Here We Are Again, on the Pages of Our Third Issue, the First One in the New Academic Year

Well, well, well… Here we are again, on the pages of our third issue, the first one in the new academic year. We are celebrating one-year- birthday hoping to entertain you the way we did before. Our first year turned out to be very fruitful: “Scrabble” took the first prize at the School Scientific Conference and moreover, we won at the Moscow School Media Projects Contest “Moscow Broadcasting”. There is a cause to be proud of. Autumn is the time for summarizing. Successes and failures, victories and defeats. Labour and leisure. That’s why in “Around English” rubric you’ll have a chance to get acquainted with an extremely useful research “Moscow Through the Eyes of a Foreigner” made by the former 10 Form students, also the winners among 9-11 Forms of our School Scientific Conference. We are also remembering summer now. Hot, stuffy, smoky, burning. Bright, immense, gorgeous. Unforgettable! And we are very happy to have new authors who joined our friendly company. Welcome everybody! Yours, Elena Bespalchikova

Table of contests: Faces: Top summer activities…………………………………….2 Privacy…………………………………………………….4 Spots: Travel the world…………………………………………..6 Around English: Enrich your mind……………………………..10 Moscow Through the Eyes of a Foreigner…….16 Fun: What do we play?…………………………………………...24 Remembering summer………………………………………28 Otsebiashki………………………………………………….29 1

Faces Top Summer Activities

As summer begins, after a long time studying at school, a feeling of happiness and spirit of freedom approaches you. You take a look at the shining sun, you step on the green grass and breathe in the fresh summer air. Even if the weather is not as warm as you would like, some precious summer feelings rule your emotions. By the way, suddenly you realize that you have much more free time, comparing with what you had before. That is the most common teenagers’ conclusion, after all. You have only few months to enjoy your summer time, so then comes a question – How ? Of course, there are many answers to this question, many ideas and ways of getting them alive. Everyone chooses the right way of spending time during the summer, according to his/her prefer- ences. Anastasia Volfson

We’ve considered some ideas by inter- rogating teenagers from our educational centre. Here are the results: The majority like to spend their summer time in CAMPS, 42%. The second part belongs to DACHA, 27% , as we call it. SEASIDE holidays got 19%. And in the end of our list is resting at HOME.

“Going to the seaside” holiday means that spending your time would be connected with water, beaches and sun. You get positive emotions, everything seems to be good. Staying in dacha, if you really like nature or you have some friends there, is cool! There you can just forget the city and enjoy the summer time.

If you don’t go anywhere, if you just stay at home, it’s not the matter to become upset. There are many things you can do in the city. You can hang out with friends, ride you bicycle, try rollerblad- ing… Anything you want, you must only choose, what to do. If staying at camp is what you prefer, you should expect to do many interesting activities, conversations and make new friends. Also, there are some special kinds of camps to choose from. The sport-camps are often visited by extra active teenagers, who can’t only sit and do nothing. In that kind of camp you just don’t have the chance to waste your time, you are always doing something. These camps include various activities, such as dancing, sport competitions and so on.

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Faces

Last summer holidays I was in a sport dance camp and now I want to tell you about living in it. In the morning at 7:00 am you must wake up and wash up, after that you do morning exercises. In the canteen at 9:00 am you have breakfast, very tasty by the way. Then if you don’t have individual lessons you have your own spare time that you can spend swimming in the sea. After lunch you have the same activities. At your lessons you can learn every kind of dance you want: Hip Hop, Locking, Popping and so on. At 5:00 pm you have a break- dance lesson and after dinner you study hip hop with a trainer. If you do sport dances, you have training all day long and in the evening you have a lesson where you show what you have learned after all day. At the end of the camp shift a compe- tition for everybody is held. By Alex Motunov

The next are the linguistic camps. The programme in these camps is based on language lessons, that can’t be separated from the other camps activities. In the course of the time when you do something, you have to use the foreign language, which is taught in this camp. This summer I spent three amazing weeks in a linguistic camp in Oxford, UK. It was really unusual for me to live in the country, where you have to speak English only, to deal with different lifetime situations, using foreign language, make friends from other countries. Actually, everything was new to me, but I had to get used to it. Our residence was situated in a quiet Oxford neighbour- hood, so every morning we had to take U5 bus to get to the Brookes University, where the lessons were held. Also there was a big canteen for students like us. My group was full of teenagers who came from Spain, Ger- many, Italy. I should admit, that sometimes it was too dif- ficult to have conversations with friends from other countries, because their speech was hardly being understood even by the teachers. Well, while spending so much time together, doing many interesting activities, it’s almost nec- essary to speak, speak and again speak. When some time passed I realised it wasn’t a big problem. Anyway, after all you can speak not only English but also some Spanish, German, Italian...As your friends have already learned some Russian from you ! Initially, there came the same problem connected with understanding the speech. How hard was it to recog- nise the meaning of what the English said ! Once we were given a quiz about Oxford, so the only way to do it was going to the city centre and asking English people these questions. Also, we really had to get used to the pronunciation. It was good practice, hard practice. However, after three weeks living in Oxford, we could fluently speak to the natives. Of course, we had some very interesting excursions to the most popular places in Oxford, which are the colleges, castles, towers. We’ve also been to London twice. I don’t know what else to add, but I can briefly say - these three weeks were unforgettable. Now I want to see England again, and maybe even live, study there. Now I have many international friends, every day we chat by email or Facebook. Living in Oxford makes an impression ! Nasty Volfson The last are the healthy camps, where you would do exercises, take some medicine, where you would be given a chance to improve your health.

Traditional camps offer a relaxed atmosphere where activities are wonderfully different from those in the city. Children are challenged to participate and to be the best they can be because organizers provide that kind of environment. At camp it is understood that there is excellence in the effort. There, children encourage exposure to all facets of camp life, and leaders help each camper acquire new skills, and to refine old ones. Camp offers time for free and spontaneous expression and promotes involvement for the joy of sharing the experience. It is fun. Camp is the satisfaction of friends having a great time together within a structured program. It is the place to awaken curiosity, and the space to discover oneself. Liz Shvedova

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Faces

Privacy: Eugenia Teterskaya

First of all I want to say that I really liked the idea of this column. Thank you for inviting me to share with the readers of your wonderful magazine my hobbies, interests and prefer- ences, which I have outside the school. I picked up a few photos, although it was not easy. A lot of interesting, impressive and simply dear to your heart things surround us throughout our life.

Music. As long as I can remember, from the earliest years, I played the piano. At first reluctantly, made by a grandmother, but every year the interest in music classes grew, I spend hours without leaving the instrument. Boring scales and etudes were replaced by works of Chopin, Bach, Mo- zart ... Playing the piano became my profession.

Books. It so happened that the home library, which has been collected in our family for decades, was placed in my room when I was a schoolgirl. How nice it is there were no computers! It was a hobby bedtime – to take a book from the shelf. Rereading almost all Russian and foreign classics at a young age seemed normal. We have nothing to brag about now. Just like you all, I spend my free time surfing the internet, and only occasionally, for fun, I take favorite books and reread them without hesitating, enjoying meeting my favorite authors and good books. 4 4 1

Faces

P.S. To be absolutely honest - find in this photo 5 items that I like and need most of all every evening.

Theatre. You may ask why I'm doing school theatrical staging? It all started 30 years ago, when my friends invited me to the “Studio Theatre in the South-West”. At that time it was just a base- ment converted from a vegetable shop to the stalls. The young director Valery Belyakovich gath- ered a group of amateur actors among whom were Victor Avilov, Vyacheslav Grishechkin, Irina Bochorishvili .... I was lucky enough to attend rehearsals and watch the performances, to help make posters and costumes. I've seen a new, extremely interesting theatre being born, which is now known not only in our country, but in many countries. Love for theatre still remains in me.

