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Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa Al-Jamāah Perspektif Said Aqil Siroj

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Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa Al-Jamāah Perspektif Said Aqil Siroj AHL AL-SUNNAH WA AL-JAMĀAH PERSPEKTIF SAID AQIL SIROJ Skripsi Diajukan Kepada Fakultas Ushuluddin Program Studi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam, Sebagai Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Agama (S. Ag.) Oleh: Nama: Aprido NIM: 11140331000039 PROGRAM STUDI AQIDAH DAN FILSAFAT ISLAM FAKULTAS USHULUDDIN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1441 H / 2019M LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING AHL AL-SUNNAH WA AL-JAMĀAH PERSPEKTIF SAID AQIL SIROJ Skripsi Diajukan ke Fakultas Ushuluddin Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Gelar Sarjana Agama (S. Ag) Oleh: Aprido NIM: 11140331000039 PROGRAM STUDI AQIDAH DAN FILSAFAT ISLAM FAKULTAS USHULUDDIN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULAH JAKARTA 1441/2019 M LEMBAR PERNYATAAN Yang bertandatangan di bawah ini: Nama : Aprido Tempat, TanggalLahir : Sungairambai, 01 April 1995 NIM : 11140331000039 Program Studi/ Univ. : Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. JudulSkripsi : Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa Al-Jamāah Perspektif Said Aqil Siroj Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa: 1. Skripsi ini merupakan hasil karya asli saya yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan memperoleh gelar Strata 1 (S1) di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Semua sumber yang saya gunakan dalam penulisan ini telah saya cantumkan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 3. Jika di kemudian hari terbukti bahwa karya ini bukan hasil karya asli saya atau merupakan hasil jiplakan dari karya orang lain, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Jakarta, 28 November 2019 PEDOMAN TRANSLITERASI ARAB-LATIN Arab Indonesia Inggris Arab Indonesia Inggris th ṭ ط a a ا zh ẓ ظ b b ب ‘ ‘ ع t t ت gh gh غ ts th ث f f ف j j ج q q ق ḥ ḥ ح k k ك kh kh خ l l ل d d د m m م dz dh ذ n n ن r r ر w w و z z ز h h ه s s س ء sy sh ش y y ي sh ṣ ص h h ة dl ḍ ض Vokal Pendek Arab Latin A أ I إ U ا v Vokal Panjang Arab Indonesia Ā آ Ī إِ ىْ Ū اوْ Diftong Arab Indonesia Au أو Ai أي (ال) -Kata Sandangal Arab Indonesia -al ال -wa al وال vi ABSTRAK Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa Al-Jamāah Perspektif Said Aqil Siroj adalah orang yang memeliki metode berpikir relegius yang mencakup semua aspek kehidupan berdasarkan fondasi moderasi, menjaga keseimbangan dan toleransi. Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa Al-Jamāah adalah sekolah yang akan menjadi Manhaj al-Fikr, karena itu hanya menemukan jalan tengah di antara berbagai aliran. Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa Al-Jamāah tidak ada Batasan dan ketentuan yang harus sama dengan Imam Abu Hasan al-As’ary atau al-Maturidi tetapi pilar-pilar Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa Al-Jamāah memahami ini harus ada perbedaan dan pendapat dalam menafsirkan sumber agama agar tidak menjadi jurang selama masih memegang Rukn (Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa Al-Jamāah) yaitu keilahian (uluhiyah), Rasul (nubuwah) dan akhirnya (al-Ma’d). Paham Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa Al- Jamāah mengikuti salah satu mazhab empat: Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi’i dan Hambali. Said Aqil Siroj memberikan kritik dan mendekonstruksi pemaknaan Ahl al- Sunnah Wa al-Jamaãh yang dianggap terlalu baku dan belum terbukti. Apalagi terminologi Ahl al-Sunnah Wa al-Jamaãh sebagai suatu madzhab muncul belakangan, jauh setelah Nabi Muhammad wafat. Sedangkan orang-orang yang mengikuti sunnah, pada zaman Imam empat Madzhab menamai dirinya sebagai Ahlul Hadīs (Bukan salafiyyin) Walaupun banyak orang yang mengklaim dirinya bermadzhab Ahl al-Sunnah Wa al-Jamaãh, dalam artian, karena orang tersebut mengikuti Imam yang empat, namun jika kita meneliti sejarah, apakah Imam yang empat dalam kitabnya memproklamasikan diri sebagai Ahl al-Sunnah Wa al-Jamaãh. Inilah yang menjadi kritik dasar Said Aqil Siroj dalam skripsi ini. Dengan demikan perlulah menelaah definisi dan melakukan reinterpretasi kembali terhadap konsep Ahl al-Sunnah Wa al- Jamaãh. vii KATA PENGANTAR “Dengan menyebut nama Allah Yang Maha Pengasih Lagi Maha Penyayang.” Segala Puji serta rasa syukur yang sangat mendalam penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT. Tuhan Yang Maha Menguasai segala sesuatu, di bumi maupun di langit. Yang Maha Memudahkan segala urusan hamba-Nya. Karena atas kuasa-Nyalah penulis akhirnya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini dengan baik. Shalawat serta salam semoga senantiasa tercurahkan kepada Nabi Muḥammad SAW. Yang telah memberikan tauladan bagi umat manusia dengan perilaku al- Qur‟an-Nya. dan atasizin-Nya pula ia memiliki keistimewaan untuk dapat memberikan syafaat kepada umatnya. Pada dasarnya, penulisan skripsi ini merupakan suatu responitas