DOCSLIB.ORG

California State University, Northridge “Monday Night

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
California State University, Northridge “Monday Night CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE “MONDAY NIGHT IRISH:” ENGENDERING IRISH IDENTITY AT THE CELTIC ARTS CENTER IN LOS ANGELES A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Art in Anthropology By April Mejia May 2013 The thesis of April Mejia is approved: _____________________________________ _______________ Dr. Rachel F. Giraudo Date _____________________________________ _______________ Dr. Suzanne Scheld Date _____________________________________ _______________ Dr. Sabina Magliocco, Chair Date California State University, Northridge ii Preface My thesis topic was initially inspired by my interest in my own Irish ancestry, but when I traveled to Ireland in the summer of 2010, that interest broadened dramatically to incorporate all aspects of Irish culture. I instantly became “Irish” as travelling abroad with my now husband solidified how much I felt that I naturally blend in with the Irish people. My light skin, freckles, red hair and blue eyes were a sharp contrast to my husband’s brown skin, brown eyes, and black hair. While walking the streets of Dublin one morning, an older Irish woman walked up to us and simply stated to me “You have the beauty of Ireland in you,” and continued on her way. Subsequently, it was from my journey throughout Ireland that I began to contemplate what it meant to be Irish and the ways by which one might determine levels of Irishness. Am I, for example, more Irish now than the rest of my family because I have been to Ireland? My first academic foray on the path of all things Irish was through my classes at CSU Northridge. I began my graduate career with an interest in Irish culture, but without a distinct research focus. My first opportunity to write on an aspect of Irish culture was in my Anthropology of Fashion seminar, where I chose to expand my knowledge of Irish culture through the quintessential piece of Irish fashion: the Aran sweater. It was through my investigation on the Aran sweater that I began my research on Irish identity in earnest. The Aran sweater, through the globalizing effects of the Internet, constituted the ultimate icon of Irish identity to the world. I further expanded on this research with my presentation “The Role of Social Networking in Ethnographic Studies: How Fashion iii Spreads Globally,” at “The Art of Anthropology” conference that took place in Belfast, Northern Ireland in September 2011. I recognized at the outset of trying to formulate an actual research topic and research design that I faced a significant challenge. Unlike Boston, New York, and other cities in the eastern United States, Los Angeles lacked well known Irish and Irish American enclaves. Rather, the “Irish” of metropolitan Los Angeles were a dispersed population; I would have to find a central place, or institution, where common interests converged. The Celtic Arts Center was chosen as my field site because it allowed me to take a grounded approach to my research. I began my research based on curiosity in Irish diasporic identity, which later developed into how Irish identity operates. I utilized participant observation in my research at the Celtic Arts Center; this involved going to events and meeting people within the community in an informal way. My participant observation included enrolling in the Irish Gaelic class, and attending a few seisiúns (Irish traditional music) offered by the Celtic Arts Center. I participated in the Irish Gaelic class almost every week for approximately six months, which allowed me into the inner circle of the Celtic Arts Center. I was able to meet some of the most dedicated members of the center, including the President of the Board of Directors through my participation in this class. From these initial connections I