DOCSLIB.ORG

Kadua Parvula Scientific Name: Kadua Parvula (A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kadua Parvula Scientific Name: Kadua Parvula (A Appendix 4-3 Kadua parvula Scientific name: Kadua parvula (A. Gray) Fosb. Hawaiian name: None Family: Rubiaceae (Coffee family) Federal status: Listed Endangered October 29, 1991 Requirements for MIP Stability – 3 Population Units (PU) – 50 reproducing individuals in each PU – Stable population structure – Threats controlled – Complete genetic representation of all PUs in storage Description and biology Modified from Wagner et al. 2005 Habit- Erect to sprawling perennial shrub with branches measuring 10-30cm long. Glabrous, many- branched with stems 4-angled or 4-costate. Leaves- Leaves opposite, usually overlapping and closely spaced, not becoming reduced above; lanceolate to ovate-cordate. Blades are 1-4 cm long, 0.7-2.3 cm wide, and glabrous with strongly ascending lateral veins. Margins slightly revolute, with petioles 0-0.2cm long. Stipules strongly carinate, 2-3mm long, apex mucronate. Flowers-Pistillate (possessing only female flowers) or perfect (possessing both male and female parts), in narrow corymbose inflorescences, sometimes appearing as one inflorescence when several flowers are found on contiguous branches. Flowers’ corollas usually have four lobes which are white and tinged purplish-pink towards the tips, fleshy, apex depressed and 5-6mm long. Stamens are attached slightly below the corolla throat and sessile. Upper part of the style is enlarged and woolly pubescent near the middle. Fruit- Capsules are almost round and subglobose, and measure 3.3-4.0mm long and 3.5-4.0mm in diameter. Seeds- Small and dull brown, subpeltate, and bluntly angled. Distribution and Habitat- Endemic to the Waianae Mountains on Oahu, formerly nearly throughout the Waianae Mountains. Now restricted to the southern end of the Waianae Mountains from Palehua to Makaleha at elevation ranging from 715-725m. Found in mesic vegetation and only known from ledges, rocky outcrops, and on the base of cliff faces. Pollination and dispersal- The flowers of K. parvula are white or light purplish-pink colored, and are prominently displayed above the plant, similar to other cliff species. The flower arrangement suggests night-flying moths as primary pollinators, however little is known about K. parvula's breeding system and seed dispersal agents. Taxonomic background: There are noticeable morphological differences among herbarium specimens of K. parvula. These differences may be genetically based. K. parvula forma sessilis is a form that was described based on its leaf shape (Fosberg 1943). It was thought that the plants from the southern Waianae Mountains represented this form, whereas the plants from the northern Waianaes represented the typical form K. parvula forma parvula. Findings from additional studies of the morphological differences within the species may result in future alterations of the taxonomy. Table 1. Historic collections of Kadua parvula on Oahu. Data compiled from Bishop Museum Herbarium Records provided by Bishop Museum, 2019. Area Year Collector Puu Kaua 1936 O. Degener Below Palehua 1946 O. Degener Puu Kanehoa 1954 H. St. John Makaleha 1980 S.L. Montgomery Makaleha 1985 J.K. Obata Nanakuli and Lualualei 1992 K.R.Wood Ohikilolo 1993 S. Perlman Table 2. Reproductive Biology Summary of K. parvula. Observed Phenology* Reproductive Biology Seeds Population Flower Immature Mature Breeding System Suspected Average Dormancy Unit Fruit Fruit Pollinator # Per Fruit (viable) Ekahanui Feb- Feb-June June Hermaphroditic Bird or N/A None June None Halona Nov- June-Dec July- Hermaphroditic Bird or 17± 18 None June Dec None Ohikilolo May- March- Apr- Hermaphroditic Bird or 36± 37 None