World Heritage in Africa

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

World Heritage in Africa Prepared and edited by UNESCO-ICOMOS Documentation Centre. Updated by Carole Mongrenier and Francesca Giliberto. Préparé et édité par le Centre de Documentation UNESCO-ICOMOS. Actualisé par Carole Mongrenier et Francesca Giliberto. © UNESCO-ICOMOS Documentation Centre, August 2011. ICOMOS - International Council on Monuments and sites / Conseil International des Monuments et des Sites 49-51 rue de la Fédération 75015 Paris FRANCE http://www.international.icomos.org UNESCO-ICOMOS Documentation Centre / Centre de Documentation UNESCO-ICOMOS : http://www.international.icomos.org/centre_documentation/index.html Cover photographs: Photos de couverture : Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls, Zambia-Zimbawe: © OUR PLACE The World Heritage Collection / OUR PLACE The World Heritage Collection | Rights Usage Terms: WH Web use only | Image Source: OUR PLACE The World Heritage Collection; Timbuktu, Mali: © Unesco; Virunga National Park, Congo: © Kim S. Gjerstad / Kim S. Gjerstad Content / Sommaire Algeria / Algerie ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 1980 – Al Qal’a of Beni Hammad / La Kalâa des Béni Hammad ................................................................................... 3 1982 – Tassili N’Ajjer ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 1982 – M’Zab Valley / Vallée du M’Zab ......................................................................................................................... 5 1982 – Djémila .............................................................................................................................................................. 6 1982 – Tipasa ............................................................................................................................................................... 7 1982 – Timgad .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 1992 – Kasbah of Algiers / Casbah d’Alger ................................................................................................................... 8 Benin .............................................................................................................................................................................. 12 1985-2007 – Royal Palaces of Abomey / Palais Royales d’Abomey ........................................................................... 12 Botswana ....................................................................................................................................................................... 13 2001 – Tsodilo ............................................................................................................................................................. 13 Burkina Faso .................................................................................................................................................................. 14 2009 – The Ruins of Loropéni / Ruines de Loropéni .................................................................................................... 14 Cameroon....................................................................................................................................................................... 14 1987 – Dja Faunal Reserve / Réserve de faune du Dja ............................................................................................... 14 Cape Verde / Cap-Vert ................................................................................................................................................... 15 2009 – Cidade Velha, Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande / Cidade Velha, centre historique de Ribeira Grande .......... 15 Central African Republic / Republique Centrafricaine ................................................................................................ 16 1988 – Manovo-Gounda St. Floris National Park / Parc National du Manovo-Gounda St. Floris ................................. 16 Cote D’ivoire .................................................................................................................................................................. 17 1982 – Taï National Park / Parc National de Taï ......................................................................................................... 17 1983 – Comoé National Park / Parc National de la Comoé ......................................................................................... 17 Cote D’ivoire And Guinea ............................................................................................................................................. 18 1981 – 1982 (extension) – Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve / Réserva naturelle intégrale du mont Nimba............ 18 Democratic Republic Of The Congo / Rep. Dem. Du Congo ...................................................................................... 18 1979 – Virunga National Park / Parc National des Virunga.......................................................................................... 18 1980 – Garamba National Park / Parc national de la Garamba ................................................................................... 19 1980 – Kahuzi-Biega National Park / Parc national de Kahuzi-Biega .......................................................................... 20 1984 – Salonga National Park / Parc national de la Salonga ....................................................................................... 21 1996 – Okapi Wildlife Reserve / Réserva de faune à Okapis ...................................................................................... 22 Egypt / Egypte ............................................................................................................................................................... 22 1979 – Memphis and its Necropolis – The Pyramid fields from Giza to Dahshur / Memphis et sa nécropole – les zones des pyramides de Guizeh à Dahchour ........................................................................................................................ 22 1979 – Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis / Thèbes antique et sa nécropole ............................................................. 24 1979 – Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae / Monuments de Nubie d’Abou Simbel à Philae ..................... 