Prevention As an Internal Security Factor at Zawiercie Poviat Michał Łaski

5. SECURITY STUDIES PREVENTION AS AN INTERNAL SECURITY FACTOR AT ZAWIERCIE POVIAT MICHAŁ ŁASKI

Abstract DOI: 10.26410/SF_2/18/12 The aim of the article is to show how the preventive actions of the Police forces affect the results of its work at the micro scale. The research was carried out in Zaw- iercie poviat. In the theoretical part, the article presents the considerations on the definition of internal security of the country and the role of preventive actions in ensur- MICHAŁ ŁASKI1 ing public order. The article consists of an introduction, [email protected] three subchapters and a summary. 1 Student at full-time doctoral Key words studies, WSB University, Community, order, police, prevention, security. Dąbrowa Górnicza

Introduction Internal security, as part of national se- security.According to StanisławSulkowski, curity, is an extremely important factor, internal security can be defined on the influencing the needs of security in civil basis of a dichotomous division resulting society.Police as a uniformed and armed from the external and internal structure of formation, provided with legal regulations, the state’s activity [Sulkowski, 2009, p. 14]. such as the Police Act of April 6, 1990 in It follows that the structures of the state are an effective and sufficient manner have the obliged to guarantee, with the use of legal possibilities to ensure the security for the tools and institutions set up for that purpose, citizens of the country.The aim of the study the order and security on the territory of the is to examine how the preventive actions of country.In this sense, internal security cov- the Police convert into its results at a mi- ers the entire sphere related to the stability cro scale.The study used statistical data and he ensuring public order.It should be analysis, the interviews with police officers noted here that internal and external secu- and author’s own observations.The study rity cannot be treated as a dichotomy, be- was conducted in the Zawiercie poviat as a cause these concepts do not stand in op- representative of a medium-sized poviatin position, but complement each other.This Poland. definition view is formulated in the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland Internal security – an of 2007, which specifies that national se- attempt of definition curity consists of the following types of se- The internal security of the state is a com- curity: external, military, internal, civic, so- ponent of the broader concept of national cial, economic, ecological and informative.. 136 5. SECURITY STUDIES

Internal security is defined in this document ests and goals (ideas, vision) or falls within as a state activity, which aim is to maintain the limits of the risk accepted by the entity the ability to respond in the event of threats (reality). It is implemented (can be) by any to public safety and general security relat- means of all entities, using all resources in ed to the protection of law, life and health various forms, scale and scope, usually un- of citizens and national property against der the direction of civil (non-military) per- unlawful activities and consequences of sons (institutions) [Rutkowski, 2010, p. 107].. natural disasters, natural disasters and Due to the complexity of the structure, gen- technical failures [National Security Strat- eral terminology and the volume of defini- egy of the Republic of Poland, 2007, p. 15]. tions, it is difficult to use it. The definition adopted in the document For the purpose of this study, a universal links internal security with the occurrence definition was adopted, defining internal of a threat or crisis situation. Internal secu- security as a state of undisturbed function- rity, after all, alsoincludes the constitutional ing of the country, related to the security of order, public safety and general security.. its organs and stability of life of its citizens Its purpose is to protect the life and health as a result of personal security and the se- of citizens, to protect their property, but also curity of existence. to protect national assets, both against ille- gal activities, as well as natural disasters or Police role in the local se- the effects of technical failures. curity system Cezary Rutkowski defines internal se- The need for security according to Abra- curity as a subjective state and process of ham Maslow is the second most important individual, organizational or collective con- human need after physiological needs. sciousness (community) in real or hypotheti- Therefore, it is the basic tasks of the state to cal adverse (hostile) action (impact) of inter- provide the basic social needs of citizens nal or external entities (forces, processes) with a sense of security. The local commu- or objects on objects of protection (defense, nity is an important social link that creates shaping) located (located) in whole or in part the foundations of social unity in a specific within the territory of the entity, conducted territory. Local security can be defined as . (overlapping) in whole or in part in this terri- a state within a poviat or commune, regu- tory, covering all issues of preparation, im- lated by a system of legal and non-legal plementation and development of security, norms, compliance with which enables solved by own or joint activity, carried out normal human coexistence in this area at exclusively or mainly based on its own deci- a specific place and time [Płowucha, 1995, sion, under its own political leadership, in p. 32]. which, thanks to faith (rational conviction) For the local community to feel safe it is about the effectiveness of implemented necessary to ensure public order. This term and planned own actions and other entities can be defined as the state of no threat to for creating and using opportunities for safe the state organization and the pursuit of its existence and development, as well as due interests, enabling its normal, free develop- to the possessed protective and defense ment [Misiuk, 2013, p. 13].The organs of capabilities, the existing or forecasted level of threats does not cause fear, fear, preser- Bronisław Malinowski places the need for security in the fourth place after metabolism, reproduction, vation of (achieved) recognized values, im- and appropriate physical conditions. The need for plementation of subjectively important inter- security corresponds to the cultural imperative of defense and protection PREVENTION AS AN INTERNAL SECURITY... 137