was then introduced to other members of the Celtic Arts Center who participated in the Irish céilí dance class and the Irish music seisiún. I chose to take a mixed methods approach to my fieldwork, using both participant observation and surveys. My survey questions were aimed at gathering general iv information about the participants, primarily to form the demographic picture of the Celtic Arts Center. In addition, the surveys acted as an introduction to my research for those I had not spoken to on an individual basis, thus allowing me to expand the number of individuals in my study. Furthermore, the surveys also enabled me, based on their responses, to discover whom the most suitable participants would be to conduct individual interviews. They also allowed me to tailor my interviews for each person based on their previous answers, which decreased the time needed for interviews, an important consideration. All of the interviews took place directly after the Irish Gaelic class in the front lounge area. While the location of the interviews was convenient, time was a contributing factor because the céilí dance class was occurring at this time and throughout the interviews you could hear the music through the walls. In addition, whenever the door opened you could hear music and people talking. Since this location is the entrance to the other two smaller rooms at point it becomes busy like a train station; as people head in to dance and later people begin arriving for the seisiún. Through the surveys and interviews conducted I was able to investigate the ways in which identity making processes are at work at the Celtic Arts Center. It was the interviews that led to the discovery of the multiple Irish identities present at the Celtic Arts Center, such as, the “Monday Night Irish,” the “Everyday Irish,” and the “Cardiac Celts.” These categories were influenced by many factors, including travel to Ireland, distance traveled to the Celtic Arts Center, and the amount of Irish ancestry. In addition to these categories of Irishness, the Celtic Arts Center evokes an “imagined community” (Anderson 2006) based on primarily symbolic identities. I focused on “Monday Night Irish” because these individuals offered a current and new way in which to view symbolic v identity. Symbolic identity relies on the identity not being part of an individual’s everyday life, usually referring to the enactment of the identity on holidays or other special occasions. At the Celtic Arts Center, the use and disuse of symbolic identity occurs on a weekly basis. vi Dedication For my love, Ramon vii Table of Contents Signature Page ii Preface iii Dedication vii List of Illustrations x Abstract xi Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Approaches to Identity in the Social and Behavioral Sciences 6 Ethnic Identity 8 Conclusion 23 Chapter 3: Historical Treatment of Irish Americans 30 18th Century 33 19th Century 36 20th Century 43 21st Century 48 Conclusion 50 Chapter 4: An Claidheamh Soluis /Celtic Arts Center 54 Historical Background 54 Purpose of the Celtic Arts Center 57 The Role of Tradition at the Celtic Arts Center 59 Cultural Expressions, Experiences, and Practices 61 Mother Tongues or Ancestral Languages 65 viii Ethnic Customs 72 Chapter 5: Personal Identity Making Processes at the Celtic Arts Center 77 Age and Sex of Patrons 77 Rates of Travel to Ireland 83 Distance Traveled to the Celtic Arts Center 87 Amount of Irish Ancestry 93 Irish Ancestry as a Factor in Creating a Symbolic Identity 96 Celtic Themed Attire as a Factor in Promoting 101 Symbolic Identity Imagined Community 103 Chapter 6: Conclusion 107 Works Cited 113 ix List of Illustrations Irish Gaelic Class Summation of Ages and Sex 78 Irish Céilí Dance Summation of Ages and Sex 80 Irish Music Seisiún Summation of Ages and Sex 81 CAC Ages 82 Irish Gaelic Class Visited Ireland by Sex 84 Irish Gaelic Class Distance Traveled to CAC 89 Irish