special REPORt commercial engines 2013

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C31925.029_CFM_CALENDAR_CommEngRep_17June_267x197_v1.indd 1 06/06/2013 15:02 commercial engines 2013

foreword

So far so good is probably the best way to summarise progress on engine for the A320neo family. The PW1100G – which has entered key commercial engine programmes during the past 12 months. flight testing – was designed with a variable area fan nozzle, but Prospects for the long-term profitability of many of the world’s P&W has decided this can be removed to “make the engine lighter rest on the ability of CFM International and Pratt & Whitney and less complex”. to deliver the powerplants that should enable the next generation of narrowbodies to provide a step-change improvement in operating In the widebody sector, the prototype A350 XWB had its Rolls- economics. Royce Trent XWB engines installed and was expected to fly for the first time by the end of June 2013. The recent grounding of the latest Choosing the right engine may never have been more important – widebody twinjet to enter service - ’s 787 - means the or harder – than with the . Unlike previous A350 will come under unprecedented public scrutiny when customer engine competitions, the choice between the CFM Leap-1A and P&W deliveries get under way in 2014. PurePower PW1100G is no longer a soft bet on a secondary supplier to an already chosen . Although the 787’s current woes are not powerplant-related, R-R is well aware that as sole engine supplier to the A350 it has a critical The A320neo is almost identical to the previous version of the aircraft role in ensuring the European-built widebody enjoys a relatively except for the choice of engine to power it. The paths taken by both trouble-free commercial debut. engine makers to achieve the 15% rise in fuel efficiency Airbus is seeking for the A320neo, means airlines are not simply acquiring an The UK manufacturer is understandably endeavouring to leave no engine but tacitly taking sides in an ongoing, furious debate about the stone unturned as it seeks to demonstrate the maturity and service- future of gas engine technology. ready credentials of the Trent XWB, its most advanced three-spool large , which has notched up more than 1,200 sales before Gone are the comparatively subtle technical schisms which defined the A350 even gets airborne. the differences between the International Aero Engines V2500 and the CFM International CFM56. In its place is a stark architectural, even An illustration of this determination is the fact that although all LEAP year philosophical, dispute with a reliance on new and exotic materials flight-test work required for certification of the Trent XWB has been by the Leap-1A on one side and the introduction of a reduction gear completed, Airbus and R-R decided to extend the campaign using the We’re writing to confirm a date we made with our customers inside the PW1100G on the other (read more about this debate on airframer’s A380 flying testbed ahead of the A350’s maiden sortie. P9). in 2008. The first LEAP engine will begin testing this Finally, Boeing’s selection of the GE9X for all three autumn. Right on schedule. Just like our last 21 engines. CFM International in April 2013 started building the first parts for the proposed variants of the still-unlaunched 777X begins a five-year Adjust your calendars, we’ve made this a LEAP year. common Leap-1A and -1C engines selected to power the A320neo campaign for the US engine manufacturer to test and certificate a new and C919 families. Design freeze of the CFM Leap-1B for product featuring several new advances in technology the Max means that all three versions of the single-aisle and capability. Go to cfmaeroengines.com powerplant have formally entered the assembly stage. GE’s preliminary development plan for the GE9X calls for certification CFM’s latest schedule indicates that 12 Leap-1B test engines will form in May 2018 on a common core, with a slightly more than 100,000lb- See the LEAP engine come to life. part of the development programme, complementing 13 Leap-1As variant to power the 777-9X, a roughly 90,000lb-thrust variant Get the CFM LEAP app NOW. for the Airbus A320neo and three Leap-1Cs. Testing of the -1C, for to power the smaller 777-8X and another variant to power the ultra- Comac’s C919, will benefit from -1A commonality. The manufacturer long-range 777-8LX.

CFM International is a 50/50 joint company between Snecma (Safran) and GE. will start ground testing of the Leap-1A - design of which was frozen in June 2012 - in autumn this year. Multiple engines will perform flightglobal insight ground-test runs before flight testing starts in 2014. Antoine Fafard: Manager Anna kaczmarek: analyst P&W, meanwhile, scored a significant victory with Embraer opting in January to equip its planned second-generation E-Jet family with the US manufacturer’s geared . The company has also Flightglobal announced it is making a design change for the PurePower PW1100G Andrew Doyle: Head of STRategic content Superior performance | Lower cost of ownership | Greater reliability MORE TO BELIEVE IN Flightglobal Insight | 3

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www.flightglobal.com/insight Flightglobal Insight | 5 commercial engines 2013 contentS engine analysis Market share 7 New powerplants 9 Regional jets 11

At a glance Commercial engines: manufacturer market share 15 Engine market share by market group 16 Engine options by commercial aircraft 17 Commercial engine comparison 19 commercial engine manufacturers & TYPES CFM International 23 25 General Electric 26 International Aero Engines 28 Powerjet 29 Pratt & Whitney 30 Rolls-Royce 33 engine census Operator listing by commercial engine type 36

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Engine analysis Market share

CFM International and its US Engine manufacturer ranking shareholder General Electric are the 2012 deliveries Backlog* lead producers in their respective Rank Manufacturer Engines Share Engines Share markets, delivering a combined 70% of 1 CFM International 1,278 53% 8,742 47% 2 International Aero Engines 422 17% 1,568 8% the 2,416 commercial engines shipped 3 General Electric 388 16% 1,812 10% to the mainline sector in 2012. While 4 Rolls-Royce 238 10% 2,214 12% CFM continues to be the overall top 5 Engine Alliance 56 2% 356 2% supplier, its share has fallen slightly from 6 Pratt & Whitney 34 1% 1,228 7% 58% in 2011 to 53%. Meanwhile, the Undecided - - 2,560 14% battle in the widebody sector began to Total 2,416 18,480 heat up in 2012 as Boeing 787 deliveries NOTES: *At 31 December 2012. Data for installed engines based on Airbus/Boeing types. Excludes corporate and military operators. SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online Fleets got fully under way. The shape of the single-aisle and markets is AIRBUS/BOEINGairbus/boeing FLEET fleet BY by ENGINE engine MANUFACTURER manufacturer also changing as Pratt & Whitney 8,752 progressively grows the geared 9,000 5,599 Airbus total: 6,931 turbofan’s market share. 8,000 Boeing total: 10,103 Grand total: 17,034 7,000

A total of 1,278 CFM engines were fitted 6,000 on commercial Airbus and Boeing 5,000 aircraft in 2012. The manufacturer has 4,000 also taken a 47% share of the order 3,000 3,153 backlog with 8,742 engines. IAE came 2,111 2,184 1,767 2,000 1,686 1,705 2,175 in second place for 2012 deliveries with 1,113 1,000 a 17% share (422 engines) while Rolls- 425 479 654 45 0 Royce was second in the order backlog CFM Pratt & General International Rolls-Royce Engine Alliance International Whitney Electric Aero Engines ranking with a 12% share (2,214 NOTE: In-service & parked fleet at 31 December 2012. Excludes corporate and military operators. SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online database engines). The British company has a strong position in the A330 order backlog, and also benefits for Airbus and 10,103 for Boeing. CFM International had a from manufacturing the only engine available for the market share of 51%, with 8,752 aircraft (3,153 with Airbus A350XWB with the Trent XWB. Deliveries to Airbus and and 5,599 with Boeing). Boeing totalled 2,416 engines in 2012, while the total backlog came to 18,480 engines. The CFM56 is the only engine provided on the Boeing 737NG, and is an engine option on aircraft. The Airbus and Boeing’s active commercial fleet at 31 CFM Leap engine is the exclusive engine on the 737 Max December 2012 was a total of 17,034 aircraft, with 6,931 and is an option on the A320neo. The second option for the A330 engine manufacturer share A380 engine manufacturer share 767 engine manufacturer share

2012 deliveries Backlog* 2012 deliveries Backlog* 2012 deliveries Backlog* Manufacturer Aircraft Share Aircraft Share Manufacturer Aircraft Share Aircraft Share Manufacturer Aircraft Share Aircraft Share General Electric 17 18% 34 11% Rolls-Royce 16 53% 56 34% General Electric 24 92% 59 91% Pratt & Whitney 12 12% 30 10% Engine Alliance 14 47% 89 54% Pratt & Whitney 2 8% 6 9% Rolls-Royce 68 70% 188 64% Undecided -- 19 12% TOTAL 26 65 Undecided -- 44 15% TOTAL 30 164 TOTAL 97 296 NOTES: *At 31 December 2012 NOTES: *At 31 December 2012. Excludes corporate and NOTES: *At 31 December 2012. Excludes corporate and Excludes corporate and military operators military operators. SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis military operators. SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online using Ascend Online Fleets Ascend Online Fleets Fleets

Flightglobal Insight | 7 commercial engines 2013

A320a320 FAMILYfamily -- ENGINEengine MANUFACTURER manufacturer SHARE share re-engined A320 is the Pratt & Whitney

PW1000G . 2012 deliveries Backlog*

International Aero Engines Pratt & Whitney International Aero Engines The A320 family engine manufacturer 47% 16% 21% Undecided share for 2012 shows that more CFM- 26% equipped A320s were delivered (53%) as opposed to IAE-fitted aircraft (47%). The order backlog at the end of 2012 showed a 37% share for CFM, 21% for IAE, 16% for Pratt & Whitney, while CFM International CFM International 26% were still undecided. 53% 37% Total delieveries: 448 Total backlog: 3,620

The engine manufacturer NOTES: *At 31 December 2012. Excludes corporate and military operators share table (on previous page) shows SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online database that 70% of the deliveries in 2012 were 787 –- engENGINEine manufacturerMANUFACTURER SHAREshare completed with Rolls-Royce engines, * with its aircraft backlog share standing 2012 deliveries Backlog at 64% (188 aircraft). General Electric’s General Electric 59% General Electric CF6 and Pratt & Whitney’s PW4000 are 41% Undecided the other two options for the A330, which 31% was originally designed to compete with the .

A total of 30 A380s were delivered in 2012, 16 of which were fitted with the Rolls-Royce 41% Rolls-Royce Rolls-Royce Trent, and 14 with the Total delieveries: 46 28% Total backlog: 792 Engine Alliance GP7200. The order NOTES: *At 31 December 2012. Excludes corporate and military operators backlog stood at 164 by the end of 2012, SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online database with 54% assigned to the Engine REGIONALregional AIRCRAFTaircraft ENGINE engine MANU manufacturerFACTURER MARKET market SHARE share Alliance option. 2012 deliveries* Backlog** The Boeing 767 can be powered by Pratt & Whitney Pratt & Whitney either the General Electric CF6 or the 43% 50% Pratt & Whitney PW4000. The table (on previous page) shows that 24 GE- powered aircraft, and two equipped by Pratt & Whitney, were delivered in 2012. The backlog stood at 65 at the end of Powerjet Powerjet December, with 91% for GE and the 14% General Electric 4% General Electric 54% 36% remaining 9% for P&W. Total delieveries: 224 Total backlog: 1,172

NOTES: *Airframe. **At 31 December 2012. Excludes corporate and military operators. ***Including P&W Canada. A total of 46 787s were delivered in 2012, Data for firm orders for ATR, Bombardier (including CSeries), Comac, Embraer, Mitsubishi and Sukhoi SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online database 59% fitted with the General Electric GEnx and 41% with the Rolls-Royce Trent. The backlog for the Powerjet follow, with 43% and 4% respectively. Boeing 787 totalled 792 aircraft at the end of 2012. The split in market share between General Electric and Rolls-Royce was The total backlog for manufacturers ATR, Bombardier 41% and 28% respectively, with 31% still undecided. (including CSeries), Comac, Embraer, Mitsubishi and Sukhoi stood at 1,172 at the end of December 2012. Pratt & Whitney Regional aircraft (including Pratt & Whitney Canada) had the largest market In the regional market, the charts show General Electric’s share at 50%, while General Electric and Powerjet achieved share for 2012 deliveries at 54%. Pratt & Whitney and a market share of 36% and 14% respectively.

8 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 9 commercial engines 2013

New powerplants

How to power the A320neo is far from a straightforward decision for airlines, but their choices will help define the 33% future of gas turbine engine technology. Share of A320neo orders that have yet to Choosing the right engine may never have been more important have an engine chosen – or harder – than with the Airbus A320neo family. Unlike previous engine competitions, the choice between the CFM International Leap-1A and the Pratt & Whitney PurePower PW1100G is no the new generation of large regional jets and small narrowbodies, longer a soft bet on a secondary supplier for an already chosen including the CSeries, Embraer’s second-generation E-Jet and airframe. the Mitsubishi MRJ regional jet.

The A320neo is almost identical to the previous version of the Airlines differ in their engine choices as much as the airframers. In aircraft except for the choice of engine to power it. The paths taken two years, Airbus has signed 54 contracts for 1,864 A320neo- by both engine makers to achieve the 15% rise in fuel efficiency family aircraft. Each deal is another opportunity for a referendum Airbus is seeking for the A320neo, means airlines are not simply on the different engine options. So far, the orders are almost acquiring an engine but tacitly taking sides in an ongoing, furious evenly split between the Leap-1A (35%) and the PW1100G (31%), debate about the future of gas turbine engine technology. with the remaining yet to be selected (33%). The CFM option enjoys a clear lead on the smaller of the two variants, including by Gone are the comparatively subtle technical schisms which far the most popular version with the A320neo. P&W is the strong defined the differences between the International Aero Engines favourite so far on the A321neo, but the number of undecided V2500 and the CFM International CFM56. In its place is a stark customers remains strong enough on the A320neo and A321neo architectural, even philosophical, dispute with a reliance on new to easily tip the lead on either side. and exotic materials by the Leap-1A on one side and the introduction of a reduction gear inside the PW1100G on the other. Gas turbine engines will differ according to the manufacturer but essentially all work the same way: a gas turbine uses air to geared turbofan ARCHITECTURE generate thrust to propel the aircraft, and power to drive the Experience offers only partial assistance to airlines as they make engine. The air flow is ingested by the inlet fan, squeezed by the their decisions. P&W has recently received Transport Canada section, ignited by the and, finally, diffused certification for a smaller variant of the PW1100G which powers through the turbine, which harnesses the energy of the heated the Bombardier CSeries. However, the geared turbofan gases to drive the inlet fan and compressor sections. architecture has never been introduced into service, forcing airlines to rely on test results for key assumptions, including For three decades, airlines buying the A320 family had a choice lifecycle maintenance cost. between the CFM56 and the V2500, with significant differences between them. CFM freely acknowledges that the CFM56 is Similarly, CFM joint-venture partner General Electric has managed usually the most expensive to buy when all other terms are equal, the thermal cycle of the Leap-1A on the larger GE90 and GEnx but that is only one factor in an airline’s engine decision. turbofans, but is using new materials, such as ceramic matrix composites, for the first time. A key difference between the CFM56 and V2500 is housed in the high-pressure section of the turbine, which spins the high-pressure Before airlines have any say, airframers cast the first vote, and compressor. It is perhaps the most challenging area of any engine, as they seem to be split. While Boeing rejected P&W’s bid to offer a it must survive the hottest temperatures just aft of the combustor and competitive engine option for the 737 Max, Airbus was pleased to still perform the hard work of driving the compressor. continue giving airlines a choice by selecting both available engines to be certificated on the A320neo family. On the V2500, IAE decided to use two rings of small airfoils called turbine stages, allowing each stage to bear only a portion of the New entrants Comac and Irkut were also split over the decision, overall load. By contrast, the CFM56 uses only one stage in the selecting the Leap-1C and PW1400G respectively. Meanwhile, high-pressure turbine, resulting in a slight advantage for the P&W’s PurePower engine family has dominated the market for CFM56 on lifecycle maintenance cost. One less high-pressure

