Approved 1540 Committee Matrix

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Approved 1540 Committee Matrix APPROVED 1540 COMMITTEE MATRIX The information in the matrices originates primarily from national reports and is complemented by official government information, including that made available to inter-governmental organizations. The matrices are prepared under the direction of the 1540 Committee. The 1540 Committee intends to use the matrices as a reference tool for facilitating technical assistance and to enable the Committee to continue to enhance its dialogue with States on their implementation of Security Council Resolution 1540. The matrices are not a tool for measuring compliance of States in their non-proliferation obligations but for facilitating the implementation of Security Council Resolutions 1540 (2004), 1673 (2006), 1810 (2008), 1977 (2011), 2055 (2012) and 2325 (2016). They do not reflect or prejudice any ongoing discussions outside of the Committee, in the Security Council or any of its organs, of a State's compliance with its non-proliferation or any other obligations. Information on voluntary commitments is for reporting purpose only and does not constitute in any way a legal obligation arising from resolution 1540 or its successive resolutions. Matrix entries are only indicators of fact and not indicators of the degree of compliance under resolution 1540 (2004) and its successor resolutions. Thus: An “X” in any data field signifies only that the 1540 Committee considers that a State has taken the steps required, and/or has provided specific references to the applicable legal basis or executive behaviour as evidence of such steps. An “X” against any data field does not necessarily signify that a State has met in full its 1540 obligations for that data field. A “?” in any data field signifies that the references to legislative or other measures may not be directly relevant or are incomplete. A “NA” (Not Applicable) in any data field signifies that the data field is not applicable to that State where through legally binding instruments States specified that they do not possess related materials or facilities. A blank in any data field signifies that there is insufficient information available to enter an “X” or “?” against a particular data field. State: Czech Republic Date of Report: 25 October 2004 Dates of Additional Reports: 27 October 2004 23 January 2006 10 July 2014 29 November 2019 Date of Approval: 9 December 2020 1 I. OP 1 and related matters from OP 5, OP 8 (a), (b), (c) and OP10 Remarks (information Adherence to legally binding refers to the instruments, membership of page of the organisations, participation Relevant information (i.e. signing, deposit of instrument of accession, ratification, etc) English version of in arrangements and the national statements made. report or an official web site) Nuclear Non- 1 Proliferation Treaty Deposit 1 January 1993 (NPT) Nuclear Weapons Free 2 Zone/ Protocol(s) Convention for the 3 Suppression of Acts of Deposit 25 July 2006 Nuclear Terrorism Convention on Physical 4 Protection of Nuclear Deposit 24 March 1993 Material (CPPNM) 2005 Amendment to the 5 Deposit 30 December 2010 CPPNM Comprehensive Nuclear- 6 Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) Deposit 11 September 1997 (not in force) Chemical Weapons 7 Deposit 6 March 1996 Convention (CWC) Biological Weapons 8 Deposit 5 April 1993 Convention (BWC) 9 Geneva Protocol of 1925 Deposit 17 September 1993 1997 International Convention for the 10 Deposit 6 September 2000 Suppression of Terrorist Bombings 1999 International Convention for the 11 Deposit 27 December 2005 Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism 2 2005 Protocol to the Convention for the 12 suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of maritime navigation 2005 Protocol to the Protocol for the suppression of unlawful 13 acts against the safety of fixed platforms located on the continental shelf 2010 Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful 14 Acts Relating to Deposit 2 July 2013 International Civil Aviation Other relevant regional 15 legally binding EURATOM Treaty instruments International Atomic 16 Since 27 September 1993 Energy Agency (IAEA) 1. Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) 2. Australia Group (AG) 3. Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) 4. Zangger Committee (ZC) 5. Wassenaar Arrangement (WA) 17 Directly relevant 6. Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) Arrangements 7. Global Threat Reduction Initiative 8. Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction 9. International Partnership Against Impunity for the Use of Chemical Weapons 10. Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism Statement on non- provision of WMD and State reports that it does not provide any form of support to non-State actors that attempt to develop, acquire, manufacture, 18 related materials to possess, transport, transfer or use nuclear, chemical or biological weapons and their means of delivery. non-State actors Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) European Union (EU) Membership in relevant Council of Europe Committee of Experts on the Evaluation of Anti-Money Laundering Measures and the Financing of international, regional 19 Terrorism (MONEYVAL) or sub-regional INTERPOL organisations World Health Organization (WHO) World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) 3 World Customs Organization (WCO), and signed WCO Declaration on implementation of Framework of Standards to secure and facilitate global trade (SAFE Framework of Standards) Egmont Group 4 II. OP 2 - Nuclear Weapons (NW), Chemical Weapons (CW) and Biological Weapons (BW) National legislation which National legal framework Enforcement and civil/criminal penalties prohibits persons or entities to engage in one of the X/? X/? Remarks Source document of national implementation following activities and its N C B N C B Source document law enforcement W W W W W W NW/CW/BW: Criminal Act No. 40/2009, sections 280, 281 and 282 NW: NW: Act No. 263/2016 (Atomic Act), section 7 Act No. 263/2016 (Atomic Act), section 188 (manufacture nuclear weapons or other (offences) nuclear explosive devices) 1 manufacture X X X X X X CW: CW: Act No. 19/1997 on certain measures Act No. 19/1997, section 33 concerning CW prohibition BW: BW: Act No. 281/2002 on certain measures related Act No. 281/2002, section 21 to the ban of BW NW/CW/BW: Criminal Act No. 40/2009, sections 280 and 281 NW: NW: Act No. 263/2016 (Atomic Act), section 7 Act No. 263/2016 (Atomic Act), section 188 (acquire, import) 2 acquire X X X CW: X X X CW: Act No. 19/1997 on certain measures Act No. 19/1997 concerning CW prohibition BW: BW: Act No. 281/2002 on certain measures related Act No. 281/2002 to the ban of BW 5 NW/CW/BW: Criminal Act No. 40/2009, sections 280 and 281 NW: NW: Act No. 263/2016 (Atomic Act), section 7 Act No. 263/2016 (Atomic Act), section 188 (acquire any control over) 3 possess X X X CW: X X X CW: Act No. 19/1997 on certain measures Act No. 19/1997 concerning CW prohibition BW: BW: Act No. 281/2002 on certain measures related Act No. 281/2002 to the ban of BW NW/CW/BW: Criminal Act No. 40/2009, sections 280 and 281 NW: NW: Act No. 263/2016 (Atomic Act), section 7 Act No. 263/2016 (Atomic Act), section 188 (provide or seek assistance in the development) 4 develop X X X X X X CW: CW: Act No. 19/1997 on certain measures Act No. 19/1997 concerning CW prohibition BW: BW: Act No. 281/2002 on certain measures related Act No. 281/2002 to the ban of BW NW/CW/BW: NW/CW/BW: Criminal Act No. 40/2009, section 281 Criminal Act No. 40/2009, sections 280 and 281 (transport radioactive or hazardous substances without authorisation) NW: 5 transport X X X Act No. 263/2016 (Atomic Act), section 7 X X X (transport radioactive waste) CW: CW: Act No. 19/1997 on certain measures Act No. 19/1997 concerning CW prohibition 6 BW: Act No. 281/2002 on certain measures related to the ban of BW NW/CW/BW: NW/CW/BW: Criminal Act No. 40/2009, sections 280 Criminal Act No. 40/2009, sections 280 and 281 (imports, exports, transits weapons prohibited by law/international treaty) and 281 (import, export, obtains radioactive or hazardous substances without authorisation) NW: Act No. 263/2016 (Atomic Act), section 7(6) (transfer nuclear item in contradiction with 6 transfer X X X X X X international commitments) CW: CW: Act No. 19/1997 on certain measures Act No. 19/1997 concerning CW prohibition BW: Act No. 281/2002 on certain measures related to the ban of BW NW: NW/CW/BW: Act No. 263/2016 (Atomic Act), sections 6 (only Criminal Act No. 40/2009, sections 280 and 281 peaceful use) and 7 (carry out nuclear test explosion or other nuclear explosion) CW: CW: 7 use X X X Act No. 19/1997 on certain measures X X X Act No. 19/1997 concerning CW prohibition BW: BW: Act No. 281/2002 on certain measures related Act No. 281/2002, section 21 (fines) to the ban of BW attempt to engage in NW/CW/BW: NW/CW/BW: 8 abovementioned X X X Criminal Act No. 40/2009, section 21 X X X Criminal Act No. 40/2009, section 21 activities participate as an NW/CW/BW: NW/CW/BW: accomplice in Criminal Act No. 40/2009, sections 23 Criminal Act No. 40/2009, sections 23 and 24 9 X X X X X X abovementioned (accomplice) and 24 (participant) activities 7 NW: Act No. 263/2016 (Atomic Act) as amended, section 7 (provide/seek assistance in development) NW/CW/BW: NW/CW/BW: Criminal Act No. 40/2009, section 24 Criminal Act No. 40/2009, section 24 assist in 10 abovementioned X X X NW: X X X activities Act No.
