, it Lefr: From battle dress to spit and polish- Regulations.On a recent father-son always will be.” CAPT Houston gives a lectureon first aid cruise, Zke’s MARDET musteredon The rivalryis there, but Zke’s crew during general quarters. Below: Houston can’t helpbut be a littleproud of its renders honors to two retired Marine officers thehangar deck infull dressuniform during a recent guest cruise. to honor two retired Marine officers- MARDET. &

. Battenberg# Cup - bComrades Across the Sea‘ BY J03 WILLIAM P. ALLEN

It takes more than just doing a job Lord Mountbatten, the famous Brit- to Annapolis, Washington, D. C., and well to be the best ship in the Atlantic ish naval leader during World War 11, New York City. Fleet. USS Holland (AS 32) earned .is noted for hisinvolvement in the When the British squadron returned the title through extraordinary per- diplomaticnegotiations which led to home following that cruise, Rear Ad- formance in overallbattle efficiency the independence of India and Pakistan miralRobley (Fighting Bob) Evans, and in areassuch as engineering, in 1947. During his long career, he held commander of the U.S. North Atlantic safety,morale, career motivationand many of thehighest military defense Fleet received the Cup fromPrince retention during 1977. As a symbol of leadership positions in the Royal Navy Louis in appreciation for the courtesy Holland‘s operational excellence, offi- including Commander in Chief, Medi- hismen had shown as hosts to the cials revived a tradition that began teranean Fleet in 1952-54; Admiral of British sailors. Its inscription reads over 70 years ago. To mark the occa- the Fleet in 1956; Chief of the United “To the enlistedmen of the North sion, the Battenberg Cup, also known Kingdom Defense Staff; and Chairman AtlanticFleet from their British cou- as the British Challenge Cup, was of the Chiefsof Staff committee in sinsof the 2nd Cruiser Squadron in taken out of “mothballs”and placed 1959-65. gratefulremembrance of the many back on active status. As an additional His father-and the Cup’s name- kindnesses, tokens of good fellowship honor, the First Earl Louis Mountbat- sake-Prince Louis of Battenberg, was andwonderful entertainments that ten of Burma, whose father Prince a rear admiral in command of a five- weregiven to them in cordialfriend- Louis of Battenberg originated the tro- ship British armored cruiser squadron ship by theircomrades across the phy, presented the cup to the Holland. in 1905 which made goodwill port visits sea.” Thelarge, silver-plated trophy measures 3 feet high and 11 inches in diameter at the top. It is mounted on an oak pedestal. Inan accompanying letter, Prince Louis of Battenberg requested that the trophy become a challenge cup among the enlisted of theNorth Atlantic Fleet. RADM Evans, accepting for his men,established the Battenberg Cup as the winning trophy for cutter races. Fordecades, rowing crews of both battleshipsand cruisers vied forthe honor of capturing the Battenberg Cup byracing theirone-ton, eight-oared cutters in vigorous competition. Contests weren’t limited to just U.S. Navyparticipants. RADM Evans in- cludeda provision by which British sailorscould compete with American sailors using “ . . . standard Navy rac- ingcutters . . whenever a shiphold- ing the Cup would fall in witha British man-o’war. . . .” ABritish crew didwin theCup once. Duringthe Jamestown Exposi-

Left: Lord Louis Mountbatten presents the Battenberg Cup to CAPT. L. S. Wigley (center), commanding officer, USS Holland. At left is VADM J. P. Moorer, CinC, U.S. Naval Forces Europe.

26 ALL HANDS tion at Norfolk, Va., in 1907, crew members from HMS Argyll, rowing a cutter reportedlyborrowed from the battleshipUSS Indiana, defeated a crew from the battleship USS Illinois. The embarrassed Americansquickly recaptured the trophy; records indicate thatthere was another British challenge which proved unsuccessful. The last ship to win the Cup was the battleship. USS West Virginia in 1940. During the war years, competition was interrupted and neverresumed. West Virginia held the trophy until the ship was decommissioned in1947. For the. next 30 years, the Cup was placed on display at several Navy commands, It finally came to rest at the Navy Me- morial Museum in Washington, D..C. This year, itwas decided thatthe Battenberg Cup should be returned to hampersefforts. Yet in theannual Above: Winners of the Battenberg Cup in the menof the Atlantic Fleet,. and, supply inspection, Holland maintained 1939 aboard the carrier VSS Enterprise (CV onceagain, instill init,s winners the an over % percent effectiveness rating. 6)* pride of being the best. Now, the Cup 0 Weapons repairexcelled in sev- The Holy Loch area is described as a will be awarded annually to the Atlan- eraloperational tests-their torpedo land of immense beauty and incredibly ticFleet ship whose crew has most performancewas rated best in the bad weather. Rain, sleet .and snowplus distinguished itself through outstanding submarine force. the incessant wind add to the very long performance . in “battle efficiency” 0 Usuallywhen something goes hours-particularlysince Holland is competition and other,categories of wrong with a nuclear submarine’s pro- under at-sea c0nditions~24hours a day. operations, administrat.ionand leader- pulsionplant steam generator, it re- Yet, officerand enlisted requests for ship. quires a trip back to a.stateside ship- PRD (primary rotation of duty) exten- Inrecent ceremonies, attended by yard. Holland’s repair department, in sicsns rose to 50 and- 40 percent, respec- Earl Mountbatten, USS Holland be- addition to routine work, completed tively.The retention. ratemore than came the 53rd winner to have its name highly complex repairs and inspections doubled.In FY 76 itstood at 30.4, etchedon the trophy, the frst, how- on three steam generators. The magni- thenrose to 67.6 in FY 77. The ever, for battle efficiency. tude of thesemonth-long, round-the- AtlanticFleet Golden Anchor award Based at Site One, Holy Loch, Scot- clock efforts, plus thecost savings was presented to Holland for her re- land, Holland is a seagoing combina- achieved and excellence of the work tention program. tion of workshops and warehouses, were remarkable displays of the ship’s Holland’s crew members know they designed tocare for the needs of potential.. are doingmore than justtheir job. SubmarineSquadron 14. Hercomple- These are but a few examples of the Now they have proof that their efforts mentof nearly 1,400 men canrepair accomplishments that were recognized are recognizedand appreciated. Sec- anythingfrom teletypes and nuclear in 1977 when Holland was awarded its ondplace will have to do morethan reactors to2torpedos. and galley ranges. kst BattleEfficiency “E.” Butper- just try harder to capture the Batten- Everydepartment on board has haps the biggest improvement noted berg Cup awayfrom Holland in the something to brag about. Here are a was in. the area of. crew morale and next competition. few examples: motivat,ion. Individualimprovement 0 A substantialsupply department WW: levels. Advance- provides every consumable item a sub- mentsshot upwards. Seventy-eight marine on extended underwater patrol percent of the men taking petty officer could need. Since Holland rides at examswere authorized advancement. anchor without the benefit of dockside Holland‘ crewmen also earned five storagespace orwarehouses, a es and. seven associ- monthly resupply effort becomes.. a ate’sdegrees over the past year major evolution. During a resupply throughthe Navy Campus for evolution., an average of 150-small boat Achievementprogram in conjunction and service craft runs a day are neces- with the University of Maryland. sary to bring aboard 1,200 to 1,600 Morale played an important -part in tons of material.FrequentLy, weather Hodland’s winning. the Battenberg Cup.