8 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 9 commercial engines 2013

turbine stage means one less trip to the maintenance depot every 787 and 747-8 introduced a combined blade and disc – or blisk – few years. in the first of the 10-stage high-pressure compressor. CFM also uses blisks, but expands its use to the first five stages of the 10- CFM initially attempted to apply the single-stage architecture on the stage compressor. The blisks, the new materials and the two- Leap engine family, but ultimately decided to switch to a two-stage stage high-pressure turbine allow CFM to vastly improve the high-pressure turbine. A likely consequence of this is an erosion in thermal efficiency of the Leap, yielding a double-digit improvement maintenance cost advantage, at least relative to the single-stage in fuel efficiency with a conventional architecture for a narrowbody CFM56 versus the two-stage V2500. However, CFM believes it can . offset the higher cost of maintaining two sets of turbine stages by using materials that have to be replaced less frequently. If the Leap architecture is intended to optimise the thermal efficiency of the engine, P&W’s PW1100G is mostly aimed at EVOLVING MATERIALS improving propulsive efficiency. There are generally two airflows in Materials are another matter of dispute and have been evolving as a turbofan engine – one that travels through the core of the engine temperatures inside the gas turbine core have grown hotter. By and one which bypasses the core. The former is used mainly to the late 1960s, exhaust gases had grown hot enough to melt metal drive the engine, although a small amount generates thrust. The in the turbine stages. Engine manufacturers responded by latter, or bypass airflow, generates the majority of thrust. hollowing the turbine stages and extracting cooler air from upstream of the combustor to keep the blades just cool enough to A simple way to make the engine more efficient in generating thrust is prevent melting. But CFM co-owner GE wants to eventually to increase the amount of airflow that bypasses the engine core, or eliminate the cooling flow, thus preserving energy. The answer is the . The only way to increase the bypass flow is to switching to new materials that can survive hotter temperatures enlarge the diameter of the inlet fan, which is connected by a shaft to and are, ideally, lighter. its power sources in the low-pressure turbine. In a conventional engine architecture such as the Leap, the low-pressure turbine and Since the mid-1980s, the aviation industry has been working to inlet fan rotate at the same speed. As the inlet fan diameter widens, introduce ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). It has taken three the tips of the blades spin faster than the speed of sound, reducing decades to invent ways to affordably mass produce CMCs and efficiency, and causing noise and vibration problems. overcome challenges such as thermal shock, in which the material shatters after exposure to extreme fluctuations in air temperature, Instead, P&W introduces a reduction gear on the shaft that decouples such as an in-flight engine shutdown. However, CFM believes the rotation speed of the high-pressure turbine and the inlet fan, CMCs have finally reached the point where they can be reliably allowing the latter to spin at one-third the speed of the former. As a and affordably used in a non-moving component of the high- result, the PW1100G has a bypass ratio of 12:1, twice the 6:1 ratio of pressure turbine – the shroud which covers the blades in the first the V2500. The reduction gear also reduces the load on the low- stage of the high-pressure turbine. pressure turbine. The job of spinning the inlet fan and booster stages on the CFM Leap requires seven stages in the low-pressure turbine. The Leap also features a compressor section more advanced The PW1100G inlet fan is 10cm (4in) wider than the Leap-1A, but than in any previous GE aircraft engine. The GEnx for the Boeing uses only three stages in the low-pressure turbine.

FleetWatch

FleetWatch monthly data Every month, Flightglobal Insight provides a FREE fleet order analysis which is a condensed version of the montlhy data available to Flightglobal Pro subscribers. Our FleetWatch articles provide you with a brief overview of commercial aircraft orders by customer, market group and aircraft type.

Find out more www.flightglobal.com/fleetwatch

10 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 11 commercial engines 2013

Regional jets

The next generation E-Jet gives Embraer an aircraft with it been done earlier, Embraer “could have prevented the MRJ getting its new engine technology. But with service entry not foot in the door at all”. expected for at least five years, the effect of its arrival into the regional market is still up for debate. “Mitsubishi has no track record of selling, supporting or financing jets. That represents a certain degree of risk for customers,” he says. Prior to Embraer’s decision to re-engine the E-Jet, Bombardier and Mitsubishi were sitting pretty in a market where the dominant player no Naturally, the Japanese manufacturer has a different view. Its vice- longer had a product that could effectively compete with newer rivals. president of business planning, Hank Iwasa, says: “We’re confident that the newly-developed MRJ will have a lot of technological advantages, Embraer has established itself as the market leader in the large regional and is designed to extract the best GTF engine performance against the jet sector, delivering more than 940 E-Jets over the last decade and [re-engined] E-Jet even if Embraer revamps their existing E-Jet system.” holding a backlog for some 220 more. However it has faced a growing He says the advantage of the MRJ is not only based on the GTF engine, threat from the Canadian and Japanese manufacturers. Powered by the but that the aircraft also geared turbofan technology from Pratt & Whitney, the efficiency gains incorporates next- top five regional customers 2012 offered by the all-new Bombardier CSeries and Mitsubishi MRJ regional jet generation engineering Rank Operator Deliveries have seen them take both orders and market share from Embraer. technology and an 1 Azul 27 2 Cityliner 13 aerodynamic design 3 Southern Airlines 10 After evaluating an all-new five abreast design, Embraer decided last that “sets it apart from 4 9 year to go down the re-engining route. Subject to a formal decision the competitors”. 5= CityLine 8 expected by mid-year, it will replace the E-Jet’s General Electric CF34s 5= Aeromexico Connect 8 with the same GTF technology that its rivals have (and introduce other STIFF 5= SpiceJet 8 improvements), levelling the playing field. COMPETITION 5= 8 Bombardier, whose total number 2012 deliveries: 224 Along with other revisions such as a new design, Embraer says its CS100 version of the NOTE: Data for ATR, Bombardier, Embraer and Sukhoi. Excludes corporate and military operators. re-engined twinjets will benefit from a double-digit improvement in fuel CSeries has 108-125 SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online burn, maintenance costs, emissions and external noise over the current seats depending on Fleets. E-Jet. A stretched derivative is also being studied. configuration, competes 2012 REGIONALregional AIRCRAFTaircraft DELIVERIESdeliveries with the two largest Entry into service is scheduled for 2018-19, around four to five years after E-Jets, the 114-seat Jet 96 128 the CS100 in 2014, and around three to four years after the MRJ, but E-190 and 124-seat aerospace consultant Richard Aboulafia of Teal Group believes Embraer E-195. Its big brother, will swiftly make up for lost ground. the 130-160-seat CS300, competes In the case of Mitsubishi, whose 70-seat MRJ70 and 90-seat MRJ90 more with the smaller aircraft will compete with the re-engined E-175 and E-190 respectively, variants of Airbus and Total delieveries: 224 he says delays are “eating further into the advantage they had over Boeing’s A320 and 737 NOTES: Data for ATR, Bombardier, Embraer and Sukhoi. Embraer”. The MRJ was originally expected to enter flight testing in late Excludes corporate and military operators families. So Bombardier SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online database 2011, but that was delayed to the second quarter of 2012 and again, to has a product that REGIONALregional AIRCRAFTaircraft BACKLOG backlog late 2013. Nothing more is known about service entry, other than it is straddles the regional Mitsubishi scheduled, for the time being, for some time in 2015. and mainline aircraft Embraer Sukhoi 16% 14% 14% markets. Aboulafia believes that Embraer’s decision to re-engine the E-Jet will prove the industry’s real appetite for the MRJ. “Getting into the market If Embraer goes ahead was impressive, but since they were the only guy with the new generation with a re-engined of engines, they had a relatively easy job. This is a different story…. We’ll E-195 stretch that can Comac** ATR 11% see how much more traction they’ll get,” he says. seat around 130 18% Bombardier* 26% Total backlog: 1,172 passengers, it could NOTES: *Bombardier's backlog includes CSeries. **Comac ARJ21. In his view, the re-engining was announced later than necessary and had impact the Canadian Data at 31 December 2012, exludes corporate and military operators SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online database

10 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 11 commercial engines 2013

E-JETe-jet BACKLOGbacklog BYby DELIVERY delivery YEAR year manufacturer’s aspirations in the regional marketplace, says Aboulafia. If develop the only the E-195 stretch happens, he does not envisage Bombardier winning aircraft specifically 80 many more sales for the CS100 beyond those it has already achieved. designed for the 100- 70 to 149-seat market “In the 110-seat zone, the CSeries is living on borrowed time,” he says. segment with 60

Aboulafia adds that while some customers will require the additional unbeatable 50 range that the CS100 would likely offer over a re-engined stretch E-195, economics and 40 most will opt for the E-Jet, which will be a cheaper aircraft that also costs passenger comfort,” 30 less to operate. he says. Poutissou also points out that 20

However, Rob Morris, a senior aviation analyst with Flightglobal Advisory “the CS100 aircraft is 10 Service Ascend, says “it’s one thing saying we’re going to put a GTF on, the only five-abreast 0 but what is important is the variant and how optimised it is for the design narrowbody 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 of the aircraft”. He says the CS100 is a new design targeted at a market, compared to the SOURCE: Flightglobal’s Ascend Online database while its E-Jet rival would be a stretch version. He adds that not enough is competition’s four- backlog COMPARISON known about the GTF engines to be used on the new E-Jets to say abreast smaller Aircraft type Backlog whether they will be properly optimised. cabin”. Embraer E-Jet 223 Bombardier CSeries 175 “In a sense, right now if you look at the variants of the GTF that are being While it might be too Mitsubishi MRJ 165 developed, you’ve got one that is being developed for the CSeries and a early to assess in Grand Total 563 Source: Flightglobal’s Ascend Online Fleets different engine being developed for the MRJ,” he says. “That’s effectively detail the impact of engines developed for the 110-130 seat market and the 70-90 seat Embraer’s re- market… but when the E-Jet comes along, we need to understand engining decision on Bombardier’s CS100, Morris believes it does raise whether the engines for each product, the E-175 and the E-190/195, are serious questions over the existing E-Jet family. common or different and how optimised they are.” “If you look at the history of re-engining projects, inevitably after a couple As such, Morris feels it’s “quite early to understand just how the E-Jet will of years of the entry into service of the new engine variant, the old engine stack up in competitive terms”. variant ends production,” he says.

Bombardier’s vice-president of marketing for the commercial aircraft Morris says that if the market proposition of the new E-Jet is correct, “it’s division, Philippe Poutissou, also says that a newly-designed aircraft hard to see any logic in the older variant remaining in production”. will be superior in a number of areas to “a new engine on an in- However he says it is a surprise “that there’s such a gap between production airframe”. potential launch and first delivery” of the new E-Jet, with a relatively large intervening period. “If you look at their backlog, it’s just over a couple of “The CSeries aircraft clean-slate approach means that we are able to hundred airplanes. At current production rates they’ve only got two years HOW THE RIVALS COMPARE

Aircraft type Service entry List price3 Passengers Engine Range (nm) MTOW (t)3 Cabin Backlog (delivered) Bombardier CS100 Mid 2014 $62m 100-125 P&W PW1000G 2,950 54.9 5 abreast 61 (0) Bombardier CS300 End 2014 $76m 130-160 P&W PW1000G 2,950 54.9 5 abreast 114 (0) Embraer E-1701 March 2004 $38m 70-78 GE CF34-8E 2,100 37.2 4 abreast 10 (186) Embraer E-1751 July 2005 $41m 78-88 GE CF34-8E 2,000 37.7 4 abreast 82 (164) Embraer E-1901 Sept 2005 $45m 98-114 GE CF34-10E 2,400 50.3 4 abreast 105 (472) Embraer E-1951 Sept 2006 $48m 108-124 GE CF34-10E 2,200 48.8 4 abreast 26 (116) Embraer re-engined E-175 2018 TBA 78-88 P&W PW1000G – – 4 abreast – Embraer re-engined E-190 2018 TBA 98-114 P&W PW1000G – – 4 abreast – Embraer re-engined E-195 TBA TBA 108-124 P&W PW1000G – – 4 abreast – Embraer re-engined E-195 stretch TBA TBA 116-1322 P&W PW1000G – – 4 abreast – Mitsubishi MRJ90 2015 $42m 86-96 P&W PW1000G 1,790 39.6 4 abreast 165 (0) April 2011 $35m 72-98 PowerJet SaM146 2,470 45.9 5 abreast 165 (15) SOURCE: Ascend Online Fleets and other sources NOTE: 1 Embraer is introducing a package of upgrades which aims to deliver a 5% improvement in efficiency 2 Estimated figure3 Figures based on highest weight/longest-range versions

12 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 13 commercial engines 2013

2012 REGIONALregional AIRCRAFTaircraft DELIVERIES deliveries BY by CA categoryTEGORY of production in the bank, but they’ve got four-

and-a-half years in between now and the new 80 78 Regional jet total: 128 product,” he says. 70 Turboprop total: 96 63 Total deliveries: 224 60 Embraer’s strategy to deal with this gap became 51 clear in February when it announced a mid-life 50 update of the E-Jet design. The aerodynamic 40

makeover, including redesigned winglets and a 30 longer wingspan, will result in an approximate 20 19 5% reduction in fuel burn. ’ 11 10 regional partner Republic Airways will be the first 2 to receive the new E-Jet in 2014. The update is 0 Asia-Pacific Latin America North America referred to as “E-Jet with improvements”. NOTES: Data for ATR, Bombardier, Embraer and Sukhoi. Excludes corporate and military operators. SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online database too much choice 2012 REGIONALregional AIRCRAFTaircraft DELIVERIES deliveries BY by MANUFACTURER manufacturer Another aircraft for airlines to assess when 80 78 making their fleet planning decisions could well Sukhoi: 8 70 Embraer total: 106 prove too much competition for Chinese 63 Bombardier total: 50 manufacturer Comac’s ARJ21, which might not 60 ATR total: 60 51 Total deliveries: 224 even be invited for evaluation. Morris says the 50

ARJ21 is “clearly a product to prove the Chinese 40 can build and certificate a ”. As such, 30 he says, “it’s hard to see any additional sales 19 outside China, beside those already made”. 20 11 10 2 With the attention and resources of regional 0 manufacturers concentrated on GTF aircraft, Europe Asia-Pacific Latin America Africa North America Middle East NOTES: Data for ATR, Bombardier, Embraer and Sukhoi. Excludes corporate and military operators Aboulafia says the possibility of a big turboprop SOURCE: Flightglobal Insight analysis using Ascend Online database aircraft “is an afterthought”, while he feels “they [manufacturers] should be prioritising… which is too bad as I think there’s a market”. GECAS accounts for 10.2% of the total E-Jet family fleet, 13.3% of the stored base and 3.6% of outstanding orders, according to Flightglobal’s When making fleet planning decisions, Aboulafia says, airlines “will go for Ascend Online database. The lessor also holds 13% of all E-Jet options. the guy that offers the total package, good track record of product support and new-generation engines”. “This is significant considering these figures exclude any financing or leases done by the General Electric group,” says Bert van Leeuwen, DVB However Embraer’s switch to P&W for its second-generation E-Jet Bank’s managing director of aviation research. breaks the link with GE and will likely result in less financial support from GE Capital Aviation Services. Despite this, Aboulafia feels Embraer’s decision to re-engine the E-Jet will see it improve its position in the regional marketplace. “It’s Embraer’s GECAS, which is 100% owned by General Electric, is the world’s largest market to lose. They’ve finally realised what to do and if they play their aircraft lessor and the majority of aircraft in the lessor’s portfolio and order cards right, they’re likely heading for around a 70% share of the regional book are equipped with GE powerplants. jet market,” he says.

