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Qr. 2. 2019 No. 9 ISSN 2543-9839 qr. 2. 2019 no. 9 THE WARSAW INSTITUTE REVIEW no. 9. 2019 www.warsawinstitute.review Across many critical areas - from defense and diplomacy, to energy and economics - the alliance between the United States and Poland is reaching extraordinary new heights in 2019. Our longstanding partnership demonstrates the enormous possibilities for the world when two strong and independent nations unite in common purpose and in common cause - Donald Trump, President of the United States of America Washington, June 13, 2019 There will be more American troops in Poland. This is going to be an enhanced cooperation. It's going to be an enduring presence, which hopefully will increase gradually in terms of the number of troops, but also in terms of infrastructure which is very important - Andrzej Duda, President of the Republic of Poland Editorial Dear Readers, he ninth issue of the quarterly opens with an article about the infrastructure project of strategic imperative for Poland – the construction of the Solidarity Transport Hub Central Airport. In the piece by the TSecretary of State and Government Plenipotentiary for the Central Communication Port, Minister Mikołaj Wild maintains that the project is a development impulse for Poland and Central Eastern Europe. The author emphasizes the construction of the port would enable an increase in passenger and cargo potential and would situate Poland on the leading passenger and freight routes, which has considerable importance for economic development and security of the region. In another part of the issue, the predicaments faced by the European Union are examined considering its internal challenges, such as a new composition of the European Parliament and European Commission, and external challenges – including the ongoing trade war between the United States and China. This prompts a broader analysis of the situation in the European Union and the external relations of the Community. Jan Rokita and Prof. Mirosław Lenart write about the situation in Italy and its foreign policy relations. In turn, Prof. Tomasz Grzegorz Grosse analyzes EU relations with world powers – namely the United States and the People's Republic of China. Furthermore, in the pages of the Visegrad reports, Grzegorz Kuczyński discusses the recent elections in Ukraine and their consequences for Europe and the region, while Dr. Piotr Bajda focuses on analyzing the foreign policy situations of Visegrad capitals. 2/2019 3 Editorial I would like to especially recommend the article by the leader of the American Polonia, Daniel Pogorzelski, who writes about The Chicago, the “Polish” city in the United States. The author Warsaw describes the city's history and Polish themes and symbols Institute related to its development and culture. He points to numerous Review connections that link Poland and the United States through Chicago. Moreover, he underlines that it is the Polish symbols © Copyright 2019 that give the city such a unique atmosphere, and Chicago itself The Warsaw Institute Review is a city intertwined with the history of Poland and the United Warsaw, Poland States. Editor-in-Chief I wish you all an enjoyable read, Izabela Wojtyczka [email protected] Izabela Wojtyczka Editorial Assistant Editor-in-Chief Berenika Grabowska [email protected] The Warsaw Institute Review Translations Aleksandra Tomaszewska Alexander Wielgos Proofreading Bartłomiej Bagniewski Łukasz Biernacki Cover and Layout Katarzyna Dinwebel Jacek Kotela DTP and Printing www.sindruk.pl Public purpose co-financed by the Co-financed by the Minister of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic Culture and National Heritage of Poland in the competition “Cooperation from the Promotion of Culture in the Field of Public Diplomacy 2019”. Fund. Publisher The Warsaw Institute Review Sp. z o.o. Świętokrzyska 18/410, 00-052 Warsaw, Poland Ministry of Foreign Aff airs www.warsawinstitute.review Republic of Poland [email protected] The opinions given and the positions Partners: Partner of Visegrad Report: held in the materials published in the Warsaw Institute Review solely reflect the views of the authors and cannot be equated with the official position of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland and Ministry of Culture and National www.warsawinstitute.org Heritage of the Republic of Poland. ISSN 2543-9839 www.warsaw.institute 4 The Warsaw Institute Review CONteNTS VI6SEGRAD REPORT UNITED51 STATES H85ISTORY Mikołaj Wild: Daniel Pogorzelski: Joanna Żelazko: Solidarity Transport Hub: Chicago: America’s Bridge The Katyn Massacre - the Way Poland’s Much Needed to Poland to the Truth and Economically Viable Infrastructure Investment VISEGRAD REPORT GEOPOLITICS Mikołaj Wild Robert Rajczyk