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Mejoramiento Del Sistema De Gestión Integral De Residuos Sólidos Urbanos En El Municipio Del Distrito Y Provincia De Jaén, Departamento De Cajamarca, Perú

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Mejoramiento Del Sistema De Gestión Integral De Residuos Sólidos Urbanos En El Municipio Del Distrito Y Provincia De Jaén, Departamento De Cajamarca, Perú MEJORAMIENTO DEL SISTEMA DE GESTIÓN INTEGRAL DE RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS EN EL MUNICIPIO DEL DISTRITO Y PROVINCIA DE JAÉN, DEPARTAMENTO DE CAJAMARCA, PERÚ Trabajo fin de máster Máster Universitario en Ingeniería Ambiental Curso 2015-2017 Presentado por: Huaccha Castillo Annick Estefany Tutor: Barat Baviera Ramón Cotutor: Borras Falomir Luis Valencia, mayo de 2017 MEJORAMIENTO DEL SISTEMA DE GESTIÓN INTEGRAL DE RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS EN EL MUNICIPIO DEL DISTRITO Y PROVINCIA DE JAÉN, DEPARTAMENTO DE CAJAMARCA, PERÚ AGRADECIMIENTO A Dios por su infinito amor que me ha permitido cumplir con todas las metas propuestas. A mis padres y demás familiares, quienes con sus fuerzas de voluntad, carácter y confianza proyectadas en mi permitieron el desarrollo de mis objetivos. A la gran virtud y sabiduría impartida por los catedráticos con los que cuenta la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, en donde se seguirán forjando profesionales competentes. A mis tutores, a quienes agradezco la dedicación, la paciencia y los amplios conocimientos que me ha podido brindar durante el desarrollo del presente trabajo. A la Municipalidad Provincial de Jaén y a la Gerencia de Gestión y Desarrollo Ambiental, por el apoyo brindado y facilidades para llevar a cabo este trabajo de investigación. II MEJORAMIENTO DEL SISTEMA DE GESTIÓN INTEGRAL DE RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS EN EL MUNICIPIO DEL DISTRITO Y PROVINCIA DE JAÉN, DEPARTAMENTO DE CAJAMARCA, PERÚ RESUMEN Asegurar un nivel adecuado de salubridad en las personas, constituye para los gobiernos locales, uno de los retos más grandes que afrontar. Uno de estos desafíos lo constituye la gestión adecuada de la creciente generación de residuos sólidos urbanos, que vienen causando efectos nocivos, algunas veces irreversibles, en los recursos agua, aire y suelo y que además pone en riesgo a la salud e integridad de las personas; ello exige desarrollar e implementar propuestas que aborden el problema de manera integral, desde un enfoque que incorpore la participación de la comunidad, el gobierno y las instituciones locales así como del aporte del sector privado. Específicamente en la ciudad de Jaén, la generación de residuos, así como su inadecuada recogida, tratamiento y disposición final, han dado como resultado un incremento en los niveles de contaminación, sumado al incumplimiento de normas ambientales; por tanto, resulta necesario implementar las acciones oportunas encaminadas hacia la gestión sostenible de los residuos sólidos urbanos. El presente trabajo final de máster, está orientado a la mejora de la gestión integral de los residuos sólidos urbanos en el municipio del distrito y provincia de Jaén, departamento de Cajamarca, Perú a partir del análisis de sus condiciones sociales, administrativas y gerenciales, mediante una propuesta que abarca el fortalecimiento de la gestión municipal, la sensibilización ambiental y participación efectiva de la población, y la mejora de la calidad de la gestión de los residuos sólidos, desde su generación hasta su disposición final. Palabras claves: Residuos, Residuos Sólidos Urbanos, Gestión Integral. III MEJORAMIENTO DEL SISTEMA DE GESTIÓN INTEGRAL DE RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS EN EL MUNICIPIO DEL DISTRITO Y PROVINCIA DE JAÉN, DEPARTAMENTO DE CAJAMARCA, PERÚ RESUM Assegurar un nivell adequat de salubritat en les persones, constitueix per als governs locals, un dels reptes més grans d'afrontar. Un d'aquests reptes el constitueix una gestió adequada de la creixent generació de residus sòlids urbans, que vénen causant efectes nocius, algunes vegades irreversibles, en els recursos aigua, aire i sòl i que a més posen en risc la salut i integritat de les persones ; això exigeix desenvolupar i implementar propostes que aborden el problema de manera integral, des d'un enfocament que incorpori la participació de la comunitat, el govern i les institucions locals així com de l'aportació del sector privat. Específicament a la ciutat de Jaén, la generació de residus, així com la seva inadequada recollida, tractament i disposició final, han donat com a resultat un increment en els nivells de contaminació, sumat a l'incompliment de normes ambientals; per tant, resulta necessari implementar les accions oportunes encaminades cap a la gestió sostenible dels residus sòlids urbans. El present treball final de màster, està orientat a la millora de la gestió integral dels residus sòlids urbans al municipi del districte i província de Jaén, departament de Cajamarca, Perú a partir de l'anàlisi de les seves condicions socials, administratives i gerencials, mitjançant una proposta que abasta l'enfortiment de la gestió municipal, la sensibilització ambiental i participació efectiva de la població, i la millora de la