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Fair Ball! Why Adjustments Are Needed
© Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. CHAPTER 1 Fair Ball! Why Adjustments Are Needed King Arthur’s quest for it in the Middle Ages became a large part of his legend. Monty Python and Indiana Jones launched their searches in popular 1974 and 1989 movies. The mythic quest for the Holy Grail, the name given in Western tradition to the chal- ice used by Jesus Christ at his Passover meal the night before his death, is now often a metaphor for a quintessential search. In the illustrious history of baseball, the “holy grail” is a ranking of each player’s overall value on the baseball diamond. Because player skills are multifaceted, it is not clear that such a ranking is possible. In comparing two players, you see that one hits home runs much better, whereas the other gets on base more often, is faster on the base paths, and is a better fielder. So which player should rank higher? In Baseball’s All-Time Best Hitters, I identified which players were best at getting a hit in a given at-bat, calling them the best hitters. Many reviewers either disapproved of or failed to note my definition of “best hitter.” Although frequently used in base- ball writings, the terms “good hitter” or best hitter are rarely defined. In a July 1997 Sports Illustrated article, Tom Verducci called Tony Gwynn “the best hitter since Ted Williams” while considering only batting average. -
A History and Analysis of Baseball's Three Antitrust Exemptions
Volume 2 Issue 2 Article 4 1995 A History and Analysis of Baseball's Three Antitrust Exemptions Joseph J. McMahon Jr. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/mslj Part of the Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons, and the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons Recommended Citation Joseph J. McMahon Jr., A History and Analysis of Baseball's Three Antitrust Exemptions, 2 Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports L.J. 213 (1995). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/mslj/vol2/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal by an authorized editor of Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. McMahon: A History and Analysis of Baseball's Three Antitrust Exemptions A HISTORY AND ANALYSIS OF BASEBALL'S THREE ANTITRUST EXEMPTIONS JOSEPH J. MCMAHON, JR.* AND JOHN P. RossI** I. INTRODUCTION What is professional baseball? It is difficult to answer this ques- tion without using a value-laden term which, in effect, tells us more about the speaker than about the subject. Professional baseball may be described as a "sport,"' our "national pastime,"2 or a "busi- ness."3 Use of these descriptors reveals the speaker's judgment as to the relative importance of professional baseball to American soci- ety. Indeed, all of the aforementioned terms are partially accurate descriptors of professional baseball. When a Scranton/Wilkes- Barre Red Barons fan is at Lackawanna County Stadium 4 ap- plauding a home run by Gene Schall, 5 the fan is engrossed in the game's details. -
Page 1O Have Been Selected Than the Present Period, FORT WAYNE FACTS
DEVOTED TO BASE BALL, TRAP SHOOTING AND GENERAL SPORTS VOLUME 33, NO. 20. PHILADELPHIA, AUGUST 5, 1899. PRICE, FIVE CENTS. BIG WESTERN STARS. RATHER LATE START SOME RISING PLAYERS WHO ARE BOUND TO SHINE. I New Crop ol Young Men Ready For A Five-Club Organization Named "The Promotion to tbe Larger National Eastern New York League" Started League Field Facts About tbe Now With an Eye to the Future Most Available Players. Details ol the League. Chicago, July 31. Editor "Sporting Johnstown. N. Y., July 31. Editor Life:" The fact that Ted Sullivan, the ex- "Sporting Life:" At a meeting held here manager, is touring the Western League on Thursday last, the Eastern