2/5/2016
Perennials and The art of teaching is the art of Annuals for the assisting discovery – Mark Van Doren Ohio Garden
Debra Knapke 2016 Master Gardener Class
Perennial Perennial a plant that would have come back Bulbs, Corms, Tubers, Rhizomes year after year….. a subset of herbaceous perennials had it survived.
Tender Perennial; Tender Shrub; Tender Tuber
Bulbs Corms
basal plate w/ basal plate w/ roots roots leaf scales solid structure tunic (dry papery leaves) tunic (netted or ringed) mother corm dies
Allium, Fritillaria, Colchicum, Crocus, Galanthus, Hyacinthus, Erythronium, Freesia, Lilium, Narcissus, Gladiolus Scilla, Tulipa
From: Bulbs for Garden Habitats –Judy Glattstein From: Bulbs for Garden Habitats –Judy Glattstein
1 2/5/2016
Tubers - Stem Tubers - Root
roots can initiate modified fleshy root anywhere Begonia, Dahlia, Ipomaea, produces more modified fleshy Ranunculus thickened roots stem produces buds, root tubers increase not new tubers in size tuber increases Ranunculus Dahlia in size
Anemone, Arisaema, Caladium, Cyclamen, Eranthis
trc.ucdavis.edu From: Bulbs for Garden Habitats –Judy Glattstein
Rhizomes
modified fleshy stem often at surface or just Biennial below lives for two seasons, rhizomes “branch” roots usually initiated first year is a non-blooming rosette; on lower surface second year it blooms and goes to seed
Canna, Convallaria, Hemerocallis, Iris (non-bulb types) Digitalis purpurea, Lychnis coronaria, Salvia argentea, Petroselinum crispum, Alliaria petiolata
Annuals and Tender Perennials Subshrub a plant with a woody base a plant that goes from seed to new growth is herbaceous seed in one season
a horticultural designation: a plant that is not Artemisia, Lavandula, Salvia, Thymus cold or heat hardy for our climate – but in botanical terms, this is a tender perennial, shrub or tree
2 2/5/2016
creating your plant list… creating your plant list… Aesthetics Science What are your favorite colors/combinations, and your Know your site: dry and wet areas, sun and shade, least favorite colors/combinations? compacted soil; soil test!! Consider: a plant may have a beautiful flower, but it Put sun plants in the sun and shade plants in the also needs to have good foliage shade When do you want the show? Cold and heat hardiness issues Are you stuck on the idea of perfection? Bottom Line: performs well in Ohio weather and soil, and can be tolerant of less than optimal conditions
where do plants live? creating your plant list…
woodland: upland, bottomland, vernal pools Practical Purpose of the garden? prairie/meadow: dry, wet, mesic Maintenance considerations: dividing, staking, aquatic: lakes, rivers fertilizing, pruning, weeding, watering…. wetland: swamps, marshes, bogs, fens, vernal pools Native vs. non-native issue? Invasive/non- edges: the boundary of two habitats invasive issue!! “plays well with others” Has other redeeming qualities beyond its beauty Appeals to you Budget
the cultivar conundrum
often the basis of plant selection biodiversity appropriate for habitat? appropriate for pollinators? Perennials find the balance
3 2/5/2016
Allium species and hybrids N. Hemisphere
Spring
March – April – May www.depts.ttu.edu
www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org
Convallaria majalis N. temp. regions
Allium christophii Allium caeruleum Allium schubertii
Allium cernuum (native) Allium karataviense Allium christophii
www.swsbm.com
C. majalis ‘Rosea’
Convallaria majalis ‘Albistriata’
4 2/5/2016
Crocus species and hybrids Mid & S. Eur.; N. Africa.; Mid Eur. & Central Asia
bunny damage
Crocus siberi ssp. sublimis ‘Tricolor’
Crocus tommasinianus ‘Ruby Giant’
Galanthus nivalis W. Eur. to Iranian Caucasus & Caspian Sea
5 2/5/2016
Iris reticulata N. temperate regions
I. r. ‘George’
Narcissus species and hybrids S. Eur. & Medit.; N. Africa; W. Asia. China & Japan
I. ‘Edward’
Division II: Large Cup - ‘Passionale’ Division III: Small Cup - ‘Loch Ness’ Division VIII: Tazetta - ‘Geranium’ Division IX: Poeticus - ‘Actaea’
Division VII: Jonquilla – ‘Pipit’ Division V: Triandrus - ‘Thalia’ Division XI: Split-Corona ‘Evolution’ miniatures: ‘Little Beauty’ - (Div. I: trumpet)
6 2/5/2016
Tulipa Tulipa tarda species and hybrids N. temp. Old World; esp. Central Asia
Tulipa turkestanica
Originally from: Hortus Eystettensis (1613) pictured in The Tulip by Anna Pavord
Tulipa Parrot cultivar
Tulipa kaufmaniana cultivar
Tulipa ‘Monte Carlo’ double
www.rittenhouse.ca Tulipa ‘Dordogne’ single, late T. gregii cultivar
Astilbe chinensis E. Asia; N. Amer.