November 1978 27 Top Birthday Gift 0’ the Sea finally it stoppedat 42.” Piper Sixty Navy men aboard the Pacitic But that was just on July 1. With 42 ’Twixt the deafening roars of jet Fleet destroyer tender USS Samuel re-enlistments, an all-time one-day re- engines, the sweet music of the high- Gompers (AD 37) obligated themselves enlistmentrecord was established for lands rises from the fantail of the USS to more than two centuries of service Gompers. Enterprise (CVN 65). Not exactly what in celebration of their ship’s lth1 birth- Onthe last day of July, Gompers you’dexpect when you’re on a nu- day. re-enlisted 18 more of her enlisted crew clear-poweredaircraft carrier. But in The sailors, from petty officer third membersfor a Julymonthly total of class to senior chief petty officer, were 60, perhaps a new Navywide, one- dischargedand immediately sworn in monthre-enlistment record for ships. by the tender’s skipper, Captain Rob- Rear AdmiralR. B. McClinton, ert J. O’Malia. CommanderNaval Surface Group, Master Chief Navy Counselor Frank Western Pacific, turned outfor the M. Snedekerand his assistant,Gun- celebration of Gompers’ birthday, ner’sMate Second Class Kittrell whichhappened to coincide with his Thorpe, originatedthe idea. “We’ve own. RADMMcClinton called Gom- held mass re-enlistments before but cer-pers’ retentionprogram “an example tainly none this large,” said Snedeker. forthe rest of the Pacific Fleet to

The plan started out modestly with a follow. ” goal of re-enlisting 11 crewmen on the And follow it should. Gompers has ship’s 1Ith birthday. issued a challenge to all other fleet “Actually, wehad that in thefirst units to justtry and top her record. hour we announced it,” recalled Sne- Fortytwo sailors are reenlisted on uss Samuel deker. “So we startedon the second Gompers’ 11th birthday while in port at Subic 11, then the third. Then we shot for 37 Bay, R. P. (Photo by PHI RandyEmrnons.)

this case, AviationElectrician’s Mate Airman Ray J. McLaughlin Jr., Enter- prise’s own piper, is aboard. Withhis forest-green bagpipes cra- dledtenderly under his arm, he squeezes out old Scottish andIrish tunes. “The pipes have a mysterious, anti- quatedair about them,” says Mc- Laughlin. “Some tunes date back before the Romans conquered Britain. They sound strange and Oriental, like the music you might hear in India and CentralAsia, whichsuggests the movement of theancient Celtic tribes.” McLaughlinclaims Irish and Scot-

28 ALL HANDS tishancestry and is somewhat of an bagpipes,but McLaughlin claims it’s tion’s highest lifesaving medal for his unofficial authority on the lore of the invigorating. Hesays it takes about actions June 6, 1977, in saving five bagpipesand on the protocol of the seven years and lots of practice to be lives and assisting in the rescue of nine highlands. good enough to play without tearing up others after a charter fishing boat cap- “Playing the pipes,” he says, “gives your insides or passing out. It’s hard sized in a freak storm on Chesapeake me a feeling of going back to the old work, he admits, but he can blow the Bay. Celtic clans before history waswritten, pipes for two hours at a stretch with Silver Lifesaving Medals were pre- when each clan had its own traditional all pipes open. sented to three civilians for their res- tunes.” Mchughlin’s repertoireconsists of cue efforts in the same incident where Traditional tunes includesongs for about 35 songs. But he loves to play the 42-foot-long Dixie Lee ZZ capsized every occasion: weddings, funerals and and claims he won’t quit “until I learn near Thimble Shoals Light. battles. Then there ismusic for sere- all the songs of my ancestors.”-Joc The citation accompanying Petty Of- nading and there are ballads. Jesse Jose. ficer Owens’ award said he had “dis- McLaughlinlearned to play the played complete disregard for his own pipes during high school with the en- Saves 5 From Drowning safety. . . .” Witnesses also credited couragement of a pipemajor with a him with establishing order and organ- Scottish band. When that band broke Boiler Technician First Class Wil- izing rescue efforts. up,another pipe major asked him to liam F. Owens Jr., a 16-year veteran Petty Officer Owens was on leave in join the Clan Erin Pipers, one of the stationed at the Naval Reserve Center the Norfolk area when he and his wife oldestand most prestigious bands in in Boston, Mass., received the Gold signed on for a day of charter fishing theManhattan (N.Y.) area. Mc- Lifesaving Medal from Coast Guard aboard the Dixie Lee ZZ. (Thirteen of Laughlin didn’t hesitate. Commandant Admiral John B. Hayes the 27 people aboard the boat died