Dacha. I spend most of my summer in the country. I’m not much of a gardener, but try to keep the flowers and the lawn in order. In the country I try not to watch TV, not to use the computer and rarely even use the phone. But when visitors come, I invite them to play checkers. I play recklessly and very emotionally, worrying when I lose, but as a rule, I win. Don’t you believe me? Come to a TV studio - check! 5 5 1

Spots

TRAVEL THE WORLD: El “must” de Canarias or Some Tips for a Successful Traveler

Elena Bespalchikova

When to visit? Canary Islands are often described as the 'islands of eternal spring'. That is quite true. This is a year round destination and you can really visit Tenerife at any time without disappointment. Of course during winter it does get a little cooler, but compared to central and northern Europe it is still pure paradise. Inevitably, the warm winter does tend to draw the bulk of tourists and December to Febru- ary can definitely be considered 'high season'. Not quite so busy, but certainly also a high season are the months between May and October. The cool sea breezes can be very refreshing compared to the 'scorchers' associated with mainland Spain. Airfares are most attractive between November and mid December, also from March to May with the exception of Easter that is very popular indeed. How to get the most of the island? Driving! Theoretically, you require an International Drivers license to rent a car in the Canary islands. However, in practice you can make a rental with a standard valid driving license. Generally, you will always get a better price if you book in advance and internet bookings are probably the most competitively priced. Only driving around the island you’ll feel it, catch all the beauties and taste the dishes in small local places not touched by tourists.

What to taste? Away from the standard Spanish food, and the many tourist-oriented "international" style restaurants in the hotels, there is a genuine local cuisine. It is much easier to find a real British pub or a fast-food restau- rant than a 'Canarian tipico', usually distin- 6 6 1

Spots parched and arid. Tenerife features a range of natural contrasts, the south being totally different, both visually and climatically, to the North. The South is hot, dry and arid and it’s where holidaymakers crowd onto beaches, like Playa de Las Américas and Los Cristianos. The North is green and lush, which, of course, means occa- sional rain and constant clouds.

What will impress you? National Park El Teide. This National Park offers a fascinating landscape, created by the elementary forces of the volcano Teide. Chris- topher Columbus observed its last great eruption in 1492 from the nearby island La Gomera, just before continuing his discovery travel to America. In 1798 there was another smaller eruption. With a height of 3718 meters the Teide is not only the highest mountain of Spain but as well the highest elevation in all the Atlantic Ocean and worldwide the volcano with the third- highest elevation, behind Mauna Loa und Mauna Kea, both on the island of Hawaii. A guished by a short menu of soups, stews and cableway takes visitors up to 3600 meters. grilled fish dishes. From there you may climb the peak by foot. The traditional island food is gofio, a sort of On clear days you have a fantastic view. But at flour made from toasted cereals, often a substi- least equally impressive is the volcano's im- tute for bread. mense crater. After previous agreement with the Also, being one of the best-known dishes, try park's administration you may participate (by the Papas Arrugadas (wrinkled potatoes). free!) at a visit. You will then enter the crater, This dish consists of potatoes boiled and salted first with a cross-country car, then by foot, until with their skin. But, their real taste comes from you arrive to still active parts of the volcano. the mojos (sauces), usually two olive oil-based At the side of Teide there is a large flat country sauces: the mojo picón (spicy sauce) and the called Las Cañadas del Teide, having been used mojo verde (green sauce). by the island's original population, the If you like fish, you will feel in paradise on Guanches, as pastureland. Today it is covered those islands. Among the most typical regional with petrified lava having very bizarre forms, as recipes are Caldereta and Sancocho Canario, the Roques de García and several caves, as salted fish in a Mojo sauce. Cueva del Hielo or Cueva de los Cazadores. And its lunar landscape was filmed in such What makes it unique? movies as “Star Wars”, “Planet of Apes” and There are very few places on this earth where others. one can go from the desolate slopes of a volcano, through pine forests and deserts to a beau- Where to take kids? tiful, sun-soaked coastline and encounter a Regardless of your age you will be fascinated unique environment and ecosystem including all by Loro Parque. the geographical and natural zones possible. Originally a Parrot Park, it has now grown into And Tenerife is the one! Tenerife's second biggest attraction after mount The island’s mountainous northeast and north- Teide. west corners are lush, its southern shores The Loro parque is home to the world’s most important Parrot collection with over 300 spe-

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Spots cies, an amazing Sea-Lion show, Dolphin Show, Parrot Show, Aquarium with Shark tunnel, Go- rillas, Chimpanzees, Tigers, Jaguars, Flamingos, Alligators, Tortoises, Orchid House, Gambian Market, a 'NaturaVision' Cinema and the world’s largest Penguinarium with a reproduc- tion Antarctic climate within which 12 tons of snow falls a day.

Wonna adventures? Go to Maska. Masca is one of the most pictur- esque parts of the island and is the tip of the northwest that is covered by the Teno Moun- tains. Deep ravines interlaced with lush green flora accompany the winding roads. The road (sometimes in the clouds) leading from Bue- navista del Norte passes along narrow hairpin bends towards the village of Masca. It was until recently virtually unknown, but has now become a centre of attraction for those tour- ing the island. The setting of the village is magi- cal and its houses perch precariously on the narrow ridges of dramatic rock formations. Reputed to have been a Pirate hideaway, the small Bay of Masca on the coast is a three-hour walk from the village through stunning scenery.

Where to feel history? Visit the Villa de la Orotava which lies on the banana plantations of the Valley which bears its same name. This old town distinguishes itself by its magnificent and monumental architectonic structures, by its characteristic well-shaded Ca- narian patios, squares and ancestral mellow houses. The old historic centre - declared monument of artistic national interest - should certainly be visited. The Concepción Parish Church is also a national monument. The Casa de los Balcones ('balconies' house) is a jewel of the Island's traditional architecture. In La Orotava you’ll also find the Documenta- tion Research Centre of Spanish and American crafts.In the Orotava mountains there are many tourist paths where one can enjoy tracking excursions - some of which reach the great Cañadas del Teide, a protected National Park area.

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What to enjoy? gantes) are remarkably sheer rock walls that The list may be enormous. I’ll discover the most plunge into the ocean a quarter of the way down breathtaking places. the west coast of Tenerife. Massive cliffs drop Tenerife is indeed a continent in miniature... and almost sheer into the sea from a height of 500m more. Bizarre natural rock formations have cre- and 800m in some places. ated a lunar landscape I’ve already mentioned, Across the small bay lies the little port and re- that will really make you feel as though you are sort town of Los Gigantes and, virtually linked walking on the moon. to it, Puerto de Santiago. Not a trip for the easily winded, but certainly The only way for you to get closer to these worthwhile for any walking enthusiast. To get amazing cliffs is by boat. Once there, you will there, head towards mount Teide from Los Cris- get the real notion of the greatness within those tianos. Halfway to Teide you will encounter walls and maybe understand why ancestors con- Spain's highest town 'Vilaflor'. At over 1400 sidered them sacred. See, they thought the world metres above sea level, is a quiet town sur- ended here and who can blame them? rounded by pine trees and almond trees, with an outstanding typical architecture: the parish Among the many wonderful places to explore church and the old Palace of the Lords of this along Tenerife's north coast is the quaint town of area of Tenerife. Icod de Los Viños. This is one of the Tenerife's About two kilometres beyond the town you turn oldest towns, with a famous dragon tree (Drago right at an easily missed sign 'Lomo Blanco'. Milenario) as the main attraction. This tree is After a steady half hour drive along this dirt known to be over 1000 years old, although its track you will encounter a sign 'Paisaje Lu- real age remains a mystery. No matter what, the nar' (Lunar Landscape). Park your car and walk important thing about this tree is really its the rest of the way (40 minutes). beauty. So, do you feel like going to Tenerife? Now The Cliffs of the Giants (Acantilados de los Gi- you’re ready! 9 9 1

Around English ENRICH YOUR MIND (Continued from ##1,2)

Фразеологизмы, отражающие различные стороны традиционного образа жизни англичан

Eugenia Vedenina and Tatiana Gussarova Фразеология больше, чем другая часть словар- ного состава языка, связана с историей, традиция- ми, бытом народа. А поскольку ФЕ в подавляющем большинстве берут начало в народной речи, вряд ли можно ожидать, чтобы они содержали абстракт- ные суждения, выводы народного характера, эсте- тические оттенки или тонкий психологический анализ,- всѐ это почти никогда не встречается во ФЕ. Их внутреннее содержание отражает жизнь людей в еѐ простых проявлениях: благоразумное или глупое поведение, успех или неудача и отно- шение между людьми.