12 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 13 Aircraft finance newsletter

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Flightglobal Insight | 15 commercial engines 2013

At a glance Commercial engines: manufacturer market share

& cis MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES europe CFM International 421 842 MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES Aviadvigatel 201 651 CFM International 2,440 5,070 North america Ivchenko Progress 162 473 General Electric 838 1,903 MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES General Electric 143 335 Rolls-Royce 547 1,350 General Electric 1,929 4,098 Rolls-Royce 71 160 International Aero Engines 486 972 CFM International 1,918 3,836 Other 117 259 Pratt & Whitney 168 373 Pratt & Whitney 1,217 2,683 Other 152 567 Rolls-Royce 1,040 2,080 middle east MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES International Aero Engines 516 1,032 General Electric 337 706 Other 5 12 CFM International 227 484 africa Rolls-Royce 185 427 MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES Pratt & Whitney 108 216 CFM International 345 728 International Aero Engines 91 232 General Electric 134 272 south america Other 72 270 Pratt & Whitney 114 263 MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES Rolls-Royce 81 182 CFM International 558 1,148 asia-pacific International Aero Engines 39 78 General Electric 249 500 MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES Other 62 223 International Aero Engines 218 436 CFM International 2,460 5,000 Pratt & Whitney 161 354 International Aero Engines 836 1,672 Rolls-Royce 71 142 General Electric 775 1,796 Other 25 89 Rolls-Royce 603 1,400 Pratt & Whitney 430 1,103 Other 54 190

Other (2.520) International Aero Other world commercial aircraft Engines 6% (4,468) CFM International MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES 10% (17,108) International Aero Engines CFM International 8,369 17,108 Pratt & Whitney General Electric 4,405 9,610 (5,160) 12% 38% Pratt & Whitney Rolls-Royce 2,598 5,741 Pratt & Whitney 2,250 5,160 Rolls-Royce International Aero Engines 2,234 4,468 13% Other 750 2,520 General Electric Rolls-Royce TOTAL 20,606 44,607 (5,741) 22% CFM International

General Electric (9,610)

NOTE: Information for active commercial aircraft in operation with airlines. Information includes narrowbody, widebody, regional and Russian jets in passenger, freighter, combi and quick change roles. CIS countries include , , , , , , and . SOURCE: ACAS database (May 2013).

Flightglobal Insight | 15 commercial engines 2013

Engine market share by market group

commercial narrowbody aircraft commercial widebody aircraft commercial regional jets MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES MANUFACTURER AIRCRAFT ENGINES CFM International 8,185 16,372 General Electric 2,188 5,176 General Electric 2,217 4,434 International Aero Engines 2,234 4,468 Rolls-Royce 1,018 2,581 Rolls-Royce 935 1,870 Pratt & Whitney 1,257 2,665 Pratt & Whitney 993 2,495 Lycoming 97 388 Rolls-Royce 644 1,288 CFM International 184 736 83 332 TOTAL 12,320 24,793 Engine Alliance 47 188 Pratt & Whitney Canada 18 36 TOTAL 4,430 11,176 Powerjet 13 26 TOTAL 3,363 7,086

Pratt & Whitney Engine Alliance Canada (188) 2% (36) 1% Powerjet Rolls-Royce CFM International Honeyell (736) (26) 0.4% (1,288) (332) Lycoming Pratt & Whitney Rolls-Royce EA 5% (388) (2,665) 7% 5% General Electric 5% 11% Pratt & Whitney Pratt & Whitney (5,176) CFM pwc (2,495)

22%International Aero Engines Rolls-Royce P&W honeywell International (1,870) 26% Aero Engines 18% 46% (4,468) CFM International R-R lycoming 66% 63% GE rr 23% General Electric CFM International (4,434) GE (16,372) Rolls-Royce (2,581)

NOTE: Information for active commercial aircraft in operation with airlines. SOURCE: ACAS database (May 2013).

16 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 17 commercial engines 2013

Engine options by commercial aircraft

AIRBUS Aircraft type Number of engines Engine option 1 Engine option 2 Engine option 3 A300* 2 CF6 PW4000 JT9D A310* 2 CF6 PW4000 JT9D A318 2 CFM56 PW6000 A319/A320/A321 2 CFM56 V2500 A319neo/A320neo/A321neo 2 Leap PW1000G A330 2 CF6 PW4000 Trent 700 A340-200/300* 4 CFM56 A340-500/600* 4 Trent 500 A350 2 Trent XWB A380 4 GP7200 Trent 900 bae systems Aircraft type Number of engines Engine option 1 Engine option 2 BAe 146* 4 ALF502 LF507 Avro RJ* 4 LF507 boeing Aircraft type Number of engines Engine option 1 Engine option 2 Engine option 3 727* 3 JT8D Tay 737-200* 2 JT8D 737-300/400/500* 2 CFM56 737NG (-600/700/800/900) 2 CFM56 737 Max (-7/8/9) 2 Leap 747-100/SP* 4 JT9D RB211 747-200/300* 4 CF6 JT9D RB211 747-400* 4 CF6 PW4000 RB211 747-8 4 GEnx 767-200/300* 2 CF6 PW4000 JT9D 767-200ER/400ER* 2 CF6 PW4000 767-300ER/300F 2 CF6 PW4000 RB211 777-200/200ER/300 2 GE90 PW4000 Trent 800 777-200LR/300ER/F 2 GE90 787 Dreamliner 2 GEnx Trent 1000 DC-8* 4 JT3D JT4A DC-9* 2 JT8D DC-10* 3 CF6 JT9D MD-11* 3 CF6 PW4000 MD-80* 2 JT8D MD-90* 2 V2500

16 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 17 commercial engines 2013

BOMBARDIER Aircraft type Number of engines Engine CSeries 2 PW1000G CRJ (all variants) 2 CF34 COMAC Aircraft type Number of engines Engine C919 2 Leap ARJ21 2 CF34 EMBRAER Aircraft type Number of engines Engine E-170/175/190/195 2 CF34 ERJ 145 family 2 AE 3007 E-Jet “G2” family 2 PW1000G fokker Aircraft type Number of engines Engine F28* 2 Spey Fokker 70/100* 2 Tay ilyushin Aircraft type Number of engines Engine option 1 Engine option 2 II-96 2 PS-90 PW2000 iRKUT Aircraft type Number of engines Engine option 1 Engine option 2 MS-21 2 PD-14 PW1000G LOCKHEED Aircraft type Number of engines Engine L-1011* 2 RB211 MITSUBISHI REGIONAL JET Aircraft type Number of engines Engine MRJ70/90 2 PW1000G SUKHOI Aircraft type Number of engines Engine Superjet 100 2 SaM146 tupolev Aircraft type Number of engines Engine option 1 Engine option 2 Tu-204 2 PS-90 RB211

NOTE: Aircraft listed are narrowbody, widebody and regional jets currently in service and/or in development, in a commercial role. * Aircraft no longer in production.

18 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 19 commercial engines 2013

Commercial engine comparison

Aviadvigatel PD14 Thrust 28,000-34,000 lb Diameter 190 cm Weight 2,770-2,850 kg Service entry due in 2016 Aircraft MS-21

CFM International CFM56 Thrust 18,500-34,000 lb Length 250 cm Diameter 155-175 cm Weight 2,360 kg Service entry 1982 Aircraft 737 family, A320 family, A340, DC-8

LEAP Thrust ~30,000 lb Diameter 190.5 cm Service entry due in 2015 Aircraft 737 Max, A320neo, C919

Engine Alliance GP7200 Thrust 70,000-81,500 lb Length 475 cm Diameter 316 cm Weight 6,725 kg Service entry 2008 Aircraft A380

General Electric CF34 Thrust 9,220-20,000 lb Length 260-368 cm Diameter 124-145 cm Service entry 1992 Aircraft ARJ21, CRJ, E-Jet

18 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 19 commercial engines 2013

CF6 Thrust 40,000-72,000 lb Length 424-477 cm Diameter 266-289 cm Weight 4,067-4,104 kg Service entry 1971 Aircraft A300, A310, 747, 767, DC-10, MD-11

GE90 Thrust 76,000-115,000 lb Length 729 cm Diameter 312-325 cm Weight 7,550-8283 kg Service entry 1995 Aircraft 777

GEnx Thrust 53,000-75,000 lb Length 430-470 cm Diameter 265-280 cm Weight 5,816 kg Service entry 2011 Aircraft 747-8, 787

IAE V2500 Thrust 22,000-33,000 lb Length 320 cm Diameter 160 cm Weight 2,359 kg Service entry 1989 Aircraft A319, A320, A321, MD-90

Powerjet SaM146 Thrust 15,400-17,800 lb Length 220 cm Diameter 122 cm Weight 4,980 lb Service entry 2011 Aircraft Superjet 100

20 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 21 commercial engines 2013

Pratt & Whitney JT8D Thrust 14,000-21,700 lb Length 304-391 cm Diameter 101-125 cm Service entry 1964 Aircraft 727, 737-100/200, DC-9, MD-80

JT9D Thrust 45,800-56,000 lb Length 325-355 cm Diameter 235 cm Service entry 1970 Aircraft A300, A310, 747, 767, DC-10

PW2000 Thrust 37,000-43,000 lb Length 360 cm Diameter 200 cm Service entry 1984 Aircraft 757, Il-96M

PW4000 Thrust 52,000-90,000 lb Length 414 cm Diameter 240-255 cm Service entry 1987 Aircraft A300, A310, A330, 747, 767, 777, MD-11

PW6000 Thrust 18,000-24,000 lb Length 275 cm Diameter 145 cm Weight 2,245 kg Service entry 2007 Aircraft A318

PW1000G Thrust 15,000-32,000 lb Diameter 140-210 cm Service entry 2013 (expected) Aircraft A320neo, CSeries, MRJ, MS-21

20 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 21 commercial engines 2013

Rolls-Royce AE 3007 Thrust 6,495-8,917 lb Length 270 cm Diameter 98 cm Weight 720 kg Service entry 1995 Aircraft ERJ-145 family

BR700 Thrust 14,750-21,000 lb Length 340-373 cm Diameter 121-147 cm Weight 1,632-2,792 kg Service entry 1994 Aircraft 717

RB211 Thrust 7,264-9,874 lb Length 300-320 cm Diameter 188-220 cm Weight 3,300-4,490 kg Service entry 1972 Aircraft 747, 757, 767, L-1011, Tu-204

Tay Thrust 13,850-15,100 lb Length 238 cm Diameter 114 cm Weight 1,501 kg Service entry 1984 Aircraft Fokker 70/100

Trent Thrust 53,000-115,000 lb Length 390-455 cm Diameter 250-455 cm Weight 4,700-6,550 kg Service entry 1995 Aircraft A330, A340, A350, A380, 777, 787

NOTE: Engines listed are currently in production and or in service for commercial narrowbody, widebody and regional aircraft.

22 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 23 commercial engines 2013

commercial engines Overview by engine manufacturer & type

CFM INTERNATIONAL

CFM International is a 50:50 joint venture between General Electric and Snecma (Safran), founded in 1974. The company is most famous for building CFM56 turbofans, an engine that now powers more than 10,000 commercial and military aircraft including the Airbus A320 and Boeing 737 families. More than 25,000 CFM56s have been built since its introduction to the market in 1982.

The CFM56 core engine is derived from the F-100 turbofan, developed by General Electric for military applications. The CFM56 first ran at the company’s Evendale plant on 20 June 1974 and the first production models, installed in a re-engined DC-8-70 airframe, entered service inApril 1982.

General Electric is responsible for design integration, the core engine and the main engine control of the CFM56, while Snecma is responsible for the low-pressure system, gearbox, accessory integration and engine installation.

CFM56

The CFM56 was first contracted to re-engine DC-8s, With more than 600 737s in its fleet in 2013, Southwest military 707s and Boeing C-135s. It has a thrust Airlines is the carrier with the largest number of CFM56- range of 18,500-34,000lb-thrust and first ran in 1974. powered aircraft in the world. It is now one of the most common turbofan aircraft engines in the world. Ryanair’s 737-only fleet consists of a total of 303 aircraft, while ’ in-service fleet of more than 700 In the early 1980s, Boeing selected the CFM56 to exclusively aircraft includes 243 737s. EasyJet is the operator with the power its latest 737-300 variant, what is now called the 737 largest number of CFM56-fitted Airbus aircraft, with a fleet of Classic. The CFM56 was first delivered on the Boeing 737 in 188 A320s in service. 1984 and has powered all versions of the 737 since.

CFM56 The CFM56 was first delivered on the Airbus A320 in 1988 Thrust 18,500-34,000 lb and powers all models of the A320 family, including the A318, A319, A320, A321, as well Length 250 cm as A340-200 and A340-300 aircraft. Diameter 155-175 cm The CFM56 is the most widely-used Weight 2,360 kg engine on commercial narrowbodies, Service entry 1982 with a current market share of more Aircraft 737 family, A320 family, A340, DC-8 than 65%.