Ittakes a lot ofwind to play the in August. He was awarded the na- later fromtheaccident.) ___) Clean-up Hitters

When one1 is commissioned from the enlisted ranks, it’s an occasion worth noting. When four enlisted men from the same squadron attain officer status, it’sreally an achievement. That was the situation when four men from At- tack Squadron Twenty-five were commissioned at Naval Air Station, Lem- oore, Calif.,under the 1977 Limited Duty/Warrant OfEcer program. Holding the “big bats” symbolic of their squadron’s nickname, Fist of the Fleet, are newly commissioned LDOs (1-r) Ensign L. Wilke,Ensign Mark Boudah and Ensign Jesse Wilson, and Chief Warrant Officer Vernon Werre. Atleft is Commander D. J. Wright, executive officer, and at right, VA- 25’s commanding officer, Commander Warner L. Butler.-LTJG Bob Pritchard.

November 1978 29 BearincrsU At about 4:20 p.m., a sudden, severe top of the boat to assist in pulling nine Holland, -owner of the rescue boat storm with heavy rain and high winds survivors out of the water. As the last Joyce Lee, for “single handedly pulling struck the boat, causing it to capsize. survivor was boarding, the boat turned 14 survivors aboard his boat while All of the passengers were thrown into over and tossed everyone back into controlling it.’ ’ the water. Twenty were trapped under the sea. Only 592 Gold Lifesaving Medals the boat. “Petty Officer Owens assisted in have been presented; there have been “Petty Officer Owens immediately returning the non-swimmers to the 1,790 Silver Lifesaving Medal presen- grabbed the woman nearest him and boat. . . . He gave his lifejacket to a tations. The awards were established carried her to the surface of the water. non-swimmer and for about 30 minutes in 1876 by the Secretary of the Treas- He placed her hands in the freeing held two women’s heads out of the ury. Now they are presented by the ports and returned to the confined water,” the citation continues. Department of Transportation.-J0C.S space as the boat was being tossed Owens also freed a nylon line which James Johnston about by the wind,” the citation says. threatened to tangle in the rescue As he swam underwater between boat’s propeller, and assisted in trans- Still Going Strong the restricted area of the boat rail and ferring survivors, including Mrs. Ow- theshelter deck, the boat settled ens, to the rescue boat. There’s no rest for the weary and no across his back, causing him severe The citation also says he adminis- mothballs on order for fleet ocean tugs pain and lossof air. tered first aid, applying tourniquets to USS Salinan (ATF 161) and USS Nip- “. . . facing extremedanger, he control severe bleeding for two vic- muc (ATF 157), thougheach has continued his search and located a tims. served more than 30 years in the fleet. second lady, whom he carried to the The Silver Lifesaving Medal cita- On September I, both grand old ladies surface,” according tothe citation. tions commended James Gallagher Jr. of the auxiliary force were decommis- Owens rescued a man and woman and Michael Shoup-both crew mem- sioned and transferred to the Venezue- whowere non-swimmers, then re- bers on the Dixie Lee ZZ-for distrib- lan navyin ceremonies held atthe turned beneath the boat to search for uting life jackets and giving special Naval Station, Mayport, Fla. additional survivors. Finding none, he attention to non-swimmers. The third Theships were offered to and ac- returned to the surface and climbed on Silver Medal award cited Captain Paul cepted by the Venezuelan navy under normalforeign military sales procedures on an “asis, whereis” basis. RearAdmiral T. R.Kinnebrew, Dep- uty Commander Naval Surface Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet, delivered the tugs to Dr. Felix Rossi Guerrero, Venezue- lanrepresentative. Salinan and Nip- muc were immediately redesignated as ARV Miguel Rodriguez (R23) and ARV AntonioPicardi (R22), respec- tively. Built in 1945 at Charleston, S.C., the primary mission of the tugs was ocean towingand salvage. During their ca- reers, they towed nearly every type of Navy ship and craft, rangingfrom aircraft carriers and battleships to small barges. 9,

30 ALL HANDS USS.Foster - an impressive ship-of-the-line

BY JOC JESSE JOSE

A femaleboot is plying the waters of theWestern Pacific thesedays, teaching old Navy salts new tricks. She’s a lady, a man-o’-war and mighty quick on herfeet. Sailors on theSeventh Fleet destroyer USS Paul F. Foster (DD 964) have found this newclass of combatant takes a little less elbow grease and a lotmore knowledge to maintain and fight.The San Diego-based Foster is currently on her first deployment to the Western Pacific. By all yardsticks, Foster has been a joy and a challenge to her crew. “It’s fascinatingto beon board,” said Chief Electrician’sMate John Johnson. The advanced technology in this ship helps me increase my professional knowledge. The technical man- ualsand Foster’s blueprints are my constant companions.” Foster is Hull Technician First Class Jim Middleton’ssixth ship. “She’s vastly different, more complex. The equipment is incredible,” he said. “It’s an on-going learning experiencefor me.” Fromthe whine of herfour gas turbine enginesxapable of propelling Foster at better than 30 knots-to the

Left: Crewmen stand their bridge watches on the Seventh Fleet’s newest ship, uSS paul F. Foster.

