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2010 Introduction to Laboratory Methods for Operators

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2010 Introduction to Laboratory Methods for Operators Introduction to Laboratory Methods for Operators Course #2010 August 23-27, 2021 Introduction to Laboratory Methods for Operators Course #2010 August 23-27, 2020 Monday 8:30 Introduction and Welcome Instructor: Sarah Snyder 8:45 Laboratory Policies and Safety Phone: 615-898-6506 10:00 Identification of Laboratory Equipment Fax: 615-898-8064 12:30 Lunch E-mail: [email protected] 2:00 Intro to Glassware and Pipetting Skills 3:00 Introduction to the Metric System and Conversions Tuesday State of Tennessee 8:30 Analytical Balances and Weights Dept. of Environment & Conservation 10:00 Introduction to Basic Chemistry Bureau of Environment Fleming Training Center 11:00 Lunch 2022 Blanton Dr. 12:00 Common chemicals and Reagents Murfreesboro, TN 37129 1:00 Temperature Measurement 1:30 Dissolved Oxygen Measurement Wednesday 8:30 Proper sample collection techniques, data collection, and documentation 9:30 Turbidity Measurement Procedure 10:30 pH Theory and Measurement Procedure 11:30 Lunch 12:30 Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and StandardMethods 2:30 Brief introduction to QA/QC Thursday 8:30 Solutions Chemistry – dilutions and making standards 10:00 Chlorine Procedures 11:00 Lunch 12:00 Alkalinity Measurement Procedures 3:00 Equipment Maintenance and Troubleshooting Friday 8:30 Exam Review 10:30 Exam and Course Evaluation Introduction to Laboratory Methods for Operators Course #2010 Section 1 Basic Laboratory Safety 3 Section 2 Laboratory Glassware and Equipment 17 Section 3 Metric System 39 Section 4 Balances and Pipetting 53 Section 5 Introduction to Basic Chemistry 67 Section 6 Temperature 83 Section 7 Dissolved Oxygen 89 Section 8 Sampling 101 Section 9 Turbidity 109 Section 10 pH 115 Section 11 Standard Methods, SOP’s & QA/QC 121 Section 12 Chlorine 139 Section 13 Alkalinity 165 2 Section 1 Laboratory Safety 3 Section 1 TDEC Fleming Training Center Operators work around many different kinds of hazards on a daily basis Introduction to Laboratory Methods for Operators . Electrical . Bacteriological/Viral . Confined space . Mechanical . Traffic Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) Infectious Materials . Demands that proper safety procedures be Poisons exercised in the lab at all times Explosions . “each employer has the general duty to furnish all Cuts and Bruises employees with employment free from recognized hazards causing, or likely to cause, Electric Shock death or serious physical harm” Toxic Fumes Fire TOSHA Burns . Contact local office for specific questions Learn the lay‐out of the lab Wastewater and sludge contain millions of . Emergency exits microorganisms . Emergency routes Some are infectious and can cause disease . Emergency ventilation system . Fire‐fighting equipment locations/ know how to Tetanus use it . Typhoid . Eye wash station/Emergency shower . Dysentery . First Aid equipment . Hepatitis . Emergency phone numbers . Parasitic worms 4 Laboratory Safety TDEC Fleming Training Center Section 1 Change out of work clothes before leaving Always wash hands with soap and water, especially before handling food or smoking . Prevent spread of infectious material into your home . Hand sanitizer is not sufficient Never pipet by mouth Inoculations from doctor/health dept. Could lead to serious illness . Tetanus, polio, hepatitis A and B or death . Diseases contracted through breaks in skin, cuts, . Use mechanical or rubber bulbs puncture wounds Never drink from a beaker or other lab glassware . Wastewater risk: breathing contaminated air Acids: a chemical substance that neutralizes Bases: turn litmus paper blue, pH greater alkalis, dissolves some metals; turns litmus than 7 paper red; typically a corrosive liquid Extremely corrosive to skin, clothing, and Extremely corrosive to human tissue, metals, leather clothing, wood, cement, stone, concrete Sodium hydroxide, aka “caustic soda” or “lye” Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) Hydrochloric or muriatic (HCl) (NaOH) Nitric (NHO3) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) Glacial acetic (H C O ) 4 2 2 Chlorine (and other oxidants) Commercially available chemical spill clean‐ Solids: up materials should be kept on hand . Cyanide, chromium, heavy metals Liquids: Baking soda (bicarbonate) effectively . Chlorine, nitric acid, ammonium hydroxide, neutralizes acids chloroform, organic solvents Gases: A jug of ordinary vinegar can be kept on hand . Chlorine, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur to neutralize bases dioxide, and chlorine dioxide Laboratory Safety 5 Section 1 TDEC Fleming Training Center Liquids: Known as PPE . Acetone, ethers, gasoline, benzene Safety Glasses Gases: Face Shield . Propane, hydrogen, acetylene