22 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 23 commercial engines 2013

LEAP

The Leap turbofan is the successor to the CFM56 line, which The Leap-1A is one of CFM has been working on since 1999. Leap (Leading Edge two engine options for Aviation Propulsion) technology draws on developments the Airbus A320neo, made in previous years by GE and Snecma with engines due to enter service such as the GE90 and GEnx. in 2015. In December 2010, Launched at the 2005 as a possible CFM56 ordered 30 re-engined replacement, the Leap programme was at that time intended A320neo aircraft, to supply the next generation of turbofans for all-new single- the first airline to do so. Since its launch, the aircraft has aisle aircraft by Airbus and Boeing. At that time, a few received more than 2,000 orders, making it the fastest- industry players expected a replacement for the A320 or 737 selling commercial aircraft in history. The A320neo backlog to appear before 2020. stood at 2,083 in May 2013, with 693 to be equipped with the Leap-1A and 778 still undecided. Over the next six years, the single-aisle market evolved rapidly. A competitor, Pratt & Whitney, introduced a new The Leap-1B engine is exclusive to the Boeing 737 Max. innovation in propulsion called a fan-drive system, the In December 2011, became the launch Chinese entered the market with a new single-aisle airframe customer for the re-engined narrowbody, placing a firm order and Airbus and Boeing deferred plans for an all-new single- for 150 737 Max aircraft. At $19 billion at list prices, this was aisle. Instead, the US and European airframers settled for the largest firm order in Boeing’s history. The Dallas-based re-engining and updating their products within this decade. airline, which was also the launch customer for both the and 737 Next Generation series, will The Leap is the only engine on all three narrowbodies in take delivery of its first 737 Max in 2017. development with at least 160 seats (Airbus A320neo, Boeing 737 Max and Comac C919). The first Leap-1A is AirAsia stood as the leading customer as of May 2013 with scheduled to be assembled in August 2013 and be ready for an order backlog of 264 aircraft followed by with testing by the end of September. 201. The other significant customers for the 737 Max include American Airlines, Norwegian and United Airlines. The firm The Leap fan will have a 198cm diameter for the Airbus backlog for the aircraft stood at 1,285 in May 2013. A320neo and Comac C919 and 175cm diameter for the Boeing 737 Max. All Leap fans will have 18 blades, The Leap-1C has been chosen by China’s Comac as the significantly less than the CFM56-B’s 36 titanium blades and exclusive powerplant for its C919, a 168-190 passenger the CFM56-7B’s 24 blades. Combined with a new lighter fan single-aisle twinjet. It will be the largest commercial airliner containment structure, total weight savings will be 455kg per ever to be designed and built in China. In October 2011, aircraft compared with a same-sized fan using metal blades Chinese lessor ICBC Leasing announced an order for 45 and case. C919s, as well as an agreement to be the launch customer for the aircraft. The C919’s first flight is expected to take The Leap engine will be the first commercial turbofan to place in 2014, with initial deliveries scheduled for 2016. The incorporate ceramic matrix composites, which are installed C919 order backlog stood at 275 aircraft in May 2013. as the shroud encasing the first stage of the high-pressure turbine. CMCs are a lightweight material that can survive Accompanying the Leap-1C engine is an integrated temperatures that would cause even actively-cooled metal propulsion system (IPS) built by , a joint venture blades to melt. between GE and Safran.

Operators can expect 15% fuel burn improvements compared LEAP with the CFM56 engines currently in production. Noise levels Thrust 24,500-32,900 lb will also be cut in half and NOx levels will meet CAEP/6 Diameter 175-198 cm requirements with a 50% margin. These improvements will Service entry due in 2015 not sacrifice the reliability and maintenance costs of the Aircraft 737 Max, A320neo, C919 CFM56.

24 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 25 commercial engines 2013

ENGINE ALLIANCE

Engine Alliance is a 50:50 joint venture between General Electric and Pratt & Whitney which was formed in August 1996 to develop, manufacture, sell and support a family of engines for new high- capacity, long-range aircraft.

In mid-1996, Boeing announced it was beginning development of new growth derivatives of the 747, the 747-500/600. Neither GE Aircraft Engines nor Pratt & Whitney had engines in their own product lines in the necessary 70,000-85,000lb-thrust range. Each company had independently forecast worldwide demand for aircraft in this market segment, and had determined that it might not be large enough to justify the approximate $1 billion expense of developing a new centerline engine. A joint venture between these otherwise aggressive competitors seemed the logical solution and so, on 28 August 1996, GE and Pratt & Whitney established the joint venture company GE-P&W Engine Alliance, to develop the GP7000 engine.

The idea was to use the core competencies of each parent company to design, develop, certify and manufacture a state-of-the-art high bypass turbofan engine for 450-seat and larger four-engined aircraft. Boeing later shelved its immediate plans for a growth 747 version while Airbus began to consider development of an aircraft called the A3XX, planned as the largest-ever commercial transport aircraft.

Airbus approached Engine Alliance about powering the new airplane, and received preliminary development support in the form of various GP7000 engine designs for the A3XX between 1998 and 2000. Airbus made the commercial relationship official on 19 December 2000 with the launch of the A380 programme, and on 19 May 2001, the GP7000 programme was fully established when Air selected the GP7270 to power the 10 A380-800 passenger aircraft it had on order.

GP7200

The main application for Engine Alliance’s first engine was originally the -500/600X projects, before these were cancelled as a result of a lack of demand from airlines.

The GP7000 family is derived from the GE90 and PW4000 series. It is built on the GE90 core and the PW4000 low spool heritage.

The GP7200 engine was brought into service on the in August 2008 by . The GP7200 is one of the two engine options for this aircraft and was designed GP7200 specifically for it. Thrust 70,000-81,500 lb

The GP7200 engine is certificated at 76,500lb-thrust and Length 475 cm 81,500lb-thrust. Diameter 316 cm Weight 6,725 kg In May 2013, a total of 103 A380s were in service, of which Service entry 2008 45 were powered by the GP7200, while the order backlog Aircraft A380 stood at 159 aircraft, with 87 assigned to the GP7200.

24 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 25 commercial engines 2013

GENERAL ELECTRIC

General Electric’s aerospace division, GE Aviation, is part of GE Technology Infrastructure – itself part of the conglomerate General Electric. GE Aviation operated under the name of General Electric Aircraft Engines (GEAE) until September 2005.

The General Electric Company built its first turbine engine in 1941 when it began development of Whittle-type under a technical exchange arrangement between the British and American governments. GE’s first entry into the civil engine market was in the late 1950s, with a commercial version of the J79 designated CJ805. In 1967, GE announced the development of the CF6 high- bypass turbofan for future widebody airliners.

GE’s presence in the widebody engine market has expanded steadily since the early 1970s, and the manufacturer’s engines now power the largest proportion of the world’s active commercial widebody fleet, with a share of 46%, and regional aircraft, with a 62% share.

CF34 CF6

The CF34 turbofan is a derivative of the GE TF34 which The CF6 engine entered the commercial widebody market powers the US Air Force A-10 and US Navy S-3A. The in 1971 on the DC-10. CF34 is installed on regional jets including the Bombardier CRJ series, the Bombardier Challenger, the Embraer The CF6 is currently in service on the 747, 767, A300, A310, E-Jets and the Chinese Comac ARJ21, which is currently A330 and MD-11. The CF6-80C2 (military designation: under development. F103) was selected to re-engine the C-5 RERP.

The CF34 was first used on business jets in 1983 and on There are five models of the CF6: CF6-6, CF6-50, regional jets in 1992. CF6-80A, CF6-80C2 and CF6-80E1. The first model, the CF6-6, was developed with 40,000lb-thrust, while the newest Since the first CF34-3A1 engine entered service in CF6-80E1 model, designed specifically for the Airbus A330, 1992, its dispatch reliability rate has remained at produces 72,000lb-thrust. 99.95%, with more than 80 million flight hours and 65 million cycles completed. The engine family has completed over 325 million flight hours with There are three models of the CF34 engine: CF34-3, CF34- more than 260 customers since 8 and the latest CF34-10. it entered commercial revenue service. As of May 2013, there were more than 2,200 CF34- More than 1,400 CF6-powered powered active commercial airliners are still active. aircraft worldwide. CF6 CF34 Thrust 40,000-72,000 lb Thrust 9,220-20,360 lb Length 424-477 cm Length 260-368 cm Diameter 266-289 cm Diameter 124-145 cm Weight 4,067-4,104 kg Service entry 1992 Service entry 1971 Aircraft ARJ21, CRJ, E-Jet Aircraft A300, A310, 747, 767, DC-10, MD-11

26 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 27 commercial engines 2013

GE90 GEnx

The GE90 turbofan series is The GEnx (General Electric Next-generation) is the successor physically the largest engine in to the CF6 and is based on the GE90’s architecture. aviation history. It was specifically designed for the The GEnx is intended to replace the CF6 in GE’s production and was introduced into service line and will deliver 15% better specific fuel consumption in November 1995 with British than the engines it replaces. Airways. It was originally certificated at 84,700lb-thrust. It is designed to stay on wing 30% longer while using 30% fewer parts, greatly reducing maintenance time and cost. The engine comes in two models: the GE90-94B and GE90- The GEnx’s emissions are expected to be as much as 95% 115B. Snecma of France, Avio of and IHI of Japan are below regulatory limits. participants in the GE90 development programme. The GEnx is an option on the Boeing 787 and is exclusively The latest Boeing 777 variants – the -200LR/300ER and 777F used to power the 747-8. – are exclusively powered by the GE90-115B. It has a fan diameter of 325cm and, with a nominal rating of 115,000lb- GE is in partnership with Pratt & Whitney through the thrust, is the most powerful aircraft engine in the world. Engine Alliance, which is responsible for the GP7200 engine designed for the Airbus A380. GE is also a partner with On 10 November 2005, the GE90-110B1 powered a 777- Snecma in CFM International. 200LR during the world’s longest flight by a commercial airliner. The aircraft flew 21,601km in 22h 42min, flying There are two models of the GEnx: the GEnx-1B (used on from to over the Pacific, then over the the 787-8 and 787-9) and the GEnx-2B (used on the 747-8 continental US, and finally over the Atlantic to London. Intercontinental and Freighter).

In March 2013, Boeing announced that it had selected the In October 2011, was the first customer to receive GE9X to exclusively power the 777X to extend the engine a GEnx-powered aircraft, fitted to its 747-8. As of May 2013, maker’s propulsion monopoly to the next generation of the there were 37 GEnx-powered 747-8s in service. widebody type. The 777X is expected to compete with the -900 and A350-1000 over a wide span of the From 16 January to the end market, stretching from about 330 seats to more than 400, of April 2013, the global 787 and offering ultra-long range. fleet was grounded following battery failures. GE’s preliminary development plan for the GE9X calls for certification in May 2018 on a common core, with a slightly Of the 50 787s that were still more than 100,000lb-thrust variant to power the 777-9X, a parked at the end of April, a roughly 90,000lb-thrust variant to power the smaller 777-8X total of 28 were fitted with and another variant to power the ultra-long-range 777-8LX. GEnx engines.

In May 2013, a total of 693 GE90-powered 777s were in In May 2013, the GEnx order backlog stood at 370 aircraft service while the order backlog stood at 351. for 787s and 57 for 747-8s.

GE90 GEnx Thrust 76,000-115,000 lb Thrust 53,000-75,000 lb Length 729 cm Length 430-470 cm Diameter 312-325 cm Diameter 265-280 cm Weight 7,550-8283 kg Weight 5,816 kg Service entry 1995 Service entry 2011 Aircraft 777 Aircraft 747-8, 787

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INTERNATIONAL AERO ENGINES

International Aero Engines is a joint venture that was originally set up between Pratt & Whitney, Rolls- Royce, MTU Aero Engines and Japanese Aero Engine Corporation (JAEC). IAE was formed in 1983 to develop an engine for the 150-seat single-aisle market. In October 2011, Rolls-Royce agreed to leave the consortium, making P&W the majority shareholder. The remaining members of IAE have agreed to extend their partnerships to 2045.

V2500

The V2500 powerplant was introduced into service in May 1989 on Airbus A320s operated by . The engine also powers the A319 and A321 variants and the Boeing MD-90.

There are three models of the V2500 engine – the V2500-A1, V2500-A5 and V2500-D5 – and each IAE partner contributes an individual module to the engine’s construction.

Pratt & Whitney provides the combustor and high-pressure turbine, Rolls-Royce the high-pressure compressor, JAEC the fan and low-pressure compressor and MTU the low- pressure turbine. Although IAE promises smaller fuel burn savings than next-generation engines such as the Leap and PW1000G, IAE unveiled the SelectOne performance improvement SelectTwo shows that the joint venture is committed to package for the V2500 in 2005 with launch customer IndiGo, providing support and continued investment in the engine. with which it also signed an aftermarket agreement. The core and low-pressure spool of the two-shaft V2500 The next package of improvements, dubbed SelectTwo, was left untouched by the upgrade. SelectTwo comprises should make its operational debut in the first quarter of 2014. software improvements for the electronic engine control and a new data entry plug. IAE is offering the SelectTwo package as a sales order option on V2500-A5 SelectOne engines, but has not announced a IAE continues to work with its airline customers to define the launch customer. requirements for the SelectThree improvements scheduled for service entry around 2015. The SelectTwo engine should trim fuel burn costs by 0.58% for an Airbus A320 on a 930km leg. This represents savings There are more than 2,200 V2500-powered airliners in service of roughly $4.3 million over a 10-year period for a 10-aircraft around the world, and approximately 800 aircraft in the A320 fleet of A320s completing 2,300 flights per year. family that are on order have been assigned the engine.

V2500 Thrust 22,000-33,000 lb Length 320 cm Diameter 160 cm Weight 2,359 kg Service entry 1989 Aircraft A319, A320, A321, MD-90

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powerjet

PowerJet is a 50:50 joint company which was formed by Snecma of France and NPO Saturn of Russia in July 2004. Snecma and NPO Saturn began to work together in 1997, when Snecma sub-contracted the production of CFM56 engine parts to NPO Saturn. PowerJet is responsible for the development and commercialisation of the SaM146, an engine purpose-designed for regional jets. PowerJet has one operational unit in France and a second in Russia.

SAM146

The SaM146 engine powers the new Sukhoi Superjet 100 family of regional jets. The engine is a complete propulsion system comprising engine, and equipment, featuring a single-stage high-pressure turbine and a high-pressure compressor with a reduced number of stages and parts.

PowerJet is responsible for all aspects of the SaM146 engine programme including the design, production, marketing, sales and services.

Snecma is responsible for the core engine, control systems, (accessory gearbox, transfer gearbox), overall of 31 July 2011, the engine had logged 10,400h of testing, engine integration and flight testing. including 5,700h with a 99% dispatch reliability rate.

NPO Saturn is responsible for the components in the low- Depending on the model (1S15, 1S17 or 1S18), the pressure section and engine installation on the Superjet 100. SaM146 develops between 15,400lb-thrust and 17,800lb- thrust to meet thrust requirements for the 70- to 120-seat The engine underwent its first ground tests in July 2006 regional jet class. The SaM146 meets the most stringent and its first engine flight tests began in December 2007. In environmental standards both in terms of emissions as well May 2008, the first of the SaM146 on the Sukhoi as noise. Superjet 100 was carried out and in May 2010, PowerJet completed all tests required for certification. The first Sukhoi Superjet 100 was delivered to Armenian carrier in April 2011. Russian Airlines has The type certificate for the SaM146 engine was issued by since received the seven others currently in service. the European Aviation Safety Agency in June 2010 and by the Russian certification body in August the same year. As As of May 2013, the order backlog for the Superjet 100 stood at 165. Kartika Airlines and Pearl Aircraft Leasing both had order backlogs of 30 aircraft, followed with 24 while Aeroflot Russian Airlines and had backlogs of20 aircraft each.

SaM146 Thrust 15,400-17,800 lb Length 220 cm Diameter 122 cm Service entry 2011 Aircraft Superjet 100 © Superjet International Superjet ©

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PRATT & WHITNEY

Pratt & Whitney was established in 1925 by as part of and Transport Corporation (which later became known simply as the United Aircraft Corporation, and from 1975 as ). P&W manufactures products widely used in both civil and military aircraft.