Céilí Dance Distance Traveled to CAC 90 Irish Music Seisiún Distance Traveled to CAC 91 CAC Distance Traveled 92 Irish Gaelic Class Irish Ancestry 93 CAC Irish Ancestry 95 x ABSTRACT “MONDAY NIGHT IRISH:” ENGENDERING IRISH IDENTITY AT THE CELTIC ARTS CENTER IN LOS ANGELES By April Mejia Master of Art in Anthropology Based on ethnographic research conducted at the Celtic Arts Center, I analyze the emergence of multiple Irish identities for Irish Americans in Los Angeles. Based on socio-historical context, largely influenced by globalization, the ways in which Irish American identity has been created are illustrated through personal accounts. The patrons of the Celtic Arts Center formed their Irish American identities around multiple factors, including, travel to Ireland, distance traveled to the center, and the amount of Irish ancestry one possesses. Members of the Celtic Arts Center fell into three main categories of Irish identity: “Monday Night Irish,” “Everyday Irish,” and “Cardiac Celts.” In addition, to the ways in which the Celtic Arts Center influences the creation of personal identity it also acts as an imagined community for its members. xi Introduction The ways in which identity has been constructed and analyzed have changed throughout history. The following chapters are a glimpse into the vast array of theories regarding identity and the historical context associated with the multiple Irish identities that have occurred over time. The Irish at the Celtic Arts Center represent a sample of the Irish in Los Angeles. While the Celtic Arts Center promotes itself as a pan-Celtic organization, they primarily focus on Irish culture through their dedicated Monday night Irish programs. These programs touch on some of the basic cultural elements associated with the “quintessential” Irish person, namely language, dance, and music. Through the research conducted at the Celtic Arts Center the questions that arose were: To what extent is Irish identity in the United States a purely symbolic creation, as Herbert Gans and other scholars have argued that much Euro-American ethnicity is (Alba 1990; Gans 1979)? For Gans (1979), symbolic ethnicity is when the ethnicity in question is not part of the individual’s everyday life; instead it is only used in specific circumstances.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Irish Language in Meals Will Also Be Available on Reservation
    ISSN 0257-7860 Nr. 57 SPRING 1987 80p Sterling D eatp o f S gum äs Mac a’ QpobpaiNN PGRRaNpORtb CONfGRGNCC Baase Doolisl) y KaRRaqpeR Welsb LaNquaqc Bills PlaNNiNQ CONtROl Q tpc MaNX QOVGRNMCNt HistORic OwiNNiNG TTpe NoRtp — Loyalist Attituöes A ScaSON iN tl7G FRGNCb CgRip Q0DC l£AGU€ -4LBA: COVIUNN CEIUWCH * BREIZH: KEl/RE KEU1EK Cy/VIRU: UNDEB CELMIDO *ElRE:CONR4DH CfllTHCH KERN O W KE SU NW NS KELTEK • /VWNNIN1COV1MEEY5 CELM GH ALBA striipag bha turadh ann. Dh'fhäs am boireannach na b'lheärr. Sgtiir a deöir. AN DIOGHALTAS AICE "Gun teagamh. fliuair sibh droch naidheachd an diugh. Pheigi." arsa Murchadh Thormaid, "mur eil sibh deönach mise doras na garaids a chäradh innsibh dhomh agus di- 'Seinn iribh o. hiüraibh o. hiigaibh o hi. chuimhnichidh mi c. Theid mi air eeann- Seo agaibh an obair bheir togail fo m'chridh. gnothaich (job) eite. Bhi stiuradh nio chasan do m'dhachaidh bhig fhin. "O cäraichidh sinn doras na garaids. Ma Air criochnacbadh saothair an lä dhomh." tha sibh deiseil tägaidh sinn an drasda agus seallaidh mi dhuibh doras na garaids. Tha Sin mar a sheinn Murchadh Thormaid chitheadh duine gun robh Murchadh 'na turadh ann." "nuair a thill e dhachaidh. "Nuair a bha c dhuine deannta 'na shcacaid dhubh-ghorm Agus leis a sin choisich an triuir a-mach a' stiiiireadh a’ chäir dhachaidh. bha eagail agus na dhungairidhe (dungarees), Bha baga dhan gharaids, an saor ’na shcacaid dhubh- air nach maircadh an ehr bochd air an rarhad uainc aige le chuid inncaian saoir. Bha e mu gorm is dungairidhc , .
