DOCSLIB.ORG

NUCLEAR LAW BULLETIN No. 46

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

NUCLEAR LAW BULLETIN No. 46 Contents Detailed Table of Contents Studies and Articles Case Law and Administrative Decisions National Legrslative and Regulatory Actrvrtres International Regulatory Activitres Agreements Texts Bibliography ThlS BulletIn ulcludeo a supplement December 1990 Nuclear Energy Agency Orgamsakan for Economic Co-operahon and Development Pursuant to article I of the Convention ugncd m Pdns on 14th December 1960 and u hlch came mm force on 30th September 1961. the Organ~satwn for F.conom~c Gopcrat~on and Development (OECD) shall promote pols~cs deagned - to achwe the hlghat sustamahk economw growth and employment and a nrmg standard of lwmg m Member countna whde mamtammg linanaal stablIlt, and thus to mntnhute to the ckvclopment of the world economy - to contnbutc to sound cconom~c cxpansmn m Member as well as non-member countnes tn the prams of ec~norn~c development and - to contnbute to the expansmn of world trade on a mululateral nondwnmmatory basis m accordance wth mtcntatmnal obbgattons The ongmal Member countnes of the OECD are Austna Beigmm Canada Denmark France the Federal Rcpubbc of Germany, Greece Iceland Ireland Italy Luxembourg the Netherlands Norway, Portugal Spam Sweden Swttzerland Turkey the Umted Kmgdom and the Umted Stata Tbe followmg countnes became Members subsequentI) through accewon at the data mdtcated hereafter Japan (28th Apnl 1964) Finland (28th Januan 1969) Autraba (7th June 1971) and New Zealand (29th May 1973) The Soaabst Federal Repubbc of Yugoslavia takes part m some of the work of the OECD (agreement of 28th October 1961) The OECD Nuclear Enerp Agemqy (NEA) war esrabhshed on Is, Februon 1978 under the nome o/the OEEC European Nuclear Energv Agency Ir recerved 1,s presem deslgnorron on 20th Apt-d 1972 when Japan became rrsfirsr non European/u// Member IVEA membership rcdq convs~s ofa// European Member counfnes ofOECD os we// as Auwo/~o Canodo Japan and theL’mted Sfores The Commurron ofrhe EuropeanCommunrrres rakesparr m rhe mwk of the Agenr) The pnmar~ objec11ve oj,VEA IS ,o promote c~operormn among the goternmenrr of IIS parrupormg coultlnes mfwrhenng the dwelopmem of nuclearporer as o so/e emronmen ml!, acceptable and ecmnnoc energ) source Thts IS ochiwed b> serrrng up rnternarroaal research and developmerv prognvnmer and ,om’ under takings In rhese and relarrd racks NEA wwks ,n c/are co/lobworron x,rh rhe Inrernorronol 4romrc Energ) Agenct III )‘tenno rrrh which jr has cowluded (I Co-operorron Agreemmr ns reli UT wfh other uuernarronol wgamsorrom ,n the nuc/ewfie/d LEGAL NOTICE The Orgamsatmn for Economtc Co-operat~on and Development assumes no habthn conccrmng mfotmatton published tn &IS Bulletm 0 OECD 1990 Appltcatlon for pernuss~on to reproduce or translate all or part of thn pubhcatmn should be made to Head of Publlcatlons Sawce OECD 2 rue Andre Pascal 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16 France POREYORD This edItron of the Bulletrn contains tvo articles the first of vhlch, bearrng In mind the responslbllltles to future generations, analyses the ethics and legal aspects of radioactive vaste drsposal, while the second article concerns a toplcal issue - It provides an account of the recent Nuclear Non-Prollferatron Treaty Revrslon Conference In the Chapter on Case Lav, a court ruling In the Llnlted Kingdom on a claim for compensatron for damage to real property due to radIoactIve contamlnatlon 1s reported, as 1s a Svlss court declslon to compensate market-gardeners for economic losses follovlng the Chernobyl awldent In the framevork of post-Chernobyl lnternatlonal co-operation, two agreements have been concluded under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the World Eealth Organzsatlon respectrvely, the first on an rnternatlonal research programme on the effects of the accldent, to be carried out at the Chernobyl Centre, and the second setting up a programme to monxtor and mltrgate Its effects on the exposed populatron, to be carrzed out at the Obnrnsk Centre These agreements are reported In the Bulletrn vhlch also reproduces extracts from a Note by the USSR authorltles on the economic and socral consequences of the accident rn that country. As usual, InformatIon 1s provided on the latest developments In nuclear leglslatlon Thus time, in particular, the new French Act on nuclear third party lrablllty is analysed and its text 1s reproduced In the Supplement to the BulletIn Fxrally, a serves of bilateral agreements rn the nuclear field are noted 3 DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF CORRBsFoNDlwcs 7 ARTICLES Radloactlve Waste tlanagement Ethics, Lav and Policy, by P Strohl 10 Non-Prollferatlon Treaty 1990 Revlev Conference Looklng Tovards 1995, by L Rockvood 25 CASE LAW Compensation for market-gardeners after the Chernobyl disaster (1990) 