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Ctenophora Eschscholtz, 1829 Registro de ctenóforos (Ctenophora Eschscholtz, 1829) en la costa central de Oaxaca, México Arturo Bell Enríquez-García*, Marco Antonio Hernández-de Dios & María de los Ángeles Horta-García. Resumen Abstract Los ctenóforos son un filum de invertebrados Ctenophores are a phylum of transparent planctónicos marinos, transparentes y gela- and jelly-like planktonic invertebrates, tinosos que poseen ocho hileras de paletas which bear eight rows of ctenes. Three species natatorias o ctenidios. En este trabajo se regis- of ctenophores ocurring in Oaxaca’s central coast tran tres especies de ctenóforos encontradas en la throughout the months November 2013 – December costa central de Oaxaca en el periodo de noviembre 2014 are registered. The organisms were collected de 2013 a enero de 2014. Las recolectas se reali- in different locations, approximately 1.6 km offs- zaron manualmente mediante buceo libre en dife- hore, in front of La Boquilla, Zipolite, La Mina rentes localidades, aproximadamente a 1.6 km de and Estacahuite. Every organism was donated to la costa, frente a La Boquilla, Zipolite, La Mina the Marine Invertebrates Systematics Laboratory y Estacahuite. Todos los ejemplares estudiados se (LABSIM) at the Universidad del Mar in Puerto encuentran depositados en la colección científica Ángel, Oaxaca. Two species belonging to the order del Laboratorio de Sistemática de Invertebrados Lobata: Bolinopsis infundibulum and Ocyropsis (LABSIM) de la Universidad del Mar, campus maculata immaculata, and one belonging to the Puerto Ángel. Se encontraron dos especies de cte- order Beroida: Beroe forskalii were found. At 1,800 nóforos pertenecientes al orden Lobata: Ocyropsis km in the Gulf of California can be found the closest maculata immaculata y Bolinopsis infundibulum, registers of species. The idea of disjoint distribution y una al orden Beroida: Beroe forskalii. Los regis- of Beroe forskalii is broken and the first register of tros a nivel de especie de este filum se encuentran the specie for the Mexican Pacific is made. The dis- en el golfo de California a 1,800 km al norte del tribution range of Ocyropsis maculata immaculata área estudiada. Se rompe la idea de la distribución is extended to the Mexican Pacific, being the first disyunta de Beroe forskalii y se realiza el primer register for the zone. The first register of Bolinospis registro para el Pacífico mexicano. Se extiende el infundibulum out of the Nordic waters is made, ámbito de distribución de Ocyropsis maculata extending its distribution to the Western Tropical immaculata al Pacífico mexicano, siendo el primer Pacific. registro para la zona. Se realiza el primer registro de Bolinospis infundibulum fuera de las aguas nórdicas, extendiendo su distribución al Pacífico Oriental Tropical. Palabras clave: Beroe, Bolinopsis, Ocyropsis, Key Words: Beroe, Bolinopsis, Ocyrospis, Pacífico Oriental Tropical, plancton. plancton, Western Tropical Pacific. Universidad del Mar, campus Puerto Ángel, Ciudad Universitaria, Apdo. Postal 47, Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca. C.P.70902. México. Correos electrónicos: *[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. *Autor de correspondencia: Arturo Bell Enríquez-García. Correo electrónico: [email protected] Ciencia y Mar 2013, XIX (51): 29-33 29 Los ctenóforos (Phylum Ctenophora) cialmente para las aguas nórdicas. Por constituyen un pequeño grupo de animales último, Bastida-Zavala et al. (2013) realizaron marinos pláncticos con un gran parecido a una revisión sobre la biodiversidad costera y las medusas; sin embargo, en vez de poseer marina de Oaxaca, no encontrando ningún cnidocitos poseen coloblastos, células no urti- registro para ctenóforos. cantes que utilizan para atrapar su alimento El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer las (Moss In: Felder, D.L. 2009) Estos organismos especies de ctenóforos presentes en la costa poseen ocho hileras de paletas natatorias o central de Oaxaca. Con este trabajo se espera ctenidios, los cuales constituyen el sistema contribuir al registro de especies para el país, locomotor de este grupo, siendo los organis- así como motivar un estudio más extenso mos más grandes en emplear cilios para su sobre el conocimiento de los organismos de locomoción. El movimiento de estos cteni- este filum presentes en Oaxaca. dios está coordinado por un órgano sensorial apical, el estatocisto. Estos organismos son Se realizaron cinco muestreos sema- iridiscentes, pero además, la mayoría de las nales frente a cuatro diferentes locali- especies son bioluminiscentes, expeliendo dades: Zipolite (15°38’52.22’’, -96°31’3.74’’), algunas sustancias que forman una nube que Estacahuite (15°39’30.28’’, -96°28’12.94’’), probablemente les sirva como un medio para La Mina (15°39’50.8’’, -96°27’57.36’’) y La evitar su depredación (Mianzan et al. 2009). Boquilla (15°40’21.5’’, -96°27’17.92’’), todos aproximadamente a 1.6 km de la costa. Todos los ctenóforos son carnívoros, ali- mentándose del zooplancton, incluyendo Los organismos se recolectaron manual- copépodos, anfípodos, huevos de peces y mente mediante buceo libre (0-10m de pro- larvas. Algunos, como el orden Beroida se fundidad) buscando la forma más adecuada alimentan de plancton gelatinoso, como otros para conservar la integridad del organismo. ctenóforos, medusas y salpas. (Mianzan et al. Se realizaron arrastres horizontales y ver- 2009). ticales con una red de nylon con un ancho de malla de 12 mm. Los muestreos horizon- Para el presente trabajo se sigue la clasifi- tales se realizaron a una velocidad de 1 m/s cación utilizada en Brusca & Brusca (2003), por una distancia de 20 m y los verticales a quienes reconocen dos clases dentro de este una velocidad de 0.5 m/s. desde una pro- filum: Nuda, para especies carentes de ten- fundidad de 10 m. No obstante este método táculos (solo el orden Beroida) y Tentaculata, resulto poco efectivo, ya que los organismos para especies con tentáculos (el resto de se rompían debido a su fragilidad. órdenes). Posteriormente se optó por capturar Como antecedentes para México y la organismo por organismo, metiéndolos en región tenemos que Gómez-Aguirre (1991) botes de plástico. Empleando este método registró dos especies de ctenóforos a 1,800 todos los organismos se conservaron ínte- km del área estudiada, en las zonas estuari- gros, por esta razón se sugiere realizar los nas del noroeste del país. Entre estos registros muestreos de esta forma en futuros trabajos. se encuentra al género Beroe. Posteriormente, La fijación se realizó con formalina al 2%. La Pantaleón-López et al. (2005) registraron la identificación se realizó mediante foto iden- presencia de ctenóforos en laguna la Pastoría, tificación, así como utilizando las guías de Oaxaca únicamente a nivel de filum. MossIn : Wroebel & Mills (1998) y Mills & Haddock Felder, D.L. (2009) realizó un listado de espe- (2007). Los ejemplares fueron donados al cies de ctenóforos para el golfo de México, Laboratorio de Sistemática de Invertebrados encontrando 18 de las aproximadamente Marinos (LABSIM) de la Universidad del 150 especies del filum que se conocen. Mills Mar campus Puerto Ángel. (2010) indicó que los estudios de faunística de ctenóforos en el mundo se encuentran Se identificaron 15 ejemplares, de los cuales cinco fueron identificados como Beroe Ciencia y Mar 2013, XIX (51): 29-33 limitados a ciertas zonas geográficas, espe- 30 Enríquez-García et al forskalii Milne-Edwards, 1841, dos como longitud del organismo, mientras que los dos Bolinopsis infundibulum (O.F Müller, 1776) pares restantes abarcan la mitad. y ocho como Ocyropsis maculata immaculata Distribución geográfica previa: Harbison & Miller, 1986. Las diagnosis se Pacífico Oriental, Atlántico Occidental presentan a continuación: (Anónimo2014a) Beroe forskalii Milne Edwards, 1841 Cuerpo en forma de cono comprimido; los ejemplares tenían una longitud de 5 a 7 cm y 3 a 4 cm de ancho; estomodeo (S) en forma de columna que inicia debajo del estatocisto y termina en la boca; patrón de coloración rosado; canales meridionales (M) forman una red cuyas ramas se anastomosan; la boca (B) ocupa todo el polo oral del organismo; estato- cisto (E) rodeado de papilas; hileras de peines (P) surgen debajo del estatocisto y se extien- Figura 2. Un ejemplar de Bolinopsis infundibulum y sus den dos terceras partes de su longitud. principales características: B: boca; A: aurículas, L: Distribución geográfica previa: Indo-Pacífico lóbulos orales, S: estomodeo, E: estatocisto, P: hile- oriental, Pacífico occidental, Atlántico ras de peines. Foto: Marco Antonio Hernández-de Occidental (Anónimo 2014a). Dios & María de los Ángeles Horta-García Ocyropsis maculata immaculata Harbison & Miller, 1986 Los organismos tenían una longitud de 5-7 cm y 4-6 cm de ancho; lóbulos (L) musculares grandes; cuerpo aplanado; la especie puede o no tener un par de manchas obscuras difu- sas en la superficie interna de cada lóbulo; sin embargo, la subespecie O. maculata immaculata no las presenta; transparente; semi-invagina- ción del estatocisto (E); estomodeo (S) en forma globular; lóbulos terminan en la boca (B). Figura 1. Un ejemplar de Beroe forskalii y sus caracte- Distribución geográfica previa: Atlántico rísticas: B: boca; M: Canales meridionales; P: hile- Occidental (Anónimo2014a) ras de peines; S: estomodeo; E: estatocisto. Foto: Arturo Bell Enríquez-García A diferencia de otros grupos taxonómicos que están mejor estudiados para la costa Bolinopsis infundibulum (O. F. Müller, 1776) oaxaqueña, no se tienen registros del filum Cuerpo oblongo
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