Как правило, содержа- to go through fire and нием идиом является water – пройти сквозь наш земной мир, а их огонь и воду (и медные атмосферой – проница- трубы); тельный, твѐрдый, ли- to die hard – не сда- шѐнный романтики ваться; здравый смысл. Удовле- to nail one’s colours to творение, доставляемое the mast – открыто от- богатством, выражается стаивать свои убежде- во многих ФЕ. ния; to be cock of the walk – to stick to one’s guns – быть хозяином положе- держаться твѐрдо, стой- ния; ко; to have the ball at to put one’s shoulder to one’s feet – быть хозяи- the wheel – энергично ном положения; взяться за работу. to feather one’s nest – Эта характерная обогащаться, набивать для англичан настойчи- себе карманы; вость находит своѐ вы- to be in clover – как ражение и во многих сыр в масле кататься; фразеологических гла- to have the game in голах. Например, выра- one’s hands – быть в вы- жение to muddle through игрышном положении. – довести кое-как дело Пожалуй, самую до конца – считается многочисленную и вы- почти национальным разительную группу об- девизом, а фразеологи- разуют ФЕ, выражаю- ческий глагол to carry щие такие черты нацио- on, и так уже многознач- нального характера анг- ный, во время первой личан, как решитель- мировой войны приоб- ность, неуступчивость, рѐл ещѐ одно значение: готовность бороться до «не сдаваться, драться конца. Сюда относятся: до конца!» 10 10 1

Around English

Всѐ же основным содержани- видеть в угрюмости и язви- флаг. В 16 веке на морях про- ем ФЕ остаѐтся, как уже было тельности британских ФЕ цветали пиратство и грабѐж, сказано, то, что более всего проявление национального и выходцы из Великобрита- интересует людей – их отно- характера. нии принимали в них уча- шения друг к другу. Много В связи с тем, что Ве- стие. ФЕ посвящено дружбе: ликобритания – государство Построив сильный to cotton to – сдружиться; островное, немаловажную морской флот, англичане to hit it off with – поладить; роль в еѐ жизни играет море. смогли участвовать в великих to get on like a house on fire Поэтому неудивительно, что географических открытиях и – жить душа в душу. эта сторона жизни британцев в захвате многих заморских Однако, фразеологиз- породила одну из самых мно- территорий. Войны на море мы, выражающие добрые по- гочисленных групп ФЕ – свя- породили следующие ФЕ: буждения, не так многочис- занных с морем. Энергичный to clear the decks – очи- ленны, как фразеологизмы, и выразительный язык моря- стить палубу перед сражени- выражающие неприязнь, со- ков полон специфических вы- ем; перничество, вражду, осуж- ражений; многие из них по- between wind and water – в дение, злорадство: лучили распространение, бу- наиболее уязвимое место; to hold at bay – держать в дучи метафорически переос- in full sail – на поднятых страхе; мыслены: парусах, быстро; a bad egg – ничтожество, to turn adrift – бросить на in the wake of – по пятам, пропащий человек; произвол судьбы (букв. пус- по следам; to give oneself airs – важни- тить на волю волн); taken aback – захваченный чать, чваниться; to touch bottom – дойти до врасплох, растерявшийся – to give the cold shoulder – предела (букв. коснуться первоначально говорилось о холодно принимать. Однако в дна); парусах, внезапно прижаться этом выражении речь идѐт не to lay an anchor to windward к мачте лобовым ветром; в о человеческом плече, а о ба- – принять меры предосторож- морском жаргоне впервые раньем: нежеланному гостю ности (букв. закрепиться на появились и выражения round подавали холодную барани- якоре); robin – письмо, заявление, ну. to strike sail – признать написанное на листе круглой Английским фразеоло- свою неправоту (букв. убрать формы, так что нельзя узнать, гизмам свойственны юмор и паруса); что подписался первым, и житейская мудрость; и хотя Davy Jones’s locker – моги- lump sum – денежная сумма, многие из них выражают уп- ла в море (Davy Jones для выплачиваемая единовремен- рямство, раздражение, осуж- англичан – злой дух). но. дение, было бы неправильно the jolly Roger – пиратский

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Несколько тесно связаны стену. Именно в городах в 12 вать достопримечательности; друг с другом язык и культу- веке с большой интенсивно- to talk Billingsgate- ругать- ра страны в самом широком стью распространяется ка- ся, как базарная торговка смысле слова, можно убе- менное строительство. Сюда (Billingsgate- название боль- диться, если попытаться сде- можно отнести и такие фра- шого рынка в Лондоне). лать набросок жизни горо- зеологизмы, как break stones Начиная с XII в., в горо- жан, крестьян и других слоѐв – выполнять тяжѐлую работу, дах идет интенсивное разви- населения, начиная со сред- leave no stone unturned – ни тие ремесел, и в середине ве- них веков. Часто материаль- перед чем не останавливать- ка они достигают необыкно- ное основание существовало ся. венного расцвета. Мастера столетия назад, а образное Дома теперь теснятся в одной профессии начинают выражение, которое и сего- узких и подчас кривых улоч- объединяться в городах в ре- дня живѐт в языке, напомина- ках, которые становятся цен- месленные цехи (shops). Пер- ет об этих явлениях, фактах и трами коммуникации. Чаще вые цеховые объединения поныне. Например: baker’s всего на одной улице живут встречаются в Англии уже в dozen – «чѐртова дюжина». представители одной профес- XI-XIIIвв. Цеховая организа- По старинному английскому сии: ция труда принуждает к обычаю, торговцы хлебом Harley Street- медицин- вступлению в тот или иной получали от булочников три- ский мир. На этой улице в цех всех представителей объ- надцать хлебов вместо двена- Лондоне живут многие из- единенного ремесла. Об этом дцати, причѐм тринадцатый вестные врачи. нам сегодня напоминают ФЕ шѐл в счѐт торговцев. Этот in smb’s street- являю- с компонентом shop: обычай уже давно не сущест- щийся чьей-либо специально- talk shop-касаться узко вует, а выражение живѐт до стью. профессиональных тем во сих пор. К фразеологизмам городской время разговора В 11-12 веках начина- жизни относятся также: shut up shop- свернуть ется постепенное отделение in the same street with -в дело, «свернуть лавочку» города от деревни. Меняется одинаковом положении; smell of the shop- 1) выра- образ жизни большого коли- back street- глухая, отда- жать, отражать психологию чества людей, в новых ситуа- ленная улица. лавочников, 2)носить узко циях общественной жизни О старом Лондоне напомина- профессиональный характер появляются новые фразеоло- ют выражения: sink the shop-скрывать гические обороты. a bear garden-место, где свои знания As safe as houses – совер- ведут себя слишком вольно и that’s the shop!-ну и ком- шенно надѐжный – можно шумно; пания! положиться как на каменную to see the lions- осматри-