42 UNITED KINcDon Herlln and others v Brltlsh Nuclear Fuels plc (1990) 43 ADHINI~TIVB DRCISIONS Appllcatlon for llcence for lnterun central radloactlve waste repository (1990) 49 NATIONAL LRGISLATIVB AMI REGULATORYACI’IWTIBS BRAZIL Assignment of competence I” the nuclear field (1990) 51 Decree on the natIona environmental policy (1990) 52 Bill on radIoactIve waste reposltorles (1990) 52 CANADA AECB Cost Recovery Fees Regulations and consequential amendments to other Regulations (1990) 53 Amendment of the Atomic Energy Control Regulations concerning export 11cences (1990) 53 CZECROSLOVAKIA Establishment of the Federal Committee for the Environment (1990) 54 FRAna Order to amend the 1976 Order setting up a” Institute for ProtectIon and Nuclear Safety (1990) 54 Order deflnlng the control methods laid down by the 1986 Decree on the protectlo” of vorkers against lonlzlng radlatlons (1990) 55 Act on the third party llablllty of the operators of nuclear lnstallatlons I” France (1990) 55 Order on treatment of poultry by lonlzlng radlatlo” (1990) 62 4 GRRHANY German unlflcatlon 63 Ordinance on establlshlng a radlatlon protectlo” register (1990) 67 Advance flnanclal contrlbutlons for the flnal repository for radloactlve vaste (1990) 67 Assessment of the effects of mlnlng projects on the environment (1990) Foreign Trade Act amendment (1990) 67 HUNGARY Ordinance on the establishment of a NatIonal Nuclear Accident Preventlo” system (1990) 68 ITALY Implementation of the Community Health Dlrectlves (1990) 69 NORWAY Extension of the authority of IET (1990) 69 PORTUGAL Decree on protectlo” against lonrzlng radlatlons (1990) . 70 Order on hospital residues (1990) 70 Decree-Lav on environmental protectlo” (1990) 70 SWEDEN Removal of goods from controlled areas (1999) 71 SVI- Public votes on nuclear energy (1990) 71 UNITED RINGDDH Amendment of the Nuclear Installations Act 1965 (1990) 72 UNITED STATES Revision of NRC rules on provlslon of lnformatlon (1990) 73 Temporary storage of spent fuel (1990) 74 Storage of spent fuel I” dry casks (1990) 74 Report of Presldentlal Commlsslon on Catastrophic Nuclear Accidents (1990) 75 Rule on export components for use III gaseous dlffuslon plants (1990) 76 I-TIONAL RKULATORY ACTIVITIES NEA A single court for compensation for nuclear damage 77 Appointment of the judges of the European Nuclear Energy Tribunal 78 IAEA Standlng CommIttee on Llablllty for Nuclear Damage 78 Transboundary movement of radloactlve waste 79 BDROPRANCDWDNITIES ProtectIon of the public against Indoor exposure to radon (1990) 81 Establxshment of the European Environment Agency (1990) 81 BILATBRAL A-S AUSTRALIA/SINGbOORB Agreement on physlcal protectlo” of nuclear materials (1989) 83 AWTRALIA/lJNITKD STATES Agreement on Australxan ores contalnlng uranlum/thorlum (1989) a4 5 Exchange of technlcal InformatIon and co-operation I” nuclear safety regulation (1990) 84 czEcBOSLovAKI‘uGERnAnY Agreement on nuclear safety and radlatlon protectIon (1990) 85 FTtANcRIGERnANY Agreement on reprocessing German spent fuel elements at la Hague (1990) 85 FRANCE/JAFAN Amendment of the Agreement on peaceful nuclear co-operation (1990) 86 GEanANY/PoLAND Agreement for co-operatxon on research 1” the nuclear field (1990) 87 JAPAN/REPUBLIC OF KOREA Co-operation III the peaceful uses of nuclear energy (1990) a: SVEDENNSSR Agreement on Early Notlflcatlon (1988) 88 USSR/IAEA Agreement on lnternatlonal research on the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (1990) 88 ussR/wio Uemorandum of UnderstandIng on an InternatIonal programme on the health effects of the Chernobyl accident (1990) 89 MULTILATERAL AGREBKKWS ConventIons on Early Notlflcatxon, Assistance and Physlcal Protection (status) 90 Status of African Reglonal Co-operative Agreement 91 FULLTEXTS Extracts from an lnformatlon note on the economic and social consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant 92 BIBLIOGFAPEY Canada, NL4, IAEA, CEC 101 FRANCE 1968 Act on third party llablllty in the field of nuclear energy, as amended by Act of 1990 6 ARGENTINA Wr J RARTINEZ FAVINI, Bead, Legal Department, National Atomic Energy Comrmssron AUSTRALIA MS W BARTLETT, Manager, Library Servaces, Australran Nuclear Scrence and Technology Organlsatron (ANSTO) DE F U. SCHMIDT, Bead of Section, Nuclear Co-ordrnation and Don-Proliferation, Federal Chancellery BBLGIUH Rr P STALLAERT, Socral Security Admlnrstratlon, Hrnlstry of Employment and Labour Rr F RIVALET, Legal Services, Ulnastry of Economac Affairs BRAZIL tlrs D FISCHER, Legal Affairs, Comissao National de Energia Nuclear CANADA fir P J BARKER, General Counsel, Atomic Energy Control Board CHINA Hs LIU XUERONG, Deputy Drrector General, Bureau of Foreagn Affairs, Hrnrstry of Nuclear Industry czEcHosLovAKIA - Rr R BEZDEK, Professor
Recommended publications
  • Net Zero by 2050 a Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector Net Zero by 2050