31 vinyl-tiled bulkheads that can be wiped hot spaces of earlier ships. Her gas include Mark 32 torpedoes, anti-sub- downwith a damp cloth, the ship is turbines turn over with the turn of a marine rockets and an SH-3D helicop- different.Since joining the fleet in key; “like starting your car,” one crew ter. Each islinked to the latest sonar March, Foster’s portvisits have member said.Actually, her turbine detection digital computersand fire brought crowds of curious visitors who plant can go from “cold iron’’ to full control systems. find an impressive ship-of-the-line with power in about 15 minutes,several “Thereare additional armaments wide passageways, hatches and doors, hours quicker than conventional .steam planned,such as the Harpoon and many with enough clearance which can plants. Tomuhuwk missiles and the new 8-inch be enjoyed by a 6-foot-4 basketball In the air-conditioned engineering gun, allof which can be accommo- player. While therearen’t many of. central control station, a sophisticated datedeasily without cramping the those people in the Navy, the extra console allows one man to light off the ship’s livability,” said Foster’s skip- marginmakes moving equipment and four gas turbines and monitor their per, Commander Albert L. Kaiss. stores far easier. operation. Topside in Foster’s super- With all this built-in fighting capabil- Visitors also discover highly auto- structure and on her main deck is the ityand advanced propulsion system, mated and coolpropulsion spaces,a real stuff which makes up her fighting the sailors have found the ship livable welcomerelief for those used to the capability.Anti-sub weapons systems and easier to maintain. “She’s big and comfortable,” said Seaman Apprentice Tom Santana, the operator of the walk- in ship’s store. Foster has a compact but complete. workoutroom for physical fitness buffs, lounge areas in theberthing compartments, and color-coordinated interiors. It’s hard to find hazegray and pea green paint in any of her living or ofice spaces. Instead, Foster sports flame-retardantand smoke-resistant fabrics andsurface materials in easy- to-clean solids, plaidsand stripes of gold, brownish orange, blue and green. Her aluminum superstructure and topside decks have tough protective paints which resistrust, pittingand wear. Throughout, attention to easing day-to-daymaintenance has given crew memberslike Boatswain’s Mate Second Class Richard Koch a modest reprievefrom chipping, scraping and painting. “Thatdoesn’t meanwe’ve got it made,” Koch said. “She’s still ade- manding ship and a working ship that requires more thinking on the job than elbow grease.” “Ittakes specialsailors to make things click on Foster,” saidCDR Kaiss. “I’ve been fortunate. My crew is tops and evenly matched with Fos- ter. ” Sporting a multitude of talents and good looks to boot, this lady has tested the young sailors, challengedthe old- timers and won them over in her first trial in the Pacific. J,

Left: A secondary but important duty of the 1:osters anti-subntarinc warjarc hclo is bringing in the mail.

32 ALL HANDS b

" .

November 1978 33 L

BY LT PHILLIP KAZANJIAN Lieutenant Charles Wilkes commanded nations agreed to use the continent an expedition that helped establish the “for peacefulpurposes only” during Antarctica. The name alone conjures existence of the world’s seventh conti- the 30-year treaty term. up visions of endless ice fields buffeted nent.Ninety years passed before the Admiral Byrd’s vision was “. . . that by winds of humcane force. A forbid- famous Navy Antarctic explorer, Rear Antarctica, in its symbolic robe of ding land boasting the lowest tempera- AdmiralRichard E. Byrd,made his white, will shine forth as a continent of ture ever recorded on earth (nearly 130 historic 1929 flight over the South Pole. peacewith nations working together degrees below zero), this desolate con- By the time of Admiral Byrd’s death there in the cause of science setting an tinentcontains 95 percent of the in1957, Antarcticexploration was in example of international cooperation.” world’s permanent ice. It is shrouded full swing with the establishment ofthe Thus, when the President of the in total darknessfor six months of International Geophysical Year (IGY) United States directed the Department each year. of1957-58-later extended-whereby of Defense to provide logistic support Every year since 1955, hundreds of scientists from 12 nations became en- for USARP, it wasonly natural that scientistsjourney to Antarctica in gagedin a peaceful,scientific assault the Navy, withits long tradition of searchof information about our last on the White Continent. By the signing Antarcticexploration, be called upon geographical frontier. Sponsored by of the Antarctic Treaty in 1959, all 12 to direct such support. the National Science Foundation, they ...... are part of the United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP). Butthe scientists are notalone in the Antarctic-the U.S. Navy is there. Men and women of Navy Task Force 199,commonly known as “Operation DeepFreeze,” provide the logistic support which makes it possible for the scientificresearch to continue.From transportation of personnel and equipment to the publication of a bi-weekly newspaper, operation of a 24-hour ra- dio station, and 10 hours of television daily, the Navy provides a vital service in this joint endeavor. Navy involvementin South Polar explorationdates from 1839 when

Ski-equipped C-130 Hercules transport of VXE-6 is alifeline to the outer world.