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Немало образных выра- ризовалось особенно бедст- ния, как: жений, связанными с различ- венным положением кресть- as the sheep among the ными ремеслами и инстру- ян. Зависимость крестьянина shearers- как овца, отдающая ментами, создано в мастер- проявлялась не только по от- себя на заклание; ских и кузницах: ношению к сеньору, но и в follow like sheep- слепо to bring grist to the mill- подчинении сеньориальному следовать за кем-то; приносить доход; суду и в баналитетах lose the sheep for a heliport to hammer out- выковы- (принудительных обязанно- of tar- потерять что- либо вать; стях крестьян использовать ценное из-за мелочной эконо- on the evil- в работе; господский инвентарь, рас- мии; in the white heat- раска- плачиваясь за это частью a black sheep- «паршивая ленный до бела продукта). От непосильного овца», позор в семье. По ста- to stick to one’s last- зани- гнета крестьяне убегают в ринному обычаю, черная ов- маться своим делом (last- города. Об этом процессе на- ца отмечена печатью дьявола. сапожная колодка) поминает выражение free as Кроме того, отголосок старо- Ремесленный труд в Анг- wind-свободен как ветер; хо- го английского закона, по ко- лии развивался столетиями и рошо известный принцип торому кража овцы каралась всегда играл большую роль в «городской воздух делает смертной казнью через пове- жизни народа. Поэтому и се- свободным»- позволял фео- шенье, звучит во фразеоло- годня сохраняют свою акту- дальному крестьянину, про- гизме as well be hanged for a альность фразеологизмы, свя- жившему год и день внутри sheep as for a lamb= семь бед занные с темой обучения ре- городских стен, расстаться с - один ответ меслу и показывающие, что прежней независимостью и Лендлорды нередко заво- это нелегкое занятие: обрести свободу. дили крупные пастбищные to put a person through the Разделение труда между хозяйства, прибегая для этого mill-заставить пройти суро- промышленностью и сель- к насильственному захвату и вую школу; ским хозяйством в начале огораживанию земель и сгону to get into a groove- XVII в. расширяло рынки с них крестьян. Об этом сви- приобрести сноровку; сбыта с/х продуктов. С разви- детельствуют такие ФЕ, как: to keep someone’s to the тием сукноделия резко повы- to make hay of- нагреть grind stone-заставлять рабо- сился спрос на шерсть, при- руки; тать без передышки. водящий к повсеместному to hedge in- сажать, стес- Несмотря на рост про- расширению пастбищ для нить; мышленности, Англия вплоть овец. День и ночь выпасывая to live in clover- жить без до XVII в. оставалась аграр- овец на землян своего хозяи- забот. ной страной. Раннее средне- на, крестьяне внесли в разго- вековье (XI-XIII вв.) характе- ворный язык такие выраже- 13 13 1

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Такова была жизнь кре- чить рыцарские шпоры, вы- веселиться. Разного рода стьян и ремесленников. А двинуться, прославиться и др. праздники (в том числе и ре- мужское население аристо- Такие фразеологизмы, лигиозные) занимают важное кратии предпочитало прово- как to ride a horse to death- место в английском календа- дить время на охоте и скач- загнать лошадь; to go the pace ре и это, естественно, не мог- ках. Этот вид деятельности - мчаться во весь опор; to spur ло не отразиться в языке. Са- породил огромное количест- on- пришпоривать, подго- мый большой праздник- Рож- во фразеологизмов. Из жи- нять, подстрекать, говорят о дество. Так повелось издавна. вотных в них чаще всего упо- том, что погоня, например, за Об этом говорит пословица: минаются собака и лошадь, дикими оленями развивало Christmas comes but once a например: искусство верховой езды, year, but when it comes it to dog the footsteps of- столь необходимые воину. brings good cheer. выслеживать кого- либо; Фразеологизмы cross Christmas bunch- not to have a dog’s chance- swords- вступить в бой; eat «рождественская ветвь». В ни одного шанца; sword- получить удар; under день св. Томаса- 21 декабря the gray mare is the better shield- в бою, в битве восхо- бедняки группами ходили по horse - жена верховодит в до- дят к рыцарским поединкам, домам своих более богатых ме; которые стали особенно по- соседей, прося денег и пищи without turning a hair- не пулярны с середины XI сто- для празднования Рождества. взмокнув, без устали. летия. Победители брали про- Они несли с собой ветки оме- Охоту в аристократиче- тивников в плен, отнимали лы и падуба и там, где что-то ской среде ценили и превоз- коней и оружие, заставляли получали, оставляли по ветке носили в средние века преж- платить выкуп. Выражение этих вечнозеленых растений. де всего как поле деятельно- flesh one’s sword- обагрять Такую ветку хозяева обычно сти, на котором рыцарь мог свой меч кровью - говорит о прикрепляли над дверьми проявить свою силу и отвагу, том, что такие поединки не так, чтобы было видно, что ибо сражение с раненым ве- обходились без жертв. И тем они не отказали бедным в прем или медведем было не менее обычай оказался не- прошении. столь же опасным, как и с искоренѐнным, т.к. рыцари не The Abbot of Unreason- вооруженным врагом. Об могли позволить, чтобы о них гуляка- шутливое прозвище этом напоминают такие фра- сказали he that is afraid of главы рождественских увесе- зеологизмы, как: wounds must not come near a лений в Шотландии. to have a good nose for- battle = волков бояться - в лес иметь наметанный глаз, раз- не ходить. бираться в чем-либо; В труде и заботах анг- to win one’s spurs- полу- лийский народ не забывал

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Shrove Tuesday (Shrove предзнаменованием. В одной было ни больших праздни- Sunday- прощеное воскресе- старинной примете говори- ков, ни интересных обычаев. нье) - праздник масленицы лось: Lammas day - 1 августа, проводится теперь на Втор- If our lord in Our Lady’s праздник начала сбора уро- ник второй недели великого lap жая и первых плодов. Назва- поста, который носит назва- England will meet a great ние произошло от повсеме- ние «исповедальный втор- mishap. стно распространенного сре- ник». Его также называют May Queen - королева мая; ди англичан обычая прино- «блинный день» (Bannock’s девушка, избранная за красо- сить в церковь к утренней day), а в Шотландии и Ирлан- ту «королевой» в первомай- мессе в этот день для освеще- дии «канун поста» (Fester ских народных играх. ния караваи из первой муки E’en). St. John’s wort- зверобой. нового урожая. Вплоть до по- Ash Wednesday-первый Он был настолько тесно свя- следнего времени, по тради- день поста в Великобрита- зан с днем св. Иоанна, что в ции, булочники в этот день нии, «пепельная Среда». До английском языке стал извес- выпекают круглые караваи реформации это был торжест- тен под названием «растение хлеба с изображением снопа венный траурный день. Люди св. Иоанна». Именно в ночь на верхней корке. надевали траурные платья и накануне этого праздника Таким образом, все эти шли в церковь, где священ- старались собрать на зиму энергичные и полные жизни ник во время службы посы- различные травы для меди- выражения: отзвуки войны и пал головы прихожан пеплом цинских целей, т.к. считали, охоты, труда в поле и мастер- - в напоминание, что люди что целебные свойства этих ской, морской простор и бес- должны принести покаяние трав в это время намного эф- крайность полей и т.д.,- со- за свои грехи. фективнее. И особенно много ставляют животворный, кон- Palmsday - «вербное вос- собирали цветов зверобоя. Он кретный и колоритный эле- кресенье». Ещѐ и в наше вре- не только использовался для мент в языке. И мы обязаны мя у протестантов сохранил- лечения ран, но, по поверьям, его существованием бесчис- ся обычай идти в этот день в обладал значительной маги- ленным неграмотным людям, церковь с ветками вербы в ческой силой. Его пучки под- обладавшим остроумием и руках; вербой же украшают и вешивали над окнами и языковым даром, некоторые, церковь и дома. дверьми домов - как защиту будучи безвестными, но дале- Our Lady day- день св. Ма- от нечистой силы, цветы его ко не безгласными, сумели рии, 25 марта, большой цер- с этой же целью прикалывали выкристаллизовать частицы ковный праздник. Изредка к одежде. своего опыта в прекрасных случалось, что первый день The bitter six weeks - вре- формулах, превратить их, так пасхи приходился как раз на мя со дня летнего солнце- сказать, в янтарь, создать об- 25 марта, и такое совпадение стояния и до конца июля в разы и обороты, ставших дос- считалось у англичан плохим Англии и Ирландии, когда не тоянием всех англичан. 15 15 1