    Net Zero by 2050 a Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector Net Zero by 2050

    Net Zero by 2050 A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector Net Zero by 2050 A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector Net Zero by 2050 Interactive iea.li/nzeroadmap Net Zero by 2050 Data iea.li/nzedata INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The IEA examines the IEA member IEA association full spectrum countries: countries: of energy issues including oil, gas and Australia Brazil coal supply and Austria China demand, renewable Belgium India energy technologies, Canada Indonesia electricity markets, Czech Republic Morocco energy efficiency, Denmark Singapore access to energy, Estonia South Africa demand side Finland Thailand management and France much more. Through Germany its work, the IEA Greece advocates policies Hungary that will enhance the Ireland reliability, affordability Italy and sustainability of Japan energy in its Korea 30 member Luxembourg countries, Mexico 8 association Netherlands countries and New Zealand beyond. Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Please note that this publication is subject to Switzerland specific restrictions that limit Turkey its use and distribution. The United Kingdom terms and conditions are available online at United States www.iea.org/t&c/ This publication and any The European map included herein are without prejudice to the Commission also status of or sovereignty over participates in the any territory, to the work of the IEA delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Source: IEA. All rights reserved. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org Foreword We are approaching a decisive moment for international efforts to tackle the climate crisis – a great challenge of our times.
  • The Nordic Countries and the European Security and Defence Policy

