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The Research and Scholarship Symposium The 2018 yS mposium
Apr 11th, 1:30 PM - 2:00 PM Paradigms and Paleoartists: How our Perception of Dinosaurs Forms Jordan C. Oldham Cedarville University, [email protected]
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Oldham, Jordan C., "Paradigms and Paleoartists: How our Perception of Dinosaurs Forms" (2018). The Research and Scholarship Symposium. 9. http://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/research_scholarship_symposium/2018/podium_presentations/9
This Podium Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Cedarville, a service of the Centennial Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Research and Scholarship Symposium by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Cedarville. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PARADIGMS AND PALEOARTISTS HOW OUR PERCEPTION OF DINOSAURS FORM JORDAN OLDHAM RESEARCH AND SCHOLARSHIP SYMPOSIUM 2018 PARADIGMS
• Thomas S. Kuhn in 1962 wrote the Structure of Scientific Revolutions
• He proposed that science changes through scientific revolutions and paradigm shifts Crisis Point Scientific Revolution Anomaly
Normal Paradigm Science Shift HISTORY OF DINOSAUR PALEONTOLOGY
Dawn of Paleontology • George Cuvier • Fossil first discovered were thought belong to living organisms • George Cuvier ended this idea through his theory of extinction • Victorian Era Paleontology • Richard Owen created the group dinosauria • His aim was to end Lamarckism and Darwinian Evolution Sir Richard Owen • He reconstructed them like giant elephantine reptiles • Years later Joseph Leidy and William Foulke discovered a new dinosaur • The new discovery proved dinosaur did not walk quadrupedally Joseph Leidy • They reconstructed Hadrosaurus to look like a giant reptilian kangaroo • Louis Dollo described a fossil trackway
• Tracks occur in the same layer as Iguanodon fossil
• Based on the tracks he concurred with Leidy and Foulke’s tripodal stance
Louis Dollo John Ostrom HISTORY OF DINOSAUR PALEONTOLOGY
• John Ostrom Questions the Paradigm • The tripodal stance continued till the 1960’s • The discovery of Deinonychus lead him to believe that dinosaurs were active • The Skeleton of Deinonychus was hollow, the wrist was bird-like, and the foot was unique • The Dinosaur Renaissance • As a result of Ostrom’s discoveries other scientist began to research • From the 1960’s-1980’s a scientific revolution waged with the birth of a new paradigm • Other discoveries like Maiasaura, Ornithomimus back up Ostrom’s ideas
Robert Bakker’s Reconstruction of Deinonychus PALEOARTISTS
• Early Artists Beche’s • Henry De la Beche Duria antiquior • Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins • Reconstructed the first dinosaurs according to Owen’s reconstructions
Flyer for the Crystal Palace Flyer for the Crystal Palace with Hawkins’ with Hawkins’ Reconstruction Reconstruction of of Iguanodon and Megalosaurus Hylaeosaurus Waterhouse Hawkins’ reconstruction of Hadrosaurus PALEOARTISTS
• Charles R. Knight Charles R. Knight • The most famous paleoartist • Instead of reconstructing dinosaurs as slow, he gave them energetic poses • Because of this he is known as “the artist who saw through time”
Leaping Laelaps Knight’s Brontosaurus Leaping Laelaps
Dino-Kingdom Tokyo, Japan MODERN PALEOARTISTS
• With the internet artists have access to up to date paleontology • Paleontologist will actively search out artists to reconstruct their discovery • In some cases paleontologists are artists like Gregory S. Paul, or Mark Witton
Mark Gregory S. Paul's Witton’s Dollodon Triceratops Lund EK, O’Connor PM, Loewen MA, Jinnah ZA (2016) A New Centrosaurine Ceratopsid, Machairoceratops cronusi gen et sp. nov., from the Upper Sand Member of the Wahweap Formation (Middle Campanian), Southern Utah. Official PR Art for the PLoS ONE 11(5): e0154403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.015440 Utahraptor Project 3
Mark Witton’s Reconstruction of Machairoceratops
Julius T. Csotonyi’s Reconstruction of the Utahraptor Bone Slab DINOSAURS IN POP CULTURE
• Because of artist dinosaurs have become a part of our culture • Along with movies like the Jurassic Park series or Land Before Time
Julius Csotonyi’s Reconstruction of Suchomimus Like to Learn More?
• A published paper will be in the Spring 2018 Issue of Channels • Four-Legged Megalosaurus and Swimming Brontosaurs: A Brief History of Paradigm Shifts within Dinosaur Paleontology References
• Bakker, R.T. (1986) Dinosaur Heresies. New York: Kensington Publishing Corporation • Cope, E.D. (1868) The Fossil Reptiles of New Jersey. In: Weishampel, D.B. and White, N.A., The Dinosaur Papers 1676-1906. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 326-331 • Cuvier, G. (1796) Note on the skeleton of a very large species of quadruped, hitherto unknown, found in Paraguay and deposited in the Cabinet of Natural History of Madrid. In: Rudwick, M.J.S., Georges Cuvier, Fossil Bones and Geological Catastrophes: New Translations and Interpretations of Primary Texts. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 26-32 • Cuvier, G. (1815) Essays on the Theory of the Earth. digital ed. 2009, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press • Desmond, A. (1990) The Hot-Blooded Dinosaurs. 2nd ed. London: Hutchinson Radius • Desmond, A. (1984) Archetypes and Ancestors. 2nd ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press • Dollo, L. (1883) Third Note on the Dinosaurs of Bernissart. In: Weishampel, D.B. and White, N.A., The Dinosaur Papers 1676-1906. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 394-410 • Foulke, W.P., Leidy, J. (1858) Remarks Concerning Hadrosaurus. In: Weishampel, D.B. and White, N.A., The Dinosaur Papers 1676-1906. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 262-266 • Leidy, J. (1865) An Excerpt from the Cretaceous Reptiles of the United States. In: Weishampel, D.B. and White, N.A., The Dinosaur Papers 1676-1906. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 289-312 • Kuhn, T.S. (1970) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2nd ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press • Ostrom, J. H. (1964). A reconsideration of the paleoecology of hadrosaurian dinosaurs. American Journal of Science, 262(8), 975-997. • Rudwick, M.J.S. (1992) Scenes From Deep Time. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press