P&W began producing commercial jet engines in the late 1950s for the and the Douglas DC- 8, with models including the JT3 and the JT4A. The 727, 737 and DC-9 were later powered by the JT8D. P&W commercial engines have logged more than 1 billion hours of flight powering both the narrowbody and widebody aircraft that fly passengers and cargo around the world. In October 2011, P&W and Rolls-Royce unveiled plans to form a new joint venture for the development of new engines powering future mid-size aircraft in the 120- to 130-seat segment.

JT8D JT9D

There are eight models The JT9D represented P&W’s entry into the high-thrust, in the JT8D family high-bypass ratio engine market. It was developed to power covering a thrust range the Boeing 747, which entered service in 1970. of 14,000lb-thrust to 21,700lb-thrust and The JT9D family of engines comprises three distinct series. powering 727, 737-100/200, MD-80 and DC-9 aircraft. Since The JT9D-7 engine covers the 46,300lb-thrust to 50,000lb- the JT8D was first introduced to commercial aviation in thrust range, and the JT9D-7Q series has a 53,000lb-thrust 1964, more than 11,800 JT8D standard engines have been rating. The later -7R4 series, introduced in 1982, covers the produced. The newer JT8D-200 series entered service in 48,000lb-thrust to 56,000lb-thrust range. These three engine 1980, offering 18,500 to 21,700lb-thrust. It is exclusively types power 747, 767, A300, A310 and DC-10 aircraft. used in MD-80 series aircraft. P&W continues to invest in and support the JT9D family To ensure that the JT8D-200 stays current with environmental of engines. Upgrade programmes are in place to enable regulations, a low-emissions combustion system known operators to improve durability, increase thrust and reduce as the E-Kit was developed. The E-Kit is FAR-25 certified noise. These update programmes are provided as JT9D and reduces JT8D-200 NOx emissions by 25%, unburned Reduced Cost of Ownership Kits. hydrocarbons by 99% and smoke by 52%. It exceeds all ICAO standards for newly-produced engines and it also qualifies The JT9D has flown more than 169 million total hours to for the Swiss Class 5 (cleanest) emissions category. date. More than 600 aircraft take-offs are accomplished P&W and Aviation Fleet Solutions have jointly developed a with JT9Ds every day. noise reduction kit for JT8D-200-powered MD-80 aircraft, which was certified in 2006. JT9D production ended in 1990. A total of 66 JT9D As of May 2013, more than 850 JT8D powered aircraft were powered aircraft were still still in service. active in May 2013.

JT8D JT9D Thrust 14,000-21,700 lb Thrust 46,300-56,000 lb Length 304-391 cm Length 325-355 cm Diameter 101-125 cm Diameter 235 cm Service entry 1964 Service entry 1970 Aircraft 727, 737-100/200, DC-9, MD-80 Aircraft A300, A310, 747, 767, DC-10

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PW2000 PW4000

The PW2000 was developed for the in order to The PW4000 was built as the successor to the JT9D in the compete with Rolls-Royce’s RB211. high-thrust engine market and is certificated for a range of 52,000lb-thrust to 98,000lb-thrust. First delivered in 1987, The engine entered service with , which was the powerplant is now fitted on the 747, 767, 777, A300, the civil aviation launch customer for the new engine type A310, A330 and MD-11. in 1984. There are three PW4000 families, based on fan diameters: The PW2000 covers a range of 37,000lb-thrust to 94in, 100in and 112in fans. The PW4000 94in fan covers 43,000lb-thrust. It was the first commercial engine 52,000lb-thrust to 62,000lb-thrust. Approved for 180min with full authority digital electronic control (FADEC) ETOPS, equipped with FADEC and featuring single-crystal technology. An improved version of the PW2000, the superalloy materials, it powers the 747-400, 767-200/300, Reduced Temperature Configuration (RTC), was introduced MD-11, A300-600 and A310-300. in 1994. The PW4000 100in fan has a capability of 64,500lb-thrust to The PW2000 is certified to operate 180min extended twin- 70,000lb-thrust and was specifically developed for the A330. engined operations (ETOPS) and meets all current and It entered service in 1994 with 90min ETOPS approval and proposed noise and emissions regulations around the world. was approved for 180min ETOPS in 1995.

There are three models of the PW2000 engine: PW2037, The latest version – the PW4170 Advantage 70 – received PW2040 and PW2043. Introduced into service in 1991 as US Federal Aviation Administration certification on the F117-PW-100, the PW2040 is exclusively used on the 22 December 2008 and entered service in 2009 with the four-engined Boeing C-17 Globemaster III military transport. A330-200 Freighter. It is offered both as a new engine and The model also powers the US Air Force C-32A, the military as an upgrade to existing engines. version of the 757. The PW4000 112in fan entered service in 1995 as the launch The current build standard, launched in 1994, is the PW2043 engine for the 777. It is the largest P&W commercial engine which provides 43,000lb-thrust. This model is the latest in offering 74,000lb-thrust to 98,000lb-thrust. The PW4098, the series to power the 757 and the 757-300. The improved with 84,000lb-thrust, was the first engine to enter service model is known as the PW2000 RTC. already approved for 180min ETOPS, and was subsequently approved for 207min, the maximum allowable, along with all MTU Aero Engines holds a 21.2% stake in the engine, having other PW4000 112in models. developed the low-pressure turbine and turbine exit casing as well as critical parts A higher-thrust version of the engine, the 90,000lb-thrust of the turbine exhaust PW4090, powers an increased gross-weight 777. The casing, high-pressure 98,000lb-thrust PW4098 compressor and high- powers the 777 up to pressure turbine. 660,000lb take-off weight.

More than 350 PW2000- More than 900 PW4000- powered 757s were in powered aircraft were in service in May 2013. service in May 2013.

PW2000 PW4000 Thrust 37,000-43,000 lb Thrust 52,000-98,000 lb Length 360 cm Length 414 cm Diameter 200 cm Diameter 240-255 cm Service entry 1984 Service entry 1987 Aircraft 757, Il-96M Aircraft A300, A310, A330, 747, 767, 777, MD-11

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PW6000 The PW1000G was chosen by Airbus to power the re-engined A320neo after P&W failed to reach an agreement The high-bypass PW6000 turbofan was designed for with Rolls-Royce to offer the engine jointly through the IAE the and was first delivered in 2007 after venture, which also includes JAEC and MTU Aero Engines. development delays. It has a design range of 18,000lb- thrust to 24,000lb-thrust. The PW6000 currently powers a The engine has also been selected for the Mitsubishi total of 15 A318s, 12 of which are operated by Brazil MRJ regional jet (PW1200G), Bombardier CSeries airliner and three by LAN Airlines. Overall, the engine has a small (PW1500G) and is offered as an option on the United Aircraft market share and there have been no orders for it since its (UAC) Irkut MS-21 (PW1400G). last deliveries in 2008. MTU has been responsible In January 2013, Embraer announced that it had selected for assembling the the PurePower geared turbofan as the exclusive engine for PW6000 under licence its new second generation E-Jet aircraft family. Scheduled to in Hannover, although enter service in 2018, the Embraer E-Jets will be equipped there are no engines with the PW1700G and PW1900G engines. currently on order. In March 2011, Indian low-cost carrier IndiGo selected the PW6000 PW1000G to power up to 150 updated A320s. The operator Thrust 18,000-24,000 lb signed a memorandum of understanding with Airbus, Length 275 cm becoming the launch customer for the new variant, which is Diameter 145 cm due for entry into service in October 2015. Weight 2,245 kg P&W completed the first flight of the PW1217G for the MRJ Service entry 2007 on P&W’s 747SP on 30 April 2012, beginning the year-long Aircraft A318 flight testing phase for engine certification. The first delivery of the 78-92 passenger MRJ aircraft has been delayed until the summer of 2015. PW1000G Bombardier has commenced systems tests and simulations PW1000G is the designation for P&W’s new high-bypass of the engine with its 100-150 passenger CSeries aircraft. geared turbofan, previously known as the Advanced The Canadian manufacturer plans to install the engines Technology Fan Integrator (ATFI). The engine has been and fly the first test aircraft by the end of 2012, looking to in development for many years and the manufacturer has bring them into service in late 2013. P&W has also initiated invested more than $1 billion in the technology. certification testing for the PW1524G.

P&W claims that the PW1000G delivers a 12-15% reduction As of May 2013, the PW1000G order backlog stood at in fuel burn, with up to 15% reduction in CO2 emissions 590, 165, 145 and 128 and up to 50% in NOx emissions and engine noise. The for the A320neo, MRJ, powerplant uses an advanced gear system which allows the CSeries and MS-21 aircraft engine’s fan to operate at a different speed from the low- respectively. There were pressure compressor turbine. also 835 A320neo family aircraft on order for which MTU is responsible for supplying the PW1000G’s high speed, an engine selection had yet three-stage low-pressure turbine and half of the powerplant’s to be announced. eight-stage high-pressure compressor. The engine was PW1000G tested on the P&W-owned 747SP, and the second phase of flight testing was conducted on an A340-600. Thrust 15,000-32,000 lb Diameter 140-210 cm The testbed aircraft, with the engine in the number two Service entry 2013 (expected) pylon position, flew for the first time from Toulouse in Aircraft A320neo, CSeries, MRJ, MS-21 October 2008.

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Rolls-Royce

Rolls-Royce was founded in 1906 by Henry Royce and Charles Rolls, and produced its first aircraft engine in 1914. The company has produced commercial jet engines since the 1950s, beginning with the Avon for the de Havilland Comet and the . The Conway engine came to prominence in the early 1960s and was fitted to the 707, DC-8 and the Vickers VC10. The Spey engine, also produced in the 1960s, was designed for the BAC One-Eleven and the three-engined Hawker Siddeley Trident.

The development of a high-bypass turbofan engine forced Rolls-Royce into bankruptcy and it was nationalised by the British government in 1971. However, the company survived and, thanks to the RB211 – the first true three-spool engine – it became a global player in the airline industry.

RB211

The RB211 family of high-bypass turbofan engines are power the Tupolev Tu-204-120. It entered service in 1992 and capable of generating 37,400lb-thrust to 60,600lb-thrust and was the first western engine to power a Russian airliner. In are divided into three series: RB211-22, RB211-524 and 1990 it achieved 180min ETOPS approval on the 757. RB211-535. The RB211-535 is currently in service with more than 40 The RB211-22 came into service in 1972 on the Lockheed operators and powers more than 450 Boeing 757 aircraft L-1011 TriStar aircraft, a year later than originally planned. It around the world. It has accumulated over 60 million flying was officially superseded by the Trent series in the 1990s. hours and around 24 million cycles.

RB211 The RB211-524 entered service in 1977 with on the 747-200. The RB211-524G, rated at 58,000lb-thrust, Thrust 37,400-60,600 lb and the RB211-524H, certificated at 60,600lb-thrust, were Length 300-320 cm developed in response to the larger 747-400. They were the Diameter 188-220 cm first versions to feature FADEC. The -524H model entered Weight 3,300-4,490 kg service with British Airways in 1990 and achieved 180min Service entry 1972 ETOPS approval on the 767 three years later. Aircraft 747, 757, 767, L-1011, Tu-204 In 1997, the RB211-524G/H engines were upgraded with high pressure (HP) turbine systems – technology developed on the Trent 700 engine family. These variants (designated Trent as RB211-524G/H-T) are 200lb lighter, offer 40% lower NOx emissions and 2% lower fuel burn. The RB211-524 is the The Trent is a development of the RB211 and, like its first engine to achieve more than 27,500h on wing. The predecessor, it uses a three-spool design. It was first delivered -524 fleet has now logged nearly 66 million flying hours, and in 1995 on the A330, and on the 777 the following year. The almost 12.5 million flight cycles. Trent is now the exclusively fitted to the A340-500/600, with its first deliveries on The RB211-535 entered service in 1983 as a launch engine that aircraft taking place on the new 757. In 1988, American Airlines ordered 50 757s during 2002. powered by the RB211- 524E4. It is more It is also one of the reliable and quieter than two engine options for its direct competitor the the A380 and the 787. PW2037, but is not as In addition, the Trent efficient. The engine is currently the only was also selected to engine available on the A350 XWB. 32 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 33 commercial engines 2013

There are six variants, including the Trent 500, 700, 800, Tay 900, 1000 and the XWB. Derived from the Spey, the Trent 700 was the first engine in the family. Optimised for the Rolls-Royce Tay was first A330 family to deliver power requirements for all weights of run in 1984. The Tay family that aircraft, it entered service in 1995 with . powers the Fokker 70 and It is rated at 72,000lb-thrust and received 180min ETOPS 100 regional jets as well as approval in 1996. business jets including the Gulfstream IV family. It was Designed for the 777 family, the Trent 800 entered service in also used to re-engine the 1996. It provides between 75,000lb-thrust to 95,000lb-thrust 727 but is no longer used on this aircraft. and is the lightest engine in its class. In May 2013, there were 200 active Tay engines in The Trent 500 came into service in August 2002 with Virgin commercial application in the world, all powering Fokker 70 Atlantic. The variant is optimised for the A340 aircraft to and 100 aircraft. deliver requirements of 53,000lb-thrust and 56,000lb-thrust for the A340-500 and A340-600 respectively. Tay Thrust 13,850-15,100 lb The Trent 900 is an engine option on the A380 family and is Length 238 cm certified at 70,000lb-thrust, 72,000lb-thrust, 76,000lb-thrust and 80,000lb-thrust. Diameter 114 cm Weight 1,501 kg The Trent 1000 was selected in April 2004 by Boeing as one Service entry 1984 of the two engine options to power the 787 Dreamliner. On Aircraft Fokker 70/100 26 October 2011, the first Trent-powered 787 entered into service with ANA on a flight from Tokyo to Hong Kong.

The Trent XWB was designed specifically for the A350 XWB AE 3007 family. It will be the sixth member of the Trent family and have the largest fan yet designed for a Rolls-Royce engine. The Rolls-Royce AE 3007 entered into service in 1995 and is used on regional, corporate and military aircraft. Regional The Trent XWB will power the A350-800 and -900, the A350- aircraft powered by this engine include the Embraer ERJ 900 Freighter and the ultra-long-range A350-900R, providing family, with more than a single engine type across the aircraft family. 1,400 in operation.

Certification of the Trent XWB was awarded by the European The ERJ fleet continues Aviation Safety Agency in February 2013. Fully-fledged flow- to grow, with more than line assembly of the XWB should begin by mid-2014, in time 23 million flight hours for the planned ramp-up in A350 production. accumulated on the AE 3007A series of is the largest operator of Trents, with 84 powerplants, contributing to the total 32 million flight hours active aircraft in its fleet equipped with the type. on the engine.

Trent AE 3007 Thrust 53,000-115,000 lb Thrust 6,495-8,917 lb Length 390-455 cm Length 270 cm Diameter 250-455 cm Diameter 98 cm Weight 4,700-6,550 kg Weight 720 kg Service entry 1995 Service entry 1995 Aircraft A330, A340, A350, A380, 777, 787 Aircraft ERJ-145 family

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BR700 R-R & P&W partnership

The BR700 engine family In October 2011, Rolls-Royce and Pratt & Whitney unveiled was developed by BMW plans to form a new joint venture for the development of new and Rolls-Royce through engines powering future mid-size aircraft in the 120- to 130- the joint venture company seat segment. BMW Rolls-Royce to power regional and corporate jets. The manufacturers stated that the new joint venture aims to focus on high-bypass ratio geared turbofan technology. Rolls- Rolls-Royce took full Royce and Pratt & Whitney agreed to restructure IAE, with control of the company in 2000. The first BR700 entered Rolls-Royce agreeing to sell its 32.5% equity stake in the service on the Gulfstream V in 1997 and entered service engine company to Pratt & Whitney, receiving $1.5 billion. on the in 1999.