    The Nordic Countries and the European Security and Defence Policy

    bailes_hb.qxd 21/3/06 2:14 pm Page 1 Alyson J. K. Bailes (United Kingdom) is A special feature of Europe’s Nordic region the Director of SIPRI. She has served in the is that only one of its states has joined both British Diplomatic Service, most recently as the European Union and NATO. Nordic British Ambassador to Finland. She spent countries also share a certain distrust of several periods on detachment outside the B Recent and forthcoming SIPRI books from Oxford University Press A approaches to security that rely too much service, including two academic sabbaticals, A N on force or that may disrupt the logic and I a two-year period with the British Ministry of D SIPRI Yearbook 2005: L liberties of civil society. Impacting on this Defence, and assignments to the European E Armaments, Disarmament and International Security S environment, the EU’s decision in 1999 to S Union and the Western European Union. U THE NORDIC develop its own military capacities for crisis , She has published extensively in international N Budgeting for the Military Sector in Africa: H management—taken together with other journals on politico-military affairs, European D The Processes and Mechanisms of Control E integration and Central European affairs as E ongoing shifts in Western security agendas Edited by Wuyi Omitoogun and Eboe Hutchful R L and in USA–Europe relations—has created well as on Chinese foreign policy. Her most O I COUNTRIES AND U complex challenges for Nordic policy recent SIPRI publication is The European Europe and Iran: Perspectives on Non-proliferation L S Security Strategy: An Evolutionary History, Edited by Shannon N.
  • Preparatory Committee for the 2020 Review Conference of the Parties To

    Preparatory Committee for the 2020 Review Conference of the Parties To

    NPT/CONF.2020/PC.III/7 Preparatory Committee for the 2020 Review Distr.: General Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the 25 April 2019 Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Original: English Third session New York, 29 April–10 May 2019 National Report Pursuant to Actions 5, 20, and 21 of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) 2010 Review Conference Final Document Report submitted by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Introduction This is a draft document which we share with a wide audience to gather feedback on what we are doing well and what we could do differently. We will then produce a final version of the report for the Review Conference next year. The report outlines our commitment to achieving our long-term goal of a world without nuclear weapons by highlighting our efforts on disarmament, verification and safeguards. We firmly believe the best way to achieve this is through gradual nuclear disarmament, negotiated using a step-by-step approach within existing international frameworks, taking into account current and future security risks. The NPT has been so successful because it addresses the concerns of the Non-Nuclear Weapon States whilst also taking into account the security climate that provides the context for the Nuclear Weapons States’ possession of nuclear weapons. We have already achieved substantial reductions in our nuclear weapon stockpile. We believe developing effective measures for verifying nuclear disarmament will be vital for enabling the fulfilment of the goals of Article VI of the NPT. The UK believes that a Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement plus an Additional Protocol is the universal verification standard and we support the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) continued efforts to strengthen the international safeguards system across the world.
  • International Nuclear Law Essentials Programme

    International Nuclear Law Essentials Programme

    International Nuclear Law Essentials Paris, France 17 – 21 February 2020 Programme Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Nuclear Energy Agency Office of Legal Counsel ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 36 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Korea, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) was established on 1 February 1958. Current NEA membership consists of 33 countries: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Korea, Romania, Russia, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States.
  • Preparatory Committee for the 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the 13 March 2018

    Preparatory Committee for the 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the 13 March 2018

    NPT/CONF.2020/PC.II/WP.12 Preparatory Committee for the 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the 13 March 2018 Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Original: English Second session Geneva, 23 April–4 May 2018 Procedures in relation to exports of nuclear materials and certain categories of equipment and material under article III (2) of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Working paper submitted by Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and United States of America as the members of the Zangger Committee The co-sponsors propose that the Preparatory Committee submit to the 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons the following language for inclusion in the final document of the Review Conference: That the Review Conference: (a) Note that a number of States parties meet regularly in an informal group known as the Zangger Committee in order to coordinate their implementation of article III (2) of the Treaty related to the supply of nuclear material and equipment. To this end, those States parties have adopted two memorandums, A and B, which include a list of items triggering International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards, for their exports to non-nuclear-weapon States not parties to the Treaty, as set forth in IAEA document INFCIRC/209, as amended.
  • Approved 1540 Committee Matrix

