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Redalyc.Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Studies on Ziziphora Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research E-ISSN: 0719-4250 [email protected] Asociación de Académicos de Ciencias Farmacéuticas de Antofagasta Chile Zhu, Yun; Xiong, Yuan; Wang, Hehua; Li, Peng Pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies on Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. – A Kazakh and Uygur ethnomedicinal plant Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research, vol. 5, núm. 6, noviembre-diciembre, 2017, pp. 354-364 Asociación de Académicos de Ciencias Farmacéuticas de Antofagasta Antofagasta, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=496053946004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative © 2017 Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research, 5 (6), 354-364, 2017 ISSN 0719-4250 http://jppres.com/jppres Original Article | Artículo Original Pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies on Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. – A Kazakh and Uygur ethnomedicinal plant [Estudios farmacognósticos y fitoquímicos sobre Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. - Una planta etnomedicinal kazaja y uygur] Yun Zhu1, Yuan Xiong1, Hehua Wang2, Peng Li1* 1School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Shihezi Xinjiang 832002, PR China. 2Hebi City People's Hospital Infection Management Section, Hebi Henan 458030, PR China. *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Resumen Context: Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. (Lamiaceae) is an annual or Contexto: Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. (Lamiaceae) es una hierba anual perennial herb or subshrub widely distributed from the Mediterranean to o perenne o arbusto ampliamente distribuida desde el Mediterráneo a central Asia and Afghanistan. In Xinjiang, China, the whole herb has been Asia central y Afganistán. En Xinjiang, China, la hierba entera se ha used in traditional Kazakh and Uygur medicines as anti-febrile and utilizado en las medicinas tradicionales de Kazajistán y Uygur como droga detoxicating drug. anti-febril y desintoxicante. Aims: To characterize macroscopical, microscopically of the overground Objetivos: Caracterizar macroscópicamente y microscópicamente la parte part of the Z. clinopodioides, explore and establish the macro- aérea de Z. clinopodioides, explorar y establecer la macro-morfología, la morphology, micro-morphology, quality and physicochemical parameters micro-morfología, la calidad y los parámetros físico-químicos estándares standards for this plant. para esta planta. Methods: Pharmacognostical and phytochemical investigations were Métodos: Las investigaciones farmacognósticas y fitoquímicas se conducted in terms of macroscopic, microscopic and preliminary realizaron en términos de parámetros macroscópicos, microscópicos y phytochemical parameters. fitoquímicos preliminares. Results: The vegetable material can be identified by structural features of Resultados: El material vegetal pudo ser identificado por las características the flowers, structural characteristics of the stem, specific pale brown estructurales de las flores, las características estructurales del tallo, hesperidin can be regarded as identification character. This crude drug específico color marrón pálido hesperidina puede ser considerado como showed the characteristic physicochemical values like total ash (7%), carácter de identificación. Esta droga cruda bruto mostró los valores insoluble ash (1.3%), water soluble ash (3.7%), moisture (7.5%). The fisicoquímicos característicos como cenizas totales (7%), cenizas ethanolic extract contained flavonoids, organic acids, alkaloids, and insolubles (1,3%), cenizas solubles en agua (3,7%) y humedad (7,5%). El glycosides. extracto etanólico contenía flavonoides, ácidos orgánicos, alcaloides y Conclusions: Various pharmacognostical characters that observed in this glucósidos. study can be an effective supplement to further research of this Conclusiones: Varios caracteres farmacognósticos que se observaron en ethnomedicinal plant. Meanwhile, the results of this paper deal with este estudio pueden ser un suplemento efectivo para investigaciones pharmacognostical studies on the Ziziphora clinopodioides in an attempt posteriores de esta planta etnomedicinal. Mientras tanto, los resultados to mitigate the adulteration to the crude drug. de este trabajo se refieren a estudios farmacognósticos sobre la Ziziphora clinopodioides en un intento por mitigar la adulteración de la droga cruda. Keywords: micromorphology; morphology; pharmacognostical Palabras Clave: identificación farmacognóstica; micromorfología; identification; Ziziphora clinopodioides. morfología; Ziziphora clinopodioides. ARTICLE