Recommended publications
  • The Nordic Countries and the European Security and Defence Policy
    bailes_hb.qxd 21/3/06 2:14 pm Page 1 Alyson J. K. Bailes (United Kingdom) is A special feature of Europe’s Nordic region the Director of SIPRI. She has served in the is that only one of its states has joined both British Diplomatic Service, most recently as the European Union and NATO. Nordic British Ambassador to Finland. She spent countries also share a certain distrust of several periods on detachment outside the B Recent and forthcoming SIPRI books from Oxford University Press A approaches to security that rely too much service, including two academic sabbaticals, A N on force or that may disrupt the logic and I a two-year period with the British Ministry of D SIPRI Yearbook 2005: L liberties of civil society. Impacting on this Defence, and assignments to the European E Armaments, Disarmament and International Security S environment, the EU’s decision in 1999 to S Union and the Western European Union. U THE NORDIC develop its own military capacities for crisis , She has published extensively in international N Budgeting for the Military Sector in Africa: H management—taken together with other journals on politico-military affairs, European D The Processes and Mechanisms of Control E integration and Central European affairs as E ongoing shifts in Western security agendas Edited by Wuyi Omitoogun and Eboe Hutchful R L and in USA–Europe relations—has created well as on Chinese foreign policy. Her most O I COUNTRIES AND U complex challenges for Nordic policy recent SIPRI publication is The European Europe and Iran: Perspectives on Non-proliferation L S Security Strategy: An Evolutionary History, Edited by Shannon N.
    [Show full text]
  • Preparatory Committee for the 2020 Review Conference of the Parties To
    NPT/CONF.2020/PC.III/7 Preparatory Committee for the 2020 Review Distr.: General Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the 25 April 2019 Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Original: English Third session New York, 29 April–10 May 2019 National Report Pursuant to Actions 5, 20, and 21 of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) 2010 Review Conference Final Document Report submitted by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Introduction This is a draft document which we share with a wide audience to gather feedback on what we are doing well and what we could do differently. We will then produce a final version of the report for the Review Conference next year. The report outlines our commitment to achieving our long-term goal of a world without nuclear weapons by highlighting our efforts on disarmament, verification and safeguards. We firmly believe the best way to achieve this is through gradual nuclear disarmament, negotiated using a step-by-step approach within existing international frameworks, taking into account current and future security risks. The NPT has been so successful because it addresses the concerns of the Non-Nuclear Weapon States whilst also taking into account the security climate that provides the context for the Nuclear Weapons States’ possession of nuclear weapons. We have already achieved substantial reductions in our nuclear weapon stockpile. We believe developing effective measures for verifying nuclear disarmament will be vital for enabling the fulfilment of the goals of Article VI of the NPT. The UK believes that a Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement plus an Additional Protocol is the universal verification standard and we support the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) continued efforts to strengthen the international safeguards system across the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Preparatory Committee for the 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the 13 March 2018
    NPT/CONF.2020/PC.II/WP.12 Preparatory Committee for the 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the 13 March 2018 Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Original: English Second session Geneva, 23 April–4 May 2018 Procedures in relation to exports of nuclear materials and certain categories of equipment and material under article III (2) of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Working paper submitted by Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and United States of America as the members of the Zangger Committee The co-sponsors propose that the Preparatory Committee submit to the 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons the following language for inclusion in the final document of the Review Conference: That the Review Conference: (a) Note that a number of States parties meet regularly in an informal group known as the Zangger Committee in order to coordinate their implementation of article III (2) of the Treaty related to the supply of nuclear material and equipment. To this end, those States parties have adopted two memorandums, A and B, which include a list of items triggering International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards, for their exports to non-nuclear-weapon States not parties to the Treaty, as set forth in IAEA document INFCIRC/209, as amended.