legislative, judiciary and executive power educational, economic, health, ecological are responsible for the protection of public policies, and those areas that have signifi- safety. Direct protection of public security cant impact on the existential security of is provided by the institutions specifically citizens. appointed for this purpose, i.e. the Police.. Police tasks are regulated by the Police Prevention of crime is both preventive and Act of April 6th, 1990. These are as follows: preventive. The term “prevention”, as indi- 1) the protection of property and of life cated by its Latin roots, means prevention, and health of people against unlawful anticipating actions (Latin praeventio – pre- acts violating these notions; vention), and prevention is combined with 2) the protection of public safety and or- prevention (Greek profhylaktikos – preven- der, including ensuring peace in pub- tive) [Polish Dictionary of the PWN]. As is lic places and in the means of public evident from the etymology, the two terms transport and in road traffic; overlap to some extent. According to Zbig- 3) initiating and organizing activities aimed niew Zarara, if we mean preventing the at preventing crimes and misdemean- creation of a prohibited act – we often say ors and criminogenic phenomena and “prophylaxis”, while if we think about prevent- cooperating with the interested state ing, or rather limiting further development of bodies, such as local governments and an already existing threat, we say “preven- social organizations,in this respect; tion” [Żaroń, 2003, p. 34]. 4) the detection of crimes and offenses The police should actively participate and prosecuting their perpetrators; in prevention activities to prevent dysfun- 5) the supervision of municipal guards ctions and threats to the local community. appointed by regional self-government For preventive actions to be effective, they bodies, as well as the supervision over require real commitment and cooperation other specialized, armed protective for- on both sides, i.e. the police, and the com- mations, in the scope specified in sepa- munity living in the given territory.In fact, rate regulations; the police must gain the trust of their poten- 6) the control of observance of order and tial partners in carrying out preventive ac- administrative provisions related to pub- tions. Cooperation with local government lic activity or in force in public places; is equally important – it is the cooperation, 7) the cooperation with the police of other not the police on its own, to protect the countries and their international organi- law and social order;such cooperation is zations on the basis of international shown by some local governments, when agreements and arrangements and they transfer some of the competences to separate regulations. the City or Municipal Guards they have set The legislator put in place preventive up. However, it should not be forgotten that measures implemented by the Police in with the establishment of new local govern- third place, which underlines the role of ment structures in 1999, the tasks carried measures to prevent threats in the daily out by the administration of a municipal- work of police officers. ity, poviat and voivodship, concern local government as well, by virtue of law, as the tasks to ensure public order and the security of citizens. Local governments, however, should concentrate their actions on social, 138 5. SECURITY STUDIES

The impact of preventive of 10 communes: • municipalities: Zawiercie, Poręba, measures on the results of • urban-rural communes: Łazy, Ogro- the work of the Police in dzieniec, Pilica, Szczekociny, the Zawiercie poviat • ruralcommunes: Kroczyce, Żarnowiec, in 2016-2017 Włodowice, Irządze. The Zawiercie Poviat is located in south- Poviat covers the area of 1003, 27 2 ern Poland, in the north-eastern part of the km and has 119 348 inhabitants (as of 2 Silesian Voivodeship. The poviat consists 13/10/2017)

