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Policy Notes for the Trump Notes Administration the Washington Institute for Near East Policy ■ 2018 ■ Pn55
TRANSITION 2017 POLICYPOLICY NOTES FOR THE TRUMP NOTES ADMINISTRATION THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ 2018 ■ PN55 TUNISIAN FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA AARON Y. ZELIN Tunisia should really open its embassy in Raqqa, not Damascus. That’s where its people are. —ABU KHALED, AN ISLAMIC STATE SPY1 THE PAST FEW YEARS have seen rising interest in foreign fighting as a general phenomenon and in fighters joining jihadist groups in particular. Tunisians figure disproportionately among the foreign jihadist cohort, yet their ubiquity is somewhat confounding. Why Tunisians? This study aims to bring clarity to this question by examining Tunisia’s foreign fighter networks mobilized to Syria and Iraq since 2011, when insurgencies shook those two countries amid the broader Arab Spring uprisings. ©2018 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ NO. 30 ■ JANUARY 2017 AARON Y. ZELIN Along with seeking to determine what motivated Evolution of Tunisian Participation these individuals, it endeavors to reconcile estimated in the Iraq Jihad numbers of Tunisians who actually traveled, who were killed in theater, and who returned home. The find- Although the involvement of Tunisians in foreign jihad ings are based on a wide range of sources in multiple campaigns predates the 2003 Iraq war, that conflict languages as well as data sets created by the author inspired a new generation of recruits whose effects since 2011. Another way of framing the discussion will lasted into the aftermath of the Tunisian revolution. center on Tunisians who participated in the jihad fol- These individuals fought in groups such as Abu Musab lowing the 2003 U.S. -
Good Governance and Anti-Corruption in Tunisia Project Highlights – September 2019
Good Governance and Anti-Corruption in Tunisia Project Highlights – September 2019 Good Governance and Anti-Corruption in Tunisia 1 Good Governance and Anti-Corruption in Tunisia This brochure provides an overview of the project “Good Governance and Anti-Corruption in Tunisia”, its objectives, main achievements and the way forward. With the financial support of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office of the UK, the OECD is implementing this project in coordination with its Tunisian counterparts over a period of 3 years, from 2017 until 2020. Signing Ceremony for the UK-Tunisia Memorandum of Understanding with (from left to right) Mrs. Louise de Sousa, Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Tunisia, Mr. Alistair Burt, Minister of State for the Middle East of the United Kingdom, Mr. Kamel Ayadi, President Objective of the project of HCCAF, Tunisia, Mr. Rolf Alter, Director of the OECD Public Governance Directorate and The project aims to enhance stability, prosperity and Mr. Hedi Mekni, Secretary General of the Tunisian Government (Tunis, 3 August 2017) citizens’ trust in Tunisia. It accompanies Tunisia in fulfilling its good governance commitments of the London Anti-Corruption Conference and in implementing Partners & Beneficiaries: the 2016-2020 national anti-corruption strategy. Presidency of the Government, Ministry of Civil Three focus areas Service, Modernisation of Administration and Public Building on the work of the MENA-OECD Governance Policies, Ministry of Local Affairs and Environment, Programme and the OECD Recommendations on Public -
Nostalgias in Modern Tunisia Dissertation
Images of the Past: Nostalgias in Modern Tunisia Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By David M. Bond, M.A. Graduate Program in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures The Ohio State University 2017 Dissertation Committee: Sabra J. Webber, Advisor Johanna Sellman Philip Armstrong Copyrighted by David Bond 2017 Abstract The construction of stories about identity, origins, history and community is central in the process of national identity formation: to mould a national identity – a sense of unity with others belonging to the same nation – it is necessary to have an understanding of oneself as located in a temporally extended narrative which can be remembered and recalled. Amid the “memory boom” of recent decades, “memory” is used to cover a variety of social practices, sometimes at the expense of the nuance and texture of history and politics. The result can be an elision of the ways in which memories are constructed through acts of manipulation and the play of power. This dissertation examines practices and practitioners of nostalgia in a particular context, that of Tunisia and the Mediterranean region during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Using a variety of historical and ethnographical sources I show how multifaceted nostalgia was a feature of the colonial situation in Tunisia notably in the period after the First World War. In the postcolonial period I explore continuities with the colonial period and the uses of nostalgia as a means of contestation when other possibilities are limited. -