November 1978 35

”. . ,. ~ . I . . .“_, . L” .. .”” .A”*. ._. . . . .2&

Originally known as Task Force 43, rarily afflicted with “Big Eye”-blood- found livinginside rocks. This area today’s Task Force 199 is composed of shot eyes from the prolonged lack of had been regarded as being as devoid the NavalSupport Force Antarctica sleep.The 24-hour-a-day sunshine oflife as anyregion onearth. The (NSFA) home based at Port Hueneme, fools the senses as well. Even though NationalAeronautics and Space Calif. ; Antarctic Development Squad- tired, one is not sleepy. Administration, which funded, in part, ron Six(VXE-6) operating from Pt. Because there is so much to accom- last year’s dry valley expedition, feels Mugu,Calif.; NSFA Detachment plish and because the summer season thisdiscovery may prove significant Delta, the forward staging base located is relatively short, the pace of work in and even aid future searches for life on at Christchurch, New Zealand; and the Antarcticis hectic. Members of other planets. NSFA Detachment’Alfa-including the NavalConstruction Battalion units On a floating, quarter-mile-thick ice wintering over party-headquartered at work round-the-clock, assembling new stratumthe size of Texas, television McMurdo Station, Antarctica. structures and repairing existing ones. cameras were lowered forthe first time In addition, Coast Guard icebreakers Seabees encounter numerous problems into a “lostsea.” Living creatures andMilitary Sealift Command supply besides the fast work pace-tools be- were found in these frigid, sunless ships join the force during the summer comebrittle in the intensecold and waters that have been covered by ice season,completing the logisticbody. high windscan make welding almost for 12,000 years. Additional support and cooperation are impossible.Despite these difEculties, The Antarctichas a reputation for providedby the RoyalNew Zealand the Seabees have met the challenge of giving up its secrets grudgingly. Explo- Army and Air Force. working inthe Antarctic. ration is always at great personal risk Each September, at the start of the As can be imagined, snow accumu- forthose attempting to unlock the austral summer, the continent is bathed lation, along with the problem of plac- continent’s mysteries, sometimes with insunlight which continues for five ing structures on top of ice, presents a fatal consequences. But thanks to the months. At this time, the Task Force tremendous obstacle to station mainte- dedicationand professionalism of the deploys en masse to McMurdo on the nance.For example, after only 20 men and women assigned to Navy Ross Ice Shelf, the main logistic center years, the original station at the South TaskForce 199, “OperationDeep of operations. Pole collapsed from dri€ting snow cou- Freeze ’78” was completed without In addition to McMurdo, the United pled withheat generated from the loss of life or serious injury. States currently maintains three other buildings.A replacement station was Thus, while the world at times mar- year-roundstations in the Antarctic: completed in 1975. vels atthe scientific achievements Siple, Palmer and South Pole. TheNavy, in recognition of the madein the Antarctic, scientists pay McMurdo, the oldest and largest of difficultand dangerous working envi- tributeto the Navy for its part in the stations, has a summer population ronment people face in this hostile enabling science to conduct research at averaging 800. It is more than 10 times frontier, has, since 1946, awarded to the bottom of the world. The scientific largerthan the other stations on the personnel on Antarctic deployment the assault on the mysteries of the frozen continent, and contains the largest per- Antarctic Service Medal. frontier continues in relative safety. 9, manentbuilding in the Antarctic-a Long hours of workand the quick gigantic(by Antarctic standards) two- pace of the operations are not without story skyscraper. reward.Scientists and support people Livingand working in the land of sharein the knowledge that they are the midnight sun is not without its own pioneering in scientificexploration special problems. Surrounded by con- which may have significant future im- stant sunlight in summerand total pact. darkness in winter, people are tempo- Lastseason, scientistsexploring atop an Antarctic icecap uncovered a The forbidding beautyof Antarctica has fasci- nated explorers and scientists since it was first large number of meteorites which may penetrated by American whalers in the early help unravel the secrets of the origins 19th century. (Topleft)-The tail of a C-130 is oflife upon earth. In the dry valley all that’s visible. Abandonedthe previous sea- area of the Antarcticnot far from son,following an accident, the transport was eventually recovered. McMurdo,minute organisms were

November 1978 37 I USS Newport (LST 1179).

USS Jason (AR8).

38 ALL HANDS Education keeps PACE aboard Newport and. Ja.son

BY JACK BEN-RUBIN

Is it possible to earn college credits its completion, PACE students then loungewas used asa classroom; an without setting foot on a college cam- took up Principles of Economics,a open deck became a lecture hall. Ex- pus? How can a sailor attendclass course whichexamined the problems ams were held in the messhall, the when he’s at sea? of unemployment, inflation. and eco- largest, quietest space available. In the U.S. Navy, where the empha- nomic growth in the United States. However,as on any other Navy sis is on realization of a person’s full Old Dominion University ofVir- ship, working hours didnot follow a potential, earning college credits while ginia, one of the accredited colleges regular 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. routine. As a at sea is not just a possibility-it’s a administering PACE contracts,pro- result, class and study time often had reality. The reality is PACE-Program videdan instructor who joined New- to be arranged around the sailors’ work far Afloat College Education. port for her “Gator Navy” operations schedules. Books,semester hours and other in the Mediterranean. All around the ship and at any time requirements are much the same as for EnsignMark Mahoney, ,the ship’s of theday the learning process went anycollege course.Costs, however, educational services officer, along with on in some form or other. Roaming the are almost insignifcant, with the stu- Personnelman.. Second Class Bruce A. ship, the instructor found himself seek- dent payingonly a small registration Thompson;published registration and ing out students, wherever they were, fee, plus the price of thetextbook. text information and exam schedules in torepeat parts of lectures, clarify When classes are conductedaboard the Plan of the Day. The program was terms and ask questions: ship, there’s no transportation problem heartily endorsed by Commander Rob- 0 In thepersonnel office: “Thomp- and there’s the extra benefit of having ert H. Fred, Newport’s skipper. son, if you wereChairman of the a qualified instructor whocan devote On Newport, the class schedule was Council of Economic Advisors during time exclusively to the students. twice a week for eight weeks with a recession, whatwould be your rec- On USS Newport (LST 1179), for classes normally lasting somewhat over ommendation about taxes?” example, PACErecently attracted 21 two hours. In addition, hour-longre- 0 With the Marines during a break sailors and Marines to its college credit view classes were held each morning, in exercises on Sardinia’sbeaches: Americanhistory and economics and a comprehensive review was con- “Oliver, did the Reconstruction Act courses. American history covered the ducted Friday evenings. Thecrew’s help the nation as a whole more than it social and culturaldevelopments as hurt the South?” well as thepolitical and economic 0 Insick bay: “Lawrence, what is history of the United States. Following inflation all about?”