    Approved 1540 Committee Matrix

    APPROVED 1540 COMMITTEE MATRIX The information in the matrices originates primarily from national reports and is complemented by official government information, including that made available to inter-governmental organizations. The matrices are prepared under the direction of the 1540 Committee. The 1540 Committee intends to use the matrices as a reference tool for facilitating technical assistance and to enable the Committee to continue to enhance its dialogue with States on their implementation of Security Council Resolution 1540. The matrices are not a tool for measuring compliance of States in their non-proliferation obligations but for facilitating the implementation of Security Council Resolutions 1540 (2004), 1673 (2006), 1810 (2008), 1977 (2011), 2055 (2012) and 2325 (2016). They do not reflect or prejudice any ongoing discussions outside of the Committee, in the Security Council or any of its organs, of a State's compliance with its non-proliferation or any other obligations. Information on voluntary commitments is for reporting purpose only and does not constitute in any way a legal obligation arising from resolution 1540 or its successive resolutions. Matrix entries are only indicators of fact and not indicators of the degree of compliance under resolution 1540 (2004) and its successor resolutions. Thus: An “X” in any data field signifies only that the 1540 Committee considers that a State has taken the steps required, and/or has provided specific references to the applicable legal basis or executive behaviour as evidence of such steps. An “X” against any data field does not necessarily signify that a State has met in full its 1540 obligations for that data field.
  • Innovative Nuclear Reactor Development

    Innovative Nuclear Reactor Development

    THREE-AGENCE STUDY IAEA INNOVATIVE NUCLEAR REACTOR DEVELOPMENT Opportunities for International Co-operation Profil couleur : Generic CMYK printer profile - None Composite Trame par dØfaut INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY 9, rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris, cedex 15, France The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) was established on 1st February 1958 under the name The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an of the OEEC European Nuclear Energy Agency. It autonomous body which was established in received its present designation on 20th April November 1974 within the framework of the 1972, when Japan became its first non-European Organisation for Economic Co-operation and full Member. NEA membership today consists of Development (OECD) to implement an inter- 28 OECD Member countries: Australia, Austria, national energy programme. Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, It carries out a comprehensive programme of Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, energy co-operation among twenty-six* of the Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, OECD’s thirty Member countries. The basic aims of the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Republic of the IEA are: Korea, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. • to maintain and improve systems for coping The Commission of the European Communities also with oil supply disruptions; takes part in the work of the Agency. • to promote rational energy policies in a global The mission of the NEA is: context through co-operative relations
  • Press Statement the Chairman of the Nuclear Non

    Press Statement the Chairman of the Nuclear Non

    Press Statement The Chairman of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Exporter’s Committee is pleased to note that 11 March 2001 marked the 30th anniversary of the first meeting of the group. Known as the Zangger Committee, in honor of its first Chairman Prof. Claude Zangger, the Committee was formed following the coming into force of the NPT, to serve as the "faithful interpreter" of its Article III.2, to harmonize the interpretation of nuclear export control policies for NPT Parties. The Committee has been focussing on what is meant in Article III.2 of the Treaty by "especially designed or prepared equipment or material for the processing, use or production of special fissionable material." The Zangger Committee maintains a Trigger List (triggering safeguards as a condition of supply) of nuclear-related strategic goods to assist NPT Parties in identifying equipment and materials subject to export controls. Today the Zangger Committee has 35 members including all the nuclear weapons states. Its Trigger List includes illustrative examples of equipment and materials judged to be within the understandings of the Committee. The Trigger List and the Zangger Committee’s understandings are published by the IAEA in the INFCIRC/209 series. At this time the current Chairman of the Zangger Committee, Dr. Fritz Schmidt of Austria, would like to recognize the important contributions that all members of the Committee have made to strengthening the Committee’s understandings and the nuclear nonproliferation regime. In particular, the Committee recognizes its previous Chairmen Dr. Claude Zangger of Switzerland and Ilkka Mäkipentti of Finland; and the U.K.
  • The Evolving Role and Image of the Regulator in Radioactive Waste Management

    The Evolving Role and Image of the Regulator in Radioactive Waste Management

    Radioactive Waste Management 2012 The Evolving Role and Image of the Regulator in Radioactive Waste Management Trends over Two Decades NEA Radioactive Waste Management ISBN 978-92-64-99186-6 The Evolving Role and Image of the Regulator in Radioactive Waste Management: Trends over Two Decades © OECD 2012 NEA No. 7083 NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 34 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Republic of Korea, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. This work is published on the responsibility of the OECD Secretary-General.
  • Nuclear Energy