INFO Received | Recibido: January 20, 2017. Received in revised form | Recibido en forma corregida: May 27, 2017. Accepted | Aceptado: July 30, 2017. Available Online | Publicado en Línea: September 8, 2017. Declaration of interests | Declaración de Intereses: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Funding | Financiación: This work was supported by the Scientific Research Funds for High Calibre Researchers of Shehezi University (Project No. RCZX201440). This work is sponsored by the 12th Five-year Grand support of Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (2012BAI30B02). Academic Editor | Editor Académico: Gabino Garrido. _____________________________________ Zhu et al. Pharmacognostical studies on Ziziphora clinopodioides INTRODUCTION can prevent atrial fibrillation, and wouldn’t trigger a fatal ventricular fibrillation. Thus, it is the most de- Ziziphora, which is a genus of annual or perenni- velopment potential of cardiovascular drugs. The al herb, less sub-shrub of family Lamiaceae, and result showed that medicinal effect of anti- including 25-30 species in the world, mainly dis- myocardial ischemia might be associated with fla- tributed in the Mediterranean to central Asia and vonoids (Yang and Gu, 2011). Afghanistan. Ziziphora are widely used as carmina- There is a rich supply of data of the phytochemi- tive, stomach tonic, expectorant and antiseptic in cal components and pharmacological actions, like different areas in Iran (Shahla, 2012). In China, there volatile oil and organic acids (Zhou et al., 2011), while a are three species of Ziziphora distributed in gravel small number of data of standards for identification slope and semi-desert grass lands, such as Tianshan and authentication about Z. clinopodioides. Hence, and Altai mountains, mountains of West Junggar, this research focused on properties, microscopic Pamir and Kunlun mountains in Xinjiang (Haiyan, characteristics, physical and chemical identification 2016). The plant has been used traditionally as a nat- of Z. clinopodioides (above ground), aimed to set its ural drug for the treatment of colds and cough (Sha- pharmacognosy quality standards and establish the ropov, 2011). The whole herb can relieve fever and in- foundation of the new further application of Z. flammation, keep the heart pumping and eliminate clinopodioides to provide a theoretical basis. dampness, so widely used in cold fever, palpitations insomnia, hypertension, acute conjunctivitis, and MATERIAL AND METHODS hemorrhoids, which recorded in Hasake Yao Zhi of Xinjiang. (Wilhan and Xin, 2009). It was also The methodology was carried out according to documented in Chinese Pharmacopoeia Uygur (Zhu et al., 2015; Marandi, 2016; Pramanick, 2016). Pharmacopoeia Fascicule, and the Chinese Materia Medica also can cure swell and pain of eyes, swollen Plant materials and reagents ulcers (SATCM, 1999). Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. medicinal materi- Chemical research showed that the main als collected from Xinjiang Manas forest farm. The chemical components of Ziziphora clinopodioides coordinates of gathered ten batches of the sample Lam are volatile oil (pulegone, limonene, menthol, from different elevations and harvested at different pinene, menthone, and menthenone) (SATCM, 1999), time were located at North 43°50′550′′ - 43°54′474′′ vitamin, organic acids (caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid) and East 86°03′279′′ - 86°11′118′′. The plant material (Zhou et al., 2011), flavonoids (acacetin, apigenin, was authenticated by Professor Pin Yan (College of chrysoeriol, kaempferol, hyperoside, quercetin) Life Science, Shihezi University). Voucher (Yang and Gu, 2011), alkaloids, glycosides (Shahla, 2012; specimens (No. 2016062602-03) were preserved in Anzabi, 2016) and so on. Many documents have been School of Pharmacy of Shihezi University. The conducted on the antibacterial and antifungal activ- harvested plants were dried in shadow at room ities of the plants. The volatile oil has broad anti- temperature, grounded into powder and stored in bacterial activity and antioxidant effect (SATCM, airtight containers. All reagents used were an 1999). For example, the research in Iran showed in analytical grade, such as petroleum ether (60-90℃), vitro antibacterial activity of essential oil of Z. ethyl acetate, chloroform, ferric chloride, methanol, clinopodioides against some pathogenic bacteria. and ethanol. This activity could be associated to the pulegone (Shahla, 2012). In Turkey, the infusions of Ziziphora Macroscopic and organoleptic studies species, Z. clinopodioides, have been used as an The macroscopic study of a medicinal plant is antiseptic, carminative and sedative agent to treat helpful in rapid identification of plant material and
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