    [Show full text]
  • “Éire Go Brách” the Development of Irish Republican Nationalism in the 20Th Into the 21St Centuries
    “Éire go Brách” The Development of Irish Republican Nationalism in the 20th into the 21st Centuries Alexandra Watson Honors Thesis Dr. Giacomo Gambino Department of Political Science Spring 2020 Watson 2 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Literature Review: Irish Nationalism -- What is it ? 5 A Brief History 18 ‘The Irish Question’ and Early Roots of Irish Republicanism 20 Irish Republicanism and the War for Independence 25 The Anglo Irish Treaty of 1921, Pro-Treaty Republicanism vs. Anti-Treaty Republicanism, and Civil War 27 Early Statehood 32 ‘The Troubles’ and the Good Friday Agreement 36 Why is ‘the North’ Different? 36 ‘The Troubles’ 38 The Good Friday Agreement 40 Contemporary Irish Politics: Irish Nationalism Now? 45 Explaining the Current Political System 45 Competing nationalisms Since the Good Friday Agreement and the Possibility of Unification 46 2020 General Election 47 Conclusions 51 Appendix 54 Acknowledgements 57 Bibliography 58 Watson 3 Introduction In June of 2016, the people of the United Kingdom democratically elected to leave the European Union. The UK’s decision to divorce from the European Union has brought significant uncertainty for the country both in domestic and foreign policy and has spurred a national identity crisis across the United Kingdom. The Brexit negotiations themselves, and the consequences of them, put tremendous pressure on already strained international relationships between the UK and other European countries, most notably their geographic neighbour: the Republic of Ireland. The Anglo-Irish relationship is characterized by centuries of mutual antagonism and the development of Irish national consciousness, which ultimately resulted in the establishment of an autonomous Irish free state in 1922.
    [Show full text]
  • Celtic-International-Fund-2019.Pdf
    CELTIC INTERNATIONAL FUND BBC ALBA (with funding from MG ALBA), S4C, TG4 and Northern Ireland Screen’s Irish Language Broadcast Fund (ILBF) are delighted to announce the second round of the ‘Celtic International Fund’, a yearly joint-commissioning round between the indigenous Celtic language television broadcasters and funders of Scotland, Wales, Ireland and Northern Ireland The aim of the ‘Celtic International Fund’ is to promote co-development and then co-production through Scottish Gaelic, Welsh and Irish, and to encourage a broader European and worldwide internationalisation of productions which are originally conceived in those Celtic languages. The Celtic International Fund hopes to provide film-makers with an opportunity to co-develop and coproduce distinctive, ambitious works to enrich primetime programme schedules, to have a national impact with audiences in the territories of Scotland, Wales, Ireland and Northern Ireland and seek to reach audiences worldwide. This call-out encompasses three genres, Factual, Formats and Drama. For all projects, we envisage a development phase where funding would be provided to develop ideas but also to develop the co- production framework which must have a production element in Scotland, Wales and either Ireland or Northern Ireland. Feedback from producers regarding genres to be included in ensuing Celtic International Fund call-outs is welcome. The Celtic International Fund will be administered by a joint commissioning team drawn from the Celtic language broadcasters and funders who are partners
    [Show full text]
  • Beware, Red Heads Don't Numb!
    Research Article Published: 08 Mar, 2019 Journal of Ophthalmology Forecast Beware, Red Heads Don’t Numb! Matthews JM*, Petrykowski B and Davidorf F Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA Abstract Background: The use of topical anesthesia in the outpatient setting by Ophthalmologists has seen a dramatic increase since the development of antivegf medications. Each year, there are an estimated 6-7 million anti-vegf injections performed in the United States. People with red hair have a mutation of the MC1R gene, which has been associated with decreased effectiveness of local anesthesia. The purpose of this communication is to alert the ophthalmology community of potential for inadequate anesthesia for intraocular injections Methods: IRB was obtained through OSU IRB. 175 patients receiving intravitreal injections were randomly surveyed to determine incidence of poor analgesia with injections. Results: Overall, 19/175 patients were found to have decreased effectiveness of local anesthesia. We found a surprisingly high incidence (10.5%) of patients who require increased amounts of local anesthesia than is commonly used in those with natural red/auburn hair. Conclusion: We encourage ophthalmologists who use local anesthesia for their patients to include an assessment of their response to dental anesthesia. These individuals need to be identified who have had previously bad experiences with poor responses to local anesthesia. We recommend using twice the amount of topical anesthesia in these patients. Keywords: Intravitreal injections; MC1R Gene; Red hair; VEGF; Topical anesthesia Introduction The use of topical anesthesia in the outpatient setting by Ophthalmologists has seen a dramatic increase since the development of antivegf medications.