Tunisia Minube Travel Guide
TUNISIA MINUBE TRAVEL GUIDE The best must-see places for your travels, all discovered by real minube users. Enjoy! TUNISIA MINUBE TRAVEL GUIDE 1,991,000 To travel, discover new places, live new experiences...these are what travellers crave, and it ´s what they'll find at minube. The internet and social media have become essential travel partners for the modern globetrotter, and, using these tools, minube has created the perfect travel guides. 1,057,000 By melding classic travel guide concepts with the recommendations of real travellers, minube has created personalised travel guides for thousands of top destinations, where you'll find real-life experiences of travellers like yourself, photos of every destination, and all the information you\´ll need to plan the perfect trip.p. In seconds, travellers can create their own guides in PDF, always confident with the knowledge that the routes and places inside were discovered and shared by real travellers like themselves. 2,754,500 Don't forget that you too can play a part in creating minube travel guides. All you have to do is share your experiences and recommendations of your favorite discoveries, and you can help other travelers discover these exciting corners of the world. 3,102,500 Above all, we hope you find it useful. Cheers, The team at minube.net 236 What to see in Tunisia Page 2 Ruins Beaches 4 5 The Baths of Carthage Djerba Beach Virtu: The truth is that with an organized excursion you do lantoni: When I was at the beach I went to a club hotel not have much time for anything, and in my case I had a few ideally situated. -
Tunisia: Solar Investment Opportunities Emerging Markets Task Force Report
Tunisia: Solar Investment Opportunities Emerging Markets Task Force Report Supported by: Chair of the SolarPower Europe Emerging Markets Task Force: Stefano Mantellassi, Eni SpA. Contributors: Aurélie Beauvais, SolarPower Europe; Amaury Cassang, Finergreen; Lukas Clark-Memler, SolarPower Europe; Máté Heisz, SolarPower Europe; Sylvain Labedens, Envision Digital; Stefano Mantellassi, Eni; Lucia Odone, Eni; Antoine Poussard, Finergreen; Anja Spöri, SolarPower Europe. Coordinator of the SolarPower Europe Emerging Markets Task Force: Máté Heisz, SolarPower Europe. Contact: [email protected]. Supported by: Chambre Syndicale du Photovoltaic de Tunisie (CSPV) under the aegis of the Union Tunisienne de l’industrie, du commerce et de l’artisanat (UTICA). Acknowledgements: SolarPower Europe would like to extend a special thanks to all Task Force members that contributed to the development of this report with their knowledge and experience. Without their support, the development of this report would have never been possible. Project information: TThe SolarPower Europe Emerging Markets Task Force was launched in March 2018 and, since then, has become an active working group of more than 120 experts from more than 60 companies. The objective of the Task Force is to identify business and cooperation opportunities and thereby contribute to the energy transition in emerging markets outside Europe. Design: Onehemisphere, Sweden. ISBN: 9789463965927. Published: February 2020. Disclaimer: This report has been prepared by SolarPower Europe. It is being provided to the recipients for general information only. Nothing in it should be interpreted as an offer or recommendation of any products, services or financial products. This report does not constitute technical, investment, legal, tax or any other advice. Recipients should consult with their own technical, financial, legal, tax or other advisors as needed. -
A Study in Dispossession: the Political Ecology of Phosphate in Tunisia
A study in dispossession: the political ecology of phosphate in Tunisia Mathieu Rousselin1 Independent Researcher, Dortmund, Germany Abstract This article seeks to evidence the social, environmental and political repercussions of phosphate extraction and transformation on two peripheral Tunisian cities (Gabes and Gafsa). After positing the difference between class environmentalism and political ecology, it addresses the harmful effects of phosphate transformation on the world's last coastal oasis and on various cities of the Gulf of Gabes. It then sheds light on the gross social, environmental and health inequalities brought about by phosphate extraction in the mining region of Gafsa. The confiscatory practices of the phosphate