Fig. Organizational structure of the Poviat Headquarters in Zawiercie

Source: http://bip.zawiercie.kpp.policja.gov.pl

In 2016, the preventive activities of Zaw- about 12,000. people. The following pro- iercie Police concentrated on the youth and grams were prepared and implemented for

senior communities of the poviat. There young community members: were 168 meetings organized, attended by Data of the District Authority Office in Zawiercie. PREVENTION AS AN INTERNAL SECURITY... 139

1) “Jura without addictions” – a meeting 1) “Safe senior” – a series of lectures at of the juveniles of the Care and Edu- the University of the Third Age in Zaw- cational Services Center in Zawiercie iercie. The topic of the lecture was the and the Family Assistance Center in safety of older people. The listeners Góra Włodowska with policemen and learned how to avoid threats in public lifeguards of the Jurassic GOPR Group. places and means of public transport, The meeting was organized as part of how to protect your personal data, how the nationwide program of the Police to protect yourself from cheaters. The Headquarters “Prevention and You”. It attention was drawn to seniors exposed promoted pro-ecological behavior, ac- to the cybercrime. tive and safe rest in the Jurassic areas 2) “Internet Week in Poręba” – the meet- as an alternative to reaching for all kinds ings were the part of a pan-European of stimulants. campaign. The leitmotif was the secu- 2) “Safe holidays with coloring book Sznu- rity of purchases and transactions in pek” – the program implemented in co- the network. operation with, inter alia, local associa- 3) “Preventive picnic” in Łazy – the action of the Local Development Center, tion promoting healthy lifestyle, active the GOPR Group in Gdynia, and the rest and pro-ecological behavior, ad- Water Voluntary Rescue Service. The dressed mainly to adult inhabitants of action addressed to the youngest resi- the poviat. dents of the region - kindergarten and 4) “Woman (not) defenseless – self-de- primary school pupils; it consisted fense course for women”– the course of creating and distributing a color- for women organized in cooperation ing book educating the habits of safe with the International Police Associa- recreation, combined with meetings in tion IPA. educational institutions. 5) “Commencement of the motorcycle 3) “On safety and first aid with children” . season” – an event promoting the prin- – meetings with representatives of the ciples of road safety.The programs im- Police, WOPR and JOPR with pupils of plemented by the Poviat Command in kindergartens in Łazy. The meeting dis- Zawiercie focused on matters related to cussed the principles of safe rest and security in many areas of life and pro- the principles of first aid. motion of appropriate civic attitudes.. 4) “Safe holidays” – an information cam- At the same time, in 2016, the District paign promoting the principles of safe Police officers in Zawiercie identified rest. The information was posted on the 51,518 people, conducted 7 739 inter- Zawiercie police website and distrib- views and arrangements, 702 people uted in the form of leaflets. were brought to the sobering-up center 5) “Starry bicycle rally” – cyclically organ- and they held 424 meetings with the lo- ized cycling competition for children cal community. and young people, promoting active In cases concerning domestic violence, rest and attitudes to counter addic- 2142 interventions were carried out, 205 tions. blue cards were made, 206 perpetrators The following programs have been pre- of violence were detained and 141 people pared and implemented for the senior com- were sobered up. The district subordinate munity of the poviat: to the Poviat Headquarters in Zawiercie, as 140 5. SECURITY STUDIES