Production of the 717 ceased in 2006 and there were more than 140 BR700-powered 717s in service in May 2013.

BR700 Thrust 14,750-21,000 lb Length 340-373 cm Diameter 121-147 cm Weight 1,632-2,792 kg Service entry 1994 Aircraft 717

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engine census Operator listing by commercial engine type

explanatory notes

This census data covers all engines powering commercial number of installed engines on the in-service fleet and, companies and holding companies such as China Aviation jet aircraft in service or on firm order with airlines where applicable, the number of installed engines for the Supplies are excluded, unless a confirmed end-user is worldwide. outstanding firm aircraft orders in parentheses in the known – in which case the aircraft is shown against the The information has been compiled by Flightglobal right-hand column. The census does not include any airline concerned. Insight using the Ascend Online Fleets database. parked aircraft/engines at the time of the data extraction Operators’ fleets include leased aircraft/engines. The information is correct up to 1 May 2013 and (1 May 2013). Aircraft/engines being operated on wet-lease are generally excludes non-airline operators, such as leasing companies The region is listed by operator base and does not listed with the company for which they are being operated, and the military. Engines are listed in alphabetical order, necessarily indicate the area of operation. Options and and not the airline flying the aircraft on their behalf. first by manufacturer and then type. letters of intent (where a firm contract has not been signed) The outstanding firm orders information includes airline Operators are listed by region. Fleet data comprises the are not included. Orders by, and aircraft with, leasing holding companies.

Mango 14 Marsland 4 International 6 Med-View Airline 4 Midwest Airlines () (2) () 2 Tunisie 20 Nova Airways 2 4 74 (10) RwandAir 10 Aviadvigatel PS-90 Total 122 CFM International CFM56 Total 17,054 (4,152) 6 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 12 Africa Total 762 (56) 6 4 AeroContractors 24 SonAir 4 International Air Cargo 8 18 66 Europe Total 90 Air Algerie 44 Star Air Cargo 2 Aeroflot Russian Airlines 24 Egypt 4 Airways 2 Aviastar-TU 6 Air Arabia Maroc 10 Syphax Airlines 4 12 4 TAAG Airlines 10 Silk Way Airlines 8 Air 8 TACV - 4 Airlines 8 Air Cote d’Ivoire 4 Tarco Air 2 12 14 8 Volga-Dnepr Airlines 20 28 Trans Air Cargo Services 4 North/South America Total 20 16 6 Cubana 20 Alexandria Airlines 4 58 (10) Cargo 2 Westair Benin 2 Almasria Universal Airlines 2 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 5,562 (1,766) AMC Airlines 2 Air Arabia 52 (54) 26 (16) Air Bishkek 4 ASKY Airlines 6 Air Busan 10 2 376 (92) Buraq Air 10 Air Do 16 CAA - Compagnie Africaine d'Aviation 4 Air Incheon 2 Camair Co 4 Air 96 Chanchangi Airlines 2 Express 42 () 32 (8) Air 22 ECAir 4 4 EgyptAir 48 Nui 20 2 2 26 (10) Fastjet 6 flyCongo 2 Gambia Bird 4 Ghadames Air Transport 2 2 Airways 28 Korongo Airlines 2 Kulula 24 16 Linhas Aereas de Mocambique 2

36 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 37 commercial engines 2013

AirAsia 132 (148) 20 (4) Aeroflot Russian Airlines 170 (134) AirAsia Japan 8 (6) Airways 22 (10) AirAsia Philippines 4 (6) Kyrgyzstan 4 26 20 (30) 8 Air 180 (90) (NZ) 4 Lao Central Airlines 4 Air 2 ANA - 114 (18) Lion Air 174 (240) Air Contractors 8 ANA 32 40 (2) 10 Ariana Afghan Airlines 4 4 36 (34) 4 136 (54) 330 (10) Australian Air Express 8 Maldivian 2 14 AVE.COM 2 Malindo Air 4 22 Avia Traffic Company 6 Mena Aerospace 4 Air Mediterranee 20 Batik Air 4 Merpati 16 2 Biman Airlines 4 (4) MIAT - Mongolian Airlines 4 (6) 18 Capital Airlines 32 6 Airlines 6 Cardig Air 6 Mongolian Airlines 4 AirBaltic 26 Cathay Pacific 44 Myanmar Airways International 4 AirExplore 4 CDI Cargo Airlines 4 Nasair 22 (40) Airzena - 4 Air 70 (36) Neptune Air 4 AlbaStar 6 Chang An Airlines 8 20 Alitalia 184 (4) 20 18 (18) Alrosa Mirny Air Enterprise 2 46 (6) Air 34 (12) Anadolu Jet 48 China Aviation Supplies (12) 10 Arkefly 10 290 (124) Our Airline 6 Atlantic Airlines 4 China Eastern Airlines Jiangsu 54 International Airlines 6 (Faroe Islands) 2 China Eastern Yunnan 88 PAL Express 28 Atlasjet Airlines 8 36 Peach 16 (24) Atran 4 362 (108) Asia 4 2 26 Petra Airlines 4 Austrian 58 16 56 Aviatrans K 2 2 128 (22) Avion Express 2 Citilink 42 (38) Qeshm Airlines 2 20 4 RAK Airways 4 B&H Airlines (4) 10 Royal Falcon Airlines 4 16 14 16 22 6 (2) Royal Wings 2 Europe 2 East Air 6 4 BH Air 4 Eastar Jet 16 108 12 Eastern Express 2 SCAT 12 4 Eastern SkyJets 8 SF Airlines 8 Bluebird Airways 2 34 (12) International 12 Bluebird Cargo 10 Emirates Airline 20 116 (16) Blu-Express 8 2 Airlines 96 (14) British Airways 42 Eva Air 8 (16) 182 (30) 38 Express Air 8 SilkAir (46) Air 8 8 Sky Aviation 2 Cargo Air 6 FireFly 4 Skymark Airlines 58 (2) 2 56 (46) Solaseed Air 24 (4) 28 Gading Sari Aviation Services 4 2 12 Garuda 124 (42) 12 Corendon Dutch Airlines 6 Global Jet Airlines 6 SpiceJet 74 (66) 14 (8) GoAir 30 (10) 72 (6) CSA 30 (14) 6 Spring Airlines Japan 2 16 32 SriLankan Airlines 34 EasyJet 376 (28) 174 (26) Sriwijaya Air 66 EasyJet 44 16 Star Flyer 18 (8) Edelweiss Air 8 16 (32) Tajik Air 6 24 Hong Kong Express Airways 4 Thai AirAsia 58 (10) Europe Airpost 30 Indonesia Air Transport 2 International 10 78 Indonesia AirAsia 46 (18) Tianjin Airlines 4 FlyGeorgia 6 Air 6 12 (6) 6 4 Toll Priority 10 24 (4) 10 Tri MG Airlines 2 Germanwings 24 JAL Express 76 Trigana Air 6 Globus 26 22 (2) Airlines 14 (6) Airways 8 Japan TransOcean Air 28 T'way 10 Hamburg International (4) 14 (6) 18 4 24 (10) VietJet Air 12 (6) Holidays Czech Airlines 4 108 (84) Airlines 8 150 (10) 16 120 (84) 34 (2) JetKonnect 32 Virgin Australia (New Zealand) 20 12 Jin Air 18 Virgin 2 Jet Time 26 16 Xiamen Airlines 162 (34) Jet2 70 Juneyao Airlines 58 (14) Yangtze River Express 28 Jetairfly 30 Kalstar 2 Europe Total 5,726 (860) KLM Royal Dutch Airlines 92 80 (4) 72 LOT Charters 2

36 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 37 commercial engines 2013

LOT Polish Airlines 4 Jetz 10 CFM International LEAP Total (2,916) Lufthansa 354 (38) Air 8 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total (1,324) 10 (2) Air North 6 Air China (10) fly 8 254 (62) AirAsia (528) Mistral Air 12 Allegiant Air 4 China Eastern Airlines (10) MNG Airlines 2 American Airlines 412 (200) China Southern Airlines (10) Monarch Airlines 16 Avianca 104 (8) Citilink (20) 6 Avianca (Brazil) 20 Hainan Airlines (40) 12 AviancaTaca Group (36) (156) Niki 40 (4) 4 Lion Air (402) Nordavia - Regional Airlines 18 Boliviana de Aviacion 18 (40) 4 Canadian North 10 SilkAir (62) Norwegian 146 (128) Canjet Airlines 22 Virgin Australia (46) 4 22 Europe Total (292) Orbest 4 (2) 8 (32) 48 Conviasa 8 Norwegian (200) Pegasus Airlines 80 (10) 112 (58) SAS (60) Scandinavia 14 8 North/South America Total (1,300) Rossiya - Russian Airlines 50 Cubana 8 Aeromexico (120) Ryanair 606 Delta Air Lines 414 (214) Alaska Airlines (74) 72 (64) Enerjet 6 American Airlines (200) SAM Air 2 Estafeta Carga Aerea 8 AviancaTaca Group (66) SAS 196 (6) Estelar Latinoamerica 2 (160) SAT Airlines 2 Flair Airlines 6 GOL Linhas Aereas Inteligentes (120) SATA International 8 Frontier Airlines 108 Southwest Airlines (300) Sky Airlines 10 (2) GOL Linhas Aereas Inteligentes 214 (152) United Airlines (200) (Italy) 2 Interjet 74 (8) Virgin America (60) Small Planet Airlines () 4 LAN Airlines 72 (104) Small Planet Airlines () 2 LAN Colombia 12 Smartlynx 4 Magnicharters 14 Smartlynx Estonia 2 Miami Air International 14 Smartwings 8 Northern Air Cargo 4 Solinair 2 PAL Airlines 2 SunExpress 46 Peruvian Airlines 8 SunExpress 14 PopBrasil 2 Swiftair 12 Sideral Air Cargo 4 Swiss 136 (2) 18 Tailwind Airlines 8 Sky King 6 Taimyr Air - NordStar 20 Southwest Airlines 1226 (324) TAP Portugal 94 Sun Country Airlines 32 TAROM 26 Sunwing Airlines 42 (2) Air 12 8 Thomas Cook Airlines 22 (12) Taca Costa Rica 4 Thomas Cook Airlines 8 Taca International Airlines 6 Thomas Cook Airlines Scandinavia 16 (24) TAM Linhas Aereas 98 (4) Thomson Airways 64 TAME 4 Airways 8 Tiara Air 2 TNT Airways 28 United Airlines 484 (178) Transaero Airlines 80 (24) US Airways 284 (8) Transavia Airlines 66 (4) Varig - VRG Linhas Aereas 40 Transavia France 22 Virgin America 106 (20) Travel Service Airlines 8 Vision Airlines 6 Travel Service 4 VivaAerobus 44 Engine Alliance GP7200 Total 180 (356) Travel Service Poland 2 VivaColombia 10 Africa Total (8) Travel Service 2 WestJet 206 (64) Air Austral (8) TUIfly 42 (16) Xtra Airways 10 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 148 (332) TUIFly Nordic AB 14 Emirates Airline 124 (236) (THY) 164 (32) Etihad Airways (40) International Airlines 48 Korean Air 24 (16) 50 (14) Airways (40) UTair 96 (120) Europe Total 32 (16) UTair Ukraine 6 Air France 32 (16) Airways 24 Vladivostok Air 12 Airlines 102 Wind Rose Aviation Company 12 WOW air 4 XL Airways France 4 12 24 North/South America Total 5,004 (1,470) Aerocaribbean 2 Aerogal 16 Aerolineas Argentinas 92 (14) Aeromexico 88 (14) Air Canada 168

38 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 39 commercial engines 2013

Eurowings 46 Ceiba Intercontinental 2 46 (52) Egyptair 2 Flybe Nordic 28 Ethiopian Airlines 10 FlyNonstop 2 12 Hop 122 Libyan Airlines (8) Iraero Airlines 10 Royal Air Maroc 12 Jetairfly 4 Services Air 2 KLM cityhopper 44 Tradecraft 2 LGW 6 Tristar Air 2 LOT Polish Airlines 56 Tunisair 4 Lufthansa CityLine 120 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 1,276 (12) General Electric CF34 Total 4,432 (768) Airlines 6 4 Africa Total 150 (12) Niki 8 Air Do 8 4 People's Vienna Line 2 16 Air Nigeria (4) Rusline 28 Air Japan 18 Air 4 SAS 40 18 Arik Air 8 Severstal Aircompany 6 Air Niugini 2 CemAir 2 Ukraine International Airlines 4 AirAsia X 2 DAC Aviation 2 UTair 26 4 Egyptair Express 24 UTair Ukraine 4 ANA - All Nippon Airways 122 4 Europe 6 Ariana Afghan Airlines 4 Kenya Airways 34 (6) Yamal Airlines 16 Asiana Airlines 72 Libyan Airlines 14 North/South America Total 2,906 (348) Biman Bangladesh Airlines 6 Linhas Aereas de Mocambique 6 (2) Aerolineas Sosa 2 Business Air 6 MGC Airlines (Matekane Air) 4 Aeromar Airlines 4 Cargo Air Lines 8 Nova Airways 6 Aeromexico Connect 44 China Airlines 132 Petroleum Air Services 2 Air Canada 114 8 RwandAir 4 Air Wisconsin 142 China Eastern Airlines 12 SA Express 30 Amaszonas 8 Emirates Airline 12 Tunisair Express 2 American Eagle Airlines 94 Etihad Airways 8 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 452 (288) Austral Lineas Aereas 40 (4) Eva Air 102 Air Astana 14 (4) Azul 98 (44) Express Freighters Australia 2 Air India Regional 6 Compass Airlines 84 8 8 Conviasa 14 (6) Global Charter Services 2 2 Copa Airlines 24 Global Jet Airlines 4 Chengdu Airlines (60) Copa Airlines Colombia 28 34 18 (4) Estafeta Carga Aerea 4 Iraqi Airways 10 China Southern Airlines 40 ExpressJet Airlines 346 Japan Airlines 82 Felix Airways 4 (12) Go! 10 Jet Airways 28 (10) Fuji Dream Airlines 12 (4) GoJet Airlines 94 Jetstar 20 Garuda Indonesia 16 (20) Jazz 88 Jordan Aviation 6 Hebei Airlines 8 (26) JetBlue Airways 112 (56) 16 (100) Mesa Airlines 120 Mahan Air 50 Ibex Airlines 18 Pinnacle Airlines 374 (80) Mega Airlines 4 Iraqi Airways 12 PSA Airlines 98 MIAT - Mongolian Airlines (2) J-Air 42 Regional 1 Airlines 4 12 16 Republic Airlines 138 (94) Nasair 4 Myanma Airways 4 Satena 2 28 Myanmar Airways International (4) Shuttle America 134 Orient Thai Airlines 10 Nasair 14 (14) Sky Regional Airlines 6 Pakistan International Airlines 6 8 SkyWest Airlines 562 Philippine Airlines 36 Royal Jordanian 16 Taca International Airlines 24 Qantas 112 Saudia 30 TAME 8 58 SCAT 10 TRIP 30 (4) Rayyan Air 8 Shandong Airlines 14 (20) United Airlines (60) Royal Jordanian 6 6 (10) US Airways 40 Saudia 74 Star Aviation (10) Voyageur Airways 16 Shaheen Air International 6 Tianjin Airlines 100 Thai Airways International 72 Virgin Australia 34 TMA 2 Europe Total 924 (120) Yangtze River Express 12 Adria Airways 18 (2) Europe Total 855 (44) 22 Aer Lingus 14 Air Europa 22 Aeroflot Russian Airlines 19 Air Moldova 4 Air Europa 12 70 (50) Air France 70 Airzena - Georgian Airways 8 Air Italy 6 26 AirBridgeCargo 32 Alitalia Cityliner 40 Airbus Transport International 10 Augsburg Airways 12 Alitalia 24 Azerbaijan Airlines -8 General Electric CF6 Total 3,654 (178) Alpha Express Airlines 2 BA CityFlyer 28 Africa Total 81 (14) Arkefly 6 Belavia 12 Afriqiyah Airways 4 (6) Azerbaijan Airlines 4 Brit Air 10 (2) Air Algerie 16 Brussels Airlines 6 8 Air Mauritius 4 4 (6) Allied Air Cargo 6 Condor 6 14 AV Cargo Airlines 3 DHL Air 8