    Nuclear Energy

    ENERGY AND TRANSPORTATION • ENERGY REQUIREMENT NUCLEAR ENERGY In 2009 nuclear energy provided nearly 22% of total electricity Comparability supply in OECD countries. However, the use of nuclear Some generation data are provisional and may be subject to energy varies widely. In all, 18 of the 34 OECD countries use revision. Generation data for Japan are for the fiscal year. nuclear energy at present, with ten generating one-third or more of their power from this source in 2009. Collectively, OECD countries produce about 83% of the world’s nuclear Nuclear electricity generation energy. The remainder is produced in 12 non-OECD Terawatt hours, 2009 economies. 798.7 847.7 Definition 400 375 The table gives the nuclear electricity generation in terawatt 350 hours (TWh) in each of the OECD member countries and in 325 selected non-OECD countries. The chart shows the 300 percentage share of nuclear in total electricity generation, in 275 each country and in the OECD as a whole. 250 The table also provides information on the number of 225 nuclear power plants in operation and under construction 200 as of 1 June 2011. 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 1 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932535014 Overview Nuclear energy expanded rapidly in the 1970s and 1980s, but in the last 20 years only small numbers of new nuclear power plants have entered operation. The role of nuclear energy in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and in increasing energy diversification and security of supply has been increasingly recognised over the last few years, leading to renewed interest in building new nuclear plants in several countries.
  • NPR 1.1: the Nuclear Suppliers Group

    NPR 1.1: the Nuclear Suppliers Group

    The Nuclear Suppliers Group by Tadeusz Strulak Ambassador Tadeusz Strulak served as Chairman of the Nuclear Suppliers Group meeting in 1992. He has been an ambassador to the International Atomic Energy Agency, and is currently an Advisor to the Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs. This article is adapted from a paper prepared for a workshop on "The New Role of International Organizations in Nonproliferation" held at the Monterey Institute of International Studies, August 27-29, 1993. Nuclear Export Control: The Early Stages Article III.2 of the NPT) should govern the exports of these items to non-nuclear weapon states not party to the NPT. The question of nuclear export control arose as early as the These requirements obligated nuclear suppliers: exports themselves. Suppliers first sought safeguards and a) to obtain the recipient's assurance excluding uses of the assurances of the peaceful use of exported items in the exported items for a nuclear explosion; 1950s. They sought these assurances through the b) to subject those items, as well as the material on the implementation of bilateral agreements. At that time, the Trigger List produced through their use, to IAEA application of safeguards was entrusted to the International safeguards; Atomic Energy Agency after its creation in 1957, and to c) to ensure that Trigger List items are not re-exported to Euratom, which safeguarded exports to its member states. a third party unless the third party recipient meets the conditions of a) and b). The parties who signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation These requirements and the Trigger List were of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in 1968 agreed "..
  • Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Symposium, Safety Cases for the Deep Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Where Do We Stand? Held January 23–25, 2007 in Paris, France

    Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Symposium, Safety Cases for the Deep Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Where Do We Stand? Held January 23–25, 2007 in Paris, France

    QUICK LOOK TRIP REPORT Subject: Foreign Travel Quick Look Report—Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Symposium, Safety Cases for the Deep Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Where Do We Stand? held January 23–25, 2007 in Paris, France Travel Dates: January 22–28, 2007 Location: Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) Headquarters, Paris, France Organization/Committee: Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Desired Outcome: The information and insights gained from the participation in the symposium will assist in integrating international perspectives on high-level radioactive waste repository programs and would make NRC/CNWRA activities and decisions more effective, efficient, and realistic. Results Achieved: The symposium resulted in improved understandings of commonalities of and differences between the approaches of different countries in developing safety cases for the deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste. The traveler presented a paper titled Perspectives on Developing Independent Performance Assessment Capability to Support Regulatory Reviews of the Safety Case. The traveler also presented a poster on behalf of an NRC staff member who was unable to attend; the poster title was Preclosure Safety Analysis for Seismically Initiated Event Sequences. Discussions following the presentation topics during the meeting provided valuable exchange of information and feedback as indicated in the items of note in the following Summary of the Trip. Summary of Trip: The stated aims of the symposium were to provide a venue to (i) share practical experiences on preparing for, developing and documenting a safety case; (ii) share experiences on the regulatory perspective; (iii) highlight the progress made in the last decade, the actual state of the art, and the observed trends; (iv) assess the relevance of international contributions in this field; and (v) receive indications useful to the future working program of the NEA and other international organizations.