Lab Coat Lab Apron Gloves . Rubber, heat resistant Closed Toed Shoes . Steel‐toed boots 3. Wear a face shield if 4. Wear protective or 1. Never work alone in the lab there is danger of hot insulated gloves . In case of accident or fire liquid erupting or when handling hot . If necessary, have someone check on your flying glassware due or cold objects, or regularly to explosion when handling 2. Wear protective goggles or safety glasses at liquids or solids that all times are skin irritants . Fumes can seep between contact lens and eyeball 5. Always wear a lab coat or apron 6. Never pipet by mouth 7. Never eat or smoke in the lab 8. Do not keep food in a refrigerator that is used for chemical or sample storage 6 Laboratory Safety TDEC Fleming Training Center Section 1 1. Product Identifier: The name used for a hazardous 9. Use ventilated lab fume hoods when chemical on the label and in the SDS handling toxic chemicals 2. Pictogram 3. Signal Word: Used to indicate the relative level of 10. Maintain clear access to emergency eye severity of hazard and alert the reader to a potential wash stations/showers hazard . Flush weekly ▪ Danger—more severe hazard 11. Practice good ▪ Warning—less severe hazard 4. Hazard Statement: describes the nature of the hazard housekeeping 5. Precautionary Statement: describes recommended to prevent measures that should be taken to minimize or prevent accidents adverse effects resulting from exposure or improper storage or handling 22 Manufacturer Container Label Includes all information on chemical label and Product Identifier specific info pertaining to that chemical Pictogram 16 sections . ID, Hazards, Ingredients, First Aid, Fire‐ Signal Word Fighting, Accidental Release, Hazard Statement Handling/Storage, PPE, Physical and Chemical Properties, Stability/Reactivity, Precautionary Statement Toxicological Info, Ecological Info, Disposal, Transport Info, Regulatory Info 23 Laboratory Safety 7 Section 1 TDEC Fleming Training Center All chemicals in the facility currently: Properly ventilated . In a labeled notebook or binder Well lit . Specific location near the entrance Laid out to segregate incompatible chemicals . Must be yellow or safety orange . Not in alphabetical order Order and cleanliness must be maintained Must keep on file for all chemicals purchased Clearly label and date all chemicals and . On file for at least 30 years bottles of reagents . Chemicals transferred to different containers MUST be labeled Store heavy items on or as near to floor as Store acids and bases in separate storage possible cabinets Volatile liquids that may escape as a gas, such If incompatible chemicals are inadvertently as ether, must be kept away from heat mixed a fire, explosion, or toxic release can sources, sunlight, and electric switches easily occur . Flammable cabinet For especially dangerous materials, use a Cap and secure cylinders of gas in storage to secondary container (e.g. plastic tub) large prevent rolling or tipping enough to contain a spill of the largest container Use cradles or tilters for carboys or other large chemical vessels Use a trussed hand truck for transporting cylinders of compressed gas Never roll a cylinder by its valve Clamp securely into place to prevent shifting or toppling Carry flammable liquids in safety cans . Gloves, safety shoes, rubber apron 8 Laboratory Safety TDEC Fleming Training Center Section 1 Acids and other corrosives Always add acid to water . Flush outside of acid bottles with water before . If you pour water into acid, violent splashing may opening occur . Do not lay stopper/lid on counter where person may rest arm or hand . Keep all acids tightly stoppered when not in use . Immediately clean up spills Even a small amount of spilled mercury can Follow the usual “do’s” and “do not’s” poison the atmosphere in a room Ground all apparatus with 3 prong plugs To clean up a small spill (amount in a Do not continue to run a motor after liquid thermometer): has spilled on it . Put on rubber, nitrile, or latex gloves . Turn off immediately, clean and dry inside . Use squeegee or cardboard to sweep mercury thoroughly before use beads together Electrical units operated in an area exposed . Use disposable dropper/pipet to suck up beads . Slowly squeeze mercury onto damp paper towel to flammable vapors should be explosion . Place in labeled zip lock bag for proper disposal proof Some lab glassware must be inserted through Examine all glassware before use rubber stoppers . Discard any broken pieces in the appropriate . Glass tubing, thermometers, funnels sharps container . Ends should be flame polished and either wetted or lubricated Never store broken glassware in cabinets ▪ Never use oil or grease . Damaged glassware should either be sent for . Wear gloves repair or disposed of properly . Hold tubing as close to end being inserted as possible Use gloves when
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