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Longing for Freedom. Poles and the January Uprising

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Longing for Freedom. Poles and the January Uprising Longing for freedom. Poles and the January Uprising Longing for freedom. Poles and the January Uprising Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) Longing for freedom. Poles and the January Uprising January Uprising Source: Aleksander Sochaczewski, Branka, domena publiczna. Link to the lesson You will learn direct and indirect causes of the January Uprising; course of insurgent activities and the figures of merit for the armed fight and the organization of the uprising; places of the most important battles and skirmishes. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu. After the defeat of Russia in the Crimean War, Tsar Alexander II was forced to mitigate his internal policy in the state. This period is called the post‐Sovastopol's thaw. Since the 60s of nineteenth century in the Kingdom of Poland the patriotic moods increased. The party of the so‐called The Whites counted on Russia's conflict with Western countries, thanks to which Poland would be reborn. The so‐called The Reds were seeking to the outbreak of a national uprising. The extraordinary conscription to the Russian army (Polish name: „branka”) accelerated the decisions of the Reds about the beginning of the uprising, which took place on January 22, 1863. The battles during the uprising was a kind of guerrilla war. After the execution of the last dictator of the uprising - Romuald Traugutt (by the hands of the Russians), the uprising fell. Soon after, Tsar Alexander II abolished the political separateness of the Kingdom of Poland. During his reign, a full Russification of Polish education and administration began. In 1874, the Kingdom of Poland, divided into 10 gubernia, was incorporated into Russia with the imposed authorities of the general‐governor. Since 1888 it appeared in official documents as the Vistula Land. It meant, it disappeared from the map of Europe for nearly half a century. Exercise 1 Look at the illustraon and solve the exercise. Tell where the Russian army was staoned. Why were they grouped there? in Wilanów at the Castle Square at Powazki at the Saxon square Exercise 2 Describe the three-field coat of arms of the secret Polish state from the January Uprising period (designed by Stefan Bobrowski), placing the appropriate names on the coat of arms. Search for informaon among which emerging naons, the support for the Polish struggle for independence was looked for. Task 1 Find on the above map the places of the most important bales and skirmishes. Check, which of them took place: at night 22/23 January 1863, during the struggle for a strategic iniave in the uprising, unl the end of March 1863, during an armed demonstraon, awaing the intervenon of the great powers, from April to September 1863, in the final stage of the uprising (during unsuccessful aempts to coordinate guerrilla acvies) from October 1863 to April 1864, in the period of the end of the armed rebellion aer April 1864. January Uprising Source: Krysan Chariza i zespół. Task 2 Check on the map, where the bale from August 8, 1863 took place. Task 3 Show on the map the areas where the insurgent units stayed for the longest period of me. Task 4 On the basis of the painng entled The Bale from the cycle of painngs Polonia, characterize the armament of the insurgent troops. Indicate its characterisc elements. “Polonia” cycle. Source: Artur Groger, 1863, domena publiczna. Task 5 Look at the photographs and read about history of the most famous Polish woman during the January Uprising. Who was Anna Henryka Pustowójtówna? Why was she famous on the internaonal scale? Why was she forgoen? Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie lektorskie Anna Henryka Pustowójtówna was born in 1838 (or 1843 according to other sources). She was a daughter of Marianna from the Kossak family and a Russian officer of Hungarian origin - Teofil Pustaya. Her patrioc views were most influenced by her grandmother, Brygida Kossakowska. In 1861, Pustowójtówna joined the patrioc demonstraons in Lublin, because of which she sentenced to closure in a Russian Orthodox monastery. In order to delay her exile, the girl simulated a disease, and her grandmother Anna Pustowójtówna delayed her granddaughter's departure. When she was Source: domena publiczna. kept under house arrest in Zhytomyr, she managed to escape with the help of her friends. Dressed up as a boy, with short hair and wearing a junior high school uniform, she took shelter in Michalen, Romanian Moldavia. She was hosted by Zygmunt Miłkowski, who supported Polish refugees and conspirators. Aer the outbreak of the January Uprising, Pustowojtówna, together with other volunteers, moved to the Russian Paron. On February 14, 1863, wearing a male costume and under the pseudonym of Michał Smok, she volunteered to join the unit of General Marian Langiewicz in Staszów. She