7 2/5/2016
Brunnera macrophylla E. Eur. to W. Siberia
Astilbe simplicifolia
Baptisia australis USA
Campanula persicifolia Temp. N. Hemisphere
Dianthus gratianopolitanus Eurasia; African mtns.; I sp. in arctic N. Amer.
8 2/5/2016
D. g. ‘Feuerhexe’ (Firewitch) Geranium sanguineum cosmopolitan in temperate regions D. g. ‘Tiny Rubies’
Iris sibirica ‘Caesar’s Brother’ N. temp. zones
Geranium sanguineum, G. macrorrhizum G. xmagnificum
Iris pallida ‘Variegata’ ?? Iris hybrids ‘Immortality’ (remondant)
Summer June – July – August
9 2/5/2016
C. xgeneralis ‘Bengal Tiger’ (invalid syn. ‘Praetoria’)
Canna xgeneralis ‘Pacific Beauty’
Canna xgeneralis New World tropics and sub tropics; widely naturalized
Asclepias tuberosa A. incarnata A. syriaca Americas; S. Afr.; nat. in Eur.
Calamagrostis xacutiflorus Temp. N. Hemisphere
C. xa.‘Overdam’
Coreopsis verticillata N. & S. Amer. esp. Mex. & S. US
‘Moonbeam’ ‘Zagreb’
10 2/5/2016
Echinacea purpurea E. US
hardiness? nectar source?
‘White Swan’ Echinacea paradoxa TX, OK, AR, MO
Lavandula angustifolia Atlantic Is., Medit. Hemerocallis species and hybrids N. Afr.; W. Asia, Arabia & India E. Asia; Japan & China
Leucanthemum xsuperbum garden origin: L. lacustre & L. maximum L. Burbank, 1901 Genus: Eur.; N. Asia
Lavandula xintermedia
11 2/5/2016
Liatris spicata E. N. America
Liatris ligulistylis
Nepeta xfaassenii garden origin: N. racemosa & N. nepetella genus: Eurasia, N. Afr. & mtns. of Trop. Afr.
Perovskia atriplicifolia Asia Minor, Iran, C. Asia; Himalayans
Rudbeckia laciniata ‘Herbstsonne’
Rudbeckia fulgida ‘Goldsturm’ Rudbeckia subtomentosa
Genus: N. Amer.; widespread as garden escapee
12 2/5/2016
Salvia xsylvestris, S. nemorosa Genus: Cosmopolitan ~900 spp. (S. nemorosa x S. pratensis) ‘Mainacht’ May Night
Colchicum speciosum E. Eur.; N. Afr. to W. Asia to Afghan. to N. India & W. China
Autumn September – October – November
Colchicaceae (Liliaceae)
Iridaceae
www.kfunigraz.ac.at
13 2/5/2016
Aster laevis Aster (Symphiotrichum) N. & S. Amer. Eurasia, Afr., Asia ~250 spp. Anemone xhybrida (New World spp.:Symphiotrichum, garden origin: A. vitifolia x A. hupehensis var. japonica Eurybia, Ionactis, etc.) Genus: N. & S. temperate regions Aster chart
Aster novae-angliae (Symphiotrichum) ‘Alma Potschke’
Aster novae-angliae (Symphiotrichum) ‘Purple Dome’
Miscanthus sinensis OW Tropics; S. Afr., E. Asia
Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Himalayas, C. China, SE Asia, NE Trop. Afr.
14 2/5/2016
Schizachyrium scoparium E. N. Amer.
‘Autumn Joy’ Sedum species and hybrids ~300 spp. ‘Autumn Joy’ N. temp. &Trop. Mtn. regions
‘Matrona’
‘Neon’
Helleborus xhybridus Eur. esp. It.& Balkans; Turkey to Caucasian Russia; W. China
Season Spanners
15 2/5/2016
www.rbg.vic.gov.au
H. ‘Silver Scrolls’
Heuchera hybrids N. Amer. Helleborus foetidus
Helleborus niger H. ‘Frosted Violet’
H. ‘Caramel’
H. ‘Palace Purple’
H. ‘Citronelle’
H. ‘Autumn Bride’ Heuchera villosa hybrids
http://plants.usda.gov/
16 2/5/2016
H. ‘Sum and Substance’
Hosta species and hybrids Japan, Korea, China
H. nigrescens
H. ‘Love Pat’
H. ‘Sagae’
Pictures from the HostaLibrary Hosta Virus X (HVX)
Hosta virus X in Foliar nematodes H. ‘Blue Cadet’ “inkbleed”
Hosta virus X in H. ‘Gold Edger’ Hosta virus X in H. ‘Sum and Substance’ www.extension.umn.edu
http://www.mobot.org/ http://www.hostalibrary.org/firstlook/HVX.htm
17 2/5/2016
Salvia officinalis species: Medit. & N. Afr.; Genus: Cosmopolitan
S. o. ‘Berggarten’
Thymus species and hybrids Eurasia ~350 spp.
