DOCSLIB.ORG

The Boys of •Ž98

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Boys of •Ž98 The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Boys of ’98 by James Otis This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: The Boys of ’98 Author: James Otis Release Date: December 15, 2009 [Ebook 30684] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOYS OF ’98*** THE BOYS OF ’98 STORIES of AMERICAN HISTORY By James Otis 1. When We Destroyed the Gaspee 2. Boston Boys of 1775 3. When Dewey Came to Manila 4. Off Santiago with Sampson 5. When Israel Putnam Served the King 6. The Signal Boys of ’75 (A Tale of the Siege of Boston) 7. Under the Liberty Tree (A Story of the Boston Massacre) 8. The Boys of 1745 (The Capture of Louisburg) 9. An Island Refuge (Casco Bay in 1676) 10. Neal the Miller (A Son of Liberty) 11. Ezra Jordan’s Escape (The Massacre at Fort Loyall) DANA ESTES & COMPANY Publishers Estes Press, Summer St., Boston THE CHARGE AT EL CANEY. [iii] THE BOYS OF ’98 BY JAMES OTIS AUTHOR OF “TOBY TYLER,”“JENNY WREN’S BOARDING HOUSE,” “THE BOYS OF FORT SCHUYLER,” ETC. vii Illustrated by J. STEEPLE DAVIS FRANK T. MERRILL And with Reproductions of Photographs ELEVENTH THOUSAND BOSTON DANA ESTES & COMPANY PUBLISHERS [iv] Copyright, 1898 BY DANA ESTES &COMPANY [v] CONTENTS. CHAPTER PAGE I. THE BATTLE-SHIP MAINE 1 II. THE PRELIMINARIES 19 III. A DECLARATION OF WAR 38 IV. THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY 64 V. NEWS OF THE DAY 92 VI. CARDENAS AND SAN JUAN 117 VII. FROM ALL QUARTERS 130 VIII. HOBSON AND THE MERRIMAC 149 IX. BY WIRE 171 X. SANTIAGO DE CUBA 194 XI. EL CANEY AND SAN JUAN HEIGHTS 224 XII. THE SPANISH FLEET 254 XIII. THE SURRENDER OF SANTIAGO 290 XIV. MINOR EVENTS 302 XV. THE PORTO RICAN CAMPAIGN 320 XVI. THE FALL OF MANILA 335 XVII. PEACE 345 APPENDIX A—THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 355 APPENDIX B—WAR-SHIPS AND SIGNALS 370 APPENDIX C—SANTIAGO DE CUBA 379 APPENDIX D—PORTO RICO 383 APPENDIX E—THE BAY OF GUANTANAMO 386 [vi] [vii] ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE THE CHARGE AT EL CANEY Frontispiece U. S. S. MAINE 7 CAPTAIN C. D. SIGSBEE 12 EX-MINISTER DE LOME 20 U. S. S. MONTGOMERY 24 MAJOR-GENERAL FITZHUGH LEE 30 U. S. S. COLUMBIA 38 CAPTAIN-GENERAL BLANCO 44 PREMIER SAGASTA 49 PRESIDENT WILLIAM MCKINLEY 55 U. S. S. PURITAN 58 ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY 64 U. S. S. OLYMPIA 69 U. S. S. BALTIMORE 72 BATTLE OF MANILA BAY 75 U. S. S. BOSTON 77 U. S. S. CONCORD 82 U. S. S. TERROR 99 JOHN D. LONG,SECRETARY OF NAVY 107 U. S. S. CHICAGO 117 THE TRAGEDY OF THE WINSLOW 119 U. S. S. AMPHITRITE 123 THE BOMBARDMENT OF SAN JUAN,PORTO RICO 127 U. S. S. MIANTONOMAH 130 ADMIRAL SCHLEY 135 xi U. S. S. MONTEREY 144 U. S. S. MASSACHUSETTS 151 LIEUTENANT HOBSON 156 U. S. S. NEW YORK 161 HOBSON AND HIS MEN ON THE RAFT 166 ADMIRAL CERVERA 169 QUEEN REGENT,MARIA CHRISTINA OF SPAIN 171 GENERAL GARCIA 181 ADMIRAL CAMARA 186 GENERAL AUGUSTI 192 U. S. S. MARBLEHEAD 201 U. S. S. VESUVIUS 207 U. S. S. TEXAS 215 COLONEL THEODORE ROOSEVELT 218 MAJOR-GENERAL SHAFTER 224 THE ATTACK ON SAN JUAN HILL 229 VICE-PRESIDENT HOBART 234 U. S. S. NEWARK 239 ADMIRAL W. T. SAMPSON 243 GENERAL WEYLER 254 CAPTAIN R. D. EVANS 256 U. S. S. IOWA 262 THE DESTRUCTION OF CERVERA’S FLEET 266 U. S. S. INDIANA 269 U. S. S. OREGON 275 U. S. S. BROOKLYN 282 MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH WHEELER 292 KING ALPHONSO XIII. OF SPAIN 300 GENERAL GOMEZ 311 U. S. S. NEW ORLEANS 314 U. S. S. SAN FRANCISCO 318 MAJOR-GENERAL MILES 320 MAJOR-GENERAL BROOKE 327 xii The Boys of â98 GENERAL BROOKE RECEIVING THE NEWS OF THE 333 PROTOCOL GENERAL RUSSELL A. ALGER,SECRETARY OF 334 WAR MAJOR-GENERAL WESLEY MERRITT 344 DON CARLOS 349 [x] [1] THE BOYS OF ’98. CHAPTER I. THE BATTLE-SHIP MAINE. At or about eleven o’clock on the morning of January 25th the United States battle-ship Maine steamed through the narrow channel which gives entrance to the inner harbour of Havana, and came to anchor at Buoy No. 4, in obedience to orders from the captain of the port, in from five and one-half to six fathoms of water. She swung at her cables within five hundred yards of the arsenal, and about two hundred yards distant from the floating dock. Very shortly afterward the rapid-firing guns on her bow roared out a salute as the Spanish colours were run up to the mizzenmast- head, and this thunderous announcement of friendliness was first answered by Morro Castle, followed a few moments later by the Spanish cruiser Alphonso XII. and a German school-ship. The reverberations had hardly ceased before the captain of the [2] port and an officer from the Spanish war-vessel, each in his gaily decked launch, came alongside the battle-ship in accordance with the rules of naval etiquette. 