2/5/2016 Perennials and The art of teaching is the art of Annuals for the assisting discovery – Mark Van Doren Ohio Garden Debra Knapke 2016 Master Gardener Class Perennial Perennial a plant that would have come back Bulbs, Corms, Tubers, Rhizomes year after year….. a subset of herbaceous perennials had it survived. Tender Perennial; Tender Shrub; Tender Tuber Bulbs Corms basal plate w/ basal plate w/ roots roots leaf scales solid structure tunic (dry papery leaves) tunic (netted or ringed) mother corm dies Allium, Fritillaria, Colchicum, Crocus, Galanthus, Hyacinthus, Erythronium, Freesia, Lilium, Narcissus, Gladiolus Scilla, Tulipa From: Bulbs for Garden Habitats –Judy Glattstein From: Bulbs for Garden Habitats –Judy Glattstein 1 2/5/2016 Tubers - Stem Tubers - Root roots can initiate modified fleshy root anywhere Begonia, Dahlia, Ipomaea, produces more modified fleshy Ranunculus thickened roots stem produces buds, root tubers increase not new tubers in size tuber increases Ranunculus Dahlia in size Anemone, Arisaema, Caladium, Cyclamen, Eranthis trc.ucdavis.edu From: Bulbs for Garden Habitats –Judy Glattstein Rhizomes modified fleshy stem often at surface or just Biennial below lives for two seasons, rhizomes “branch” roots usually initiated first year is a non-blooming rosette; on lower surface second year it blooms and goes to seed Canna, Convallaria, Hemerocallis, Iris (non-bulb types) Digitalis purpurea, Lychnis coronaria, Salvia argentea, Petroselinum crispum, Alliaria petiolata Annuals and Tender Perennials Subshrub a plant with a woody base a plant that goes from seed to new growth is herbaceous seed in one season a horticultural designation: a plant that is not Artemisia, Lavandula, Salvia, Thymus cold or heat hardy for our climate – but in botanical terms, this is a tender perennial, shrub or tree 2 2/5/2016 creating your plant list… creating your plant list… Aesthetics Science What are your favorite colors/combinations, and your Know your site: dry and wet areas, sun and shade, least favorite colors/combinations? compacted soil; soil test!! Consider: a plant may have a beautiful flower, but it Put sun plants in the sun and shade plants in the also needs to have good foliage shade When do you want the show? Cold and heat hardiness issues Are you stuck on the idea of perfection? Bottom Line: performs well in Ohio weather and soil, and can be tolerant of less than optimal conditions where do plants live? creating your plant list… woodland: upland, bottomland, vernal pools Practical Purpose of the garden? prairie/meadow: dry, wet, mesic Maintenance considerations: dividing, staking, aquatic: lakes, rivers fertilizing, pruning, weeding, watering…. wetland: swamps, marshes, bogs, fens, vernal pools Native vs. non-native issue? Invasive/non- edges: the boundary of two habitats invasive issue!! “plays well with others” Has other redeeming qualities beyond its beauty Appeals to you Budget the cultivar conundrum often the basis of plant selection biodiversity appropriate for habitat? appropriate for pollinators? Perennials find the balance 3 2/5/2016 Allium species and hybrids N. Hemisphere Spring March – April – May www.depts.ttu.edu