Studies in Systems, Decision and Control 87 Aleksander Sładkowski Editor Rail Transport— Systems Approach Studies in Systems, Decision and Control Volume 87 Series editor Janusz Kacprzyk, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected] About this Series The series “Studies in Systems, Decision and Control” (SSDC) covers both new developments and advances, as well as the state of the art, in the various areas of broadly perceived systems, decision making and control- quickly, up to date and with a high quality. The intent is to cover the theory, applications, and perspectives on the state of the art and future developments relevant to systems, decision making, control, complex processes and related areas, as embedded in the fields of engineering, computer science, physics, economics, social and life sciences, as well as the paradigms and methodologies behind them. 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More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13304 Aleksander Sładkowski Editor Rail Transport—Systems Approach 123 Editor Aleksander Sładkowski Department of Logistics and Industrial Transportation Silesian University of Technology Katowice Poland ISSN 2198-4182 ISSN 2198-4190 (electronic) Studies in Systems, Decision and Control ISBN 978-3-319-51501-4 ISBN 978-3-319-51502-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-51502-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016960770 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. 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Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface Rail transport is one of the most important sectors for the economies of many developed countries. Its importance can and should increase in the future. This is explained quite simply. In comparison to aviation, rail takes longer, but is signif- icantly less expensive. Marine and river transport are great alternatives, but they are significantly slower than rail transport in moving goods to their destination. In addition, most importantly, transport via by ship often leaves goods short of their final destination, requiring further road or rail transport. Rail transport’s most serious competition comes from truck transport. However, truck transport loses its advantage when delivering cargo over long distances, particularly those in excess of 400 km. In addition, there are important environ- mental and safety aspects. Again, in this regard, rail transport has an edge. Thus, developed countries are interested in developing rail transport as an alternative to road transport. This entails having an effective system for delivering goods and passengers on various continents, particularly within Eurasia. It is obvious that the development of this mode of transport cannot be considered in isolation from other transport modes. For example, for the transport of passengers over long, transcontinental distances, air transport has significant advantages. However, the best way to get people and to and from airports is by rail. Similarly, the transport of large quantities of goods, such as containers, is best carried out by sea or inland waterway, particularly if there are no significant time constraints. But transport to and from the port is also often most efficient via rail. Thus, rail transport may be considered a subsystem of the intercontinental transport system. Rail transport is a highly complex system consisting of rolling stock, transport infrastructure (track facilities, energy supply systems, numerous buildings, etc.), administration, management and control services. It should be added that the manufacturer of all these elements and fulfilling their maintenance (plants, repair shops, depots, etc.), the relevant educational institutions, which are required to prepare personnel for some extent related to the rail transport. Each element in this scheme is also a specific subsystem. For example, if we consider an electric locomotive, it consists of a number of highly responsible v vi Preface subsystems (control systems, power system, brake system, heating system, pressurized air supply system, suspension systems, motor systems, etc.). It should be noted that if we want to consider traffic safety, it is necessary to evaluate not only the interaction of the individual subsystems of the locomotive, but also its inter- action with external systems, namely, the track, contact wire, signaling and com- munication systems, etc. Thus, it becomes apparent that rail transport can be considered only with a systems approach. Moreover, regardless of the level at which one or the other system is considered, an acceptable solution can be found only with the use of a systems approach. In the present monograph, the authors show how scientists of various countries solve specific rail transport problems using the systems approach. In particular, the book describes the experience of scientists from Romania, Germany, Czech Republic, UK, Russia, Ukraine, Lithuania and Poland. It should be noted that these countries’ rail systems have historical differences. In particular, these countries have railways with different gauges, signaling and communication systems, energy supply systems, and, finally, political systems, which affect their approaches to rail management. Despite the fact that most of the authors work at universities, the monograph is directly aimed at solving essential problems facing the rail industry in different countries. In some cases problems are solved, transforming ideas into concrete technical, economic or organizational solutions. In other cases, potential solutions for problems are identified. Structurally, the monograph is divided into two parts. Part I provides a sys- tematic analysis of rail transport and its maintenance. Part II is devoted to rail transport infrastructure and management development. Particular attention is paid to security issues. The book is written primarily for professionals involved in various problems of rail transport. Nevertheless, the authors hope that this book may be useful for rail manufacturers, for technical staff and managers of rail transport operators, and for students of transport specialties, as well as for a wide range of readers who are interested in the current state of transport in different countries. Katowice, Poland Aleksander Sładkowski Contents Part I Means of Transport and Maintenance Effects of Braking Characteristics on the Longitudinal Dynamics of Short Passenger Trains ..................................... 3 Cătălin Cruceanu, Camil Ion Crăciun and Ioan Cristian Cruceanu The Behavior of the Traction Power Supply System of AC 25 kV 50 Hz During Operation ........................... 35 Radovan Doleček, Ondřej Černý, ZdeněkNěmec and Jan Pidanič Systems Approach to the Analysis of Electromechanical Processes in the Asynchronous Traction Drive of an Electric Locomotive ....... 67 Pavel Kolpakhchyan, Alexander Zarifian and Alexander Andruschenko The Aspects of Modernization of Diesel-Electric Locomotives and Platform for Transportation of Railway Switches in Lithuanian Railways........................................ 135 Lionginas Liudvinavičius and Stasys Dailydka Systems Approach to the Organization of Locomotive Maintenance on Ukraine Railways .............................. 217 Eduard Tartakovskyi, Oleksander Ustenko, Volodymyr Puzyr and Yurii Datsun Part II Infrastructure and Management in Rail Transport Systematic and Customer Driven Approach to Cost-Efficiently Improving Interlocking and Signaling in Train Transport ........... 239 Jörn Schlingensiepen, Florin Nemtanu and Marin Marinov Train Protection