2 The Boys of â98 Lieut. John J. Blandin, officer of the deck, received the visitors at the head of the gangway and escorted them to the captain’s cabin. A few moments later came an officer from the German ship, and the courtesies of welcoming the Americans were at an end. The Maine was an armoured, twin-screw battle-ship of the second class, 318 feet in length, 57 feet in breadth, with a draught of 21 feet, 6 inches; of 6,648 tons displacement, with engines of 9,293 indicated horse-power, giving her a speed of 17.75 knots. She was built in the Brooklyn navy yard, according to act of Congress, August 3, 1886. Work on her was commenced October 11, 1888; she was launched November 18, 1890, and put into commission September 17, 1895. She was built after the designs of chief constructor T. D. Wilson. The delay in going into commission is said to have been due to the difficulty in getting satisfactory armour. The side armour was twelve inches thick; the two steel barbettes were each of the same thickness, and the walls of the turrets were eight inches thick. In her main battery were four 10-inch and six 6-inch breech- loading rifles; in the secondary battery seven 6-pounder and eight 1-pounder rapid-fire guns and four Gatlings. Her crew was made [3] up of 370 men, and the following officers: Capt. C. D. Sigsbee, Lieut.-Commander R. Wainwright, Lieut. G. F. W. Holman, Lieut. J. Hood, Lieut. C. W. Jungen, Lieut. G. P. Blow, Lieut. F. W. Jenkins, Lieut. J. J. Blandin, Surgeon S. G. Heneberger, Paymaster C. M. Ray, Chief Engineer C. P. Howell, Chaplain J. P. Chidwick, Passed Assistant Engineer F. C. Bowers, Lieutenant of Marines A. Catlin, Assistant Engineer J. R. Morris, Assistant Engineer Darwin R. Merritt, Naval Cadet J. H. Holden, Naval Cadet W. T. Cluverius, Naval Cadet R. Bronson, Naval Cadet P. Washington, Naval Cadet A. Crenshaw, Naval Cadet J. T. Boyd, Boatswain F. E. Larkin, Gunner J. Hill, Carpenter J. Helm, Paymaster’s Clerk B. McCarthy. Why had the Maine been sent to this port? CHAPTER I. 3 The official reason given by the Secretary of the Navy when he notified the Spanish minister, Señor Dupuy de Lome, was that the visit of the Maine was simply intended as a friendly call, according to the recognised custom of nations. The United States minister at Madrid, General Woodford, also announced the same in substance to the Spanish Minister of State. It having been repeatedly declared by the government at Madrid that a state of war did not exist in Cuba, and that the relations between the United States and Spain were of the most friendly character, nothing less could be done than accept the official construction put upon the visit. [4] The Spanish public, however, were not disposed to view the matter in the same light, as may be seen by the following extracts from newspapers: “If the government of the United States sends one war-ship to Cuba, a thing it is no longer likely to do, Spain would act with energy and without vacillation.”—El Heraldo, January 16th. “We see now the eagerness of the Yankees to seize Cuba.”—The Imparcial, January 23d. The same paper, on the 27th, declared: “If Havana people, exasperated at American impudence in sending the Maine, do some rash, disagreeable thing, the civilised world will know too well who is responsible. The American government must know that the road it has taken leads to war between both nations.” On January 25th Madrid newspapers made general comment upon the official explanation of the Maine’s visit to Havana, and agreed in expressing the opinion that her visit is “inopportune and calculated to encourage the insurgents.” It was announced that, “following Washington’s example,” the Spanish government will “instruct Spanish war-ships to visit a few American ports.” The Imparcial expresses fear that the despatch of the Maine to Havana will provoke a conflict, and adds: 4 The Boys of â98 “Europe cannot doubt America’s attitude towards Spain. But [5] the Spanish people, if necessary, will do their duty with honour.” The Epocha asks if the despatch of the Maine to Havana is “intended as a sop to the Jingoes,” and adds: “We cannot suppose the American government so naïve or badly informed as to imagine that the presence of American war-vessels at Havana will be a cause of satisfaction to Spain or an indication of friendship.” The people of the United States generally believed that the battle-ship had been sent to Cuba because of the disturbances existing in the city of Havana, which seemingly threatened the safety of Americans there.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • December 2017.Pdf