25 1979 – Islamic Cairo / Le Caire Islamique ................................................................................................................... 28 1979 – Abu Mena / Abou Mena ................................................................................................................................... 35 2002 – Saint Catherine Area / Zone Sainte-Catherine ................................................................................................. 37 2005 - Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley) / Wadi Al-Hitan (La vallée des Baleines) ............................................................ 37 Ethiopia / Ethiopie ......................................................................................................................................................... 38 1978 – Simien National Park / Parc national du Simen ............................................................................................... 38 1978 – Rock-Hewn churches, Lalibela / Eglises creusées dans le roc de Lalibela ...................................................... 39 1979 – Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region .......................................................................................................................... 41 1980 – Lower Valley of the Awash /Basse Vallée de l’Aouache .................................................................................. 42 1980 – Tiya ................................................................................................................................................................. 43 1980 – Aksum / Axoum ............................................................................................................................................... 44 1980 – Lower Valley of the Omo / Basse vallée de l’Omo ........................................................................................... 47 2006 - Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic TownCriteria / Harar Jugol, la ville historique fortifiée .................................. 47 2011 – Konso Cultural Landscape / Paysage culturel du pays konso .......................................................................... 49 Gabon ............................................................................................................................................................................. 49 2007 – Ecosystem and Relict Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda ............................................................................ 49 Gambia / Gambie ........................................................................................................................................................... 53 2003 - James Island and related sites / Ile James et sites associés ............................................................................ 53 2006 - Stone Circles of Senegambia / Cercles méegalithiques de Sénégambie ......................................................... 53 Ghana ............................................................................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
    Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg.
    [Show full text]
  • “Dangerous Vagabonds”: Resistance to Slave
    “DANGEROUS VAGABONDS”: RESISTANCE TO SLAVE EMANCIPATION AND THE COLONY OF SENEGAL by Robin Aspasia Hardy A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana April 2016 ©COPYRIGHT by Robin Aspasia Hardy 2016 All Rights Reserved ii DEDICATION PAGE For my dear parents. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 Historiography and Methodology .............................................................................. 4 Sources ..................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter Overview .................................................................................................... 20 2. SENEGAL ON THE FRINGE OF EMPIRE.......................................................... 23 Senegal, Early French Presence, and Slavery ......................................................... 24 The Role of Slavery in the French Conquest of Senegal’s Interior ......................... 39 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 51 3. RACE, RESISTANCE, AND PUISSANCE ........................................................... 54 Sex, Trade and Race in Senegal ............................................................................... 55 Slave Emancipation and the Perpetuation of a Mixed-Race
    [Show full text]
  • Télécharger La Carte Détaillée Du Territoire
    e r è z o L (zone inscrite) t l u a r é H Chiffres clés Portrait d'une inscription Key Figures Portrait of an inscription d r a G n o r y e v A Causses & Cévennes 22 000 habitants 3000 km² inscrits Authenticité Aveyron, Gard, Hérault, Lozère, quatre dont 50% de départements se partagent le patrimoine des Authenticity 1 400 éleveurs Causses et des Cévennes et s’associent pour vous Patrimoine Mondial de l'UNESCO This mountainous landscape located in the southern surfaces agricoles à le faire découvrir. part of central France is composed of deep valleys 140 000 brebis C’est un cadre naturel grandiose où depuis des which showcase the evolution of pastoral societies Les Causses et les Cévennes ont été inscrits le 28 juin 2011 sur la liste prestigieuse du Patrimoine Mondial de l’Humanité par l’UNESCO, au titre 80% pastorales millénaires, l’homme a patiemment façonné ces over three thousand years. de la Convention internationale pour la protection du patrimoine naturel et culturel. Cette inscription dans la catégorie des paysages culturels 22 000 inhabitants, 1 400 farmers, 140 000 sheep, 8 500 paysages méditerranéens. 8 500 chèvres The key detail about this landscape is its authenticity évolutifs et vivants porte en elle la reconnaissance internationale d’un territoire façonné par un agropastoralisme méditerranéen millénaire. goats, 8 500 cows. C’est tout un univers minéral où le schiste, le – ancient farms and villages, footpaths and shepherd 50% of farmlands composed of 80% of rangelands among granite et le calcaire se conjuguent pour dessiner trails, and remarkably well-preserved structures and The Causses and the Cevennes were added on the famous UNESCO World Heritage List in 2011 as a living and evolutive cultural landscape.