perdebatan yang terjadi pada bidang aqidah. Aspek yang pertama kali dipersoalkan adalah tentang lahirany Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa Al-Jamāah. Hal ini berkaitan dengan upaya manusia dalam memahami keaqidahan. Oleh karena itu, penulis menulis skripsi yang berjudul “Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa Al-Jamāah Perspektif Said Aqil Siroj”. Semoga skripsi ini dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pembelajaran dalam memahami kedudukan Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa Al-Jamāah. Penulisan skripsi ini tentu melibatkan berbagai pihak yang turut membantu dari awal proses penulisan hingga terselesaikannya skripsi ini. Oleh karena itu, penulis juga ingin menyampaikan terimakasih kepada: 1. Dr. Arrazy Hasyim, M.A sebagai Dosen Pembimbing Skripsi terbaik bagi penulis. Terimakasih telah meluangkan banyak waktunya untuk viii membimbing, menasehati, sekaligus memberikan gagasan-gagasannya kepada penulis. Sehingga penulisan skripsi ini bisa terselesaikan dengan baik. 2. Prof. Dr. Hj. Amany Burhanuddin Umar Lubis, Lc., M.A. Selaku Rektor Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 3. Dr. Yusuf Rahman, MA. Selaku Dekan Fakultas Ushuluddin Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 4. Dra. Tien Rohmatin, MA. Selaku Ketua Jurusan Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam beserta jajarannya. Mereka sangat setia mengarahkan penulis dalam mengurus segala keperluan untuk menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi ini. 5. Dra. Banun Binaningrum, M.Pd. Selaku Sekretaris Jurusan Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 6. Dr. Edwin Syarif, M. Ag. Selaku pembimbing Akademik yang telah memberikan banyak wawasan dan nasehat, dalam menentukan konsep yang akan dibahasn dalam skripsi ini. 7. Seluruh Dosen dan Guru Besar Fakultas Ushuluddin yang telah memberikan begitu banyak pengetahuan sekaligus bimbingannya. 8. Penulis juga mengucapkan terimakasih kepada para pimpinan dan segenap civitas akademik Fakultas Ushuluddin, segenap Staf Perpustakaan Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Perpustakaan Utama Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta yang turut membantu penulis dalam menemukan buku-buku referensi untuk menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi ini. ix 9. Terimakasih sebesar-besarnya kepada keluarga penulis, khususnya kedua orang tua penulis yang telah membesarkan dan mendidik penulis dengan kasih sayang, perjuangan, dan pengorbanan yang begitu luar biasa. Teruntuk Ayahanda tercinta, Baidawi yang telah menanamkan semangat berjuang, yang selalu mendampingi penulis sampai akhir penulisan skripsi ini. Teruntuk Ibunda tercinta Sarinah, yang selalu memberikan doa terbaiknya di setiap langkah penulis. Semoga Allah SWT senantiasa memberikan umur panjang dan kesehatan. 10. Kepada kakak-kakak penulis, Sides, Jon Hendri, Romantis, Rudini, Bharuddin yang selalu memberikan semangat, nasehat yang sangat berarti bagi penulis. Serta kepada adik penulis, Putri Hariyanti. Terimakasih untuk doa, semangat, dan dukungannya kepada penulis selama proses penyelesaian skripsi ini. 11. Teman-teman terbaik penulis di Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Angkatan 2014. 12. Kepada temen-temen Andri Tio Pradipta, Bowo, Inyong, Ais, Gingko, M. Fadli, M. Husen, Heri, Husna, Dadan, Bahal, Pa’ce, Boim, Mirza, Buaya, Abdillah, Syifa, Benjol, Sayuti, Sholihin, Muhda. Terima kasih karena telah memberikan support. 13. Terimaksih kepada temen-temen di organisasi Jaringana Indonesia Muda, Lembaga Kajian Strategi Pembangunan Pemerintah, Kesatuan Angkatan Muda Sriwijaya, Ikatan Keluarga Mahasiswa Jakarta, KOMFUSPERTUM, PB BMKJ, yang telah memberikan semangat dan gairah baru untuk melanjutkan perjuangan. x Akhir kata, penulis berharap semoga Allah SWT. Selalu membimbing langkah kita menuju jalan yang benar dan diridhai-Nya. Āmīnyā Rabb al- „ālamīn. Jakarta, 28 November 2019 Aprido xi DAFTAR ISI LEMBAR JUDUL ........................................................................................... i LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING .................................................. ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. iii LEMBAR PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI ........................................ iv LEMBAR PEDOMAN TRANSLITERASI .................................................... v LEMBAR ABSTRAK .................................................................................... vii LEMBAR KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... xii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang .............................................................................. 1 B. Batasan dan Rumusan Masalah ...................................................... 6 C. Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................... 6 D. Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................... 7 E. Tinjauan Pustaka ...........................................................................
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