    MILITARY SEA SERVICES MUSEUM, INC. SEA SERVICES SCUTTLEBUTT December 2017 A message from the President Greetings, The year 2017 was another good year for the Museum. Thanks to our Member's dues, a substantial contribution from our most generous member and contributions from a couple of local patriotic organizations, we will end the year financially sound and feeling confident that we will be able to make any emergency repairs and continue to make improvements to the Museum. As reported in previous Scuttlebutts, most of our major projects have been completed. Our upgraded security system with motion activated cameras inside the Museum and outside the shed John Cecil should be completed this month. The construction of a concrete structure for the mid-1600s British Admiralty Cannon should be completed early next year. I hope everyone has a Merry Christmas and a New Year that is happy, healthy and prosperous. On this Christmas day let's all say a prayer for our troops that can't be home with families and loved ones. They are doing a great job of preventing the spread of terrorism and protecting our freedoms. Please say a prayer for their safe return home. John Military Sea Services entry in Sebring's 2017 Veteran's Day Parade The construction on Fred Carino's boat was done by Fred and his brother Chris. The replica of the bow ornament was done by Mary Anne Lamorte and her granddaughter Dominique Juliano. Military Sea Services Museum Hours of Operation 1402 Roseland Avenue, Sebring, Open: Thursday through Saturday Florida, 33870 Phone: (863) 385-0992 Noon to 4:00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Navy and World War I: 1914–1922
    Cover: During World War I, convoys carried almost two million men to Europe. In this 1920 oil painting “A Fast Convoy” by Burnell Poole, the destroyer USS Allen (DD-66) is shown escorting USS Leviathan (SP-1326). Throughout the course of the war, Leviathan transported more than 98,000 troops. Naval History and Heritage Command 1 United States Navy and World War I: 1914–1922 Frank A. Blazich Jr., PhD Naval History and Heritage Command Introduction This document is intended to provide readers with a chronological progression of the activities of the United States Navy and its involvement with World War I as an outside observer, active participant, and victor engaged in the war’s lingering effects in the postwar period. The document is not a comprehensive timeline of every action, policy decision, or ship movement. What is provided is a glimpse into how the 20th century’s first global conflict influenced the Navy and its evolution throughout the conflict and the immediate aftermath. The source base is predominately composed of the published records of the Navy and the primary materials gathered under the supervision of Captain Dudley Knox in the Historical Section in the Office of Naval Records and Library. A thorough chronology remains to be written on the Navy’s actions in regard to World War I. The nationality of all vessels, unless otherwise listed, is the United States. All errors and omissions are solely those of the author. Table of Contents 1914..................................................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue of United States Public Documents, September 1905