    [Show full text]
  • E.E. Fournier D'albe's Fin De Siècle: Science, Nationalism and Monistic
    Ian B. Stewart E.E. Fournier d’Albe’s Fin de siècle: Science, nationalism and monistic philosophy in Britain and Ireland Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Stewart, Ian B. (2017). E.E. Fournier d’Albe’s Fin de siècle: Science, nationalism and monistic philosophy in Britain and Ireland Cultural and Social History. pp 1-22. ISSN 1478-0038 DOI: 10.1080/14780038.2017.1375721 © 2017 Taylor & Francis This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/84274/ Available in LSE Research Online: September 2017 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. 1 E.E. Fournier d’Albe’s Fin de siècle: Science, Nationalism and Monistic Philosophy in Britain and Ireland* Ian B. Stewart The aim of this article is to reconstruct the intellectual biography of the English physicist Edmund Edward Fournier d’Albe (1868-1933) in order to shed new light on disparate aspects of the British fin de siècle.
    [Show full text]
  • What Does It Mean to Be a Redhead in Literature?
    The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Honors Theses Honors College Spring 5-2015 The Importance of Appearances in Literature: What Does It Mean to Be a Redhead in Literature? Chelsea J. Anderson University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses Part of the Children's and Young Adult Literature Commons Recommended Citation Anderson, Chelsea J., "The Importance of Appearances in Literature: What Does It Mean to Be a Redhead in Literature?" (2015). Honors Theses. 274. https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses/274 This Honors College Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi The Importance of Appearances in Literature: What Does It Mean to Be a Redhead in Literature? by Chelsea Anderson A Thesis Submitted to the Honors College of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in the Department of English May 2015 ii Approved by ____________________________________ Alexandra Valint, Ph. D., Thesis Adviser Assistant Professor of English ____________________________________ Eric Tribunella, Ph. D., Chair Department of English ____________________________________ Ellen Weinauer, Ph.D., Dean Honors College iii Abstract In literature, appearances always seem to play a major part of each character. The physical descriptions of each character are important to the development of the story. Therefore, it seems that a character’s physical appearance becomes an important part of character development, and his/her physical traits help to determine the type of character he/she will be.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting the Achievements of the Ancient Celts
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository College of Arts & Sciences Senior Honors Theses College of Arts & Sciences 5-2013 Revisiting the achievements of the Ancient Celts : evidence that the Celtic civilization surpassed contemporary European civilizations in its technical sophistication and social complexity, and continues to influence later cultures. Adam Dahmer University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/honors Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Dahmer, Adam, "Revisiting the achievements of the Ancient Celts : evidence that the Celtic civilization surpassed contemporary European civilizations in its technical sophistication and social complexity, and continues to influence later cultures." (2013). College of Arts & Sciences Senior Honors Theses. Paper 11. http://doi.org/10.18297/honors/11 This Senior Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts & Sciences at ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Arts & Sciences Senior Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dahmer 1 A Lost Civilization as Great as Any Scholars traditionally associate the advancement of Western culture from antiquity to the Renaissance with the innovations of the Romans and their Mediterranean cultural predecessors, the Greeks and Etruscans, to the extent that the word "civilization" often seems synonymous with Romanization. In doing so, historians unfairly discount the cultural achievements of other Indo-European peoples who achieved civilization in their own right and contributed much to ancient and modern life.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetics of Hair and Skin Color
    11 Sep 2003 14:51 AR AR201-GE37-04.tex AR201-GE37-04.sgm LaTeX2e(2002/01/18) P1: GCE 10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.143233 Annu. Rev. Genet. 2003. 37:67–90 doi: 10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.143233 Copyright c 2003 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved First published online as a Review in Advance on June 17, 2003 GENETICS OF HAIR AND SKIN COLOR Jonathan L. Rees Systems Group, Dermatology, University of Edinburgh, Lauriston Buildings, Lauriston Place, Edinburgh, EH3 9YW, United Kingdom; email: [email protected] Key Words melanin, melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), eumelanin, pheomelanin, red hair ■ Abstract Differences in skin and hair color are principally genetically deter- mined and are due to variation in the amount, type, and packaging of melanin polymers produced by melanocytes secreted into keratinocytes. Pigmentary phenotype is genet- ically complex and at a physiological level complicated. Genes determining a number of rare Mendelian disorders of pigmentation such as albinism have been identified, but only one gene, the melanocortin 1 receptor (MCR1), has so far been identified to explain variation in the normal population such as that leading to red hair, freckling, and sun-sensitivity. Genotype-phenotype relations of the MC1R are reviewed, as well as methods to improve the phenotypic assessment of human pigmentary status. It is argued that given advances in model systems, increases in technical facility, and the lower cost of genotype assessment, the lack of standardized phenotype assessment is now a major limit on advance. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 68 BIOLOGY OF HUMAN PIGMENTATION ................................ 69 by San Jose State University on 10/05/10.