    [Show full text]
  • Press Statement the Chairman of the Nuclear Non
    Press Statement The Chairman of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Exporter’s Committee is pleased to note that 11 March 2001 marked the 30th anniversary of the first meeting of the group. Known as the Zangger Committee, in honor of its first Chairman Prof. Claude Zangger, the Committee was formed following the coming into force of the NPT, to serve as the "faithful interpreter" of its Article III.2, to harmonize the interpretation of nuclear export control policies for NPT Parties. The Committee has been focussing on what is meant in Article III.2 of the Treaty by "especially designed or prepared equipment or material for the processing, use or production of special fissionable material." The Zangger Committee maintains a Trigger List (triggering safeguards as a condition of supply) of nuclear-related strategic goods to assist NPT Parties in identifying equipment and materials subject to export controls. Today the Zangger Committee has 35 members including all the nuclear weapons states. Its Trigger List includes illustrative examples of equipment and materials judged to be within the understandings of the Committee. The Trigger List and the Zangger Committee’s understandings are published by the IAEA in the INFCIRC/209 series. At this time the current Chairman of the Zangger Committee, Dr. Fritz Schmidt of Austria, would like to recognize the important contributions that all members of the Committee have made to strengthening the Committee’s understandings and the nuclear nonproliferation regime. In particular, the Committee recognizes its previous Chairmen Dr. Claude Zangger of Switzerland and Ilkka Mäkipentti of Finland; and the U.K.
    [Show full text]
  • NUCLEAR LAW BULLETIN No. 46
    NUCLEAR LAW BULLETIN No. 46 Contents Detailed Table of Contents Studies and Articles Case Law and Administrative Decisions National Legrslative and Regulatory Actrvrtres International Regulatory Activitres Agreements Texts Bibliography ThlS BulletIn ulcludeo a supplement December 1990 Nuclear Energy Agency Orgamsakan for Economic Co-operahon and Development Pursuant to article I of the Convention ugncd m Pdns on 14th December 1960 and u hlch came mm force on 30th September 1961. the Organ~satwn for F.conom~c Gopcrat~on and Development (OECD) shall promote pols~cs deagned - to achwe the hlghat sustamahk economw growth and employment and a nrmg standard of lwmg m Member countna whde mamtammg linanaal stablIlt, and thus to mntnhute to the ckvclopment of the world economy - to contnbutc to sound cconom~c cxpansmn m Member as well as non-member countnes tn the prams of ec~norn~c development and - to contnbute to the expansmn of world trade on a mululateral nondwnmmatory basis m accordance wth mtcntatmnal obbgattons The ongmal Member countnes of the OECD are Austna Beigmm Canada Denmark France the Federal Rcpubbc of Germany, Greece Iceland Ireland Italy Luxembourg the Netherlands Norway, Portugal Spam Sweden Swttzerland Turkey the Umted Kmgdom and the Umted Stata Tbe followmg countnes became Members subsequentI) through accewon at the data mdtcated hereafter Japan (28th Apnl 1964) Finland (28th Januan 1969) Autraba (7th June 1971) and New Zealand (29th May 1973) The Soaabst Federal Repubbc of Yugoslavia takes part m some of the work of the
    [Show full text]
  • NPR 1.1: the Nuclear Suppliers Group
    The Nuclear Suppliers Group by Tadeusz Strulak Ambassador Tadeusz Strulak served as Chairman of the Nuclear Suppliers Group meeting in 1992. He has been an ambassador to the International Atomic Energy Agency, and is currently an Advisor to the Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs. This article is adapted from a paper prepared for a workshop on "The New Role of International Organizations in Nonproliferation" held at the Monterey Institute of International Studies, August 27-29, 1993. Nuclear Export Control: The Early Stages Article III.2 of the NPT) should govern the exports of these items to non-nuclear weapon states not party to the NPT. The question of nuclear export control arose as early as the These requirements obligated nuclear suppliers: exports themselves. Suppliers first sought safeguards and a) to obtain the recipient's assurance excluding uses of the assurances of the peaceful use of exported items in the exported items for a nuclear explosion; 1950s. They sought these assurances through the b) to subject those items, as well as the material on the implementation of bilateral agreements. At that time, the Trigger List produced through their use, to IAEA application of safeguards was entrusted to the International safeguards; Atomic Energy Agency after its creation in 1957, and to c) to ensure that Trigger List items are not re-exported to Euratom, which safeguarded exports to its member states. a third party unless the third party recipient meets the conditions of a) and b). The parties who signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation These requirements and the Trigger List were of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in 1968 agreed "..