www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org Convallaria majalis N. temp. regions Allium christophii Allium caeruleum Allium schubertii Allium cernuum (native) Allium karataviense Allium christophii www.swsbm.com C. majalis ‘Rosea’ Convallaria majalis ‘Albistriata’ 4 2/5/2016 Crocus species and hybrids Mid & S. Eur.; N. Africa.; Mid Eur. & Central Asia bunny damage Crocus siberi ssp. sublimis ‘Tricolor’ Crocus tommasinianus ‘Ruby Giant’ Galanthus nivalis W. Eur. to Iranian Caucasus & Caspian Sea 5 2/5/2016 Iris reticulata N. temperate regions I. r. ‘George’ Narcissus species and hybrids S. Eur. & Medit.; N. Africa; W. Asia. China & Japan I. ‘Edward’ Division II: Large Cup - ‘Passionale’ Division III: Small Cup - ‘Loch Ness’ Division VIII: Tazetta - ‘Geranium’ Division IX: Poeticus - ‘Actaea’ Division VII: Jonquilla – ‘Pipit’ Division V: Triandrus - ‘Thalia’ Division XI: Split-Corona ‘Evolution’ miniatures: ‘Little Beauty’ - (Div. I: trumpet) 6 2/5/2016 Tulipa Tulipa tarda species and hybrids N. temp. Old World; esp. Central Asia Tulipa turkestanica Originally from: Hortus Eystettensis (1613) pictured in The Tulip by Anna Pavord Tulipa Parrot cultivar Tulipa kaufmaniana cultivar Tulipa ‘Monte Carlo’ double www.rittenhouse.ca Tulipa ‘Dordogne’ single, late T. gregii cultivar Astilbe chinensis E. Asia; N. Amer. 7 2/5/2016 Brunnera macrophylla E. Eur. to W. Siberia Astilbe simplicifolia Baptisia australis USA Campanula persicifolia Temp. N. Hemisphere Dianthus gratianopolitanus Eurasia; African mtns.; I sp. in arctic N. Amer. 8 2/5/2016 D. g. ‘Feuerhexe’ (Firewitch) Geranium sanguineum cosmopolitan in temperate regions D. g. ‘Tiny Rubies’ Iris sibirica ‘Caesar’s Brother’ N. temp. zones Geranium sanguineum, G. macrorrhizum G. xmagnificum Iris pallida ‘Variegata’ ?? Iris hybrids ‘Immortality’ (remondant) Summer June – July – August 9 2/5/2016 C. xgeneralis ‘Bengal Tiger’ (invalid syn. ‘Praetoria’) Canna xgeneralis ‘Pacific Beauty’ Canna xgeneralis New World tropics and sub tropics; widely naturalized Asclepias tuberosa A. incarnata A. syriaca Americas; S. Afr.; nat. in Eur. Calamagrostis xacutiflorus Temp. N. Hemisphere C. xa.‘Overdam’ Coreopsis verticillata N. & S. Amer. esp. Mex. & S. US ‘Moonbeam’ ‘Zagreb’ 10 2/5/2016 Echinacea purpurea E. US hardiness? nectar source? ‘White Swan’ Echinacea paradoxa TX, OK, AR, MO Lavandula angustifolia Atlantic Is., Medit. Hemerocallis species and hybrids N. Afr.; W. Asia, Arabia & India E. Asia; Japan & China Leucanthemum xsuperbum garden origin: L. lacustre & L. maximum L. Burbank, 1901 Genus: Eur.; N. Asia Lavandula xintermedia 11 2/5/2016 Liatris spicata E. N. America Liatris ligulistylis Nepeta xfaassenii garden origin: N. racemosa & N. nepetella genus: Eurasia, N. Afr. & mtns. of Trop. Afr. Perovskia atriplicifolia Asia Minor, Iran, C. Asia; Himalayans Rudbeckia laciniata ‘Herbstsonne’ Rudbeckia fulgida ‘Goldsturm’ Rudbeckia subtomentosa Genus: N. Amer.; widespread as garden escapee 12 2/5/2016 Salvia xsylvestris, S. nemorosa Genus: Cosmopolitan ~900 spp. (S. nemorosa x S. pratensis) ‘Mainacht’ May Night Colchicum speciosum E. Eur.; N. Afr. to W. Asia to Afghan. to N. India & W. China Autumn September – October – November