Around English Moscow Through the Eyes of a Foreigner

Kirill Azovtsev Margarita Bocharova Ivan Vorgunov Alexander Makarov Sergey Napiyev Artem Sokovikov Ludmila Shevchenko Form 11 Irina Vorontsova

History of Moscow the Byzantine Empire as diving retribution for Moscow was founded by the Suzdal Prince the betrayal of Orthodoxy. It proclaimed itself Yury Dolgoryky who was the son of the Kievan the Third Rome. It fact that the Mongol yoke Prince Vladimir Monomakh. The date of Mos- collapsed shortly afterwards only served to cow founding is generally accepted to be 4 April string then her belief in its destiny. 1147 year. This is the first record of Moscow in The powerful city grew in might and im- Russian chronicles. portance. By the end of the 16th century it was This little town grew rapidly because it surrounded have four fortified walls to defend it was situated at the meeting point of the most from enemy attacks. Situated on the Borovitsky important trade routes, and conveniently located Hill, the Kremlin was the centre of Moscow. in the very centre of Russia. Moscow’s heyday Craftsmen and traders settled nearly in the trad- begins with the time of Ivan Kalita, from the ing garter, which was enclosed by the new wall first half of the 14th century. It was then that it called “kitai-gorod”. By the end of the 16th became the spiritual centre of Rus, when in century a further two fortified walls had ap- 1326 Metropolitan Peter transferred the metro- peared – Beliy Gorod (white city), which fol- politan seat to Moscow from the capital city lowed the line of the modern Boulevard Ring, of Vladimir. In the same year the assumption and Zemlyanoi Gorod (earthen city), whose cathedral was built in Moscow after the style of boundaries became the garden ring. Roads to the assumption cathedral in Vladimir, and Mos- other Russian cities led from the Kremlin like cow began to feel that it was the successor to the the spoke of a wheel- to Tver, would still come ancient Russian capital. to Moscow to celebrate their accession to the In 1327 Moscow became the capital of throne Moscow door the brunt of Napoleon’s the Russian principalities. It led Rus to the Bat- war, and it is Moscow that Napoleon’s dreams tle of Kulikovo and managed to unite the frag- of word domination were buried under the burnt mented forces in fighting the Mongol invaders. out ruins of its building. In 1439 at the Florentine assembly in Italy In March 1918 the Bolshevik government an act of church union was signed, transferring moved from Petrograd to Moscow, and it be- the Orthodox Church to the jurisdiction of the cause the capital of the new Novgorod, Dmitrov Pope. Byzantium, which was Russian’s god- and other. The 18th century, the era of Peter of mother, entered the agreement in the hope of the Great’s reforms. Moscow lost its pre- getting military help from Europe in the battles eminences in favour of the northern capital St. with the Osman Turks. However, Constantin- Petersburg, which Peter had built. Nevertheless, ople fell under the assault of the Turkish warri- Moscow remained the heart of Russia. And now ors. at the end of the 20th century we are witnesses Moscow had not acknowledged the Flor- to Moscow’s renaissance. entine Union, and regarded the destruction of

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Each Metro underground and surface station is an original structure. The first line of the Metro 11,5 kilometres long with 13 stations, was opened to the public on May 15, 1935. Since then new underground lines have been added continuously. Construc- tion was not even stopped during the war years. In the blackest day of war, the Novokuznet- skaya, Paveletskaya and other stations were opened for traffic. In the vestibule of each of these stations one finds the following inscrip- tion: “built during the patriotic War.” At present, the over-all length of the Metro lines is over 150km. of double tracks with 70 stations. The top speed of metro trains is 80 km. (over 42 miles) per hour. The trains arrive at the stations at intervals of from 90 to 120 seconds. The cars are of all-metal construction and each accommodates up to 250 passengers. Most stations are very deep, though there are some tracks which surface. A forced ventilation system clears the air in the tunnels and the stations, changing it seven to eight times in the course of an hour. Many stations are interesting from an architectural point of view. Such as the Kropotkin- skaya station, build by the architects A. Dushkin and Y. Likhtenberg. Though extremely simple in line and style, it seems ethereal, for there is a feeling of space, light and air. The Ma- yakovskaya stations, also designed by Dushkin, is truly majestic. It has steel and marble columns, and the mosaic in the ceiling were done after paintings by A. Deineka, a well-known So- The Moscow Metro viet artists. The Moscow Metro is the fastest, cheapest, The Komsomolskaya(circular line) station most convenient and most popular type of city is also of interest. It was designed by the archi- transportation. Each day it carries nearly 4,5 tect A. Shchusev and the artist P. Korin. The million passengers. ceiling rests on 72 marble columns and the The Metro is not only convenient, it is theme of this particular station is the heroism of beautiful. When you enter the vestibule and ride the Soviet people and their fight for independ- down the escalator to the great halls deep under ence. The station has eight mosaic murals. the ground, you have a feeling of spaciousness. Construction of new Metro lines is continu- The country’s best architects, sculptors and ing. One needs only a couple of hours to get a artists created these underground palaces, which fairly good idea of the Moscow Metro. The most reflect the heroic era of building a new society convenient time to start out is in the morning or in the former USSR, creative work of Soviet early afternoon, but preferably before that it is people, and the historical events of the past. 2:30 p.m.

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Moscow State University Moscow State University was founded in 1755 by M. L. Lomonosov, Russian’s great sci- entist and encyclopaedist, and is named in his honour. At present, this is the largest institute of higher learning in Russian. It has 21 faculties and 8 research institutes. Altogether the university has 300 faculty departments. The University graduates research scien- tists, teachers for colleges and secondary schools and specialists in many fields. Moscow University has at its disposal more than 600 buildings and faculties including the beauty of a sky-scraper on Lenin Hills. Their overall area reaches 1 million square meters. In Moscow alone, the territory of the University takes up 205.7 hectares. In 1949-1953 a group of architects under the direction of L. Rudnev, Acade- mician of Architecture, constructed the new university building on Lenin Hills. This is a grandi- ose architectural ensemble centred around a 32- storey building with 18-storey wings. The building, including the spire, is 240 meters (787 feet) high, and the main facade is 450 meters(1,476 feet) long, one must walk nearly 150 kilometres (93 miles) to inspect all the premises of this building. The university on Lenin Hills affords every opportunity for fruitful scientific work, University library carers for about 55 thousand studies and recreation for teachers and students readers lending then 5.5 million books. alike. Moscow University maintains extensive Twice a week freshman and sophomores are international links. It is a member of the Interna- to have physical culture classes and do sports. tional University Association, has direct coop- Undergraduates may optionally go in for it in eration agreements with more than 60 centres sports sections or fitness groups requiring pay- and associations, with universities of Europe, ment. the USA, Japan, China, other Asian countries, Some faculties- history, philology, econom- Australia. Latin America, Arab states. ics, law, sociology, journalism and psychology- Some facts about the university: have evening departments, and in the faculty of the university occupies an area of 170 hec- journalism there is even a correspondence de- tares(420 acres) on Lenin Hills; partment. There are 45,000 rooms, halls, etc., in the A course in Moscow University runs for university; 506 years depending on the faculty and the form Of the left tower is a clock with a 9 meter of training. Before the graduation the student (29 feet) diameter; prepares and defends a diploma paper. As a rule, On the right tower is a thermometer and the courses of studies at the University are free barometer with a 9 meter(29 feet) diameter; of charge. But there are most 15 per cent of ap- The diameter of the star on the spire is 9 plicants who are enrolled as paying students. meter(29 feet); it weighs 12,5 tons; the spire it- The A. M. Gorky science library has the self is 60 meters(197 feet) high; largest university collection for books. Its de- A monument to the founder, M.L. Lo- posits house about a million volumes, of which monosov, by N. Tomsky (1954) stands in the 2 million are books in foreign languages. The university yard; 18 18 1