industry are subsequently linked with global production and distribution chains at the international level as well as with centralized and authoritarian forms of government at the national and local level. Dispossessed local communities have few alternatives other than violent protest movements and emigration towards urban centers of wealth. Using the recent experience in self-government in the Jemna palm grove, the article ends with a reflection on the possible forms of subaltern resistance to transnational extractivism and highlights the ambiguous role of the new "democratic state" as a power structure reproducing patterns of domination and repression inherited from the colonial period and cemented under the dictatorship of Ben Ali. Keywords: political ecology, transnational extractivism, phosphate, Tunisia. Résumé Cet article s'efforce de mettre en évidence les répercussions sociales, environnementales et politiques de l'industrie d'extraction et de transformation du phosphate sur deux villes de la périphérie tunisienne (Gabès et Gafsa). Après avoir exposé la différence entre l'environnementalisme de classe et l'écologie politique, cet article analyse les effets délétères de la transformation du phosphate sur la dernière oasis littorale du monde ainsi que sur plusieurs villes du Golfe de Gabès. -
Tunisia 2019 International Religious Freedom Report
TUNISIA 2019 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The constitution declares the country’s religion to be Islam. The constitution also declares the country to be a “civil state.” The constitution designates the government as the “guardian of religion” and obligates the state to disseminate the values of “moderation and tolerance.” It prohibits the use of mosques and other houses of worship to advance political agendas or objectives and guarantees freedom of belief, conscience, and exercise of religious practice. Laws require that associations and political parties respect the rule of law and basic democratic principles and prohibit them from encouraging violence, hatred, intolerance, or discrimination on the basis of religion. The law states the government oversees Islamic prayer services by subsidizing mosques, appointing imams, and paying their salaries. The government suggests themes for Friday sermons but does not regulate their content. The government may initiate administrative and legal procedures to remove imams whom authorities determine to be preaching “divisive” theology and in the period preceding the 2019 national elections, the Ministry of Religious Affairs (MRA) declared that it would terminate employment of any imam or mosque employee who engaged in partisan politics. In September the Aleph Institute, an international Jewish organization that assists individuals in prisons, expressed concern about possible anti-Semitism in the treatment of two Jewish detainees held in the country, including Jewish citizen -
Tunisie Tunisia
TUNISIETUNISIA ROUTEUMAYYAD DES OMEYYADES ROUTE Umayyad Route TUNISIA UMAYYAD ROUTE Umayyad Route Tunisia. Umayyad Route 1st Edition, 2016 Copyright …… Index Edition Andalusian Public Foundation El legado andalusí Introduction Texts Mohamed Lamine Chaabani (secrétaire général de l’Association Liaisons Méditerranéennes); Mustapha Ben Soyah; Office National du Tourisme Tunisien (ONTT) Umayyad Project (ENPI) 5 Photographs Office National du Tourisme Tunisien; Fundación Pública Andaluza El legado andalusí; Tunisia. History and heritage 7 Association Environnement et Patrimoine d’El Jem; Inmaculada Cortés; Carmen Pozuelo; Shutterstock Umayyad and Modern Arab Food. Graphic Design, layout and maps José Manuel Vargas Diosayuda. Diseño Editorial Gastronomy in Tunis 25 Printing XXXXXX Itinerary Free distribution ISBN Kairouan 34 978-84-96395-84-8 El Jem 50 Legal Deposit Number XXXXX-2016 Monastir 60 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, nor transmitted or recorded by any information Sousse 74 retrieval system in any form or by any means, either mechanical, photochemical, electronic, photocopying or otherwise without written permission of the editors. Zaghouan 88 © of the edition: Andalusian Public Foundation El legado andalusí. Tunis 102 © of texts: their authors © of pictures: their authors Bibliography 138 The Umayyad Route is a project funded by the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) and led by the Andalusian Public Foundation El legado andalusí. It gathers a network of partners in seven countries -
Cultures Ramli À Ghar El Melh (Tunisie) Organisation : Union Locale De L’Agriculture Et De La Pêche De Ghar El Melh