    No. 129 September, 1905 CATALOGUE OF United States Public Documents Issued Monthly BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS Government Printing Office Washington Government Printing Office 1905 Table of Contents Page Page 447 State, Department of....... .. 463 General Information............................. 449 j Treasury Department....... .. 464 Congress of United States..................... 449 । War Department................ .. 466 Sheep-bound Reserve..................... 449 Courts of United States.... .. 469 President of United States ................... 449 | District of Columbia......... .. 469 Agriculture, Department of.............. 452 [ Smithsonian Institution .. .. 469 Commerce and Labor, Department of. 457 1 Various Bureaus............... .. 471 Interior, Department of the................. 461 I Shipments to Depositories .. 473 Justice, Department of.......................... Navy Department.................................. 461 I Index.................................. Post-Office Department........................ 462 I Abbreviations Used in this Catalogue ...acad. Mile, miles.......................... m. Academy....................................... Miscellaneous..................................... ... Agricultural................................ ...agric. .amdts. Nautical............................................... naut. Amendments............................... Number, numbers..........................no., nos. American..................................... ..Amer. Appendix .................................... ....app.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to loe removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI* Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 WASHINGTON IRVING CHAMBERS: INNOVATION, PROFESSIONALIZATION, AND THE NEW NAVY, 1872-1919 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctorof Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Stephen Kenneth Stein, B.A., M.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Used by Permission. the United States Navy Supply Corps and A
    SUMMER 2021 SUPPLY CORPS FOUNDATION “OAKLEAF” Used by permission. The United States Navy Supply Corps and a Philippine Heritage By Dan McKinnon Among all the U.S. Navy officer communities and corps, none have a more special relationship with the Filipino in our Navy than the Supply Corps. That partnership has a history that should be understood. The history of the Philippines is remarkably intertwined with the United States. It was for half a century our colony. Its school system and governance are in our model. Along with Canada and Great Britain it is arguably our nation’s closest ally of the past century. It is the third largest English-speaking nation in the world and over 300,000 Americans live in the Philippines and four million former Filipinos live in the United States where Tagalog is the fourth most spoken language. The history of the creation of the Philippine nation is well told. How the Spanish American War was intended to help the Cuban “War of Independence” against a European power. How the United States sent the Battleship Maine to the Havana Harbor to ensure the safety of Americans. How on February, 15, 1898 the Maine sank following a massive explosion with 266 men killed and a Spanish torpedo blamed. How a rallying cry “Remember the Maine” helped pave a road to war. How our blockade of Cuba led Spain to declare war on April 21, 1898. How Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt stepped down and became Teddy Roosevelt of the “Rough Riders”, and as Acting Navy Secretary had ordered the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • An Incomplete History of the USS FISKE (DD/DDR 842)
    An Incomplete History of the USS FISKE (DD/DDR 842) For The Fiske Association Prepared by R. C. Mabe – Association Historian October 1999 Edited & revised by G. E. Beyer – Association Historian September 2007 Introduction The USS FISKE was a Gearing Class destroyer, the last of the World War II design destroyers. She served in the US Navy from 1945 until 1980 and was subsequently transferred to the Turkish Navy where she served as the TCG Piyale Pasa (D350). The former FISKE was heavily damaged in 1996 when she ran aground and was scrapped in early 1999. Altogether the FISKE served two navies for over 54 years. I am titling this report as an „Incomplete History of the USS Fiske DD/DDR 842‟ for the simple reason that it not complete. I am continuing to try and fill the gaps and inconsistencies to the best of my ability. Any help in this effort will be appreciated. The Soul of a Ship Now, some say that men make a ship and her fame As she goes on her way down the sea: That the crew which first man her will give her a name – Good, bad, or whatever may be. Those coming after fall in line And carry the tradition along – If the spirit was good, it will always be fine – If bad, it will always be wrong/ The soul of a ship is a marvelous thing. Not made of its wood or its steel, But fashioned of mem‟ries and songs that men sing, And fed by the passions men feel.