38 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 39 commercial engines 2013

European Air Transport 2 MasAir 4 TNT Airways 6 Finnair 16 National Airlines 8 Turkish Airlines (THY) 24 (30) Georgian Star International 4 North American Airlines 10 North/South America Total 198 (64) Hellenic Imperial Airways 4 Omni Air International 14 Aeromexico 8 Hi Fly 4 Polar Air Cargo 28 Air Canada 36 (10) Iberia 6 (10) SBA Airlines 2 American Airlines 12 (28) Jetairfly 4 Solar Cargo 3 Delta Air Lines 20 Jet-Star 4 Southern Air 8 FedEx 46 (18) KLM Royal Dutch Airlines 138 TAB Airlines 3 LAN Cargo 8 LOT Polish Airlines 6 TAM Cargo 8 Southern Air 8 Lufthansa 72 TAM Linhas Aereas 14 TAM Linhas Aereas 16 (8) 54 Tampa Cargo 8 United Airlines 44 12 United Airlines 42 General Electric GEnx Total 158 (936) MNG Airlines 8 UPS Airlines 193 (10) Africa Total 2 (66) Monarch Airlines 6 US Airways 20 Arik Air (22) MyCargo Airlines 16 General Electric GE90 Total 1,382 (588) Ethiopian Airlines 2 (18) Neos 4 Africa Total 44 (24) Kenya Airways (8) Nordic Global Airlines 12 Air Austral 6 Royal Air Maroc (8) Nordwind Airlines 12 Ceiba Intercontinental 2 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 56 (494) Pullmantur Air 4 Egyptair 12 Air China (20) Rossiya - Russian Airlines 6 Ethiopian Airlines 14 (14) Air India (2) S7 Airlines 6 Kenya Airways (4) Cathay Pacific 32 (20) SATA International 4 TAAG Angola Airlines 10 (6) China Southern Airlines (20) Silk Way Airlines 4 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 816 (414) Etihad Airways (82) Solinair 2 Air China 26 (12) Hainan Airlines (20) Star Air 22 Air India 38 (6) Japan Airlines (76) TAP Portugal 10 Air New Zealand 10 (4) Korean Air 12 (56) The Cargo Airlines 4 ANA - All Nippon Airways 38 Nippon Cargo Airlines 8 (48) Thomas Cook Airlines 6 Biman Bangladesh Airlines 4 (4) Qantas (30) Thomson Airways 16 Cathay Pacific 62 (54) Qatar Airways (50) 2 China Airlines (20) Royal Jordanian (22) TNT Airways 8 China Cargo Airlines 12 Saudia 4 (4) Transaero Airlines 62 China Southern Airlines 28 (12) Uzbekistan Airways (4) TUIFly Nordic AB 4 Emirates Airline 210 (138) Turkish Airlines (THY) 20 (34) Etihad Airways 32 (10) ULS Airlines Cargo 10 Eva Air 30 (12) UTair 6 Garuda Indonesia 2 (20) Virgin Atlantic Airways 48 Hong Kong Airlines (12) White 2 Iraqi Airways 2 XL Airways France 2 Japan Airlines 48 North/South America Total 1,442 (108) Jet Airways 10 ABX Air 64 Korean Air 28 (14) Aeromexico 2 Kuwait Airways 4 AeroUnion 8 Pakistan International Airlines 18 (10) Air Canada 42 Philippine Airlines 10 (2) 20 Qatar Airways 68 (16) American Airlines 140 Saudia 58 (28) Amerijet International 6 Singapore Airlines 38 (16) Europe Total 80 (146) ATI - Air Transport International 10 Thai Airways International 18 (20) Air Berlin (36) 76 Turkmenistan Airlines (4) AirBridgeCargo 12 (8) Airways 4 12 Azerbaijan Airlines (4) Centurion Air Cargo 12 Virgin Australia International 10 Cargolux 32 (20) Delta Air Lines 118 Global Supply Systems 12 Evergreen International Airlines 4 Lufthansa 24 (52) FedEx 433 (92) Thomson Airways (26) First Air 2 North/South America Total 20 (230) Florida West International Airways 4 Aeromexico (30) 8 Air Canada (74) Kalitta Air 28 American Airlines (84) Kelowna Flightcraft 12 Atlas Air 12 (4) LAN Airlines 66 (6) Polar Air Cargo 8 LAN Argentina 4 United Airlines (38) LAN Cargo 4 LAN Cargo Colombia 4 LAN Colombia 6

Europe Total 324 (86) Aeroflot Russian Airlines 8 (32) AeroLogic 16 Air France 128 (6) Alitalia 20 Austrian 8 British Airways 66 (4) KLM Royal Dutch Airlines 44 (4) Lufthansa Cargo (10) Nordwind Airlines 4

40 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 41 commercial engines 2013

Gulf Air 8 Ural Airlines 2 IndiGo 132 (44) Vueling Airlines 28 (10) Iran Air 4 Wind Rose Aviation Company 8 Iraqi Airways 4 78 (64) Israir 4 (2) Wizz 6 (2) Honeywell LF507 Total 384 Jetstar 118 (48) WOW air 4 Africa Total 52 Jetstar Asia 32 Yamal Airlines 8 8 (34) North/South America Total 1,462 (418) Air Libya 8 22 (30) Delta Air Lines 112 36 Jetstar 10 FlyAruba 2 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 56 2 JetBlue Airways 254 (88) Mahan Air 16 (134) LAN Airlines 22 National Jet Express 28 Mahan Air 2 LAN Argentina 24 Tajik Air 4 Mandala Airlines 14 (52) LAN Colombia 10 Uzbekistan Airways 8 Middle East Airlines 22 LAN Ecuador 12 Europe Total 272 Mihin Lanka 6 LAN Peru 44 Atlantic Airways (Faroe Islands) 8 Myanmar Airways International 10 Mexicana (8) Brussels Airlines 52 Nasair 4 Sky Airline 10 Cityjet 76 Philippine Airlines (68) 98 (46) Khors Aircompany 4 Qatar Airways 90 (2) Taca Costa Rica 24 Malmo Aviation 48 12 Taca International Airlines 30 (26) Swiss European Air Lines 80 Royal Jordanian 28 Taca Peru 8 Titan Airways 4 Saudia 4 TAM Linhas Aereas 154 (80) North/South America Total 4 Seair 10 TAME 10 Aerovias DAP 4 Shaheen Air International 4 United Airlines 304 (84) Shenzhen Airlines 48 (8) US Airways 260 (76) Sichuan Airlines 136 (28) 84 (10) SilkAir 46 (2) Skywest Airlines (Australia) 4 Skywings Asia Airlines 4 SriLankan Airlines 6 Syrianair 10 12 (28) IAE V2500 Total 4,460 (1,410) Tianjin Airlines 4 Africa Total 82 (40) Tiger Airways 42 (30) Almasria Universal Airlines 8 Tiger Airways Australia 22 (16) Egyptair 34 TransAsia Airways 18 (12) 6 U Airlines 2 4 UNI Air 12 South African Airways 26 (40) 8 2 Vietnam Airlines 88 (20) Tarco Air 2 West Air (China) 18 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 1,932 (812) 4 (16) Air Astana 22 (6) 2 Air Bishkek 2 Zest Air 22 Air Busan 8 Europe Total 984 (140) Air China 64 (16) Adria Airways 6 Air India 40 58 (10) Air 32 Air Moldova 2 Air New Zealand 34 (20) Air VIA 2 AirCalin 2 2 Asiana Airlines 64 (6) Atlasjet Airlines 22 ATA Air 4 Belle Air 8 Airways 26 Belle 2 Cambodia Angkor Air 8 BH Air 2 Capital Airlines 54 4 China Eastern Airlines 118 (82) British Airways 218 (20) China Southern Airlines 286 (72) Airways 18 Chongqing Airlines 16 EasyJet (2) Citilink 12 Finnair (10) Dragonair 42 (2) Freebird Airlines 10 Etihad Airways 36 (34) Germanwings 48 (4) Eva Air 10 Khors Aircompany 4 Golden Myanmar Airlines 2 Kolavia - MetroJet 12 Livingston Compagnia Aerea 10 Lufthansa 124 (4) Meridiana fly 6 Monarch Airlines 38 (4) Nordwind Airlines 10 6 42 SAS 36 Small Planet Airlines (Poland) 6 Thomas Cook Airlines Belgium 2 Transavia Airlines 2 Turkish Airlines (THY) 150 (10)

40 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 41 AscendFG-Advert_Lighthouse-197x267-FINAL 28/01/2013 11:45 Page 1

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Flightglobal Insight | 43

Ascend Online Fleets – A Flightglobal Data Product commercial engines 2013

SKYnet.aero 3 National Jet Express 32 (Armenia) 6 Nusantara Air Charter 8 Tatarstan Air 3 Skyjet Airlines 4 6 4 Ivchenko-Progress AI-25 Total 120 Uktus Avia Company 2 Europe Total 96 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 48 UTair 12 Astra Airlines 8 9 UTair Cargo 12 Bulgaria Air 4 East Kazakhstan Region Air Enterprise 6 Ivchenko-Progress D-436-148 Total 32 (12) Pan Air 32 -Asia Air 6 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 2 (4) Titan Airways 4 6 Air Koryo 2 (4) TNT Airways 32 Syrianair 12 Europe Total 28 (4) WDL 16 Aviakompania 6 6 (4) North/South America Total 48 Zhezair 3 Polet Airlines 4 Aerovias DAP 8 Europe Total 69 Rossiya - Russian Airlines 12 North Cariboo Air 4 Aerobratsk 3 Ukraine International Airlines 6 Star Peru 36 AK Bars Aero 3 North/South America Total 2 (4) Amur Airlines 9 Cubana 2 (4) 3 Kuznetsov Design NK-8 Total 9 Center-South Airlines 3 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 9 Constanta Airlines 3 Air Koryo 6 Airlines 12 JSC 3 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Enterprise 9 Severstal Aircompany 9 Tulpar Air 6 UTair 6 Yuzhmashavia 3 North/South America Total 3 Aerocaribbean 3 Lycoming ALF502 Total 308 Ivchenko-Progress D-18 Total 94 Africa Total 60 Powerjet SaM146 Total 26 (234) Europe Total 94 Air Annobon 4 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 4 (86) 34 Air Botswana 8 Kartika Airlines (60) Maximus Airlines 4 Air Libya 8 Lao Central Airlines 2 (4) Polet Airlines 16 Cronos Airlines 12 Sky Aviation 2 (22) Volga-Dnepr Airlines 40 Daallo Airlines 4 Europe Total 22 (108) Ivchenko-Progress D-36 Total 153 Fly Tanzania 4 Aeroflot Russian Airlines 18 (40) Africa Total 16 Regional Air Services 4 Blue Panorama Airlines (8) Badr Airlines 2 Starbow 16 Transaero Airlines (12) Green Flag Aviation 2 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 104 UTair (48) Tarco Air 12 Avia Traffic Company 8 Yakutia Airlines 4 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 10 Aviastar Mandiri 12 North/South America Total (40) 3 Mahan Air 24 Interjet (40) SCAT 3 Manunggal Air 12 Yas Air 4 Europe Total 127 Antonov Airlines 2 Ayk Avia 6 Cavok Air 2 FGUAP MCHS Rossii 7 -Avia 18 Udmurtia 15 KrasAvia 3 2 Saravia 24 4