    [Show full text]
  • SPACE, RELIGION, and the CREATURELINESS of APPALACHIA Dissertation Submitted to the College of Arts and Scie
    OF MOUNTAIN FLESH: SPACE, RELIGION, AND THE CREATURELINESS OF APPALACHIA Dissertation Submitted to The College of Arts and Sciences of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theology By Scott Cooper McDaniel UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON Dayton, Ohio May 2018 OF MOUNTAIN FLESH: SPACE, RELIGION, AND THE CREATURELINESS OF APPALACHIA Name: McDaniel, Scott Cooper APPROVED BY: ____________________________________________ Vincent J. Miller, Ph.D. Faculty Advisor ____________________________________________ Silviu Bunta, Ph.D. Faculty Reader ____________________________________________ Kelly Johnson, Ph.D. Faculty Reader ____________________________________________ Anthony Smith, Ph.D. Faculty Reader _____________________________________________ Norman Wirzba, Ph.D. Outside Faculty Reader _____________________________________________ Daniel S. Thompson, Ph.D. Chairperson ii © Copyright by Scott Cooper McDaniel All rights reserved 2018 iii ABSTRACT OF MOUNTAIN FLESH: SPACE, RELIGION, AND THE CREATURELINESS OF APPALACHIA Name: McDaniel, Scott Cooper University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. Vincent J. Miller The following dissertation articulates a constructive theology of creatureliness that speaks from within the particularities of Appalachia’s spatial topography and religious culture. I analyze the historical development and ecological implications of industrial resource extraction, specifically the practice of mountaintop removal, within the broader framework of urbanization and anthropocentricism. Drawing on the unique religio-cultural traditions of the region, particularly its 19th century expressions of Christianity, I employ a spatial hermeneutic through which I emphasize the region’s environmental and bodily elements and articulate a theological argument for the “creaturely flesh” of Appalachia. iv Dedicated to Jade and Beatrice v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are numerous individuals that have made this dissertation possible. I would first like to thank Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • From Classical Conception to Modern Self-Determination
    THE RIGHT TO SELF-DETERMINATION OF PEOPLES: FROM CLASSICAL CONCEPTION TO MODERN SELF-DETERMINATION O PRINCÍPIO DA AUTODETERMINAÇÃO DOS POVOS: DA CONCEPÇÃO CLÁSSICA À AUTODETERMINAÇÃO MODERNA Juan Manuel Indacochea Jauregui1 Walter Abanto Rojas2 Abstract: In recent times, international practice has provided new cases of decolonization, but also of mutually agreed secessions with a previous independence referendum, as well as violent ruptures. Although the unilateral secessions are not well received by the international community, they are not only possible, but they have been favored by the ICJ’s Advisory Opinion on the Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence by the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government of Kosovo. This paper analyzes new cases involving the right to self-determination, to later try to identify new holders of the right to self- determination in the light of modern international practice. It focuses on the “wide self- determination” approach, the so-called “modern self-determination”, whose holders are not “peoples under colonial rule, foreign domination and alien subjugation”. Keywords: Autonomy, Democracy, Independence, Self-Determination, Secession, Statehood. 1 Master in International Law by the University of Paris-Nanterre, France. Master in Law by the University of Strasbourg, France. Former Consultant of the Andean Court of Justice. Lawyer from the PUCP, Peru. 2 Bachelor in Law from the PUCP, Peru. Ex Teaching Assistant (PUCP). PhD Candidate at Florida International University (FIU). Resumo: Nos últimos tempos, a prática internacional forneceu novos casos de descolonização, mas também de secessão mutuamente acordada, com um devido referendo de independência, além de rupturas violentas. Embora as secessões unilaterais não sejam bem recebidas pela comunidade internacional, elas não são apenas possíveis, mas foram favorecidas pela Opinião Consultiva do CIJ sobre a legalidade da declaração de independência realizada pelas Instituições Provisionais de Auto-Governo de Kosovo.