New York ID search of young players for National League was organized. Nine clubs were League clubs has started" the managers of represented. Those present were T. R. the various© clubs in the league talkin Jordan, of this city; George Townsend, of about the players who are really fast Amsterdam; D. W. Lambert, of St. Johns- enough for the major league. There are ville, and E. A. Lynch, of Canajoharie. not a jreat many youngsters ready for the Mr. Jordan also represented the Nortliville draft yet, although the total number at team. the end of the season will be found to A FIVE-CLOB LEAGUE. reach about twelve to fifteen. The season is- over half past, and an excellent oppor Three teams withdrew their applica tunity has been had to judge the different tions, because a decision was made against players here. an amateur league. One other team was THE BEST PITCHERS excluded because it had In two instances ere Waddell. -
SPORTING NEWS FANS 27 MEN and ALLOWS American League
THE BRATTLEBORO DAILY AY, JULY , jREFQRER, rOXI) 31; 1916, !(i t n Hi" DOUBLY TROVEN. STANDING OF THE CLUBS. SPORTING NEWS FANS 27 MEN AND ALLOWS American League. Brattleboro Renders Cm No Longer ONLY 1 IN RUN 23 INNINGS. Clubs Won Lost Doubt the: Evidence. P.c. Boston, 5.1 40 ..170 Pit( a double litis I t :ti..- -i testified hlng header Chicago, "4 42 .002 Into Clarksville at Owens- - .11 lull'.' Pipp Is Developing Great against Now York, 42 ..LIS ago. 4i boro, Ky., Lefty Roberts of the ? ra 41 Told of relict'- - Cleveland, Owensboro team of the Kitty V Detroit, o-- 40' .511 benefit . I First Sacker, Donovan $ league allowed but one run S Washington, 48 45 .51(5 .1 Says i.l !ll d. The I. V'VVVV'V'VVVVVVVkVVV'VaVVVV'VVVVVVVVVVV 0 $ and struck out twenty-seve- n St. Louis, 47 49 .4il4 Sin ii I c ny - il, O CVf men in twenty -- three innings of I'hila.lelpltia, 1!) 70 .211 i ?' play. Twelve hits were made American League Games Today. EAT A? .r? I i I.:,, .1.1:..,..... MAI II full." ;i I"' II . iiii'iit. I tin ujm i.i'ini'i). Roberts won Boston at Detroit. Mrs. I'. Will,-,- !g. An the first game, Now York at St. Louis. ' - I ' ' which was in the IH'. i, '! i' :.l played regula- Philadelphia at Chicago. r turn nine 1 to 0. The 4 liiniit lr i,: .! H lif 1li:tt innings, Washington at Cleveland. second ! game, of fourteen innings, .TO 'lit' v. -
She Ifriltoiflc S In
Try ^ w ea th er THE HILLSIDE 'TIMES >nd somewhat warawJ to- For Your Next Order Of Ui tome1TOf ’ . v'> ; , She Ifriltoiflc Sinus PRINTING ^U f^or-660- - HILLSIDE, N, J„ FRIDAY, JULY i m PRICE FIVE CENTS Cougji Vaccine HILLSIDE ELKS AT nHle&fion Authorize Formation Of Industrial FROLIC IN UNION Death Rides Held Success ■’"About twenty-five members of., Hills? Negotiation Board Awaiting Report side Lodg'fe 1591, B. P. Q. Elks, attended Highway For It an informal .outdoor frolic b n the Formation of an official Industrial could, toe a .part' of the, industrial Asso-. Health Physician -Believes grounds: of Union Lodge last night wnets call N orth - Broad Plffitiiiiiag Board for the township was tatidn, "tout, deblared his wiflngness tqt The .occasion wds’: th e birthday-. anni Eg of Rid?way av^tde, W W Of H.S. Site delayed another week, w hen: flo report support' ahy. plan Which would pro- Semm Will Become More versary'of Ohailes 'V^'^Mink, thred Second Time i received by the Township Commit- tecT industfy and bring otlers Jibre, Effective With Time times exalted ruler" of 'the Union group. ^ uhml said th is week in WedheSday night from-the Shows Bayonne Pamphlet other "lodges’ were repre® iits on' the east siae oi CnmnntteB Givte ■School- pidiiiiing its w g a m z a m r wuow- ""'"ECiwara T rm c g i^ ..tfeuenjr 7 leading Elks .of the City Man Succumbs te declared f f l i M i M M Board Power tp Buy a Ing* a meeting Monday with -repr m ent agent for th e Lehigh mlley R ail- sough vaccine in Hillside doning- thS state . -