November.1978, 39 JeffPinnow (center), an instructorfrom ange, Calif., 12 men are enrolled in a Central Texas College, explains how to PACE aboard Jason charge a refrigeration system to a PACE business class while 11 others are in a class aboard USS Jason. BY NORRIS JONES reading-study skills program. College credit earned by the sailors Evenwhile touring Messina, It- PACE is also a reality on USS Jason in theseclasses can be applied toward an aly:“Rumpf, describe the govern- (AR 8), a Pacificfleet repair ship associate’s degree. ment’s fiscal and monetary policies for homeported in San Diego, where Per- A prime example of the success of stabilizing the economy.” sonnelman First Class Art Gaumer, the the Navy’s educational programand The teaching and learning went on, ship’s educational services officer, re- one man’s self motivation isChief and the combined efforts of the Navy, ports that off-duty coursesare filled. Warrant Oficer Robert Seater, assist- Old DominionUniversity, and the Seventeen Jason crew members are ant engineeringofficer in USS Jason PACE instructor paid off. Over 90 taking an electronics course and 13 are (AR 8). percent of the students passed, with a in an air-conditioning repair class pro- In justunder four years, Seater good percentage making A or B honor vided by CentralTexas College of earned three college degrees. Begin- grades.The talent was there; it took Kileen, Texas, PACE contractor for ning with the Associate Degree Com- only a little effort to produce it. vocational courses. pletion Program (ADCOP), he attended Through Chapman Collegeof Or- GrossmontCollege, El Cajon, Calif., full time for two years. By June 1Wl

40 ALL HANDS he had earned an associate of science pathto success. In today’s world of cates are sent to the person’s activity degree in supervisionand manage- specialization and the demand for more for placement in service records. The ment. knowledge,the Navy is keeping credits earned can be applied toward a Then, using his VA education bene- PACE. degree at the participating university or fits, he attended San Diego State Uni- canbe transferred. To date, 30 stu- versity at night. He received his bach- PACE, originally set up in 1960, dents haveearned bachelor’s degrees elor’s in January 1973 and a master’s makes it easy for today’s seagoing and 125 haveearned associate degrees in industrialtechnology in June 1973. Navy people to accumulate collegeunder PACE. Seater, whojoined the Navy after credits. Under the program, a wideIn 1977,19,216 Navypeople studied graduationfrom Metz High School, selection of undergraduatecourses is under PACE. Of those, about 80 per- Metz, Mo., in 1960, saidhe plans to available to any group of 10 enrollees cent completed their courses success- continuehis education and hopes to who meet the participating university’s fully. They have learned that PACE is eventuallywork on his doctorate in requirements. This includes a high an invaluableinvestment which gives a management. school diploma or the GED equivalent. high return. As just one of the many “The opportunities are availablein Selected universities conductthe educational opportunities provided the Navy if you want to discipline courseson land when the ship is in Navy people, PACE widens educa- yourself . . . anddisciplining yourself port. During deployment, a contractor- tional horizons, gives backup training is the key,” he said. approved instructor travelswith the for rating specialties, and brightens Newport and Jason are only two ship for the duration of the program, prospects for later employment. 9, examples of the Navy’s continuing usually eight weeks. interest in providing educational oppor- Upon completion of an entire PACE tunities for those who have a desire to curricula, the Navy member will have learn. At inland stations, in port, and the equivalent of two years of college. evenat sea, theNavy constantly makesavailable the learningexperi- ences which are stepping stones on the

November 1978 41 Rights & Benefits Education in theNavy Is Unlimited BY JO1 DAN WHEELER classes.The objective of suchinstruction is to raise educational levels and, in turn, to increase job performance A 27-year-oldsailor said, “I’.m too, old to goback to and effectiveness of each member of the command. Classes school, I’d be 32 before I could possibly get a degree.” maybe offered in technical,academic, professional and That’s true. Buthe will still be 32 in five years if he vocational subjects at all educational levels. Instructors may doesn’t take advantage of one of the Navy’s many educa- be either military or civilian, but must be qualified to teach tional programs. the skill or subject offered. Why not get started now? Here are a few of the programs 0 DefenseActivity for Non-Traditional Education Sup- opento Navy menand women who qualify. For more port (DANTE.S)-When USAFI was disestablished by informationon every program available, see your Career Congress,two USAFI-related functions critical tothe Counselor and your Education Assistance Officer. successand efficiency of voluntaryeducational programs NavyCampus For Achievement-Nomatter where were assigned to DANTES. The two are: to provide credit you are stationed, you are close to one of the more than by examinationprograms for military personnel; and to 375 Servicemen’s Opportunity Colleges. These schools prepareand distribute a catalog of independent study accept credits earned elsewhere and workclosely with programsand courses available to service members. The service people who are interested in earning an associate’s examination and other services of the DANTES Examina- orbachelor’s degree. In most cases, residencyand on- tionProgram are availableonly to people currently on campus study requirementsare waived, enabling hard active duty. Reservists are eligible only when on active duty working students to continue their studies no matter where for 120 consecutive days or more. their job takes them. 0 NavyHigh School Studies Program-This is a rela- Credit for non-traditional training is also granted, includ- tively new program which provides onduty courses to both ing credit for someextension courses, College Level high school graduates and non-graduates for the purpose of ExaminationProgram examinations, “A” and “C” school increasingmath and reading skills. Fully funded by the completionand military service experience. Courses for Navy, the Navy High School Studies Program was designed whichyou request credit must coincide with the major to increasethe basic educational skills for anyone whose course of study being pursued fora degree or certificate. math or reading level is below 10th grade requirements. Tuition Assistance Program-Under this program, 0 External DegreeProgram-This one isperfect for Navypeople pursuing a degree are eligible for tuition someone with a number of college credits or someone with assistance of up to 75 percent of the cost of tuition. (All enough basic knowledge to pass an examination in a chosen other costs such as books, fees and supplies are borne by field. It generallyallows a maximum transfer of college thestudent.) Study under the program is voluntary and credits toward a degree and gives credit for work experi- duringoff-duty hours. Regular and reserve members on ence, life experiences and individual study. Residency continuous active duty for120 days or more are eligible. requirements are waived, students can proceed at their own 0 Program for AfloatCollege Education (PACE)-A pace, and credits currently being earned at other institutions component of the Navy Campus for Achievement program, are allowed to fulfill degree requirements of the university PACEmakes it possible for sailors on sea duty to earn offering the external degree. creditswhile away from their homeport. Courses may be “A” School-About three-quarters of all sailors com- authorized if yourship has a minimumof 10 prospective ing out of boot camp go directly to an “A” School where students for each course and each student has completed they learn the basic knowledge and skillsof a rating. therecommended prerequisites or theirequivalents. Stu- “C” School-The Navy’smost specialized schools, dents pay only the registration fees stipulated in the contract theyprovide advanced knowledge, skills and techniques between the Navy and the university offering thecourse. needed to perform in a particular job or billet. Functional InstructorHire Program-Thisprogram affordscom- and fleet schools are two other types of schools Navy men manding officers an opportunity to provide higher education and women may attendto increase their levelof job to members of their commands through command-organized competency and enhance their chances for promotion.