Oct Aug Oct None *Observed Phenology is based on field observations at each site. Actual duration of reproductive status is likely longer that those observed. Peak collection time is May-June. Plant morphology and habitat Figure 1. Flowers with typical whitish-pick color and buds. Figure 2. Flowers and immature fruit. Figure 3. Typical cliff habitat with immature fruit present on plants. Figure 4. Mature fruit. Figure 5. Buds and flowers. Figure 6. Outplanting habitat at Palikea reintroduction site. Figure 7. Palikea reintroduction site, outplanting on rappel. Figure 8. Ohikilolo reintroduction site. Table 3. Habitat characteristics of each Population. Average Annual Rainfall data is from the Rainfall Atlas of Hawaii (Giambelluca et al. 2013). All other data from OANRP observations. Int= Intermediate. PU Pop. Ref. Ele. Slope Canopy Topo. Aspect Average Average Code (feet) Cover Monthly Annual Max.Tem Rainfall p. (F) (mm) Ekahanui EKA-A Upper 2651 Steep Open N 75.01 1217.6 reintro Slope Halona HAL-A Upper 2343 Steep Int. N 74.98 1177.3 in situ Slope Halona HAL-B 2648- Upper Vertical Int. N 74.55 1153.0 in situ 2687 Slope Halona PAK-A Upper 2748 Steep Open NE 74.54 1154.4 reintro Slope Ohikilolo MMR-D 2957 Steep Open Upper N 74.17 1527.7 reintro Slope Ohikilolo MMR-C 2465- Upper Steep Int. N 73.61 1584.5 in situ 2730 Slope Ohikilolo MMR-D Upper 2957 Steep Open N 74.17 1527.7 reintro Slope Ohikilolo MMR-E Upper 2625 Steep Int. N 74.87 1276.6 reintro Slope Table 4. List of Associated Species (six letter code = first three letters of genus, followed by first three letters of species) for each Population Unit for both canopy and understory. Species observed by OANRP staff are listed in alphabetical order. PU PRC Canopy Understory Ekahanui EKA-A reintro GreRob, MetPol, AgeAde, AgeRip, AlySte, BidTor, MyrSan, SchTer CarWah, DiaSan, DubLax, ElaPal, EraGra, GreRob, LobYuc, MelMin, MetPol, MyrSan, PepTet, PlePar, SadCya, SchTer, SphChi, TetLepLep, VacRet Halona HAL-A in situ DodVis, GreRob, AgeAde, AgeRip, AlySte, ArtAus, MetPol, MorFay, BidTor, BleApp, CarMey, CarWah, SchTer ConBon, CycPar, DorDec, EpiNoc, EpiOrb, EraGra, EriKar, EupCelAmp, EupMul, HymUni, LepArb, MelMin, OxaCor, PepTet, PhyTen, PlePar, RumAlb, RumGig, SchLig Table 4 (continued). PU PRC Canopy Understory Halona HAL-B in situ GreRob, MorFay, AgeAde, AgeRip, ArtAus, BidTor, MyrLes, MyrSan, BleApp, CarWah, EraGra, EriKar, , SchTer, SopChr EupMul, GahBee, LysHil, MelMin, PasSub, PepTet, PlePar, RubRos, RumAlb, SchLig, SteKaa, VioChaCha Halona PAK-A reintro Metpol, MorFay, AgeAde, DiaSan, Diclin, EriKar, CryJap MelMin, Metpol, SphChi, VacRet, Ohikilolo MMR-A in situ GreRob, LanCam, AgeCon, AgeRip, BidTor, CarMey, MetPol, MetTre, CarWah, CenEry, CerFon, DorDeci, Schter DubHer, DubShe, EraGra, EraVar, LinTri, LysArv, MelMin, MelTenf, MetPol, PhyTen, SchSeb, SchTer, SetPar, StaAus, StaCay, SteMed, TetFil, WikOahOah Ohikilolo MMR-C in situ DodVis, GreRob, AgeAde, AgeRip, ArtAus, BleApp, MetPol, MetTre, CarMey, EraGra, EriKar, , SchTer, WikOahOah EupCelAmp, MelMin, RumAlb, SetPar, SonOle, StaAus, VioChaCha Ohikilolo MMR-D reintro GreRob, MetTre AgeCon, AgeRip, BidTor, BleApp, LysHil, MelMin, MetTre, RumAlb Ohikilolo MMR-E reintro MetPol, MetTre AgeAde, AgeRip, BleApp, CayMey, KalPin, MelMin, MetPol, MetTre, RubRos, SphChi, StaAus Ohikilolo Ekahanui Halona Figure 9. Map of current and historic K. parvula locations. Current status The known population units of K. parvula in the Waianae Mountains have a total of 440 plants, consisting of mature and immature plants, and seedlings (Figure 10). This is an approximately 12% increase in total plants from 2018, largely the result of a new reintroduction site added to the Halona PU. About 53% of this total is represented by in situ plants, and