The Sportingcopthioht, 1894, by the 8Pohtino Lipb Pub
THE SPORTINGCOPTHIOHT, 1894, BY THE 8POHTINO LIPB PUB. CO. BNTEBED AT FHILA. P. O. AS SECOND CLASS MATTBB. LIFE VOLUME 22, NO. 15. PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY 6, 1894. PRICE, TEN CENTS. 'vow that both Lowell and Manchester ganization, and he claims he has al re not members of the New England ready received assurances from enough THE SPORTING LIFE. ..eague, the chances are that it will clubs to make the new league a success. ie sometime to come THAT NEW LEAGUE, QUITE A TRADE. LAW ON FRANCHISES. A WEEKLY JOURNAL before these critics That a league composed of semi-pro vill again he represented in the leading fessional clubs which will play games Devoted to minor league of this section. So the WHICH IS TO BE A TAIL TO THE 'HE BALTIMORE AND in this vicinity on Sunday can be made utlook for the formation of the Merri BROOKLYN to pay was clearly proven by tho crowds SOME POINTS IN THE CONSTITUTION BASE BALL, BICYCLING AND mack Valley League looks bright. What which attended the games of the New GENERAL SPORTS AND ay you, brother Jake Morse. WESTERN LEAGUE KITE. CLUBS SWAP NOTED PLAYERS. York Semi-Professional League two OF THE BIG LEAGUE PASTIMES. CAMPION'S DKATH. years ago. The league would probably The many friends of William Cam still be in existence but for the trouble ion in this city which are legion, were Colonel Hicfcey, ol Lincoln, the Pro Brooklyn Gives Bronthers and Keeler the colored Gorhajn and Cuban Giants Relating to tbe Sale or Transfer Published by ained to read the obituary notices of had with their players. -
(Sporlii\| Table
NEW GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF AUSTRALIA HAS HARD TIME BREAKING IN BIG IRISH FIGHTER BREAKS DOWN STILL IN HIS POSSESSION Major League Stands Have Proved Big Remarkable Coincidence In Sum of Handicap to Recruits From Money That Rastus Had In HJSipn Smaller Clubs. Hla Pocket. William’s Friend Is Emperor Artie Hofman, the Cubs' star out- Rastus was on trial, charged with Termed a Boor by Yankees. fielder, frequently has Interesting con- stealing seven dollars and elghty-flve tributions to make to the baseball lit- cents. He pleaded not guilty, and, as erature of the day. Just now Artie he was unable to hire an attorney, the -Lastp arises to remark that it is a mighty as While In Restaurant judge appointed Lawyer Clearem Orchestra Plays hard to thing for a young outfielder counsel. Clearem put up a strong Wealthy German Whistles Loudly— make good In the major leagues these plea in defense, and Rastus was ac- Countess Is Embar- Slerstorpft days, and says that "no matter how quitted. rassed Behavior. by good the recruit may look In the rec- Counsel and client met a few min- ords and when he Is with the minors, utes later outside the court room. William's he is Berlin.—Emperor confl- bound to have a hard time show- ‘‘Now, Rastus," Said Clearem, Prince zu lant. Agan Fuerstenberg, ing any fielding form when he breaks “you know the court allows the Ihe richest man In and the in with Germany fast company. counsel very little for defending this of the German and Aus- go-between "I played the outfield with minor kind of case. -
Mid-Summer Clearance Sale" PEPPLER's WEEKLY CP