Flightglobal Insight | 43 commercial engines 2013

Kam Air 10 Perla Airlines 2 16 Peruvian Airlines 10 K-Mile Air 9 Rio Linhas Aereas 18 Lankan Cargo 3 Rutaca 12 Neptune Air 3 Sierra Pacific Airlines 4 Omega Aircompany 3 Sinami 4 Orient Thai Airlines 6 Sky Airline 16 RPX Airlines 4 SkyWay Enterprises 2 Safi Airways 2 Total Linhas Aereas 18 Pratt & Whitney JT3D Total 44 Seair International 2 USA Jet Airlines 16 Africa Total 32 SKA Air & Logistics (SkyLink Arabia) 3 Venezolana 12 Airlift International of 12 SNAS Aviation 12 Vensecar Internacional 9 Meridian Airways 8 Sriwijaya Air 22 World Atlantic Airlines 6 Stars Away Aviation 4 Star Air Aviation 2 Trans Air Cargo Services 8 10 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 4 TAC Airlines 2 Expo Aviation 4 Transmile Air 23 North/South America Total 8 Tri MG Airlines 8 ATI - Air Transport International 8 Trigana Air 6 Pratt & Whitney JT8D Total 1,841 United Airways 6 Africa Total 163 Vision Air International 2 Africa Charter Airline 11 Zagros Airlines 16 Africa West Cargo 2 Europe Total 94 African Express Airways 9 Aviatrans K 4 Pratt & Whitney JT9D Total 189 Air Burkina 4 Bulgarian Air Charter 16 Africa Total 34 Air Libya 5 DAT - Danish Air Transport 2 Eritrean Airlines 2 Air Memphis 4 Khors Aircompany 4 FlyCongo 2 2 Medallion Air 4 Interair 2 Air Uganda 6 Meridiana fly 20 Kabo Air 12 Air 2 SAS 22 MaxAir 16 Allegiance Airways - Gabon 2 SAT Airlines 4 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 83 Allied Air Cargo 9 Swiftair 8 Deta Air 3 Ariella Airlines 2 Tend Air 8 Iran Air 24 Armi Global Business Airways 2 Transavia France 2 Japan Airlines 14 Associated Aviation 3 North/South America Total 1305 6 4 Aeronaves TSM 12 Jordan Aviation 2 Avstar Aviation 2 Aeropostal 10 Kam Air 2 Blue Sky Airways 2 Aerosucre Colombia 14 Orient Thai Airlines 12 Canadian Airways Congo 4 Air Class Lineas Aereas 3 Safi Airways 2 Daallo Airlines 2 Air Inuit 4 Solitaire Air 2 DANA Air 6 Air North 4 Uni-Top Airlines 12 D-Connection 2 Allegiant Air 114 Vision Air International 4 Emirate Touch Aviation Services 3 Aloha Air Cargo 8 Europe Total 8 Exclusive Alliance 4 American Airlines 368 Transaero Airlines 8 Ghadames Air Transport 2 Amerijet International 15 North/South America Total 64 Gomair 7 Ameristar Charters 10 Atlas Air 8 Interair 2 Andes Lineas Aereas 10 FedEx 8 JedAir 2 ARjet Airlines 2 Kalitta Air 48 Jubba Airways 4 Aserca Airlines 22 Karinou Airlines 2 Asia Pacific Airlines 9 Linhas Aereas de Mocambique 2 Avior Airlines 12 Mistral Aviation 4 Canadian North 16 Pegase Aviation 2 Cargojet Airways 27 Services Air 12 Conviasa 4 South African Airways 2 CV Cargo 3 Star Air Cargo 8 Delta Air Lines 268 Sun Air 4 Dutch Antilles Express 8 TAAG Angola Airlines 4 Estelar Latinoamerica 6 Tango Airways 2 Everts Air Alaska 6 Trans Air Congo 8 Falcon Air Express 2 Pratt & Whitney PW1000G Total (1,530) WDA - Wimbi Dira Airways 2 FedEx 51 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total (678) Will Airlift 2 First Air 14 ANA - All Nippon Airways (30) Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 279 Global Air 4 Cebu Pacific Air (60) AIRFAST Indonesia 8 Gulf & Caribbean Air 9 GoAir (144) Ariana Afghan Airlines 9 InselAir 10 IndiGo (300) ATA Air 12 InselAir Aruba 2 Korean Air (20) AVE.COM 4 Kalitta Charters II 28 Qatar Airways (100) 10 Kelowna Flightcraft 36 TransAsia Airways (24) East Air 2 LASER 16 Europe Total (360) Express Air 4 Lineas Aereas Suramericanas 24 Aeroflot Russian Airlines (100) Far Eastern Air Transport 14 Magnicharters 4 airBaltic (20) Gading Sari Aviation Services 4 Nolinor Aviation 6 Lufthansa (60) Iran Airtours 22 Northeast Bolivian Airlines 2 Malmo Aviation (20) Iran Aseman Airlines 12 Northern Air Cargo 6 Norwegian (100) Iraqi Airways 6 PAL Airlines 4 Swiss (60) Jayawijaya Dirgantara 2 Cargo 3 North/South America Total (492)

44 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 45 commercial engines 2013

Hawaiian Airlines (32) Asiana Airlines 48 (4) North/South America Total 993 JetBlue Airways (80) Biman Bangladesh Airlines 4 ABX Air 4 Republic Airways Holdings (80) Business Air 4 Aeromexico 10 SkyWest Airlines (200) Cathay Pacific 48 Air Canada 18 Trans States Holdings (100) China Airlines 36 Air Caraibes 10 China Cargo Airlines 12 Atlas Air 16 China Eastern Airlines 6 Boliviana de Aviacion 2 China Southern Airlines 30 (4) Caribbean Airlines 4 El Al 44 Delta Air Lines 196 Etihad Airways 2 Evergreen International Airlines 8 Fiji Airways 8 FedEx 144 Hainan Airlines 6 Hawaiian Airlines 22 Hong Kong Airlines 12 LAN Airlines 2 Iraqi Airways 4 Omni Air International 4 Japan Airlines 44 SBA Airlines 4 Jet Asia Airways 2 Sky Lease Cargo 15 Jordan Aviation 2 Southern Air 8 Kingfisher Airlines (30) TAM Linhas Aereas 28 Pratt & Whitney PW2000 Total 718 Korean Air 242 (12) United Airlines 270 Africa Total 14 Lion Air 8 UPS Airlines 187 Ethiopian Airlines 12 Mahan Air 2 US Airways 18 TACV - Cabo Verde Airlines 2 Malaysia Airlines 42 (6) World Airways 23 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 38 Maximus Air 6 Pratt & Whitney PW6000 Total 20 China Cargo Airlines 4 Nasair 4 North/South America Total 20 Shanghai Airlines 20 Orient Thai Airlines 8 Avianca (Brazil) 20 Tajik Air 4 Pakistan International Airlines 6 Uzbekistan Airways 10 Qatar Airways 2 Europe Total 60 Royal Jordanian 6 Air 6 Saudia 26 Finnair 8 Shanghai Airlines 8 Nordwind Airlines 14 Silk Road Cargo Business 2 OpenSkies 4 48 UTair 12 Thai Airways International 40 VIM Airlines 16 TMA 2 North/South America Total 606 United Airways 4 ATI - Air Transport International 6 Uzbekistan Airways 18 (4) Delta Air Lines 324 Vietnam Airlines 26 DHL Aero Expreso 6 Yemenia 6 FedEx 22 Europe Total 240 United Airlines 178 Air Greenland 2 UPS Airlines 70 Air Berlin 26 Arkefly 4 Austrian 12 Blue Panorama Airlines 6 Brussels Airlines 8 Cargolux 8 Condor 18 Corsair 16 Edelweiss Air 2 EuroAtlantic airways 4 Pratt & Whitney PW300 Total 24 European Air Transport 28 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 2 Hi Fly 2 Express Air 2 Ifly 2 Europe Total 18 LOT Polish Airlines 2 Air Vallee 4 Martinair 22 Sun-Air of Scandinavia 14 MNG Airlines 2 North/South America Total 4 Nordwind Airlines 2 Calm Air 2 Orenair 6 Key Lime Air 2 Pullmantur Air 12 Pratt & Whitney PW4000 Total 2282 (72) SATA International 2 Africa Total 39 TAP Portugal 12 Air Madagascar 2 TAROM 2 2 Transaero Airlines 36 AV Cargo Airlines 3 Turkish Airlines (THY) 4 Camair Co 2 Egyptair 6 Ethiopian Airlines 20 Sudan Airways 4 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 1010 (72) Air Astana (8) Air China 54 44 Air Hong Kong 4 Air India 20 Air Niugini 4 ANA - All Nippon Airways 66 (4)

44 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 45 commercial engines 2013

MIAT - Mongolian Airlines 4 Airlines 4 Orient Thai Airlines 2 Pakistan International Airlines 16 Qantas 46 Safi Airways 2 Saudia 8 SCAT 6 SF Airlines 14 Sunday Airlines 2 Tasman Cargo Airlines 2 Rolls-Royce Tay Total 396 Turkmenistan Airlines 8 Africa Total 14 Rolls-Royce AE 3007 Total 1,446 Xiamen Airlines 12 CAA - Compagnie Africaine d'Aviation 2 Africa Total 70 Europe Total 582 IRS Airlines 10 4 Azerbaijan Airlines 8 Skyward International Aviation 2 Air 26 6 British Airways 250 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 196 Air Namibia 8 Cargolux 32 Air Bagan 2 Air Taraba 2 Condor 26 Air Niugini 12 Airjet Angola 2 DHL Air 44 42 Airlink 22 European Air Transport 22 Bek Air 4 ALS Limited 6 Gestair Cargo 4 4 Associated Aviation 2 Icelandair 38 Iran Air 24 Diexim Expresso 2 Ifly 10 Iran Aseman Airlines 34 Service 2 Jet2 22 Iranian Naft Airlines 8 Mocambique Expresso 4 Monarch Airlines 6 Kish Air 6 Punto Azul 2 OpenSkies 2 Australia 20 6 Privilege Style 4 Pelita Air Service 4 Swaziland Airlink 2 Silk Way Airlines 12 Qeshm Airlines 8 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 92 Thomas Cook Airlines 28 SKA Air & Logistics (SkyLink Arabia) 2 China Eastern Airlines 10 Thomas Cook Airlines Scandinavia 2 Skywest Airlines (Australia) 20 China Eastern Airlines Jiangsu 10 Thomson Airways 32 Transwisata Air 2 China Southern Airlines 12 Titan Airways 4 Vietnam Airlines 4 JetGo Australia 6 TNT Airways 4 Europe Total 148 NovoAir 4 Transaero Airlines 16 Carpatair 6 4 UTair 6 Excellent Air (Malta) 2 Tianjin Airlines 46 Yakutia Airlines 10 Helvetic Airways AG 12 Europe Total 132 North/South America Total 598 KLM cityhopper 52 Air Europa 2 Allegiant Air 12 10 bmi Regional 36 American Airlines 202 PGA - Portugalia Airlines 12 Dniproavia 6 Cargojet Airways 2 Trade Air 6 Eastern Airways 10 FedEx 110 Tyrolean Airways 48 Hop 40 Fly Jamaica 2 North/South America Total 38 Luxair 12 Morningstar Air Express 10 Air Panama 4 Pan Europeenne Air Service 4 National Airlines 2 Avianca (Brazil) 26 PGA - Portugalia Airlines 16 SBA Airlines 6 Dutch Antilles Express 6 Regional 2 United Airlines 124 Mais Linhas Aereas 2 Wind Rose Aviation Company 4 UPS Airlines 80 North/South America Total 1152 US Airways 48 Aeromexico Connect 66 American Eagle Airlines 384 Chautauqua Airlines 140 ExpressJet Airlines 502 IBC Airways 4 Satena 4 Trans States Airlines 52

Rolls-Royce RB211 Total 1,469 (8) Africa Total 14 Rolls-Royce Spey Total 8 Cairo Aviation 2 Africa Total 2 ECAir 2 Safari Air Express 2 Ethiopian Airlines 6 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 6 MaxAir 4 Myanma Airways 2 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 275 (8) Pelita Air Service 2 Air Astana 10 SKA Air & Logistics (SkyLink Arabia) 2 Air China 8 Rolls-Royce Trent Total 2,106 (2,060) Rolls-Royce BR700 Total 288 Air China Cargo (8) Africa Total 90 (70) Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 38 Air Hong Kong 12 Afriqiyah Airways (20) QantasLink 26 Arkia 4 Air Namibia (4) Turkmenistan Airlines 12 Askari Aviation 6 4 Europe Total 38 Barq Aviation 3 Arik Air 8 Blue1 18 Blue Dart Aviation 10 Egyptair 22 (2) Volotea 20 Cathay Pacific 64 Ethiopian Airlines (24) North/South America Total 212 China Southern Airlines 24 Kenya Airways 8 Hawaiian Airlines 36 DHL International Aviation EEMEA 6 Libyan Airlines (8) Southwest Airlines 176 Mega Maldives Airlines 2 South African Airways 48

46 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 47 commercial engines 2013

Tunisair (12) Swiss 26 (2) soloviev D-30 Total 621 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 1,264 (1,264) TAP Portugal (24) Africa Total 52 Air Astana (6) Thomas Cook Airlines 8 Alfa Airlines 4 Air China 72 (64) Thomas Cook Airlines Scandinavia 6 Almajara Aviation 4 Air New Zealand 16 (20) Transaero Airlines 18 Badr Airlines 8 AirAsia X 18 (54) Turkish Airlines (THY) 28 (4) El Dinder Aviation 8 ANA - All Nippon Airways (76) Virgin Atlantic Airways 80 (54) Global Air 4 Arkia (4) XL Airways France 6 GR Avia 12 Asiana Airlines (84) North/South America Total 212 (356) Green Flag Aviation 4 Cathay Pacific 108 (118) Air Canada 16 Lina Congo 4 Cebu Pacific Air (8) Air Transat 22 Victoria Air 4 China Airlines (28) American Airlines 94 Asia, Australia & Middle East Total 203 China Eastern Airlines 72 (12) Avianca 18 (36) Air 4 China Eastern Yunnan 4 Avianca (Brazil) (20) Air Koryo 28 China Southern Airlines 48 Conviasa 2 Air Trust Air Company 16 Dragonair 36 Delta Air Lines 16 (36) Al Naser Airlines 4 El Al 12 Hawaiian Airlines 24 (32) Asia Airways 8 Emirates Airline 128 (140) LAN Airlines (58) 4 Etihad Airways 92 (32) Taca Peru 2 4 Fiji Airways 2 (4) TAM Linhas Aereas (54) Eastern Express 12 Garuda Indonesia 32 (38) Tampa Cargo 4 (10) Jordan International Air Cargo 4 Gulf Air 12 (12) United Airlines (50) Kaz Air Trans JSC 3 Hainan Airlines 40 US Airways 14 (60) Khatlon Air 20 Hong Kong Airlines 16 (36) Kyrgyzstan 9 Kingfisher Airlines (10) Pouya Air 8 Malaysia Airlines 56 SAT Airlines (Kazakhstan) 2 Middle East Airlines 8 Sayakhat 3 Oman Air 14 (12) SilkLine Air 12 Philippine Airlines (40) 3 Qantas 48 (32) Syrianair 16 Qatar Airways 22 (160) Tajik Air 3 Royal Brunei Airlines 8 (10) TAPC Aviatrans 8 Saudia 18 (8) Turkmenistan Airlines 12 Scoot 8 Uzbekistan Airways 20 Shanghai Airlines 4 Europe Total 366 Sichuan Airlines 10 (4) Abakan-Avia 12 Singapore Airlines 216 (126) 12 Skymark Airlines (30) Air Armenia 8 SriLankan Airlines 14 Alrosa Mirny Air Enterprise 30 Thai Airways International 108 (48) 24 TransAsia Airways 4 Azal Avia Cargo 4 Vietnam Airlines (28) Belavia 9 Virgin Australia 12 Center-South Airlines 12 Yangtze River Express 2 FGUAP MCHS Rossii 4 Yemenia 4 (20) Grixona Air 4 Europe Total 540 (370) Jet-Star 16 Aer Lingus (18) KAPO - Gorbunova 16 Aeroflot Russian Airlines 44 (44) Katekavia 4 Air Europa 10 (16) Kosmos Airlines 14 Alitalia (24) Maximus Airlines 8 Azerbaijan Airlines 8 Ruby Star 4 British Airways 38 (96) Russian Sky 12 Corsair 8 Shar Ink 12 Edelweiss Air 4 Silk Way Airlines 28 euroAtlantic airways 2 Tatarstan Air 6 Finnair (22) Trans Avia Export Cargo Airlines 20 Iberia 68 Turan Air 6 Icelandair (2) UTair 45 LOT Polish Airlines 2 (12) UTair Express 12 Lufthansa 172 (30) Yakutia Airlines 12 MNG Airlines (6) Yuzhmashavia 8 Monarch Airlines 4 ZetAvia 24 Norwegian (16) SAS 8

46 | Flightglobal Insight Flightglobal Insight | 47 Born different

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C31925.029_CFM_PRAM_CommEngRep_17June_267x197_v1.indd 1 06/06/2013 14:58