    [Show full text]
  • NPR73: NPT Export Controls and the Zangger Committee
    FRITZ SCHMIDT Report NPT Export Controls and the Zangger Committee FRITZ SCHMIDT Fritz Schmidt is the Chairman of the Zangger Committee and Director for Nuclear Nonproliferation in the Austrian Federal Ministry for Economy and Labor. He has dealt with nonproliferation matters since 1971 and has participated in every NPT review conference to date. While the opinions expressed in this viewpoint are not necessarily shared in toto by all members of the Zangger Committee, they do reflect the views of the Austrian Federal Ministry and elements of its policy for future activities in international fora. s required by Art. VIII.3, the Review Conference and coordination of export policies among all interested of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear states parties, and how the Zangger Committee could help AWeapons (NPT) was held from April 24 to May increase cooperation between suppliers and recipients. A 19, 2000, “to review the operation of this Treaty” since new and increasingly important element in these consid- the last conference in 1995 “with a view to assuring that erations is the role the International Atomic Energy Agency the purposes of the Preamble and the provisions of the (IAEA) should play in the framework of NPT export con- Treaty are being realized.”1 At the NPT Review and Ex- trols. In particular, IAEA information-collection activities tension Conference in 1995 (NPTREC), the parties de- could provide a way to reduce the burdens that export cided without a vote to extend the Treaty indefinitely. As controls currently place on individual states. part of the indefinite extension package, they adopted de- cisions on “Strengthening the Review Process for the THE ROLE OF EXPORT CONTROLS IN THE Treaty” and on “Principles and Objectives for Nuclear NPT FRAMEWORK Non-Proliferation and Disarmament.”2 The principal goal of the NPT, specified in Articles I The focus of this viewpoint is on export control require- and II, is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons.
    [Show full text]
  • 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
    NPT/CONF.2000/17 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation 18 April 2000 of Nuclear Weapons Original: English New York, 24 April-19 May 2000 Multilateral nuclear supply principles of the Zangger Committee Working paper submitted by Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Republic of Korea, Romania, the Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America as members of the Zangger Committee Introduction proliferation and disarmament” stated that “transparency in nuclear export controls should be 1. Previous Review Conferences of the Parties to the promoted within the framework of dialogue and Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons cooperation among all interested States party to the (NPT), when reviewing the implementation of the Treaty.” Treaty in the area of export controls, have repeatedly 3. Attached to this working paper are the statements noted the role of the Zangger Committee. The of previous NPT Review Conferences referring to the Committee, also known as the “NPT Exporters Zangger Committee. Committee”, essentially contributes to the interpretation of article III, paragraph 2, of the Treaty and thereby offers guidance to all parties to the Treaty. Zangger Committee The Committee and its work were mentioned in final documents or in Committee reports of Review Article III, paragraph 2 Conferences from 1975, 1985, 1990 and 1995. 2. The purpose of the present working paper is to 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Legislation in OECD and NEA Countries © OECD 2016
    N uclear Legislation in OECD and NEA Countries Regulatory and Institutional Framework for Nuclear Activities Greece Nuclear Legislation in OECD and NEA Countries © OECD 2016 Greece I. General Regulatory Regime ................................................................. 2 1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 2 2. Mining regime ............................................................................................. 3 3. Radioactive substances, nuclear fuel and equipment ........................................ 3 4. Nuclear installations .................................................................................... 3 a) Licensing and inspection, including nuclear safety ....................................... 3 b) Emergency response ............................................................................... 4 5. Trade in nuclear materials and equipment ...................................................... 5 6. Radiation protection .................................................................................... 5 7. Radioactive waste management .................................................................... 7 8. Nuclear security .......................................................................................... 7 9. Transport ................................................................................................... 8 10. Nuclear third party liability ..........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Public Statement Plenary Meeting of the Nuclear Suppliers Group Bern, Switzerland, 22–23 June 2017