the remaining 47% from reintroduced populations. Currently, only the Ohikilolo PU meets stabilization goals with more than 50 reproducing individuals. The total number of immature plants in the Halona and Ekahanui PU had previously been over 90 individuals each, however, these totals were the result of recent outplantings. Outplanting survival has been lowest at the Ekahanui PU, and along with a lack of seedling development, has led to a decrease in overall plant numbers to around 30 individuals. The two in situ populations in the Halona PU have not changed much over the past five years. A reintroduction site at Palikea was planted in the past year, so its long-term survival is undetermined. Based on past outplanting survival, additional plants will be needed to meet the stabilization goals for the number of reproducing individuals for the Ekahanui and Halona PU. 300 70 250 Ekahanui 200 Halona 44 150 115 46 Ohikilolo 100 50 0 2012 2016 2017 2018 2019 Figure 10. Total number of plants for each Population Unit over time. Arrows above line represent Reintroduction year and number of plants planted. Table 5. Population Units for K. parvula. MFS = Manage for Stability; GS = Manage for Genetic Storage. Population Unit Management PU Type Action Management Designation Area Units for Threat control Ekahanui MFS Reintro None Ekahanui Halona MFS In situ and Reintro None Palikea Ohikilolo MFS In situ and Reintro MMR Ohikilolo Table 6. Stabilization Goal Status. Yes/No/Partial refers to if control is in place for each PU. PU Stability Target MU Threat Control Genetic Storage Population 50 Stable Ungulate Slugs Rodent Fire Weeds % Completed Unit reproducing Population plants Structure Ekahanui No No Yes No Partial Yes Partial N/A Halona No No Partial No Partial No Partial 100% Ohikilolo Yes Yes Partial No Partial Yes Partial 100% Population trend and structure The MIP assumed K. parvula to live less than 10 years. However, monitoring data revealed that plants from in situ populations survive for up to 19 years, which is similar to closely related K. degeneri subsp. degeneri. Long-term data for reintroduced plants is limited, as outplantings
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Midpacific Volume37 Issue1.Pdf
    /6.3— THE Vol. XXXVII. No. 1 LLID—PAC I 1I January, 1929 LIAGAZ IN/1 IDACIric ifraga,w?-1e. Old lolani Palace. now the Executive Building in Honolulu, where the First Pan-Pacific Food Conservation and other Conferences called by the Pan-Pacific Union were held. Cattle feed on cactus in Hawaii and get their drink from this succulent plant. In Australia the cactus is a dreaded pest, and steps were taken at the First Pan-Pacific Food Conservation Conference for its possible eradication and a way has been found. eire-aigavoraffory1I ~17 • • rremsaredvairervararesiyai • • • vemvetivarao • - 4. • ,%. outirr filth_trarifir maga3inr • CONDUCTED BY ALEXANDER HUME FO RD IX 01 Volume XXXVI1 Number 1 5 CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1929 ■ ■ i 1 5 N Plant Pathology 3 i I By Dr. C. L. Shear. Y. 1 Microbiological Investigations 11 • • By Arao Itano, Ph. D. ■ =• i The Termite Problem in the Pacific 17 "I By Thomas E. Snyder. • The Strawberry—A Gift of the Pacific 27 • By George M. Darrow. i • The Background of Hawaiian Botany 33 • By E. H. Bryan, Jr. • • The Economic Value of Plant Quarantine 41 • By L. A. Whitney, Associate Plant Inspector, Board of Coin. of y,-. Agriculture and Forestry. @ L- 13 II Government Forest Work in Hawaii 49 13 X" 1 h By C. S. Judd, Territorial Forester. i The Universal Calendar 53 :1:4 By B. Richmond. "3 Ei $ Geography of the Island of Maui 57 -. By Lawrence Hite Daingerfield. • p • 0 4 Pan-Pacific Youth. Vol. I, No. 11. i Eh Bulletin of the Pan-Pacific Union, New Series No.