)L. XXVII. CRANBURY, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, N. J., FRIDAY, JULY 14, NO. 17 wro. T. u. COLLEGE FARM FIRE CRANBURY DEFEATED BY :^^^^>:<!^^c^:^o^w:x^^^H^ COST $30,000. PRINCETON. ~Will the women high in the social Crossed electric wires set fire to the Slimmer circles of England and America tolerate The Cranbury • Baseball Club was horse barn at the College Farm of tbe the cigaret evil among their own sex ? defeated by the Pribceton team of Mid-Summer Clearance Sale" New ^Jersey Experiment Station at Mercer County League fame Saturday There ia but one answer to the question SWEEPING CLEARANCE OF ALL SPRING. AND SUMMER New Brunswick Tuesday morning, and afternoon at. Princeton. The score and that is an emphatic negative. Ella, Hosiery SUITS FOR MEN, YOUNG MEN AND BOYS AT that- building, with the" cow barn was 4 to 2', Princeton winning four " WHeeler Wilcox^writing on the subject, STRAIGHT DISCOUNT OF 25 PER CENT. adjoining it, and a brooder, were com- •says: runs in the first inning while Cranbury can. be stylish; cool and good. pletely destroyed, entailing a loss of "Those who have Jooked with sent two men across the plate in the $30,000 _ • • • Certainly, if bought from the ONE-FOURTH OFF 'concern upon the growth of the cigaret seventh as the result of a wild heave The fire was discovered by" Prof. J. Yard stock of .dainty offerings. $8 50 Suits now $6.33 $"10.00 Suits now $7,50 Jiabit among women are wondering by W. Foley. Both Applegate and Yolney Lewis?, of the Experiment. -
The Next Labor Market in College Sports
STANDEN (DO NOT DELETE) 5/20/2014 12:37 PM View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Oregon Scholars' Bank JEFFREY STANDEN The Next Labor Market in College Sports I. The Invariance Principle and the Baseball Labor Market ... 1097 II. The Labor Market in College Sports ................................... 1105 III. Student-Athletes Who Are Paid .......................................... 1116 IV. The Unlikely Demise of the Amateur Athlete ..................... 1123 Conclusion ...................................................................................... 1126 he 1956 publication of Simon Rottenberg’s The Baseball TPlayers’ Labor Market1 began the serious academic study of sports. This insightful article is brimming with ideas and spurred a generation of economic analysis.2 It is also a startlingly prescient, if un-cited, prelude to Ronald Coase’s subsequent work that gained great traction in the legal academy.3 Coase’s article became the most cited journal article in the history of legal scholarship4 and earned its author the Nobel Prize in Economics.5 Rottenberg’s paper, however, Dean and Professor of Law, Northern Kentucky University Chase College of Law. Research assistance was provided by Jeremie Imbus, Stephanie Isaacs, Brian Morris, and Shaun Roberts. 1 Simon Rottenberg, The Baseball Players’ Labor Market, 64 J. POL. ECON. 242 (1956), available at http://www.vanderbilt.edu/econ/faculty/Vrooman/rottenberg.pdf. 2 Allen R. Sanderson & John J. Siegfried, Simon Rottenberg and Baseball, Then and Now: A 50th Anniversary Retrospective (Vanderbilt Univ. Dep’t of Econ., Working Paper No. 06-W06, 2006), available at http://www.vanderbilt.edu/econ/wparchive/workpaper /vu06-w06.pdf. 3 Ronald Coase, The Problem of Social Cost, 3 J.L. -
This Entire Document
DEVOTED TO BASE BALL BICYCLING GUNS VOLUME 29, NO. 18. PHILADELPHIA, JULY 24, 1897. PRICE, FIVE CENTS. BREAKS AVERTED. ARE ON THEIR WAY HOME YIA TWO MINOR LEAGUES MAKE MID- EUROPE. SEASON SHIFTS, To Play in England Before Returning The Eastern League Transfers the Ro to Australia Much Pleased With chester Team and Franchise to Their Treatment in This Country, Montreal and the Texas League Though Their Trip Was a Failure, Shifts Denison©s Clnl) to Waco, Thirteen members of the Australian base For the first time in years a mid-season ball team sailed ou the 15th inst. from New change has been made in the Eastern York ou the American liner "St. Paul" for League circuit. Some time ago a stock England. Those in the party were: Man company was organized in Montreal by Mr. ager Harry Musgrove, Charles Over, Charles W. H. Rowe, with ample capital, with a Kemp, Walter G. Ingleton, Harry S. Irwin, view to purchasing an Eastern League fran Peter A. McAllister, Rue Ewers, Arthur chise. Efforts were made to buy either tlie K. Wiseman, Alfred S. Carter, J. H. Stuck- "Wilkesbarre or Kochester Clubs, both of ey, John Wallace and Frank Saver. which were believed to be in distress. The MU SGKOVE© S PLANS. former, however, was braced up and "We shall carry out our original inten will play out the season. Rochester tion ,of a trip around the world," said Mr. was on the fence regarding the Musgrove. ©-We shall probably play some proposition made when fate stepped in and de games in London and other parts of iCngland cided the question. -