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Red Square built on the same spot to the design of architec- To Muscovites and many others Red Square tures Osip Bovet and Andrei Mikhailov. is one of the most beautiful places in the world. And the Bolshoi Theatre also there. Many Spreading out along the eastern wall of the outstanding opera singers including Fedor Shal- Kremlin, this vast plaza covers an area of over yapin, Galina Ulanova and Maya Plisetskaya 780.000square feet. Mane memorable events in performed there. The theatre stages classical op- the country’s history are associated with Red eras and ballets by Russian and West European Square. The square got its name in the 17th cen- composers works by Soviet composers. tury from the Russian word “krasnaya” which At the other end of Red Square there stands meant “beautiful”. a turreted red brick building. This is the State Russian craftsmen created a miracle of ar- Museum of History. chitecture – a festive – looking temple com- The Museum was designed by Vladimir posed of nine pillar – shaped chapels united by a Sherwood, member of the Academy of Arts, and single artistic idea yet totally differing in ap- Semyonov, an architect, and erected in 1878 – pearance. The original name of this building is 1883 on the site of the two- storey building that the Cathedral of the Intercession. In 1555- 1561 once was Moscow University founded in 1755 Tsar Ivan the Terrible had a cathedral erected in by Mikhail Lomonosov, the great Russian red Square to commemorate Russia’s victory scholar. over the Khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan. Today, the State Museum of history is a From 1588 this Cathedral has been called major depository of documents, drawings, pic- the Temple of Vasily the Blessed, or St. Basil’s. tures, maps, showing the country’s past and rel- Build of the stone in traditional Russian style, ics reflecting the history of the people inhabiting the Cathedral at the same time employs ele- Russia. ments of ancient Russian wood architecture. On the other side of the State Historical The beauty of the temple gave rise to a leg- Museum on Revolution Square is the statue to end. It was believed that Tsar Ivan the Terrible Marshal Zhukov unveiled in honour of the asked the builders of the cathedral whether they greatest Soviet general of the Great Patriotic could do anything finer or duplicate what they War, and an enormous underground shopping had constructed. When they relied, they could centre, with car parks and entertainment facili- he was infuriated and ordered them to be ties. blinded, so that there would never be anything In the centre of Red Square is the Lenin finer than the cathedral of the Intercession. Mausoleum, an example of Soviet architecture. Outside the grilled fence surrounding the Resting in a crystal sarcophagus is the body of temple stands the monument to Minin and Poz- Lenin, the great revolutionary and founder of the harsky. This is the first civilian monument to be Soviet Communist Party and the Soviet State, erected in Moscow and one of the finest in Rus- who passed away on January 21, 1924. sia. This monument sculptured by Ivan Martos Originally, a wooden mausoleum was de- in 1612. No portraits made of Kuzma Minin and signed in one night and built in two and a half Dmitry Pozharsky in their lifetime had re- days. In May of that same year it was recon- mained , so the sculptor gave them the typical structed and remained that way until 1930 when features of the finest Russian people of that day. it was replaced by a granite mausoleum of ex- No far from St. Basil’s is so – called Lob- actly the same shape. noye Mesto, a platform of white stone put up The State Department Store (GUM) is an more than 400 years ago. In olden times the important building with a glass roof which tsar’s edicts were proclaimed there and public stretches along the entire length of the Square executions carried out. It was there that Tsar opposite the Kremlin. It’s one of the Moscow’s Ivan Terrible had unruly boyars executed. largest department stores. In the 16th century Near it stands the Petrovsky Public Theatre this place was occupied by the first stone shops. opened in 1780 and destroyed by fire in 1805. Firstly it was run by two enterprising Swedish Nearly twenty years later, a new theatre was people Mur and Meriliz.

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The Kremlin cathedrals The Assumption Cathedral The heart of Moscow is Sobornaya Square. The complex of fortifications, the monumental cathedrals crowned by the As- sumption Cathedral, form a magnificent architectural ensemble. In August 1326, the foundation of the cathedral was dedicated to the Assumption of the Mother of God. Metropolitan Peter was buried here in December of the same year. The Assumption Cathedral was built by Aristotle Fioravanti, an Italian architect, between 1475 and 1479 and replaced a smaller cathedral of 1326 on the same site. Aristotle Fioravanti arrived in Moscow from Bologna together with his son Andrew. Aristotle Fioravanti created a cathedral in which Russian architecture found its new interpreta- tion. Fioravanti borrowed from the Vladimir Ca- thedral of Assumption the motive of a belt of decorative arches running up the walls, and round columns. The Kremlin Cathedrals has five cupolas, which became a main feature of Rus- sian church architecture.

The Annunciation Cathedral The Annunciation Cathedral contains icons of the great icon painter Theophanes the Greek. They have a timeless beauty which ap- peals to everybody. This cathedral, built between 1484 and 1489 by Pskov masters, was the Tsar family’s private chapel. Originally it had just three domes and an open gallery round three sides. Ivan the Terrible added six more domes and chapels at each corner, enclosed the gallery and covered the roof with gold.

The Archangel Cathedral was built in 1505-1508 by the Italian architect Aloisio Novi and was dedicated to Archangel Michael, the guardian of the Moscow princes. Like the As- sumption Cathedral, it is five-domed and essen- tially Byzantine-Russian in style. The Archangel Cathedral was for centu- ries the coronation, wedding, and burial place of Tsars. The tombs of all Moscow rulers from the 1320s to the 1690s are here. This cathedral sym- bolizes the glory of Russian warriors.

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Vocabulary

Historical sights of Moscow Senate Square – Сенатская площадь The Assumption Cathedral – Успенский Собор Sobornaya (Cathedral) Square – Соборная площадь The Annunciation Cathedral – Благовещенский The Cathedral of the Intercession (st. Basil’s Cathe- Собор dral) – Собор Василия Блаженного The Archangel Cathedral – Грановитая Палата The Diamond Fund Exhibition – выставка алмазно- Ivan the Great`s Bell Tower – АрхангельскийСо- го фонда бор The Cathedral of the twelve apostles – Собор двена- The Assumption Belfry – Колокольня Ивана Вели- дцати апостолов кого State Department Store (GUM) – ГУМ Great (Grand) Kremlin Palace – Большой Кремлѐв- Museum of History – Исторический музей ский Дворец Ivan the Terrible – Иван 4 Грозный Grave of the Unknown Soldier – Могила неизвест- The Spasskaya Tower (Savior) – Спасская башня ного солдата The Troitskaya Tower – Троицкая башня Alexandrovsky Garden – Александровский сад The Taininskaya (Secret) Tower – Тайнинская баш- The Cathedral of Christ the Saviour – Храм Христа ня Спасителя The Uglovaya Arsenalnaya (Corner Arsenal) Tower The Red Porch – Красное Крыльцо – Угловая Арсенальная башня Metropolitan of the Russians – the head of an eccle- St. Basil`s Slope – Васильевский спуск siastical province, ranking between archbishop The Troitskiye (Trinity) Gates – Троицкие ворота and patriarch The Borovitskiye (Pine Wood) Gates – Боровитские Tatars – a mongoloid people who established a pow- ворота erful state in Central Asia in the 13th century. Their The Tsarskaya (Tsar`s) Tower – Царская башня descendants are now scattered throughout the Rus- The Palace of Congresses – Дворец съездов sian Federation. The Tsar-Bell – Царь-колокол Kremlin – the citadel of any Russian city. The Tsar-Cannon – Царь-пушка Lobnoe Mesto – means place of execution. The Alarm Bell – Набатный колокол Red Square – in modern Russian «Krasny» means Sexton - пономарь «red», but when the Square was named it meant The Arsenal - арсенал «beautiful» The Senate - сенат The Armoury – Оружейная палата The Armoury – Оружейная палата