took part in the bales near Małogoszcz, Pieskowa Skała, Chroberz and Grochowiska. The accounts of people living in her mes show that she proved great courage. She was the adjutant of Langiewicz, she also oen took care of the supply of the unit and was a Russian translator. On March 19, 183, she was arrested together with Langiewicz, while crossing the border. They were recognized despite the use of false documents. Soon, aer she made a promise that she would not return to armed struggle, Henryka Pustowójtówna regained her freedom. She went to Prague and then to Paris. She was already a legendary figure. Today, she becomes almost completely forgoen and overlooked in most textbooks. Henryka Pustowójtówna, however, was one of the most popular among the parcipants of the uprising. Only a 30-day episode in the unit was enough for the press to fell in love with the young soldier. Newspapers in Europe and North America willingly wrote about a brave Polish woman who was fighng in the uprising. Photographs and graphics with her image aracted readers and people kept their reproducons at home. Foreign correspondents interviewed her. Henryka Pustowójtówna worked in a florist's shop in Paris, and during the Franco-Prussian war she was a volunteer nurse. She passed away (in her sleep) in 1881. She had been then a wife, for several years, of an old friend from the unit of Langiewicz, Stanisław Lewenhard, a doctor, who she met again during the war with Prussia in France. She le four children orphans. The most popular photos of Pustowójtówna show her in insurgent clothes and with weapons. They were circulang all over Europe in different prints. They look like they were made in a forest camp. In fact, they were taken in Prague, in the photographic studio of Moritz Ludwig Winter. Pustowójtówna arrived in Prague on April 3rd or 4th in a black dress (worn in a sign of mourning). But the photographic studio had the appropriate props at their disposal. This enabled the arrangement of a very realisc scene. They were made soon aer the women soldier le the unit, as she sll has short hair there. Anna Henryka Pustowójtówna w mundurze The photography is a quite unique example. powstańczym Usually, during the uprising, women were Source: 1863, licencja: CC 0. portrayed as sensive ladies in black dresses, worn as a sign of naonal mourning, accompanying the brave and handsome insurgents. In fact, dozens of women worked as nurses, helping prisoners, hiding illegal documents, transporng weapons and helping to implement the orders of the Polish Underground State. They were fighng with weapons, as did Henryka Pustowójtówna, peasants, townswomen, as well as poorer noblewomen. They were fighng despite the prohibion of the Polish Naonal Government. Few commanders allowed them to parcipate in military operaons, but usually, their gender was revealed only at the balefields. Exercise 3 Choose two groups most affected by persecuon from the ones listed below. peasants middle class (Christian) nobility Christian clergy Exercise 4 Verify your knowledge of the consequences of the January uprising. Connect the matching parts of the sentences. a new wave of emigrants., has come to an end., socialists and anarchists., it was ruled by the General-Governor., the rights of veterans., nearly 4 thousand of property in the Kingdom and Lithuania., the Naonal Government., from all parons and from emigraon., the Vistula Country., of the peasants., collecve consciousness., their polical methods and goals. The parcipants of the fight were subject to a planned acon of destrucon: starng with mass execuons and deportaon to Siberia ending with confiscaon of In 1874, the Kingdom of Poland, divided into 10 Governorates, was incorporated into Russia, and Since 1888 it has been included in official documents as The Tsar's enfranchisement ukase of March 2, 1864 contained the same condions as the ones established a year earlier by Thus, the tsarist guarantees of village reform threw the arms out of the hands of the Polish government, and the Russian authories gained a gratude The January Uprising was the longest lasng Polish uprising and involved Poles The uprising of 1863 enjoyed the sympathy and support of many naons and democrac public opinion of Europe, including The experience gained during the January Uprising and the defeat of the Polish independence hopes were to affect the next generaons of Poles, shaping their The defeat of the uprising forced Poles to change The era of noble insurrecon The west of Europe was flooded with By decision of Józef Piłsudski, a special commission in December 1919 granted 3644 parcipants of the January Uprising Keywords January Uprising, fight for independence, insurgents Glossary Vistula Land Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka. Kraj Nadwiślański – nazwa Królestwa Polskiego, nadana mu po wcieleniu do Rosji wskutek represji po powstaniu styczniowym. The Whites Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka.
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