Colchicaceae (Liliaceae) Iridaceae www.kfunigraz.ac.at 13 2/5/2016 Aster laevis Aster (Symphiotrichum) N. & S. Amer. Eurasia, Afr., Asia ~250 spp. Anemone xhybrida (New World spp.:Symphiotrichum, garden origin: A. vitifolia x A. hupehensis var. japonica Eurybia, Ionactis, etc.) Genus: N. & S. temperate regions Aster chart Aster novae-angliae (Symphiotrichum) ‘Alma Potschke’ Aster novae-angliae (Symphiotrichum) ‘Purple Dome’ Miscanthus sinensis OW Tropics; S. Afr., E. Asia Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Himalayas, C. China, SE Asia, NE Trop. Afr. 14 2/5/2016 Schizachyrium scoparium E. N. Amer. ‘Autumn Joy’ Sedum species and hybrids ~300 spp. ‘Autumn Joy’ N. temp. &Trop. Mtn. regions ‘Matrona’ ‘Neon’ Helleborus xhybridus Eur. esp. It.& Balkans; Turkey to Caucasian Russia; W. China Season Spanners 15 2/5/2016 www.rbg.vic.gov.au H. ‘Silver Scrolls’ Heuchera hybrids N. Amer. Helleborus foetidus Helleborus niger H. ‘Frosted Violet’ H. ‘Caramel’ H. ‘Palace Purple’ H. ‘Citronelle’ H. ‘Autumn Bride’ Heuchera villosa hybrids http://plants.usda.gov/ 16 2/5/2016 H. ‘Sum and Substance’ Hosta species and hybrids Japan, Korea, China H. nigrescens H. ‘Love Pat’ H. ‘Sagae’ Pictures from the HostaLibrary Hosta Virus X (HVX) Hosta virus X in Foliar nematodes H. ‘Blue Cadet’ “inkbleed” Hosta virus X in H. ‘Gold Edger’ Hosta virus X in H. ‘Sum and Substance’ www.extension.umn.edu http://www.mobot.org/ http://www.hostalibrary.org/firstlook/HVX.htm 17 2/5/2016 Salvia officinalis species: Medit. & N. Afr.; Genus: Cosmopolitan S. o. ‘Berggarten’ Thymus species and hybrids Eurasia ~350 spp. Thymus praecox S. o. ‘Icterina’ (not Aurea) and S. o. ‘Purpurescens’ 18 2/5/2016 Uses: Annuals and filling in spaces in the mixed border linking the seasonal show massing for effect: carpet bedding schemes Tender container plantings Perennials Angelonia angustifolia C. & S. Amer. Angelface Blue Bicolor General culture – for the way we want them to perform in one season high % organic matter in the soil; sidedress/topdress with compost when planting, loosen the roots of rootbound plants foliar feed with balanced fertilizer during the season for optimal bloom deadhead to prolong bloom Angelface Angelface White Blue www.ranger146.com www.ext.vt.edu 19 2/5/2016 Begonia almost pantropic. espec. C. & S. Amer Garden Origin B. Semperflorens-Cultorum hybrids wax begonia; bedding begonia Begonia Bada Boom White Begonia Tuberhybrida hybrids Begonia Bada Boom Red Brugmansia S. Amer. B. species and hybrids angel wing begonias 20 2/5/2016 Datura metel N. & S. Amer. Datura ‘Flore Pleno’ Calendula officinalis Medit. & Macaronesia (several groups of volcanic islands in the N. Atlantic near Eur. and N. Afr. ) Calibrachoa Calibrachoa S. Amer. primarily Brazil Callie Orange utgardens.tennessee.edu 21 2/5/2016 Calibrachoa Calibrachoa Callie Purple Superbells Coralberry Punch Proven Winners Introductions Calibrachoa Calibrachoa www.hort.cornell.edu Superbells Tangerine Punch Superbells Apricot Punch www.raretrees.org Calibrachoa Callie Rose Cleome hasslerana Pantrop. & sub.trop. & S. Amer. Cleome hasslerana ‘Cherry Queen’ Consolida ajacis (syn. ambigua) W. Medit. to C. Asia Cleome hasslerana