San Francisco Giants We've Got You All Covered: June 8-14 Presented By
SAN FRANCISCO GIANTS WE'VE GOT YOU ALL COVERED: JUNE 8-14 PRESENTED BY Oracle Park 24 Willie Mays Plaza San Francisco, CA 94107 Phone: 415-972-2000 sfgiants.com sfgigantes.com giantspressbox.com @SFGiants @SFGigantes @SFGiantsMedia NEWS & NOTES GIANTS INTERVIEW SCHEDULE Oracle Park / Distance Learning: Giants Geometry, presented by Oracle: Oracle Park Educational Tours have gone digital! We have taken the foundation of our existing Educational Tours program and created virtual learnings Monday - June 8 and supplemental activities that adhere to Common Core academic standards. Click to read more on Page Two 7:35 a.m. - Mike Krukow With the 2020 MLB First-Year Player Draft scheduled to joins Murph & Mac begin Wednesday night at 4 p.m. PT, this week's Chalk 5 p.m. - Gabe Kapler Talk at Home will take place tomorrow (Tuesday) at 6 p.m. PT. This week, General Manager Scott joins Tolbert, Krueger & Brooks Harris and 2019 Giants first-round pickHunter Bishop will join the broadcast crew. Tuesday - June 9 SCHEDULED GUESTS THIS WEEK 7:35 a.m. - Duane Kuiper joins Murph & Mac SCOTT HARRIS 4:30 p.m. - Dave Flemming joins Tolbert, Krueger & Brooks TOMORROW @ 6 P.M. | YOUTUBE.COM/GIANTS HUNTER BISHOP Wednesday - June 10 THIS WEEK IN GIANTS HISTORY 7:35 a.m. - Mike Krukow joins Murph & Mac JUNE Mac Williamson hit solo homer accounted for all of move past Mickey Mantle into a solo home run off the scoring. For Taylor‚ a rein- 11th place on the career list. It 11:50 a.m. - Jon Miller 8 Boston’s David Price stated service player‚ it was his was only the third time in Major joins Papa & Lund 2016 to break a 1-1 tie in first Major League home run. -
LOT# TITLE BIDS SALE PRICE* 1 1909 E102 Anonymous Christy Mat(T)
Huggins and Scott's December 12, 2013 Auction Prices Realized SALE LOT# TITLE BIDS PRICE* 1 1909 E102 Anonymous Christy Mat(t)hewson PSA 6 17 $ 5,925.00 2 1909-11 T206 White Borders Ty Cobb (Bat Off Shoulder) with Piedmont Factory 42 Back—SGC 60 17 $ 5,628.75 3 Circa 1892 Krebs vs. Ft. Smith Team Cabinet (Joe McGinnity on Team) SGC 20 29 $ 2,607.00 4 1887 N690 Kalamazoo Bats Smiling Al Maul SGC 30 8 $ 1,540.50 5 1914 T222 Fatima Cigarettes Rube Marquard SGC 40 11 $ 711.00 6 1916 Tango Eggs Hal Chase PSA 7--None Better 9 $ 533.25 7 1887 Buchner Gold Coin Tim Keefe (Ball Out of Hand) SGC 30 4 $ 272.55 8 1905 Philadelphia Athletics Team Postcard SGC 50 8 $ 503.63 9 1909-16 PC758 Max Stein Postcards Buck Weaver SGC 40--Highest Graded 12 $ 651.75 10 1912 T202 Hassan Triple Folder Ty Cobb/Desperate Slide for Third PSA 3 11 $ 592.50 11 1913 T200 Fatima Team Card Cleveland Americans PSA 5 with Joe Jackson 9 $ 1,303.50 12 1913 T200 Fatima Team Card Brooklyn Nationals PSA 5 7 $ 385.13 13 1913 T200 Fatima Team Card St. Louis Nationals PSA 4 5 $ 474.00 14 1913 T200 Fatima Team Card Boston Americans PSA 3 2 $ 325.88 15 1913 T200 Fatima Team Card New York Nationals PSA 2.5 with Thorpe 5 $ 296.25 16 1913 T200 Fatima Team Card Pittsburgh Nationals PSA 2.5 13 $ 474.00 17 1913 T200 Fatima Team Card Detroit Americans PSA 2 16 $ 592.50 18 1913 T200 Fatima Team Card Boston Nationals PSA 1.5 7 $ 651.75 19 1913 T200 Fatima Team Cards of Philadelphia & Pittsburgh Nationals--Both PSA 6 $ 272.55 20 (4) 1913 T200 Fatima Team Cards--All PSA 2.5 to 3 11 $ 770.25