    [Show full text]
  • Two US Navy's Submarines
    Now available to the public by subscription. See Page 63 Volume 2018 2nd Quarter American $6.00 Submariner Special Election Issue USS Thresher (SSN-593) America’s two nuclear boats on Eternal Patrol USS Scorpion (SSN-589) More information on page 20 Download your American Submariner Electronically - Same great magazine, available earlier. Send an E-mail to [email protected] requesting the change. ISBN List 978-0-9896015-0-4 American Submariner Page 2 - American Submariner Volume 2018 - Issue 2 Page 3 Table of Contents Page Number Article 3 Table of Contents, Deadlines for Submission 4 USSVI National Officers 6 Selected USSVI . Contacts and Committees AMERICAN 6 Veterans Affairs Service Officer 6 Message from the Chaplain SUBMARINER 7 District and Base News This Official Magazine of the United 7 (change of pace) John and Jim States Submarine Veterans Inc. is 8 USSVI Regions and Districts published quarterly by USSVI. 9 Why is a Ship Called a She? United States Submarine Veterans Inc. 9 Then and Now is a non-profit 501 (C) (19) corporation 10 More Base News in the State of Connecticut. 11 Does Anybody Know . 11 “How I See It” Message from the Editor National Editor 12 2017 Awards Selections Chuck Emmett 13 “A Guardian Angel with Dolphins” 7011 W. Risner Rd. 14 Letters to the Editor Glendale, AZ 85308 18 Shipmate Honored Posthumously . (623) 455-8999 20 Scorpion and Thresher - (Our “Nuclears” on EP) [email protected] 22 Change of Command Assistant Editor 23 . Our Brother 24 A Boat Sailor . 100-Year Life Bob Farris (315) 529-9756 26 Election 2018: Bios [email protected] 41 2018 OFFICIAL BALLOT 43 …Presence of a Higher Power Assoc.
    [Show full text]
  • New Interpretations in Naval History Craig C
    U.S. Naval War College U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons Historical Monographs Special Collections 1-1-2012 HM 20: New Interpretations in Naval History Craig C. Felker Marcus O. Jones Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/historical-monographs Recommended Citation Felker, Craig C. and Jones, Marcus O., "HM 20: New Interpretations in Naval History" (2012). Historical Monographs. 20. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/historical-monographs/20 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Historical Monographs by an authorized administrator of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS New Interpretations in Naval History Selected Papers from the Sixteenth Naval History Symposium Held at the United States Naval Academy 10–11 September 2009 New Interpretations in Naval History Interpretations inNaval New Edited by Craig C. Felker and Marcus O. Jones O. andMarcus Felker C. Craig by Edited Edited by Craig C. Felker and Marcus O. Jones NNWC_HM20_A-WTypeRPic.inddWC_HM20_A-WTypeRPic.indd 1 22/15/2012/15/2012 33:23:40:23:40 PPMM COVER The Four Days’ Battle of 1666, by Richard Endsor. Reproduced by courtesy of Mr. Endsor and of Frank L. Fox, author of A Distant Storm: The Four Days’ Battle of 1666 (Rotherfi eld, U.K.: Press of Sail, 1996). The inset (and title-page background image) is a detail of a group photo of the midshipmen of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Lee F. Burtch
    1 Lee F. Burtch U.S. Navy ma, Guam, Rota, Tinian, Saipan, Truk, Okinawa, Formosa and the Marshall Islands. Lee remem- bers seeing many kamikaze pilots shot down. He was so close at times he could see their faces and could only think that was some mother’s son. Their ship rescued many American men out of those waters as ships around them were sunk. Lee remembers being off Iwo Jima when it was announced that Ernie Pyle, the WW II correspondent, had been killed on the island. His ship was the first to receive the news. Pyle was from nearby Dana, Indiana, near Highway 36, a few miles east of the Illinois border. Few people today know the name Ernie Pyle, but at that time everyone knew of him. The Baltimore was ordered back to San Francisco, California, while on its way to Pearl Harbor the day it was bombed. The crew was greatly disappointed and did not know why they were being called back. But as ramps were being built onto the ship, it was evident that President Franklin Roosevelt was going to board. He had requested the USS Baltimore since that was where he was from. The ship with the President Lee Francis Burtch aboard arrived in Pearl Harbor July 26, 1944. WWII Us Navy Radioman There was a great reception for the President where 1,000 planes passed over the ship in sa- lute. Men on tugs were dressed whites standing Lee Francis Burtch was born in Springfield, at attention. Admirals Nimitz and King and Gen- Illinois on October 19, 1920 the son of Lee and Ma- eral MacArthur and others were present.