    [Show full text]
  • New Hawaiian Plant Records from Herbarium Pacificum for 20081
    Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2008. Edited by Neal L. Evenhuis & Lucius G. Eldredge. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 107: 19–26 (2010) New Hawaiian plant records from Herbarium Pacificum for 2008 1 BARBARA H. K ENNEDY , S HELLEY A. J AMES , & CLYDE T. I MADA (Hawaii Biological Survey, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-2704, USA; emails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]) These previously unpublished Hawaiian plant records report 2 new naturalized records, 13 new island records, 1 adventive species showing signs of naturalization, and nomen - clatural changes affecting the flora of Hawai‘i. All identifications were made by the authors, except where noted in the acknowledgments, and all supporting voucher speci - mens are on deposit at BISH. Apocynaceae Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel. New naturalized record The following report is paraphrased from Melora K. Purell, Coordinator of the Kohala Watershed Partnership on the Big Island, who sent an email alert to the conservation com - munity in August 2008 reporting on the incipient outbreak of R. vomitoria, poison devil’s- pepper or swizzle stick, on 800–1200 ha (2000–3000 acres) in North Kohala, Hawai‘i Island. First noticed by field workers in North Kohala about ten years ago, swizzle stick has become a growing concern within the past year, as the tree has spread rapidly and invaded pastures, gulches, and closed-canopy alien and mixed alien-‘ōhi‘a forest in North Kohala, where it grows under the canopies of eucalyptus, strawberry guava, common guava, kukui, albizia, and ‘ōhi‘a. The current distribution is from 180–490 m (600–1600 ft) elevation, from Makapala to ‘Iole.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of 11 New Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) Species Endemic to Madagascar
    European Journal of Taxonomy 312: 1–40 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.312 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2017 · GROENINCKX I. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Research article Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar Inge GROENINCKX 1, Steven JANSSENS 2, Erik SMETS 3 & Brecht VERSTRAETE 4,* 1 Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, P.O. Box 2435, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. 2 Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium. 3 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. 4 Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83S, 1307 Copenhagen, Denmark. 1 Email: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 3 Email: [email protected] * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract. Astiella is an herbaceous genus endemic to Madagascar, originally described with a single species A. delicatula Jovet. Molecular and morphological evidence place it in the tribe Spermacoceae s. lat. of Rubiaceae. During herbarium studies and fieldwork in Madagascar, 11 new Astiella species were identified and these are described here: A. antongilensis Groeninckx sp. nov., A. antsalovansis Groeninckx sp. nov., A. confusa Groeninckx sp. nov., A. deblockiae Groeninckx sp. nov., A. desseinii Groeninckx sp. nov., A. homolleae Groeninckx sp. nov., A. latifolia Groeninckx sp. nov., A. longifimbria Groeninckx sp. nov., A. perrieri Groeninckx sp. nov., A. pulla Groeninckx sp. nov., and A. tsaratanensis Groeninckx sp. nov. The genus Astiella now holds 12 species in total that are all endemic to Madagascar.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidance Document Pohakuloa Training Area Plant Guide
    GUIDANCE DOCUMENT Recovery of Native Plant Communities and Ecological Processes Following Removal of Non-native, Invasive Ungulates from Pacific Island Forests Pohakuloa Training Area Plant Guide SERDP Project RC-2433 JULY 2018 Creighton Litton Rebecca Cole University of Hawaii at Manoa Distribution Statement A Page Intentionally Left Blank This report was prepared under contract to the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). The publication of this report does not indicate endorsement by the Department of Defense, nor should the contents be construed as reflecting the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the Department of Defense. Page Intentionally Left Blank 47 Page Intentionally Left Blank 1. Ferns & Fern Allies Order: Polypodiales Family: Aspleniaceae (Spleenworts) Asplenium peruvianum var. insulare – fragile fern (Endangered) Delicate ENDEMIC plants usually growing in cracks or caves; largest pinnae usually <6mm long, tips blunt, uniform in shape, shallowly lobed, 2-5 lobes on acroscopic side. Fewer than 5 sori per pinna. Fronds with distal stipes, proximal rachises ocassionally proliferous . d b a Asplenium trichomanes subsp. densum – ‘oāli’i; maidenhair spleenwort Plants small, commonly growing in full sunlight. Rhizomes short, erect, retaining many dark brown, shiny old stipe bases.. Stipes wiry, dark brown – black, up to 10cm, shiny, glabrous, adaxial surface flat, with 2 greenish ridges on either side. Pinnae 15-45 pairs, almost sessile, alternate, ovate to round, basal pinnae smaller and more widely spaced.