    [Show full text]
  • The True Roots and Origin of the Scots
    THE TRUE ROOTS AND ORIGIN OF THE SCOTS A RESEARCH SUMMARY AND POINTERS TOWARD FURTHER RESEARCH “Wherever the pilgrim turns his feet, he finds Scotsmen in the forefront of civilization and letters. They are the premiers in every colony, professors in every university, teachers, editors, lawyers, engineers and merchants – everything, and always at the front.” – English writer Sir Walter Besant Copyright © C White 2003 Version 2.1 This is the first in a series of discussion papers and notes on the identity of each of the tribes of Israel today Some Notes on the True Roots and Origin of the Scots TABLE OF CONTENTS Introductory Remarks 3 Ancient Judah 6 Migrations of Judah 17 British Royal Throne 25 National and Tribal Emblems 39 Scottish Character and Attributes 44 Future of the Scots – Judah’s Union with the rest of Israel 55 Concluding Remarks 62 Bibliography 65 “The mystery of Keltic thought has been the despair of generations of philosophers and aesthetes … He who approaches it must, I feel, not alone be of the ancient stock … but he must also have heard since childhood the deep and repeated call of ancestral voices urging him to the task of the exploration of the mysteries of his people … He is like a man with a chest of treasure who has lost the key” (The Mysteries of Britain by L Spence) 2 Some Notes on the True Roots and Origin of the Scots INTRODUCTORY REMARKS Who really are the Scottish peoples? What is their origin? Do tradition, national characteristics and emblems assist? Why are they such great leaders, administrators and inventors? Is there a connection between them and the ancient Biblical tribe of Judah? Why did the British Empire succeed when other Empires did not? Was it a blessing in fulfillment of prophecies such as that in Gen 12:3? Why were the Scots so influential in the Empire, way beyond their population numbers? Today book after book; article after article; universities, politicians, social workers spread lies about the British Empire, denigrating it.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genetics of Human Skin and Hair Pigmentation
    GG20CH03_Pavan ARjats.cls July 31, 2019 17:4 Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics The Genetics of Human Skin and Hair Pigmentation William J. Pavan1 and Richard A. Sturm2 1Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; email: [email protected] 2Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet. 2019. 20:41–72 Keywords First published as a Review in Advance on melanocyte, melanogenesis, melanin pigmentation, skin color, hair color, May 17, 2019 genome-wide association study, GWAS The Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics is online at genom.annualreviews.org Abstract https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-083118- Human skin and hair color are visible traits that can vary dramatically Access provided by University of Washington on 09/02/19. For personal use only. 015230 within and across ethnic populations. The genetic makeup of these traits— Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet. 2019.20:41-72. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Copyright © 2019 by Annual Reviews. including polymorphisms in the enzymes and signaling proteins involved in All rights reserved melanogenesis, and the vital role of ion transport mechanisms operating dur- ing the maturation and distribution of the melanosome—has provided new insights into the regulation of pigmentation. A large number of novel loci involved in the process have been recently discovered through four large- scale genome-wide association studies in Europeans, two large genetic stud- ies of skin color in Africans, one study in Latin Americans, and functional testing in animal models.
    [Show full text]