    [Show full text]
  • 2Nd Quarter 2011 "Rest Well, Yet Sleep Lightly and Hear the Call, If Again Sounded, to Provide Firepower for Freedom…”
    Total received donations for the Vietnam Era Display are at $3,100, with $1,900 needed to reach a ship’s goal of $5,000. Can you help? (See page 22) LOOKING BACK... 2nd Quarter 2011 "Rest well, yet sleep lightly and hear the call, if again sounded, to provide firepower for freedom…” THE JERSEYMAN 9 Years - Nr. 70 World War II Memorial Washington, D.C. 2 THE JERSEYMAN LOOKING BACK… May 23, 1943 World War II commissioning of the USS New Jersey, May 23, 1943. My mother is the taller of the two uniformed WAVE personnel, dead center on the fantail, and facing the camera. Mom is now 93 years old, and she will be 94 in August. She is very cognizant of the events and details of her assignment, and which happened before she married. She is very proud of her service to her country as a WAVE. Although she would have liked to stay in the navy, she had to leave the service in August 1945, as World War II ended, because even though she had later married she was pregnant with my oldest brother. At that time, WAVES would not permit expectant mothers to remain on active duty, married or not. I think a lot has probably changed in the navy since then. David Jennings Midlothian, Virginia Catherine DeSales Corbett Jennings, was one of two waves that were assigned to USS New Jersey for 1 month before the ship was commissioned. Once the ship was commissioned on 23 May 1943, the WAVES were reassigned back to their original duty station at BUPERS (Bureau of Naval Personnel) in Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix As Too Inclusive
    Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Appendix I A Chronological List of Cases Involving the Landing of United States Forces to Protect the Lives and Property of Nationals Abroad Prior to World War II* This Appendix contains a chronological list of pre-World War II cases in which the United States landed troops in foreign countries to pro- tect the lives and property of its nationals.1 Inclusion of a case does not nec- essarily imply that the exercise of forcible self-help was motivated solely, or even primarily, out of concern for US nationals.2 In many instances there is room for disagreement as to what motive predominated, but in all cases in- cluded herein the US forces involved afforded some measure of protection to US nationals or their property. The cases are listed according to the date of the first use of US forces. A case is included only where there was an actual physical landing to protect nationals who were the subject of, or were threatened by, immediate or po- tential danger. Thus, for example, cases involving the landing of troops to punish past transgressions, or for the ostensible purpose of protecting na- tionals at some remote time in the future, have been omitted. While an ef- fort to isolate individual fact situations has been made, there are a good number of situations involving multiple landings closely related in time or context which, for the sake of convenience, have been treated herein as sin- gle episodes. The list of cases is based primarily upon the sources cited following this paragraph.
    [Show full text]
  • The US Asiatic Fleet's Gray-Zone Deterrence Campaign Against Japan, 1937–40
    Naval War College Review Volume 72 Article 9 Number 3 Summer 2019 2019 “They Were Playing Chicken”—The .SU . Asiatic Fleet’s Gray-Zone Deterrence Campaign against Japan, 1937–40 Hunter Stires Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation Stires, Hunter (2019) "“They eW re Playing Chicken”—The .SU . Asiatic Fleet’s Gray-Zone Deterrence Campaign against Japan, 1937–40," Naval War College Review: Vol. 72 : No. 3 , Article 9. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol72/iss3/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Stires: “They Were Playing Chicken”—The U.S. Asiatic Fleet’s Gray-Zone De “THEY WERE PLAYING CHICKEN” The U.S. Asiatic Fleet’s Gray-Zone Deterrence Campaign against Japan, 1937–40 Hunter Stires he United States is facing a significant strategic challenge to its interests, al- lies, and leadership of the liberal world order from an increasingly wealthy, Twell-armed, and assertively nationalistic China� Whether through the seizure of maritime features and the construction of artificial island fortifications in the South China Sea, the aggressive use of maritime law enforcement to articulate and impose its nationalistic territorial claims on its neighbors, or attempts to re- strict military and civilian freedom of navigation in international waters, Chinese forces are working to undermine and revise the political and geopolitical status quo in East Asia�1 These subtly assertive steps, which stop short of open warfare, constitute a category of activity known to contemporary military thinkers as gray-zone aggression�2 Current U�S� policy makers and the forces at their com- mand struggle to find effective countermeasures Hunter Stires is a fellow at the John B.
    [Show full text]