Solidarity Transport Hub: Poland’s Taiwan - the Only Chinese Democracy Much Needed and Economically 69 6 Viable Infrastructure Investment EASTERN REPORT EUROPEAN UNION Mateusz Kubiak Jan Rokita 78 Armenia - Pashinyan’s First Year Polish–Italian Relations: A Conservative Dream of HISTORY a “Roman form” 13 Joanna Żelazko EUROPEAN UNION The Katyn Massacre - the Way to the Mirosław Lenart Truth Why Is It Worthwhile To Lose Golden 85 Horseshoes in Rome? 22 VISEGRAD REPORT EUROPEAN UNION Grzegorz Kuczyński Tomasz Grzegorz Grosse Apparent Revolution – Presidential The European Union in Relation 34 to World Powers 96 Elections in Ukraine EUROPEAN UNION VISEGRAD REPORT Krzysztof Rak 44 Franco-German Strategic Dissonance Piotr Bajda New Challenges in Central European UNITED STATES Daniel Pogorzelski 109 Foreign Policy 51 Chicago: America’s Bridge to Poland VISEGRAD REPORT GEOPOLITICS Juraj Krupa Witold Repetowicz A Middle Eastern Web: Allies, Visegrad Four Defense Cooperation: 58 Enemies, Conflicts 114 Years of Missed Opportunities 2/2019 5 Visegrad Report SOlidAritY TRANSPOrt HUB. POLAND’s MUch Needed AND ECONOmicAllY VIAble INFRAStrUctUre INVEStmeNT Mikołaj Wild Central Eastern Europe is a region that offers promise of tremendous growth in air traffic. Economic forecasts indicate a high profitability of a new airport to be located between Warsaw and Łódź. Thoughtfully governed states tend to invest into large scale airport infrastructure. It is high time for Poland to join their ranks. wo parallel runways, each Transport Hub Poland (STH), to be 4000 meters in length, will located 37 kilometers from Warsaw, will allow for serving 45 million be presented to airline executives from passengers per year, with and all around the world in July this year. Ttwo further runways to be constructed in later stages, along with taxiways, One cannot design a well-thought-out aprons, terminals: passengers, cargo, airport without first consulting those who general aviation, and a railway station will be its primary users – the airlines. integrated with the passenger terminal. As such, the Airport Consultative The initial concept of the Solidarity Committee (ACC) has been established 6 The Warsaw Institute Review Solidarity Transport Hub. Poland’s Much Needed... © Darek Delmanowicz (PAP) JASIONKA AIRPORT, APRIL 30, 2018. BOEING 787 DREAMLINER. by the International Air Transport a 15% year to year increase, and a fivefold Association (IATA), in cooperation increase compared to fifteen years ago (8.8 with STH. The consultative committee million in 2004). Projected figures for 2019 is composed of representatives of all the indicate a further increase of over 10% as airlines that are currently operating out of compared with 2018, which means that Chopin Airport, as well as those airlines Polish airports will serve over 50 million that are not currently associated with people this year. Chopin but are prospective stakeholders for Solidarity Transport Hub Poland. The goal of ACC is to develop and consult Polish airports served the concept behind STH in cooperation with the airlines, in order to better more than 46 million understand their needs, and if necessary, adjust the project to better cater to their passengers last year, a expectations. 15% year to year increase, Why IS SOLIDARITY AIRPORT NEEDED? and a fivefold increase Before all else, rationale for the investment compared to fifteen years is based upon a real and actual market demand. Polish airports served more than ago (8.8 million in 2004). 46 million passengers last year, 2/2019 7 Visegrad Report Grzegorz Michałowski (PAP) © Łódź, March 23, 2019. MultiModal building of the Łódź fabryczna railway STATION. But there is more. In Poland the mobility airport has no space to expand further, coefficient (number of air travels per which is due to both environmental and capita) is just above 1, while in Western infrastructural constraints, related to European countries amounts to anywhere continuous urban sprawl around the between 2 and 4. Therefore, there is a airport, and therefore noise reduction massive potential for improvement. requirements, as well as roads traversing Central and Eastern Europe experiences a in direct vicinity of the airport, all of consistent increase in air travel per capita which preclude construction of additional – which is a product of continuous efforts runways. aimed at closing the civilizational and economic gap resulting from the years of Polish national carrier, LOT Polish communism. Airlines, is also the main operator flying out of Chopin Airport with 70% of its Moreover, Chopin Airport – the largest flights arriving and departing from this airport in Poland – with its 40% share largest Polish airport. The Polish carrier of the total passenger
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