    [Show full text]
  • Obtaining World Heritage Status and the Impacts of Listing Aa, Bart J.M
    University of Groningen Preserving the heritage of humanity? Obtaining world heritage status and the impacts of listing Aa, Bart J.M. van der IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2005 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Aa, B. J. M. V. D. (2005). Preserving the heritage of humanity? Obtaining world heritage status and the impacts of listing. s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 23-09-2021 Appendix 4 World heritage site nominations Listed site in May 2004 (year of rejection, year of listing, possible year of extension of the site) Rejected site and not listed until May 2004 (first year of rejection) Afghanistan Península Valdés (1999) Jam,
    [Show full text]
  • World Heritage Sites in India
    World Heritage Sites in India drishtiias.com/printpdf/world-heritage-sites-in-india A World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by UNESCO for its special cultural or physical significance. The list of World Heritage Sites is maintained by the international 'World Heritage Programme', administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) seeks to encourage the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity. This is embodied in an international treaty called the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted by UNESCO in 1972. India has 38 world heritage sites that include 30 Cultural properties, 7 Natural properties and 1 mixed site. Watch Video At: https://youtu.be/lOzxUVCCSug 1/11 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization It was founded in 1945 to develop the “intellectual and moral solidarity of mankind” as a means of building lasting peace. It is located in Paris, France. Cultural Sites in India (30) Agra Fort (1983) 16th-century Mughal monument Fortress of red sandstone It comprises the Jahangir Palace and the Khas Mahal, built by Shah Jahan; audience halls, such as the Diwan-i-Khas Ajanta Caves (1983) Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar (2016) Remains of a monastic and scholastic institution dating from the 3 rd century BCE to the 13th century CE. Includes stupas, shrines, viharas (residential and educational buildings) and important artworks in stucco, stone and metal. Considered to be the most ancient university of the Indian Subcontinent.
    [Show full text]
  • Governance of Protected Areas from Understanding to Action
    Governance of Protected Areas From understanding to action Grazia Borrini-Feyerabend, Nigel Dudley, Tilman Jaeger, Barbara Lassen, Neema Pathak Broome, Adrian Phillips and Trevor Sandwith Developing capacity for a protected planet Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No.20 IUCN WCPA’s BEST PRACTICE PROTECTED AREA GUIDELINES SERIES IUCN-WCPA’s Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines are the world’s authoritative resource for protected area managers. Involving collaboration among specialist practitioners dedicated to supporting better implementation in the field, they distil learning and advice drawn from across IUCN. Applied in the field, they are building institutional and individual capacity to manage protected area systems effectively, equitably and sustainably, and to cope with the myriad of challenges faced in practice. They also assist national governments, protected area agencies, non- governmental organisations, communities and private sector partners to meet their commitments and goals, and especially the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Programme of Work on Protected Areas. A full set of guidelines is available at: www.iucn.org/pa_guidelines Complementary resources are available at: www.cbd.int/protected/tools/ Contribute to developing capacity for a Protected Planet at: www.protectedplanet.net/ IUCN PROTECTED AREA DEFINITION, MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES AND GOVERNANCE TYPES IUCN defines a protected area as: A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means,
    [Show full text]
  • Artabus.Com/Labidi
    Your virtual gallery Mohamed Labidi https://www.artabus.com/labidi/ "La Mitidja (Algerie)." Size (HxW) : 50x60 cm Style : realism / Tech. : Watercolour on paper Theme : Landscape / Category : Painting Year : 2005 "Les hauteures d' Alger 01" Size (HxW) : 63x40 cm Framed Style : realism / Tech. : Watercolour on paper Theme : Landscape / Category : Painting Price : Euros 450 Year : 2007 Desc. : It is a district that is located at heights of Algiers, said: Aine-e-Zeboudja "Maisonnettes sur falaise" Size (HxW) : 58x40 cm Framed Style : realism / Tech. : Ink on paper Theme : Landscape / Category : Painting Price : Euros 300 Year : 2006 "Mosqée en petite Kabylie" Size (HxW) : 16x25 cm Framed Style : realism / Tech. : Watercolour on paper Theme : Landscape / Category : Painting Sold Year : 2008 Desc. : Works commissioned for calendar 2009.for society (Farmalliance) "Palmeraie