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The Afro-Asian Mesocyclops Aspericornis (Daday

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THEAFRO-ASIAN MESOCYCLOPSASPERICORNIS (DADAY) (COPEPODA,CYCLOPIDAE) IN MEXICO: COMMENTSON MORPHOLOGYAND DISTRIBUTION BY MARTHA ANGÉLICA GUTIÉRREZ-AGUIRRE 1/,EDUARDO SUÁREZ-MORALES 1,3/ andMARCELO SILVA-BRIANO 2/ 1/ El Colegiode la FronteraSur (ECOSUR), A.P.424,77000 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico 2/ UniversidadAutó noma de Aguascalientes Biologí a (C.Ciencias Bá sicas), Centrode Ciencias Bá sicas, A v.Universidad 940, Fracc. Primo V erdad,20100 Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes,Mexico ABSTRACT Theknown distribution of Mesocyclopsaspericornis inthe Americas included the central and northernareas of South America and the insular Caribbean. It had not been collected before in continentalNorth America. The analysis of samplescollected in a pondin the state of Sinaloa, on thePaci c coastof Mexico, yielded female individuals of this species. The Mexican individuals tendedto besmallerthan the African females (1.14-1.20 mm vs1.3-1.5mm), but the morphology ofthe Mexican specimens is identical in mostcharacters to thatdescribed or depicted in previous works.This is the rstmorphological study of this species aided with SEM; itincludes detailed dataon severalmicrostructures, some of which undescribed previously. It alsois the rstreport of its effectiveoccurrence in Mexico.All previous records of this species in theAmericas are related to the Atlanticcoasts. This record, in theMexican Paci c area,suggests that this supposedly introduced Afro-Asianspecies had an alternative route of dispersion from the Paci c coast.This is also the seconddocumented record of an introducedfreshwater copepod in Mexico. RESUMEN Ladistribució n conocidade Mesocyclopsaspericornis enel continente americano incluí a las areassur y centralde Amé rica del Sur y delCaribe insular. No habí a sidorecolectada antes en América del Norte. El análisis de muestras recolectadas en unestanque en el estadode Sinaloa, costa pací cadeMéxico, produjo la identi cació n dehembras de estaespecie. Las hembras recolectadas enMé xico tiended a serde menor talla que las africanas (1.14-1.20 mm vs1.3-1.5mm); sin embargo, lamorfologí a delosespecí menes mexicanos es idé ntica en prácticamente todos los caracteres a las descripcionesprevias. Este es, sin embargo, el primerestudio morfoló gico auxiliado por microscopí a electrónica de barrido (MEB); incluye datos detallados sobre varias microestructuras, algunas previamenteindescritas. Este es el primer registro efectivo de la presencia de estaespecie en Mé xico; 3/ e-mail:[email protected] © KoninklijkeBrill NV ,Leiden,200 3 Crustaceana 75(11):1349-1361 Alsoavailable online: www.brill.nl 1350 M.A.GUTIÉ RREZ-AGUIRRE, E. SUÁREZ-MORALES & M.SILVA-BRIANO todoslos registros anteriores estaban relacionados con las costas del Océ ano Atlá ntico. Este registro enelá readel Pací coMexicano sugiere que esta especie Afro-asiá tica supuestamente introducida tuvouna ví a alternativade dispersió n apartirde la costa del Pací coTropical Oriental. Este es, además, elsegundo registro documentado de unaespecie de copé podo dulceacuí cola introducida en México. INTRODUCTION Thefreshwater cyclopoidcopepod Mesocyclopsaspericornis (Von Daday, 1906)is awidespreadpantropical species knownmainly fromAsia (India,China, Birma ( Myanmar),the Philippines, Java,Sumatra) andAfrica (Ethiopia,Ghana, D Zaire ( Congo),Sudan, Nigeria) (Dussart &Defaye,1985; V ande Velde,1984). D InAmerica, this species has beenrecorded from various Neotropical areas, includingthe insular Caribbean(Martinica, Guadeloupe,Aruba, Curaç ao, Puerto Rico,Haiti, Turksand Caicos Islands, VirginIslands, Jamaica, amongothers) andSouth America (Brazil, Colombia,V enezuela,Argentina) (see Pesce, 1985; Reid,1990; Reid &Saunders,1986; Rocha & Botelho,1998). The study of its distribution is arelevant issue, since this species has beentested successfully as a biological controlof mosquitolarvae in the neotropics(Suá rez et al., 1984;Marten et al., 1994). Despite its widedistribution in the tropical areas, this species hadnot been recordedfrom continental NorthAmerica (Williamson &Reid,2001), including Mexicoand Central America.A previousrecord listed bySuá rez-Morales &Reid (1998)from Aguascalientes, central Mexico,is consideredinvalid (see Dodson &Silva-Briano,1996; Silva-Briano, pers. obs.). The occurrence of this species in Mexicowas also outlinedby Suárez-Morales &Gutiérrez-Aguirre (2001) in a project report.From samples collected in asmall reservoir in the state ofSinaloa, onthe Pacic coast ofMexico, the occurrenceof Mesocyclopsaspericornis is now effectively reportedherein. The Mexican specimens wereexamined using both light microscopyand SEM in orderto providecomplementary morphological data forthe species. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zooplanktonsamples werecollected in asmall reservoir (“bordo”) located nearkm 90 of the highwayCuliacá n-Los Mochis, in Sinaloa,Mexico (25 ±170N 107±470W).Samples werecollected on20 November 1985 by Alejandro Maeda- Martínez and Hortencia Obregó n-Barboza with the aid ofascoopnet with amesh size of0.05mm. The specimens weresorted fromthe entire sample andidenti ed usingthe descriptions andkeys of V ande V elde (1984)and Ho y nska´ (2000). MESOCYCLOPSASPERICORNIS (DADAY)INMEXICO 1351 Someindividuals wereprocessed for SEM analysis andthe remainingones were preservedin 70%ethanol. Morphological observations were made under a standard microscopeand SEM analysis was performedusing a Topconelectron microscope (10-16kV).Line illustrations weremade using a camera lucida. RESULTSAND DISCUSSION Onlyfemale specimens of Mesocyclopsaspericornis werecollected in Sinaloa (Silva-Briano,pers. obs.), which were part ofanisolated population.Males ofthis species werenot found in the samples. This is notuncommon, as males ofthis species are notfound often (see Reid &Saunders,1986) and morphological data are still limited. Morphology Someof the main morphologicalcharacters ofthe Mexicanfemale specimens of M.aspericornis are presentedin gs.1-6; these includeboth line drawings andSEM photographs. The morphology of the specimens fromMexico agrees in generalwith the descriptions ofKiefer (1981),V ande Velde (1984),and Ho y nska´ (2000),even in the structure andornamentation of the mouthparts( gs. 2B-D, 3A-D)and swimming legs (gs. 3E, 4A-C). The South American specimens, exceptthe Brazilian material, lack the pits onthe lateral surfaces ofthe genital somite whichwere depicted by Kiefer (1981)for African specimens (Reid & Saunders,1986). As stated byHoy nska´ (2000) for Asian specimens, SEManalysis conrmed that in the Mexicanindividuals the entire ventral anddorsal surfaces of the genital somite are pitted (gs. 1A, D, F,5D),not only the lateral margins as describedby Kiefer (1981)and Pesce (1985).Therefore, the Brazilian, Mexican, andAsian specimens differ in this character fromthe (remaining)South American specimens. Wereport here the presenceof a large poresurrounded by an other vepores on the surface posterior ofthe plate ofthe sixth leg; this was evident onlythrough SEM observation (see g.6A). This character remainedpreviously unnoticed,its taxonomicvalue has notyet beenexplored. TheMexican material showssome differences with respect to the African andAsian specimens (Kiefer,1981; V ande V elde,1984; Ho y nska,´ 2000). The Mexicanfemales tendedto besmaller thanthe Africanones (1.14-1.20 mm vs 1.3-1.5mm). In our specimens, the pitted antennularsegments are 1,4,5, and 7- 16,versus the 1-6,14-16 pattern describedby Kiefer (1981).This character was not describedby V ande Velde (1984)or Hoy nska´ (2000). The spine-bearing segments (g. 2A) and the hyalinemembrane on the last segment (g. 5A) are identically built in the Mexicanand in the Africanand Asian specimens (Vande V elde,1984; 1352 M.A.GUTIÉ RREZ-AGUIRRE, E. SUÁREZ-MORALES & M.SILVA-BRIANO Fig. 1. Mesocyclopsaspericornis (Daday,1906), adult female from Sinaloa, Mexico. A, urosomeand caudal rami, dorsal; B, fthleg; C, analsomite and left caudal ramus, ventral; D, genitalsomite, ventral; E, analsomite and right caudal rami, dorsal; F ,habitus,dorsal. All scale linesrepresent 50 ¹m. MESOCYCLOPSASPERICORNIS (DADAY)INMEXICO 1353 Fig. 2. Mesocyclopsaspericornis (Daday,1906), adult female from Sinaloa, Mexico. A, antennule;B, mandiblewith gnathal edge; C, maxilla;D, maxilliped.All scale lines represent 50 ¹m. 1354 M.A.GUTIÉ RREZ-AGUIRRE, E. SUÁREZ-MORALES & M.SILVA-BRIANO Fig. 3. Mesocyclopsaspericornis (Daday,1906), adult female from Sinaloa, Mexico. A, antennal basipodite,frontal; B, antennalbasipodite, caudal; C, maxillule;D, maxillularpalp; E, rstleg, endopoditeseparated, frontal. All scale lines represent 50 ¹m. MESOCYCLOPSASPERICORNIS (DADAY)INMEXICO 1355 Fig. 4. Mesocyclopsaspericornis (Daday,1906), adult female from Sinaloa, Mexico. A, secondleg, caudal;B, thirdleg, caudal; C, fourthleg, caudal. All scale lines represent 50 ¹m. 1356 TABLE I Comparison of relevant taxonomic characters of Mexican specimens with published descriptions of African (Kiefer, 1981; Van de Velde, 1984) and Asian (Hoyn´ska, 2000) specimens of Mesocyclops aspericornis (Daday) M.A. Specimens from Sinaloa, Kiefer (1981) Van de Velde (1984) Hoyn´ska (2000) GUTIÉ Mexico (Africa) (Africa) (Asia) Total length (mm) 1:2 0:14 1.5 1.18-1.31 1.11-1.6 § RREZ-AGUIRRE, Antennule segments 1, 4, 5, 7-16 1-6, 14-16 undescribed undescribed pitted Antennule segments with 1, 4, 5, 7-13 undescribed 1, 4, 5, 7-13 1, 4, 5, 7-13 spine Ratio of antennular 1.67 1.25 1.4 undescribed segments 16/17 E. Antennule hyaline serrated, distal notch serrated, distal notch serrated, distal notch serrated,