    [Show full text]
  • HAWAII and SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION - 2016 NWPL FINAL RATINGS U.S
    HAWAII and SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION - 2016 NWPL FINAL RATINGS U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LABORATORY (CRREL) - 2013 Ratings Lichvar, R.W. 2016. The National Wetland Plant List: 2016 wetland ratings. User Notes: 1) Plant species not listed are considered UPL for wetland delineation purposes. 2) A few UPL species are listed because they are rated FACU or wetter in at least one Corps region. Scientific Name Common Name Hawaii Status South Pacific Agrostis canina FACU Velvet Bent Islands Status Agrostis capillaris UPL Colonial Bent Abelmoschus moschatus FAC Musk Okra Agrostis exarata FACW Spiked Bent Abildgaardia ovata FACW Flat-Spike Sedge Agrostis hyemalis FAC Winter Bent Abrus precatorius FAC UPL Rosary-Pea Agrostis sandwicensis FACU Hawaii Bent Abutilon auritum FACU Asian Agrostis stolonifera FACU Spreading Bent Indian-Mallow Ailanthus altissima FACU Tree-of-Heaven Abutilon indicum FAC FACU Monkeybush Aira caryophyllea FACU Common Acacia confusa FACU Small Philippine Silver-Hair Grass Wattle Albizia lebbeck FACU Woman's-Tongue Acaena exigua OBL Liliwai Aleurites moluccanus FACU Indian-Walnut Acalypha amentacea FACU Alocasia cucullata FACU Chinese Taro Match-Me-If-You-Can Alocasia macrorrhizos FAC Giant Taro Acalypha poiretii UPL Poiret's Alpinia purpurata FACU Red-Ginger Copperleaf Alpinia zerumbet FACU Shellplant Acanthocereus tetragonus UPL Triangle Cactus Alternanthera ficoidea FACU Sanguinaria Achillea millefolium UPL Common Yarrow Alternanthera sessilis FAC FACW Sessile Joyweed Achyranthes
    [Show full text]
  • *Wagner Et Al. --Intro
    NUMBER 60, 58 pages 15 September 1999 BISHOP MUSEUM OCCASIONAL PAPERS HAWAIIAN VASCULAR PLANTS AT RISK: 1999 WARREN L. WAGNER, MARIE M. BRUEGMANN, DERRAL M. HERBST, AND JOEL Q.C. LAU BISHOP MUSEUM PRESS HONOLULU Printed on recycled paper Cover illustration: Lobelia gloria-montis Rock, an endemic lobeliad from Maui. [From Wagner et al., 1990, Manual of flowering plants of Hawai‘i, pl. 57.] A SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE RECORDS OF THE HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 1998 Research publications of Bishop Museum are issued irregularly in the RESEARCH following active series: • Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. A series of short papers PUBLICATIONS OF describing original research in the natural and cultural sciences. Publications containing larger, monographic works are issued in BISHOP MUSEUM four areas: • Bishop Museum Bulletins in Anthropology • Bishop Museum Bulletins in Botany • Bishop Museum Bulletins in Entomology • Bishop Museum Bulletins in Zoology Numbering by volume of Occasional Papers ceased with volume 31. Each Occasional Paper now has its own individual number starting with Number 32. Each paper is separately paginated. The Museum also publishes Bishop Museum Technical Reports, a series containing information relative to scholarly research and collections activities. Issue is authorized by the Museum’s Scientific Publications Committee, but manuscripts do not necessarily receive peer review and are not intended as formal publications. Institutions and individuals may subscribe to any of the above or pur- chase separate publications from Bishop Museum Press, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-0916, USA. Phone: (808) 848-4135; fax: (808) 841-8968; email: [email protected]. Institutional libraries interested in exchanging publications should write to: Library Exchange Program, Bishop Museum Library, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-0916, USA; fax: (808) 848-4133; email: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • 1 DEPARTMENT of the INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife
    This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 08/04/2016 and available online at http://federalregister.gov/a/2016-17322, and on FDsys.gov DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 [Docket No. FWS–R9–ES–2008–0063; 92300-1113-0000-9B] RIN 1018–AU62 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Amending the Formats of the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, amend the format of the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants (Lists) to reflect current practices and standards that will make the regulations and Lists easier to understand. The Lists, in the new format, are included in their entirety and have been updated to correct identified errors. 1 DATES: This rule is effective [INSERT DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Don Morgan, Ecological Services Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA, 22041; telephone 703– 358–2171. If you use a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD), call the Federal Information Relay Service (FIRS) at 800–877–8339. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background The Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants (Lists), found in title 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 50 CFR 17.11 for wildlife and 50 CFR 17.12 for plants, contain the names of endangered species and threatened species officially listed pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Hedyotis Corymbosa Linn
    Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 26(1), May – Jun 2014; Article No. 54, Pages: 320-324 ISSN 0976 – 044X Review Article A Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Hedyotis corymbosa Linn Sridevi Sangeetha Kothandaraman Sivapraksam*1, Kavitha Karunakaran1, Umamaheswari Subburaya1, Sujatha Kuppusamy1, Subashini TS2 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra University, porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 2Department of pharmacology, SRM Dental college, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected] Accepted on: 07-04-2014; Finalized on: 30-04-2014. ABSTRACT Hedyotis Corymbosa (Linn.) Lam (Rubiaceae), also known as Diamond flower occupies an important place in the history of Indian system of medicine. It is frequently found throughout India, Sri Lanka, Tropical East Asia to Java and Philippines. It is extensively used for treating viral infection, cancer, acne, hepatitis, eye diseases, skin aliments and bleeding. This plant is used to clear toxins and heat, thereby activate blood circulation and promote diuresis. It exhibits antibacterial, antioxidant, analgesic, hepatoprotective, anticancer and other activities. This present study depicts an overview on chemical constituents and Phytopharmacological profile of Hedyotis corymbosa. Keywords: Hedyotis Corymbosa, Phytopharmacological profile, Phytochemical review, Rubiaceae. INTRODUCTION dichotomous, slender ascending herb growing up to 50 lants represent the eternal kindness to nature by all cm. The leaves are 1.3 – 2 cm by 0.8 -3 mm, the lower means which is really expressed in varied human leaves are often broader than upper ones, linear, acute, Pculture from time immemorable. Man’s interest in glabrous, usually with recurved margins. Flowers are plants began for his requirement of food and shelter.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rubiaceae of Ohio
    THE RUBIACEAE OF OHIO EDWARD J. P. HAUSER2 Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio Eight genera and twenty-seven species, of which six are rare in their distribu- tion, are recognized in this study as constituting a part of Ohio's flora, Galium, represented by fifteen species, is the largest genus. Five other genera, Asperula, Cephalanthus, Mitchella, Sherardia, and Spermacoce, consist of a single species. Asperula odorata L., Diodia virginiana L., and Galium palustre L., are new reports for the state. Typically members of the Rubiaceae in Ohio are herbs with the exception of Cephalanthus occidentalis L., a woody shrub, and Mitchella repens L., an evergreen, trailing vine. In this paper data pertinent to the range, habitat, and distribution of Ohio's species of the Rubiaceae are given. The information was compiled from my examination of approximately 2000 herbarium specimens obtained from seven herbaria located within the state, those of Kent State University, Miami Uni- versity, Oberlin College, The Ohio State University, Ohio Wesleyan University, and University of Cincinnati. Limited collecting and observations in the field during the summers of 1959 through 1962 supplemented herbarium work. In the systematic treatment, dichotomous keys are constructed to the genera and species occurring in Ohio. Following the species name, colloquial names of frequent usage and synonyms as indicated in current floristic manuals are listed. A general statement of the habitat as compiled from labels on herbarium specimens and personal observations is given for each species, as well as a statement of its frequency of occurrence and range in Ohio. An indication of the flowering time follows this information.