42 ALL HANDS Functionalschools provide training to officersand en- which is open to male personnel who are E-6, 7 or 8 and listed men and women, usually in a group or team situation, havecompleted between eight and 16 years of service; in .a specialized task or function such as salvage,mine WarrantOfficer Program, which is open to outstanding warfare, explosive ordnance disposal or nuclear weapons. enlisted menand women in the Regular Navy or Naval Normally,these schools teach subjects and skills not Reserve; and the Broadened Opportunity for Officer Selec- considered part of the knowledgegenerally needed for a tion and Training Program (BOOST), which was designed person to perform in his rating or job specialty. Functional for Navy people who show leadership potential but have schools also provide trairriing in the weapons 'or advanced inadequate academic backgrounds and which helps openthe systems not yetin fleetwide use. door for an appointment to the U.S. Naval Academy or an Fleet schools provide refresher and team training to fleet NROTC officer procurement program. personnel who normally are members of ships' companies. These are but a few of the many programs open to Navy Examples of theseschools are amphibious, destroyer, menand women who want to increasetheir educational submarine andmine warfare schools. level while enhancing theirchances for promotion or gaining 0 The Navy also offers officertraining programs for a commission. Don't be a "steam'n' seaman" for four enlisted members who aspire to be commissioned officers. years. Take advantage of the opportunity to be somebody Some of these programs are: Limited Duty mcer Program, special. Talkit over with your career counselor-today. 9, p. s

November 1978 43 Xothings Slow About Slow Pitch Softball

44 ALL HANDS manding leads inalmost each game only to watchthat lead shrink, then disappear altogether. Their final game against the tournament-winning Air Force team was no exception. In what tournament observ- ers described as the toughest game of the championship, Navy men knocked Air Force pitchesall over the park. But when thedust had settled, Air Force took a 15-13 win-and the championship. Slow pitch softballas played by both Navy men and women is anything but slow. It requires the pitcher to throw a ball at moderatespeed to the batter. Buteverything else about this year's All-Navyand Interservice Slow Pitch Softball Championships was full speed ahead. It just seems that Navymen four-run rally-including a two-run ho- The Navy team then took 'oh the had a littletrouble staying on course mer by Maggie Hernandez-to jump in traditionallypowerful Marine Corps whilethe women consistently stayed front. women's team and made it look easy on track to the end. J, Once the Navywomen took the as they pounded the Marines with 15 lead, it was all over as the Air Force hits for a 14-1 win. (Contributingto this story were J02 Fred Valdez and J02 Rich Yanku. Photos by pH2 losttheir offensivepunch andthe Whatworked so well forNavy Dave Fraker, PHAN Harry Weddington, 502 Navy found theirs. Navy scored three women should have worked for Navy Yanku and SheppardAFB.) more times in the fifth with Hernandez men-but didn't.The song sung at onceagain providing the key, a run- Fort Indiantown Gap was always the scoring double. same: Navy men jumped into com-

I Minutemen 4 Mount-Out’ - in0 a

BY J03 P. M. CALLAGHAN “They told us to go, and so we went.” And when you’re a Seabee,that means “mount-out.’’ The Minutemen of Naval Mobile ConstructionBattalion (NMCB) 62 must be ready to move out at a given moment.As the PacificFleet’s alert battalion based on Guam, their recent exercise was a reminder that the success of amount-out depends on the timeit takes to packseabags, equipment and weapons;to get airlifted from one place to another; and to do the job once they arrive. At10:20 a.m. on arestful Sunday, the mount-outbegan. Off-base liberty suddenly was cancelled, security guards were posted, and the word was passed. Extra communicationlines were installed in anticipation of heavyradio traffic, and NMCB 62 was in a state of emergency. In less than 48 hours, an air detachment of 89 men with full combat gear was speeding toward Andersen Air Force Basein a police-escorted con- voy. Thirty-three pieces of equipment stood on the landing apron: front end loaders, 2I/2-ton trucks, jeeps, lowboys andconcrete mixers. In short, it was the “guts” of any Seabee unit, ready for loading aboard 11 C-141 Starlifters of the Military Airljft Command. But the 11 would be needed only in reality; two Starlifters were enough to meet the needs of this particular exercise. The condition of Seabee equipment was evaluated by Air Force members of the Airlift Control Element (ALCE) at Andersen. Two loadmasters from ALCE also assisted Seabees in the tricky business of easing the bulky equipment intothe C-141s’ cargo holds. At the air base, the detachment was inspected by Marine Major P. J. Mc- Cam, military readiness officer for the NMCB 62’s cargo gets an Air Force assist into a C-141 Starlifter aircraft. Commander,Construction Battalions,