à l'horizon" Size (HxW) : 36x48 cm Style : realism / Tech. : Watercolour on paper Theme : Landscape / Category : Painting Year : 2006 Page 1/95 Your virtual gallery Mohamed Labidi https://www.artabus.com/labidi/ "Structure" Size (HxW) : 33x43 cm Style : realism / Tech. : Watercolour on paper Theme : Still life / Category : Painting Price : Euros 250 Year : 2007 Desc. : When I am in front of the nature I'm still surprised at the realization of God. "Ain Zeboudja." Size (HxW) : 67x45 cm Style : realism / Tech. : Watercolour on paper Theme : Building / Category : Painting Price : Euros 400 Year : 2006 Desc. : Houses located on steep slope.Ain Zeboudja,Alger. "Cyprès sur la baie" Size (HxW) : 30x22 cm Style : realism / Tech. : Watercolour on paper Theme : Building / Category : Painting Year : 2010 Desc. : Watercolor painted from nature, overlooking the port of Algiers. "Vue sur la baie d'Alger" Size (HxW) : 21x32 cm Style : realism / Tech.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Report No. 23457 Report No: I057770 <--Please check for duplicates! Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (Initial) Date ISDS Prepared/Updated: 01/08/2002 Section I - Basic Information Public Disclosure Authorized A. Basic Project Data Country: ETHIOPIA Project ID: P057770 Project: Cultural Heritage Project Task Team Leader: Peter A. Dewees Appraisal Date: January 18, 2002 IBRD Amount ($m): Board Date: March 28, 2002 IDA Amount ($m): 4.95 Managing Unit: AFTES Sector: MY - Non-Sector Specific Lending Instrument: Learning and Innovation Loan (LIL) Status: Lending I.A.2. Project Objectives: Ethiopia is the site of some of the oldest human settlements in Africa. Though the beginning of recorded Ethiopian history dates to the reported meeting around 1000 BC of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, relatively recent discoveries have shown that it has a rich prehistory as well. Early Christian influences date to around 400 AD and Islamic influences followed Public Disclosure Authorized several hundred years later, and these have had a profound impact on Ethiopian culture and tradition. A rich civilization flourished around Axum until the 7th century AD which was an amalgam of indigenous culture and external influences, notably from Southern Arabia. Other dynasties, such as the Zagwe (responsible for the construction of eleven monolithic churches in Lalibela some time before the late 1200s) left a deep imprint on Ethiopia as well. The fortress city of Fasil Ghebbi in Gondar, residence of the Emperor Fasilides and his successors during the 16th and 17th centuries, contains palaces, churches, monasteries and unique public and private buildings marked by Hindu and Arabic influences, and transformed by the baroque style brought by Jesuit missionaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison Between Two Traditional Algerian Houses
    The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLIV-M-1-2020, 2020 HERITAGE2020 (3DPast | RISK-Terra) International Conference, 9–12 September 2020, Valencia, Spain TOWARDS A BETTER KNOWLEDGE OF TRADITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL DEVICES: COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO TRADITIONAL ALGERIAN HOUSES A. Racha 1, *, S. Kacher 1 1 Laboratoire Ville, Architecture et Patrimoine (LVAP), Ecole Polytechnique d’Architecture et d’Urbanisme (EPAU), Algiers, Algeria - [email protected], [email protected] Commission II - WG II/8 KEY WORDS: Vernacular architecture, Traditional houses, Environmental devices, Comparative study ABSTRACT: It has been noticed that research is increasingly focused on exploring opportunities to use environmental devices of traditional origin to create more sustainable contemporary buildings. Unfortunately, this "neo-traditional trend" (Abdelsalam et al., 2013) is hindered by the performance of vernacular solutions, which are unable to meet the new needs of contemporary society. Advocates of this ideology believe that this situation is due to a lack of knowledge of these vernacular devices. From this point of view, this paper aims to establish a better knowledge of them for the purpose of improving their performance within contemporary buildings. Thus, it presents a comparison study between the traditional architecture represented by the Algiers Kasbah house and the M’zab valley house in Algeria. The choice of the case studies was made in light of the fact that notwithstanding the very opposite environmental contexts of each case study, they belong to the same typology of traditional houses called "house with wast ed dar". In fact, they share several similar environmental features such as the patio and the terrace.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia, the TPLF and Roots of the 2001 Political Tremor Paulos Milkias Marianopolis College/Concordia University