2.Iconostasis

Icon – икона The crucifixion – Распятие Iconostasis – in the Russian Orthodox Church, a A Holy Spirit – святойдух screen with doors and icons set in tiers, which sepa- The firmament – небесныйсвод rates the sanctuary from the nave. Christ Pantocrator – Христос вседержитель Sanctuary – престол The Day of Judgement – Страшный Суд Nave – архит. Неф, корабль (в церкви) Newbornheirs – новорожденные наследники Five-tiered iconostasis – пятиярусный иконостас Bebaptized – быть крещѐнным Father-Superior – игумен Presbyter – протопресвитер A modest partition – небольшая перегородка Confessor – исповедник The unity of the Old Testament and New Testament Murals (inthecathedral) – настенная роспись churches in Christ – единство Ветхозаветной и Sagesofantiquity – языческие мудрецы Новозаветной церкви в оХристе. Martyr – мученик, страдалец The Holy Gates – Царские врата Healer – целитель The Heavenly Kingdom – Царствие небесное Seven ecumenical councils of holy fathers – семь The Mother of God – Богородица великих соборов святых отцов Deisusny=intercession – моление Consecration – освящение The Icon of Christ in Majesty – икона «Спас в Си- The faithful – верующие лах» Profanation (desecration) – осквернение John the Baptist – Иоанн Креститель Ascension – восхождение The Virgin – Богородица Nuns – монахини Festive – праздничный Laymen – миряне Prophet – пророк (пророческий) Evict – изгонять Scrolls – свитки Cloister – монастырь The imminent coming – грядущее пришествие Shrine – усыпальница The Fore fathers – праотеческий 21 21 1

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3.Architecture: names, styles

High-socle – высокий цоколь White stone city – белокаменный город A sumptuous white-stone cornice – роскошный бе- Out of red bricks – из красного кирпича локаменный карниз The clock face – циферблат Façade – фасад The hour hand – часовая стрелка Pilaster – пилястр The Kremlin vaults – кремлѐвские подземелья Steeple – колокольня Restore – восстанавливать Interior décor – внутреннее оформление Gilded statue of St. George Triumphant – позоло- Grilled fence – решѐтчатая изгородь ченная статуя Святого Георгия Победоносца Quadriga – квадрига, двухколѐсная колесница, Onthesite – на месте запряжѐнная четвѐркой лошадей Gateway – ворота, вход Turret – башенка Focalpoint – центральное место Pediment – фронтон Toface – выходить, обращать Pendant – орнаментная отделка в виде подвески Wascast – был выплавлен Secularbuilding – гражданское здание Antonio Fryazinand, Pietro Antonio Solari – Италь- Belfry – звонница янские архитекторы Adjoin – примыкать Christopher Galloway Zhdanand Shumilo – уста- Plinth – цоколь, постамент навливали часы на Спасской Башне Sturdyoakbeams – крепкие дубовые брѐвна KonradandIvanov, architects – архитекторы, по- Fortifiedwalls – укреплѐнные стены строили оружейную палату Craftsmen – ремесленники Gerard – engineer, completed the ars. A secret well – потайной колодец MatveiKozakov, renowned Moscow architect – ар- Underground passage – подземный ход хитектор Chimes – куранты Posokhin – The Palace of Congress Be installed into – быть вмонтированным

4.Miscellaneous:

Moscow’s heyday – рассвет Москвы Orb – держава (шар) Successor – приемник Octagonal – восьмиугольный Principality – княжество Watchtower – сторожевая башня Fragmented forces – разрозненные силы Scepter – скипетр Under the assault – от нападения Axe – топорик Difine retribution – божественное возмездие Harness – упряжь, сбруя Betrayal – предательство Enamel – эмаль, глазурь Shortly afterwards – вскоре Chasing – резная работа Destiny – судьба Mello – работать чернью по серебру Enclose – окружать, загораживать Centenary – столетие Pre-eminence – превосходство Engraving – резьба Accession – вступление на престол Inlays – инкрустация Siege – осада Nuggets – самородок To ring out – вызванивать Brocade – парча Controversyrages – споры не утихают Gilding – золочение Testify – свидетельствовать Unveil – торжественно открывать Assassination – покушение, предательское убий- Oblong – продолговатый, удлинѐнный ство Converge – сходиться ( о дорогах) Dilapidate – ветшать Moat – ров с водой Double-headed eagle – двуглавый орѐл Devotee – набожный человек Seal – печать Stooge – подставное лицо, провокатор Temporal power – светская власть Toclaim – претендовать, заявлять права Five-fainted star – пятиконечная звезда Tobill – расклеивать афиши Semi-precious stones – самоцветы To embody – воплощать Consecrated – освещѐнный Wind orchestra – духовой оркестр Under the supervision – под руководством Folding doors – раздвижные двери Aristotle Fioravanti – Итальянские архитекторы Field Marshal – фельдмаршал Kryvtsov and Myshkin – архитекторы CrimsonRoom – малиновая комната Mark and PyotrFryazin – архитекторы Organrecital – сольный концерт AlevizFryazin – архитектор Pier-glass – трюмо Items of ceremonial attire – предметы церемони- альных украшений 22 22 1

Around English

Enhance – усиливать увеличивать Retinue – свита Parquet – паркет Embellish (adorn) – укрощать Axisfaxes – ось Museum reserve – заповедник Delfttiles – дельфтский фаянс Anticipate – ускорять Dumb-waiter – кухонный лифт Shipyard – верфь

5.Painting:

Courtyard – внутреннийвор Insight – проницательность, способность про- Mummy – мумия никновения в суть Pharaoh – фараон Specimen – образец The technique so fencaustics – энкаустическая Elude – избегать техника, относящаяся к живописи восковыми Expanse – простор, пространство красками Impartial – беспристрастный Fuse – плавиться, растворяться, сливать Manifest – показывать Carving – резьба по дереву Manifestation – проявление Carvedivory – резьба по слоновой кости Pictorial – живописный Emergence – выход, появление Clovenskulls – расколотые черепа Ploughedland-plaud – вспаханная земля Tranquil – спокойный Dissolve – растворять (-ся) Akinto – сродни, близкий, родственный Perceive – воспринимать, постигать Panel – панно Correlation – взаимосвязь Collapse – обвал, крушение Veritable – подлинный, истинный Indeterminate – непреодолимый Emphasis – выразительность Legacy – наследство Strove – стараться, бороться Unfold – раскрывать Utensils – посуда, утварь Boulder – валун Board of Trustees – советпопечителей Wanderers – передвижники Tilt of the head – наклон головы The dictates of conscience –веления совести Convey – передавать, выражать Intercession – заступничество Ineluctable – неизбежный неотвратимый Conduit –трубопровод Literally – буквальный, точный

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Fun What do we play?

Do you remember your first toys? I don’t. Nei- ther do most of my classmates. Do you remember your first console? That was the next question I asked them. They all do. Our toys have changed, it’s obvious. But how did they appear? What was the ancestor? We started dig- ging, and here are our findings. Welcome to the past!

Artem Bespalchikov Magnavox Odyssey Released in 1972 The Magnavox Odyssey is the first home video game console. The Odyssey was designed by Ralph Baer, who had a working prototype fin- ished by 1968. This prototype is affectionately known as the "Brown Box" to classic video game hobbyists. Unlike most video game consoles, the Odyssey is analog rather than digital, which makes its invention all the more amazing in spite of its rather crude graphics and controller responsiveness. Also, unlike any conventional console today, this system was powered by batteries.