    [Show full text]
  • Hedyotis (PDF)
    Fl. China 19: 147–174. 2011. 35. HEDYOTIS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 101. 1753, nom. cons. 耳草属 er cao shu Chen Tao (陈涛); Charlotte M. Taylor Diplophragma (Wight & Arnott) Meisner; Exallage Bremekamp; Gonotheca Blume ex Candolle (1830), not Rafinesque (1818); Hedyotis sect. Diplophragma Wight & Arnott; Metabolos Blume; Oldenlandia Linnaeus; Thecagonum Babu. Herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs, annual or perennial, procumbent to erect or climbing, unarmed. Raphides present. Leaves opposite [or rarely whorled], sometimes clustered at ends of stems, without domatia; secondary venation rarely triplinerved or palmate; stip- ules persistent, interpetiolar, fused to petiole bases, or united around stem, triangular to truncate, entire or ciliate to laciniate, erose, 1- to several lobed and/or -setose. Inflorescences terminal, pseudoaxillary, and/or axillary, few to many flowered and fasciculate, cy- mose, paniculate, capitate, or glomerulate or reduced to 1 flower, sessile or pedunculate, bracteate or bracts reduced. Flowers pedicellate or sessile, bisexual and monomorphic or distylous [to unisexual on dioecious plants]. Calyx limb shallowly to deeply (2–)4-lobed (or 5-lobed, Hedyotis hainanensis). Corolla white, pink, purple, or blue, tubular, funnelform, salverform, rotate, or urceolate, variously glabrous or pubescent inside; lobes (2–)4(or 5, H. hainanensis), valvate in bud. Stamens 4(or 5, H. hainanensis), inserted in corolla tube or throat, included or exserted; filaments developed to reduced; anthers dorsifixed often near base. Ovary 2- celled, ovules
    [Show full text]
  • Differentiation of Hedyotis Diffusa and Common Adulterants Based on Chloroplast Genome Sequencing and DNA Barcoding Markers
    plants Article Differentiation of Hedyotis diffusa and Common Adulterants Based on Chloroplast Genome Sequencing and DNA Barcoding Markers Mavis Hong-Yu Yik 1,† , Bobby Lim-Ho Kong 1,2,†, Tin-Yan Siu 2, David Tai-Wai Lau 1,2, Hui Cao 3 and Pang-Chui Shaw 1,2,4,* 1 Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Center for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China; [email protected] (M.H.-Y.Y.); [email protected] (B.L.-H.K.); [email protected] (D.T.-W.L.) 2 Shiu-Ying Hu Herbarium, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China; [email protected] 3 Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China) and College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; [email protected] 4 State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +852-39431363; Fax: +852-26037246 † The authors contributed equally. Abstract: Chinese herbal tea, also known as Liang Cha or cooling beverage, is popular in South China. It is regarded as a quick-fix remedy to relieve minor health problems. Hedyotis diffusa Willd. (colloquially Baihuasheshecao) is a common ingredient of cooling beverages. H. diffusa is also used to treat cancer and bacterial infections. Owing to the high demand for H. diffusa, two common adulterants, Hedyotis brachypoda (DC.) Sivar and Biju (colloquially Nidingjingcao) and Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam.
    [Show full text]
  • Federally Listed Species Occurring in the U.S
    Federally Listed Species Occurring in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Pacific Region Region 1, Recovery Permit TE-702631-29 Common Name Scientific Name Listing Status Mammals Rabbit, Columbia Basin pygmy Brachylagus idahoensis E Wolf, gray Canis lupus E Bat, Pacific sheath-tailed (Mariana Emballonura semicaudata rotensis E subspecies) Bat, Pacific sheath-tailed (South Emballonura semicaudata semicaudata E Pacific subspecies) Bat, Hawaiian hoary Lasiurus cinereus semotus E Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Deer, Columbian white-tailed Odocoileus virginianus leucurus T Bat, Mariana fruit (=Mariana flying Pteropus mariannus mariannus T fox) Bat, little Mariana fruit Pteropus tokudae E Caribou, woodland Rangifer tarandus caribou E Pocket gopher, Roy Prairie Thomomys mazama glacialis T Pocket gopher, Olympia Thomomys mazama pugetensis T Pocket gopher, Tenino Thomomys mazama tumuli T Pocket gopher, Yelm Thomomys mazama yelmensis T Squirrel, northern Idaho ground Urocitellus brunneus T Bear, grizzly Ursus arctos horribilis T Birds Millerbird, Nihoa (old world Acrocephalus familiaris kingi E warbler) Warbler, nightingale reed (old world Acrocephalus luscinia E warbler) Swiftlet, Mariana gray Aerodramus vanikorensis bartschi E Akialoa, Kauai (honeycreeper) Akialoa stejnegeri E Duck, Laysan Anas laysanensis E Duck, Hawaiian (=koloa) Anas wyvilliana E Murrelet, marbled Brachyramphus marmoratus T Goose, Hawaiian Branta (=Nesochen) sandvicensis E Hawk, Hawaiian (='lo) Buteo solitarius E Plover, western snowy Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus T Elepaio,
    [Show full text]