    PUBLIC STATEMENT PLENARY MEETING OF THE NUCLEAR SUPPLIERS GROUP BERN, SWITZERLAND, 22–23 JUNE 2017 The twenty-seventh Plenary Meeting of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), 1 chaired by Ambassador Benno Laggner of Switzerland, was held in Bern, Switzerland, on 22 and 23 June 2017. The President of the Swiss Confederation, H.E. Ms. Doris Leuthard, welcomed the Participating Governments on behalf of the Swiss Government and reaffirmed Switzerland’s commitment to the work of the Group at a time when the principle of nuclear non-proliferation continued to be at the centre of international stability. The President highlighted the central role of the NSG in international efforts against the spread of nuclear weapons and its contribution to the international nuclear non-proliferation architecture with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) at its centre. The NSG took stock of developments since the last meeting in Seoul in 2016. Participating Governments reiterated their firm support for the full, complete and effective implementation of the NPT as the cornerstone of the international non-proliferation regime. Within the framework of the NSG’s mandate, the Group exchanged information on and expressed its concerns regarding continued global proliferation activities and reaffirmed its determination to continue to cooperate closely in order to deter, hinder and prevent the transfer of controlled items or technology that could contribute to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. The Participating Governments reconfirmed their commitment to UNSCRs 1718 (2006), 1874 (2009), 2087 (2013), 2094 (2013), 2270 (2016), 2321 (2016) and 2356 (2017), which strongly condemned the DPRK‘s nuclear tests.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Nonproliferation and Arms Control Primer Prepared for the Blue Ribbon Commission on America’S Nuclear Future
    PNNL-20432 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Nuclear Nonproliferation and Arms Control Primer Prepared for the Blue Ribbon Commission on America’s Nuclear Future LS Williams May 2011 PNNL-20432 Nuclear Nonproliferation and Arms Control Primer Prepared for the Blue Ribbon Commission on America’s Nuclear Future LS Williams May 2011 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352 PNNL-20432 Although the list of U.S. nuclear nonproliferation and arms control is too extensive to be described fully in these pages, the subset of arms control and nonproliferation initiatives that are most relevant to managing the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle includes the following: Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG): The NSG is a group of 46 nuclear supplier states—including the United States—“that have voluntarily agreed to coordinate their export controls governing transfers of civilian nuclear material and nuclear-related equipment and technology to non-nuclear weapon states.”1 These states agree to forego exports of nuclear material and technology to states that fail to join or comply with international nuclear nonproliferation regimes such as the NPT and nuclear weapon free zone agreements (e.g., North Korea, Pakistan). Fissile materials, nuclear reactors, reprocessing and enrichment technology are among the controlled items in the NSG Guidelines. In addition to other nonproliferation commitments, recipient states must commit not to transfer these imports to a third country without the supplier’s permission, and must ensure adequate physical security measures to prevent theft or unauthorized use.
    [Show full text]
  • Its History and Future Role
    Fritz W. Schmidt THE ZANGGER COMMITTEE: ITS HISTORY AND FUTURE ROLE by Fritz W. Schmidt Dr. Fritz W. Schmidt is the current Chairman of the Zangger Committee and Director for Nuclear Nonproliferation in the Austrian Federal Chancellery. He has dealt with nonproliferation matters since 1971 and has participated in every NPT review conference to date. This article is partly based on a paper he presented with William Dickson, the former Secretary of the Zangger Committee, to a workshop on “universal reporting” in September 1993 at the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna. he following article is in- and the linkage between its para- states party to the NPT. The text of tended to provide some in- graphs 1 and 2. this model agreement was published T sight into the development of as IAEA Document Information international nuclear export controls HISTORY OF THE ZAC Circular 153 (hereafter “INFCIRC/ under the Treaty on the Non-Prolif- 153”). eration of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). The text of Article III of the NPT Immediately after the committee It deals with the history of the formulated the twin obligations for finished its work, a number of ma- Zangger Committee (ZAC), the safeguards and export control rather jor supplier countries—some already Trigger List, the ZAC’s practices generally. Thus, there was a need to party to the NPT, some only intend- and procedures, and its future work. interpret this language into concrete ing to become members—met in In the history section, the article also details and further clarify the respec- March 1971 under the chairmanship touches upon parallel nonprolifera- tive requirements.
    [Show full text]