qualitat de la gestió dels residus sòlids, des de la seva generació fins a la seva disposició final. Paraules claus: Residus, Residus Sòlids Urbans, Gestió Integral. IV MEJORAMIENTO DEL SISTEMA DE GESTIÓN INTEGRAL DE RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS EN EL MUNICIPIO DEL DISTRITO Y PROVINCIA DE JAÉN, DEPARTAMENTO DE CAJAMARCA, PERÚ ABSTRACT Ensuring an adequate level of health in people is one of the greatest challenges for local governments. One of these challenges is the adequate management of the growing generation of solid urban waste, which has been causing harmful effects, sometimes irreversible in resources such as water, air and soil, which also puts at risk the health and integrity of people; this requires developing and implementing proposals that address the problem in an integrated way, from an approach that incorporates the participation of the community, the government and local institutions as well as the contribution of the private sector. Specifically in the city of Jaén, the generation of waste, as well as its inadequate collection, treatment and final disposal, have resulted in an increase in the pollution levels, together with non-compliance with environmental standards; therefore, it is necessary to implement appropriate actions aimed at the sustainable management of solid urban waste. This final master's work is aimed at improving the integral management of solid urban waste in the municipality of the district and province of Jaén, department of Cajamarca, Peru from the analysis of its social, administrative and managerial conditions, through a proposal that includes strengthening of the municipal management, environmental awareness and effective participation of the population, and improving the quality of solid waste management from generation to final disposal. Keywords: Waste, Urban Solid Waste, Integral Management. V MEJORAMIENTO DEL SISTEMA DE GESTIÓN INTEGRAL DE RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS EN EL MUNICIPIO DEL DISTRITO Y PROVINCIA DE JAÉN, DEPARTAMENTO DE CAJAMARCA, PERÚ ÍNDICE Pág. CAPÍTULO 1: INTRODUCCIÓN ..................................................................................... 1 1.1 OBJETIVOS. .................................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 MARCO LEGAL. .......................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 MARCO TEÓRICO. .................................................................................................................... 11 CAPÍTULO 2: DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁREA DE INFLUENCIA ................................. 21 2.1 SITUACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA. ..................................................................................................... 21 2.2 ASPECTOS DEMOGRÁFICOS Y SOCIALES. ......................................................................... 22 2.3 ESTRUCTURA ECONÓMICA. .................................................................................................. 25 2.4 ASPECTOS FÍSICOS. ................................................................................................................. 26 CAPÍTULO 3: DIAGNÓSTICO DE LA GESTIÓN ACTUAL DE LOS RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS EN LA CIUDAD DE JAÉN ......................................................... 30 3.1 DIAGNÓSTICO GENERAL. ...................................................................................................... 30 3.2 INSTRUMENTOS DE GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL. ..................................................................... 31 3.3 ASPECTOS GERENCIALES Y ADMINISTRATIVOS. ........................................................... 38 3.4 ASPECTOS TÉCNICOS Y OPERATIVOS DE LA GESTIÓN MUNICIPAL DE LOS RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS. ............................................................................................ 41 3.5 ASPECTOS POBLACIONALES. ............................................................................................... 49 CAPÍTULO 4: PROPUESTA PARA EL MEJORAMIENTO DE LA GESTIÓN INTEGRAL DE LOS RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS ......................................... 50 4.1 MODALIDAD DE GESTIÓN. .................................................................................................... 50 4.2 ESTRUCTURA DE LA PROPUESTA. ...................................................................................... 50 4.3 EJE N° 01: FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA GESTIÓN MUNICIPAL. ....................................... 52 4.4 EJE N° 02: SENSIBILIZACIÓN AMBIENTAL EN LA POBLACIÓN. ................................... 54 4.5 EJE N° 03: MEJORAMIENTO DE LA CALIDAD DE LA GESTIÓN DE LOS RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS. ................................................................................................................ 63 CAPÍTULO 5: RECOGIDA Y TRANSPORTE DE LOS RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS ..................................................................................................................
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