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  • Mosquito Larvae Specific Predation by Native Cyclopoid Copepod Species

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    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2018; 6(3): 983-987 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Mosquito larvae specific predation by native JEZS 2018; 6(3): 983-987 © 2018 JEZS cyclopoid copepod species, Mesocylops Received: 14-03-2018 Accepted: 15-04-2018 aspericornis (Daday, 1906) Dr. Devinder Kaur Kocher Professor, Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural Dr. Devinder Kaur Kocher, Dr. Shreya Jamwal, Dr. Dapinder Kaur University, Ludhiana, Punjab, Bakshi and Dr. Ashwani Kumar India Dr. Shreya Jamwal Abstract Assistant Professor, School of Large sized cyclopoid copepods (having body size > 1.0 mm) act as predators of mosquito larvae which Biological and Environmental strongly influence the mosquito larval population. In the present study large sized native cyclopoid, Sciences, Shoolini University, Mesocylops aspericornis collected from local fish ponds of Ludhiana district of Punjab (India) was tested Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India for its predatory potential against different types of mosquito larvae. Under laboratory conditions, M. aspericornis showed mosquito specific predatory behavior, as the predatory potential (number of larvae Dr. Dapinder Kaur Bakshi killed/cyclopoid/24hours) against 1st instar larvae of Aedes was observed to be maximum (24.27±3.95) Principal Scientific Officer, followed by that of Culex (18.13±3.85) and least in case of Anopheles (0.13±0.09). This cyclopoid Biotechnology Division, Punjab copepod species was also able to kill 2nd instar larvae of Aedes (14.19±6.25 larvae/cyclopoid/24hours) State Council for Science and which was though less in comparison to its 1st instars. However, no predation of 2nd instar larvae of Culex Technology, Chandigarh, and Anopheles and 3rd instar larvae of any of the three types of mosquito larvae was observed by this Punjab, India cyclopoid.
  • Nanoparticles for Mosquito Control: Challenges and Constraints

    Nanoparticles for Mosquito Control: Challenges and Constraints

    Journal of King Saud University – Science (2016) xxx, xxx–xxx King Saud University Journal of King Saud University – Science www.ksu.edu.sa www.sciencedirect.com Nanoparticles for mosquito control: Challenges and constraints Giovanni Benelli a,b,*, Alice Caselli a, Angelo Canale a a Insect Behavior Group, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy b The BioRobotics Institute, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy Received 6 July 2016; accepted 20 August 2016 KEYWORDS Abstract Mosquito control programs are facing important and timely challenges, including the Aedes; recent outbreaks of novel arbovirus, the development of resistance in several Culicidae species, Anopheles; and the rapid spreading of highly invasive mosquitoes worldwide. Current control tools mainly rely Dengue; on the employment of (i) synthetic or microbial pesticides, (ii) insecticide-treated bed nets, (iii) adult Malaria; repellents, (iv) biological control agents against mosquito young instars (mainly fishes, amphibians Green nanosynthesis; and copepods) (v) Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), (vi) ‘‘boosted SIT”,(vii) symbiont-based methods Zika virus and (viii) transgenic mosquitoes. Currently, none of these single strategies is fully successful. Novel eco-friendly strategies to manage mosquito vectors are urgently needed. The plant-mediated fabri- cation of nanoparticles is advantageous over chemical and physical methods, since it is cheap, single-step, and does not require high pressure, energy, temperature, or the use of highly toxic chem- icals. In the latest years, a growing number of plant-borne compounds have been proposed for effi- cient and rapid extracellular synthesis of metal nanoparticles effective against mosquitoes at very low doses (i.e.