part of the “Blue Card” procedure, together Driving the vehicle in a state with the employees of social assistance of intoxication and after 297 310 using alcohol centers, controlled the families affected Juvenilecrime 133 155 by violence and helped in solving prob- Source: own study based on data provided by the Poviat lems. They sent 88 speeches to municipal Police Headquarters in Zawiercie. commissions for solving alcohol-related . problems. In relation to 2016, the number of road The traffic police officers carried out accidents and collisions increased signifi- preventive actions on road traffic on an cantly. This may result from the increased ongoing basis. They participated in the fol- road traffic and road works, as well as the lowing actions: measuring the sobriety of difficulties on the poviat roads, but there is drivers, measuring speed, testing the tech- no preventive program devoted strictly to nical condition of vehicles. 283 drunk driv- road safety and conducted on a cyclical ers were disclosed, 9186 traffic offenses basis, whether as an information campaign caused by drivers and 998 pedestrian of- or as a series of lectures and discourses. fenses revealed. The number of crimes committed under Preventive programs implemented by the influence of alcohol also increased the Poviat Command in Zawiercie mainly (personal injury, property damage, driv- focused on improving the security situa- ing under the influence of alcohol). It fol- tion in the poviat. Attention was paid to the lows that alcohol abused by perpetrators safety of children during their leisure and of prohibited acts is still the biggest prob- on the road, the senior environment was lem. It seems reasonable to implement an acquainted with the digital threat and the anti-alcoholism program and conduct it on . methods of cheaters, using the confidence a permanent and / or cyclical basis. “Grass and naivety of older people. During eve- root work” conducted by the district, very ryday activities attention was paid to road needed and bringing tangible benefits, . safety and problems related to domestic apparently is insufficient. violence. The comparison of crime in 2017 in rela- Conclusion tion to 2016 is presented in the table below. The aim of the article was to examine the impact of preventive measures on the Tab. No. 1. Crime in the Zawiercie county in 2016-2017 level of crime in the Zawiercie county. Opti- Type of crime 2016 2017 mism is favored by the reduction in number Commonoffences 563 559 of drug offenses, which may be the result Criminaloffwnces 21 15 of preventive activities carried out in high- Brawls and beatings 22 19 risk youth environments. The number of Personal injury 38 47 crimes committed under the influence of Burglary,theft 119 122 Carstealing 19 23 alcohol is worrying. Moreover, it is pre- Stealing of property 260 236 cisely on actions counteracting alcoholism Destruction of property 103 120 in the future that it should concentrate its Drug offenses 118 109 activities in the field of prevention on the (proceedings initiated) Poviat Police Headquarters in Zawiercie. Economiccrime 503 688 If we apply deductive reasoning from mi- Road accidents 78 111 cro to macro scale – preventive actions of Road collisions 959 1194 the entire Polish Police should pay more . PREVENTION AS AN INTERNAL SECURITY... 141 attention to this problem and implement an effective program conducted over the next few years. Bibliography Informacja o stanie bezpieczeństwa w 2017 roku na terenie powiatu zawierciańskie- go, Wyd. Komenda Powiatowa Policji . w Zawierciu, Zawiercie 2018. Misiuk A., Instytucjonalny System Bezpie- czeństwa Wewnętrznego, Wyd. Difin, Warszawa 2013. Płowucha S., Straże komunalne – praw- ne podstawy działania, kompetencje w zakresie bezpieczeństwa lokalnego, [w:] Problemy bezpieczeństwa lokalnego. Materiały I Informacja o stanie bezpieczeństwa w 2016 roku na terenie powiatu zawierciańskiego, Konferencji Krajowej Toruń 10.12.1993, Wyd. UMK, Toruń 1995. Rutkowski C., Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrz- ne. Tożsamość – kierowanie – zarzą- dzanie, Wyd. Wyższa Szkoła Zarządza- nia i Prawa im. Heleny Chodkowskiej, Warszawa 2010. Ustawa z dnia 6 kwietnia 1990 roku o Po- licji (Dz.U. z 2007 r., nr 43, poz. 277, ze zm.). Wyd. Komenda Powiatowa Policji w Za- wierciu, Zawiercie 2017. Żaroń Z., Prewencja kryminalna. Podsta- wowe terminy, Wyd. Centrum Szkolenia Policji w Legionowie, Legionowo 2003. https://www.bbn.gov.pl/ftp/SBN%20RP.pdf 15.04.2018 https://sjp.pwn.pl/ 15.04.2018 https://www.zawiercie.powiat.pl 16.04.2018 https://stat.gov.pl/ 16.04.2018