ALL HANDS I 46 Hurry

by sea. 9, ,@

November 1978 47 I Mail Buov

Old Airplanes Type 111 duty. The need.s ofthe service ut unygiven time dictute. Currently, the Sir:Regarding PO2 Hess’ question criticulneed for SK undmuny other Reunions about the FR-I Fireball in Mail Buoy in ratings is ushore. Consequently, personnel the September 1978 issue-the FR-1 Fire- completing u seu tour in these ratings will Naval Air TransportService-Third bull, builtby Ryan Aeronautical Co. in probably be ussigned ushore. reunion, Aug. 16-23,1979, in Honolulu, San Diego, was the Navy’s first jet-pow- Any request for Type III duty for the Hawaii, for all squadrons-active, reserve. ered aircraft. In addition to the reciprocat- rutings thut are criticully munned ushore Contact CAFI Alvin R. May Jr., USNR ing engine in the nose which turned the will be considered uccordingly.--Ed. (Ret.), 1015 WestSouth Avenue, Inde- prop (shown feathered in the picture),a pendence, Mo. 64050. small jet engine was installed in the fuse- U.S. NuvulGroup Chinu (SACOj- lage aft of the cockpit. Sand Pebbles Annual convention in Taiwan,Oct 28- The jet wasused primarily to increase Nov. 11, 1979. Limited number of bona the aircraft’s total performance andwas Sir: Correct me if I am wrong, but I fide veterans will be accepted. Contact W. not normally used as the sole source of don’t believe the members of the Yangtze P. Simmons, Box 2608, San Rafael, Calif. power. However, as is evidenced in the River Patrol (“RiverRats Remember,” 94902. photo, it could sustain flighton the jet All Hands, July 1978) were ever referred 0 USS Little (DD 803)-Reunion pro- only, and, in the days of piston power, it to as “sand pebbles.”-Mary R. Voeltz. posed for shipmates and survivors of Lit- was quite a sight to see it flying along with 0 When the Yungtze River Putrol M’US tle, which was sunk off Okinawa on May no apparent means of propulsion. uctive--1854-194litsmembers werenot 3, 1945. Reunion planned for May 3, 1979, Still on the subject of old airplanes, the referred to us the “sand pebbles.” It M’US in Buena Park, Calif.Contact Doyle *E. aircraft shown in the article, “The Imita- not until 1962, tt,henRichurd McKennu Kennedy, 2227 Wagner,Anaheim, Calif. tor,” same issue, is indeed a B-26, except wrote TheSand Pebbles, u novel htshich 92806. that it is not the Martin B-26Muruuder of turned into a bestseller und, later, u pop- NROTC “Reunion 79””The NROTC World War I1 fame (some say infamy). ular motion picture, that the term cume Unit at the University of Louisville has Some time after the war, when the Martin intouse. In Mr. McKennu’s novel,the been scheduled for disestablishment effec- Muruuder wasno longer in service, this “sand pebble” was the nume the Chinese tive June 30, 1979. As a parting tribute to aircraft came out and was also designated ga~~to his Jictional gunboat, San Pablo. the manyhundreds of NROTC midship- the B-26. The Navy used these as gunnery To muny, this fictionul nicknume became men, NESEPs and instructordstaff who target tow aircraft under the designation of synonymous with the Yungtze River Pu- have graduatedfrom or served with the JD (Jig Dog). It wasbuilt by Douglas.- trol. Since it is cr recently coined Mwrd, the University of Louisville NROTC Unit, a CA€T Harry L. Bixby, USN. writer of this article pluced quotation reunion is being planned for May 12, 1979. marks about it.-Ed. All NROTUNESEP graduates and former staff areasked to write “Reunion 79,” Type 111 Duty NROTCUnit, University of Louisville, h Louisville, Ky. 40208. SIR:I amdue for orders to shore duty andam currently serving on Type I1 sea USS Somers (DD 381)-Reunion to duty. I read an article that stated BUPERS be held in Indianapolis, Ind., July 28-30, was encouraging sailors who were com- 1979, for all personnel who served aboard pleting sea duty tours to request assign- the USS Somers (DD 381). ContactFred ment toType I11 duty. However,after McKinney, 5425 W. Ruskin Place, Indian- calling my detailer, I found out that this apolis, Ind. 46224. information was either not valid any more 0 USS Wudleigh (DD 689tReunion in or hasn’t been promulgated. Any informa- 1979 for those who served in Wadleigh tion on this subject would be appreciated.- during World War 11. Contact Elwood SK2 M.K. Davis. East, 107 Cheapside. R-705, Lexington, BUPERS wus not able to locute uny Ky. 40507. published policy statement to support your e uss Philippine Seu (CVA 47)-Plan- claim with regard to Type 111 duty. This ning reunions for 1979 on the EastCoast idea may be u holdover from the old Fleet and for 1980 or 1981on the West Coast. Readiness Improvement Progrum (FRIP) Contact A. G. LeBaron.Box 668. Moul- days when the Navy wus trying to get sea ton, Ala. 35650. manning up to 100 percent. As it stunds e USS Hollis (DE 794/APD 86)-Re- now, BUPERS defines Type I11 dutyus unionplanned in Chicago or Milwaukee overseas shore duty counting us sea duty. for August or September 1979. Contact Ed There is no policy precluding assignment Wamser, 205 W. Highland Ave.. Milwau- kee, Wis. 53203.

ALL HANDS Stern Shots

From its inception, the Navy has been a leader in its ready acceptance of technical advancements and innovations. In no field has this characteristic been more striking than in naval aviation, asthese silhouettes of current Navy aircraft reveal.Match the aircraft desig- nations with their silhouettes:

1. E-2C Hawkeye 2. A-6E Intruder 3. US-3AViking 4. H-46 Sea Knight 5. T-2C Buckeye 6. T-39 Sabreliner 7. F-14A Tomcat

Answers:

November 1978 L A I