Thymus praecox S. o. ‘Icterina’ (not Aurea) and S. o. ‘Purpurescens’
18 2/5/2016
Uses: Annuals and filling in spaces in the mixed border linking the seasonal show massing for effect: carpet bedding schemes Tender container plantings Perennials
Angelonia angustifolia C. & S. Amer.
Angelface Blue Bicolor General culture – for the way we want them to perform in one season high % organic matter in the soil; sidedress/topdress with compost when planting, loosen the roots of rootbound plants foliar feed with balanced fertilizer during the season for optimal bloom deadhead to prolong bloom
Angelface Angelface White Blue
www.ranger146.com
www.ext.vt.edu
19 2/5/2016
Begonia almost pantropic. espec. C. & S. Amer Garden Origin
B. Semperflorens-Cultorum hybrids wax begonia; bedding begonia
Begonia Bada Boom White
Begonia Tuberhybrida hybrids
Begonia Bada Boom Red
Brugmansia S. Amer.
B. species and hybrids angel wing begonias
20 2/5/2016
Datura metel N. & S. Amer.
Datura ‘Flore Pleno’
Calendula officinalis Medit. & Macaronesia (several groups of volcanic islands in the N. Atlantic near Eur. and N. Afr. )
Calibrachoa Calibrachoa S. Amer. primarily Brazil Callie Orange
utgardens.tennessee.edu
21 2/5/2016
Calibrachoa Calibrachoa Callie Purple Superbells Coralberry Punch Proven Winners Introductions
Calibrachoa Calibrachoa www.hort.cornell.edu Superbells Tangerine Punch Superbells Apricot Punch
www.raretrees.org
Calibrachoa Callie Rose
Cleome hasslerana Pantrop. & sub.trop. & S. Amer.
Cleome hasslerana ‘Cherry Queen’
Consolida ajacis (syn. ambigua) W. Medit. to C. Asia
Cleome hasslerana ‘Rose Queen’ Celosia ‘Forest Fire Improved’
22 2/5/2016
Impatiens Tanzania to Mozambique / New Guinea & Solomon Is.
Impatiens walleriana Accent ‘Coral’ http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/rk_larkspur.htm www.prairiestarflowers.com
Impatiens walleriana ‘Fiesta Sparkler’ Impatiens hawkeri
Impatiens ‘Sea Shell Apricot’
23 2/5/2016
Ipomoea Mex. & S. Amer / Pantropic
Ipomoea tricolor ‘Heavenly Blue’
Ipomoea batatas ‘Marguerite’ ‘Blackie’ ‘Tricolor’
Ipomoea ‘Ace of Spades’ Angelonia Angelface Blue Bicolor
Lobelia maritima S. Europe
24 2/5/2016
Nigella damascena S. Eur. & N. Africa
Pelargonium S. Africa (scattered trop. Afr. & Aus.)
Pelargonium xhortorum ‘Cherokee’ zonal leaf type
Pelargonium zonal leaf type
Pelargonium ‘Meritropical’ ivy-leaf type
25 2/5/2016
Pelargonium tomentosum ‘Peppermint’ scented leaf type
Pelargonium ‘Lady Plymouth’ scented leaf type
Petunia hybrids S. Amer. primarily Brazil
Petunia ‘Merlin Blue Morn’
Petunia ‘Purple Wave’ Wave petunias is this purple?
Salvia Cosmopolitan Salvia farinacea ‘Victoria’ mealycup sage
26 2/5/2016
Salvia elegans pineapple sage
Salvia leucantha Mexican bush sage
Salvia coccinea
Salvia coccinea ‘Snow Nymph’
Salvia guaranitica ‘Black and Blue’ hummingbird sage
Solenostemon (Plectranthus?? syn. Coleus) Malaysia & SE Asia
Salvia splendens scarlet sage
27 2/5/2016
Selenostemon ‘Saturn’
Tropaeolum Alaska Hybrids Tropaeolum majus (probably a hybrid with T. minus) Columbia to Bolivia
Viola Temp. ~500 spp.
28 2/5/2016
Viola xwittrockiana pansy, heart’s ease
Verbena N. Amer. / S. Amer.
Verbena Superbena Burgundy
www.hort.cornell.edu
Zinnia Mexico / SE US & Mexico Zinnia elegans Verbena bonariensis bedding zinnia S. Amer.
29 2/5/2016
Zinnia angustifolia (Z. haageana ?) Zinnia elegans ‘Envy’ narrow-leaf zinnia, Profusion Series bedding zinnia
To analyze the charms of flowers is like dissecting music; it is one of those things which is far better to enjoy, than to attempt to fully understand. - Henry Theodore Tuckerman (1813-71) American writer
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