Atari PONG Released in 1975 In 1973, an Atari engineer by the name of Har- old Lee came up with the idea of a home PONG unit. Since the PONG coin-op that Alan Alcorn designed was nothing more than the game board connected to an actual television set, he thought it would be possible to scale it down a bit and modify it for use at home. This would be a new direction for the fledgling Atari consumer electronics. If they could pull it off, they would be one of the pioneers of using high tech custom integrated circuits in the consumer industry.

Wonder Wizard 7702 Released in 1976 The Wonder Wizard Model 7702 was sold in 1976 and contains a Magnavox Odyssey 300 circuit board housed into a derivate of the 1972 Odyssey case. The bottom part of the case is identical, only the top differs and was made in two versions: one with silver knobs and wood grain only in the section containing the "Wonder Wizard" name, and one with black knobs and wood grain everywhere.

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Fun Coleco Telstar Released in 1976 Telstar, Coleco's first video game system, was released in 1976 and played only three games with three difficulty levels. It was the first system to use GI's AY-3-8500 chip and was a real success: over a million units were sold. The AY-3-8500 chip played six games with more difficulty levels, and the games could also be played in color. It was pretty obvious that Coleco would release more systems. At least 15 different games were released in two years with the only differ- ences between the "pong" systems being the number of games, the way the difficulty levels were used, and the type of pictured (color or black and white). An amazing detail is the way Coleco packed their video game systems, they were sold partially assembled. The systems were electronically ready to play, but the users had to put on the knobs and stick the decorative stickers on the plastic case. So far, only Coleco is known to have released their systems this way. It is believed that this was done to save on assembling costs. Fairchild Channel F Released in 1976 The Channel F was the first programmable video game system, having plug-in cartridges containing ROM and microproces- sor code rather than dedicated circuits. Not a very popular or entertaining system, it was nonetheless important at the time for having a number of original features which were copied by later more successful systems.

Fairchild released twenty-six different cartridges for the system, with up to four games being on each cartridge. The games included sports, such as Hockey, Tennis and Baseball, educational, such as Maths Quiz, board games, such as Checkers, and shooting games, such as Space War. The cartridges had labels that contained the game instructions on them and each were given a sequential number. In this respect Fairchild started a trend in trying to boost game sales by numbering them and so ap- pealing to consumers who wanted to com- plete their collection.

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Fun RCA Studio II Released in 1976 RCA could not accept the fact that they let the Od- yssey slip through there fingers (Ralph Baer the designer of Odyssey approached RCA with the deal first), and into the hands of there TV rival Magnavox. The RCA Studio II was their answer to the Magnavox Odyssey. Released in 1976 a few months after the release of the Fairchild Channel F, it would have been the first programmable console (Fairchild beat them to the release gate). The console was doomed from the start. The lack of a color display and control paddles made the unit old and dated. With only 8 games released, the Studio II suffered the same fate as Channel F. Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) Released in 1985 Following a series of arcade game successes in the early 1980s, Nintendo made plans to produce its own console hardware that had removable cartridges, a feature not included with the company's earlier Color TV Games product. Designed by Ma- sayuki Uemura and released in Japan on July 15, 1983, the Nintendo Family Computer (Famicom) was slow to gather momentum: during its first year, many criticized the system as unreliable, prone to programming errors and rampant freez- ing. Following a product recall and a reissue with a new motherboard, the Famicom's popularity soared, becoming the best-selling game console in Japan by the end of 1984. Encouraged by their successes, Nintendo soon turned their attentions to the North American markets.

Sega Master System (SMS) Released in 1986 After producing many games for early home video game consoles, Sega decided to develop a console system of its own. The SG-1000 and Mark III were available in Japan in the mid-1980s, but when Sega witnessed the early success of the Nintendo Entertainment System, the company knew it wanted a share of the American console market. So, Sega redesigned the Mark III, renamed it the Sega Master System (SMS for short), and released it in 1986, not long after the NES first came out.

Technically, the Master System was superior to the NES, with better graphics and higher quality sound. The original SMS could play both cartridges and the credit card-sized "Sega Cards," which retailed for cheaper prices than carts but had less code. The SMS also had cooler accessories (like 3D glasses), but this didn't do much good when there weren't very many exciting games.

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Fun Sony PlayStation Released in 1995 The PlayStation was launched in Japan on De- cember 3, 1994, the USA on September 9, 1995 and Europe on September 29, 1995. In America, Sony enjoyed a very successful launch with titles of almost every genre including Toshinden, Twisted Metal, Warhawk, and Ridge Racer. Almost all of Sony's and Namco's launch titles went on to produce nu- merous sequels. Microsoft X-Box Released in 2001 The Microsoft Xbox is a sixth generation era video game console first released on Novem- ber 15, 2001 in North America, then released on February 22, 2002 in Japan, and later on March 14, 2002 in Europe. The Xbox was Mi- crosoft's first independent venture into the video game console arena. Notable launch titles for the console include Amped, Dead or Alive 3, Halo: Combat Evolved, Oddworld: Munch's Oddysee, and Project Gotham Rac- ing.

In November 2002 Microsoft released the Xbox Live on-line gaming service, allowing subscribers to play on-line Xbox games with (or against) other subscribers all around the world and download new content for their games to the hard drive. This on-line service works exclusively with broadband. 250,000 subscribers had signed on in 2 months since Live was launched. In July 2004, Microsoft announced that Xbox Live reached 1 million subscribers, and announced in July 2005 that Live had reached 2 million. Show must go on! With the years passing by, more and more fantastic consoles are going to appear. It means – much more fun is yet to come!

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Fun

REMEMBERING SUMMER…

Reminiscences of the 6B Form students about the brightest impressions of the passed holidays.

Andrey Legkov Andrey Starikov Have you been to Bul- garia? I went there in My trip to Turkey summer with my tennis was unforgettable! I club. I won in the ten- visited a very high nis championship! mountain in Tek- Then, the ship took me kerova. To enjoy the from Bulgaria to Saint- views from it you Petersburg. Besides, I got should go 2365 m by an iPod and PSP Gold a cable road. for my birthday. It was the best summer! Pavel Mikhin Summer began with a trip to Saint-Petersburg. It was fantastic! We went to the island Valaam by ship “Meteor”. It was very cold outside, but we warmed in the cathedral. We bought many books and Dima Mamonov disks about this island. We enjoyed This summer I went to the Ukraine. It’s its beauties. The Valaam monastery a beautiful country. There were lots of is very big, there are many colourful fishes and dolphins in the churches on its territory. They are sea. With my friends we saw the ruins red, white, yellow and blue. We of a very old castle in the mountais. even tasted the monastery food And Sevastopol impressed me! which was delicious!

Artem Gubarev I had a four-day cruise in summer. These days were gorgeous! The cabins were cosy, the food was delicious. I made lots of new friends and was the happiest person in the world!

Ivan Nesterov What do you know about Croatia? I Nikita Svirin will tell you. It’s the most interesting I spent those hot days in the country. I country I’ve ever seen! There are many old castles and museums sometimes slept outside in the tent. I there. I liked the city of Dubrovnik. also remember seeing three big snakes Croatia is getting more and more once. Brrrr… popular also because food and Dima Zhilkin clothes are not expensive. And many May be it was a “snake” summer? I also people go there to do sports, too. I met one in my garden. It swallowed the went there to practice tennis. I ad- frog. I ran home for my camera and made vise you to visit Croatia! many interesting photos. Next time I saw the snake in the lake where we went swimming. I still remember that

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OUR COMPANY

Chief Editor: Bespalchikova Elena

Art Director: Shvedova Elizaveta

Editorial Assistants: Anastasia Volfson Eugenia Vedeniniya Narmin Gassanova Eugenia Teterskaya Alexander Motunov Artem Bespalchikov Tatiana Gussarova Irina Vorontsova

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OTSEBIASHKI

So, it means that you can speak LizShved English. Narmin

Teaching is the easiest job in the Do not cry because it’s over. world to do badly; it’s also the hard- Smile because it has happened. Another big riot. est job in the world to do well. Eugenia Bespalchini

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