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarWorks at WMU Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU International Conference on African Development Center for African Development Policy Research Archives 8-2001 Ethiopia, The TPLF and Roots of the 2001 Political Tremor Paulos Milkias Marianopolis College/Concordia University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/africancenter_icad_archive Part of the African Studies Commons, and the Economics Commons WMU ScholarWorks Citation Milkias, Paulos, "Ethiopia, The TPLF nda Roots of the 2001 Political Tremor" (2001). International Conference on African Development Archives. Paper 4. http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/africancenter_icad_archive/4 This Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for African Development Policy Research at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Conference on African Development Archives by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ETHIOPIA, TPLF AND ROOTS OF THE 2001 * POLITICAL TREMOR ** Paulos Milkias Ph.D. ©2001 Marianopolis College/Concordia University he TPLF has its roots in Marxist oriented Tigray University Students' movement organized at Haile Selassie University in 1974 under the name “Mahber Gesgesti Behere Tigray,” [generally T known by its acronym – MAGEBT, which stands for ‘Progressive Tigray Peoples' Movement’.] 1 The founders claim that even though the movement was tactically designed to be nationalistic it was, strategically, pan-Ethiopian. 2 The primary structural document the movement produced in the late 70’s, however, shows it to be Tigrayan nationalist and not Ethiopian oriented in its content.
    [Show full text]
  • Cloth, Commerce and History in Western Africa 1700-1850
    The Texture of Change: Cloth, Commerce and History in Western Africa 1700-1850 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Benjamin, Jody A. 2016. The Texture of Change: Cloth, Commerce and History in Western Africa 1700-1850. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493374 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Texture of Change: Cloth Commerce and History in West Africa, 1700-1850 A dissertation presented by Jody A. Benjamin to The Department of African and African American Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of African and African American Studies Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2016 © 2016 Jody A. Benjamin All rights reserved. Dissertation Adviser: Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong Jody A. Benjamin The Texture of Change: Cloth Commerce and History in West Africa, 1700-1850 Abstract This study re-examines historical change in western Africa during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries through the lens of cotton textiles; that is by focusing on the production, exchange and consumption of cotton cloth, including the evolution of clothing practices, through which the region interacted with other parts of the world. It advances a recent scholarly emphasis to re-assert the centrality of African societies to the history of the early modern trade diasporas that shaped developments around the Atlantic Ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • The Existing Challenges of Heritage
    ACCESS Freely available online rism & OPEN ou H f T o o s l p a i t n a r l i u t y o J Journal of ISSN: 2167-0269 Tourism & Hospitality Research Article The Existing Challenges of Heritage Management in Gondar World Heritage Sites: A Case Study on Fasil Ghebbi and the Baths Shegalem Fekadu Mengstie* Department of History and Heritage Management, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ABSTRACT Heritage management is an administrative means by which heritage resources are protected from natural and manmade cause of deterioration. The town of Gondar is located in Northwestern Ethiopia and it has outstanding and outstay world cultural heritage resources situated at its hub. However, these stunning properties are threatened with multidimensional heritage management problems. So, the main aim of this paper is to identify the main and existing challenges and show the severity of the problems in comparison with different case studies in the world. It compiled through qualitative research method with descriptive research design. And data were collected through survey, participant observation and photographic documentation and interpretation. The collected data also compiled by qualitative method of data analysis. The main and the existing challenges of Gondar’s world heritage sites, specifically of the Fasil Ghebbi and the baths are plant overgrowth, human activities on the immediate vicinity of the sites (that leads to vibration of the structures and noise disturbance), negligence, visitors pressure, improper conservation, nonexistence or inapplicability of heritage management plan, Lack of tourist follow-up system as a means for deliberate graffiti of heritages, lack of cooperation among the concerned bodies and unavailability of directions and instructions.
    [Show full text]