Cultures Ramli à Ghar el Melh (Tunisie) Organisation : Union Locale de l’Agriculture et de la Pêche de Ghar el Melh Emplacement du site : 37°09’46.06’’ N ; 10°14’05.84’’ Accessibilité du site depuis la capitale ou de la ville principale voisine :6 km de la commune de Ghar El Melh, 40 km de Bizerte (chef-lieu du Gouvernorat) et 62 km de Tunis (Capitale) Surface du site :200 ha (culture Ramli/Guettayas) Zones agro-écologiques1 (pour l’agriculture, la foresterie et la pêche) : Polyculture en sec sur polders Caractéristiques topographiques : lagunes bordées par la mer et par une montagne au nord Caractéristiques climatiques : Etage subhumide (variante à hiver chaud) Pluviométrie : zone située entre les isohyètes de 500 et 600 mm par an Les températures n’atteignent pas des valeurs élevées, puisque les températures moyennes du mois le plus chaud, en l’occurrence Août, ne dépassent pas 30 °C. Cela n’exclut pas que des chaleurs extrêmes de plus de 40 °C soient enregistrées. 1Les zones agro-écologiques sont définies par la FAO comme des zones homogènes et contiguës avec des caractéristiques similaires de sol, de terre et de climat. La température moyenne des mois les plus froids (Janvier et Février) demeure aussi très clémente : 11 °C. La moyenne des minima s’établit à environ 6 °C. Les épisodes de froid extrême ne sont pas fréquents et les températures ne descendent jamais en dessous de 0 °C. Population (concernée par le système agricole) :290 personnes natives de Ghar el Melh Communautés concernées : Natifs de Ghar El Melh Principales sources de revenu : L’agriculture telle que pratiquée en Ramli constitue l’une des principales sources de revenus complétant ceux issus d’autres métiers (service, agriculture conventionnelle, fonctionnaires de l’Etat, pêche lagunaire et en mer) II. -
Tunisia 2020 International Religious Freedom Report
TUNISIA 2020 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The constitution declares the country’s religion to be Islam. The constitution also declares the country to be a “civil state.” The constitution designates the government as the “guardian of religion” and obligates the state to disseminate the values of “moderation and tolerance.” It prohibits the use of mosques and other houses of worship to advance political agendas or objectives and guarantees freedom of belief, conscience, and exercise of religious practice. Media reported in June that Mounir Baatour, a lawyer and president of Shams, a group that advocates for sexual minorities, fled to France after the government accused him in late 2019 of “incitement to hatred and to animosity between races, doctrines, and religions.” Police arrested four foreign nationals in Sousse on February 18 for distributing flyers encouraging conversion to Christianity. On July 14, the First Instance Court of Tunis sentenced blogger Emna Chargui, who since fled the country, to six months in prison and a 2,000-dinar ($750) fine for a May 2 social media post, “Sura Corona,” that mimicked the format of a Quranic verse as a comment on the COVID-19 pandemic. The government may initiate administrative and legal procedures to remove imams whom authorities determine to be preaching “divisive” theology. In spite of continued appeals from the Baha’i community, the government did not recognize the Baha’i Faith or grant its association legal status. On February 21, an administrative court ruled in favor of allowing the Baha’i Faith to establish an association. The General Prosecutor appealed the ruling and the case remained ongoing at year’s end. -
Map 33 Theveste-Hadrumetum Compiled by R.B
Map 33 Theveste-Hadrumetum Compiled by R.B. Hitchner, 1997 Introduction (See Map 32) Directory All place names are in Tunisia unless otherwise noted Abbreviations AAA S. Gsell, Atlas archéologique de l’Algérie, Algiers and Paris, 1911 AAT I E. Babelon, R. Cagnat and S. Reinach, Atlas archéologique de la Tunisie (1:50,000), Paris, 1892-1913 AAT II R. Cagnat and A. Merlin, Atlas archéologique de la Tunisie (1:100,000), Paris, 1914-32 Names Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference D1 A(...) RL Ksar Mdoudja AAT II, 30.133 H2 Acholla HRL Ras Botria Desanges 1980, 306 A2 Ad Aquas Caesaris RL Youks ALG AAA 28.253 B1 Ad Arvalla? RL near Koudiat-es-Snouber AAA 19.159 ALG F4 (Ad) Oleastrum? RL Henchir-Ferchatt-Zabouza Trousset 1992 F2 Aeliae? RL Henchir-Mraba ItAnt 55.4; AAT I, 73.19-20 G1 Aggar? HR? Henchir-Maklouba AAT I, 74.41; EncBerb 2 E1 Agger HRL Henchir-Sidi-Amara or AAT II, 30.262; Sebaï 1988; EncBerb 2 Henchir-el-Khima Aggar B2 Ain-Bou-Driès RL ALG AAA 40.62; Pringle 1981, 178-79 C1 Ain-el-Hamedna R? AAT II, 35.113 E1 Ain-es-Sif RL AAT I, 48.31-32 H1 Alipota?/ H/ Salakta Tissot 1888, 176; AAT I, 74.49 Gummi RL? C1 Althiburos HRL Medeina / Mdeina AAT II, 29.97 B1 Ammaedara RL Haidra AAT II, 40.5; Lepelley 1981, 64-68; EncBerb 4 H2 Ammonos Balithonos HR/ Ras Kapoudia EncBerb 12 Caput Vada Akra/ Caput Vada L § Brachodes Akra Ptol. 4.3.2 E1 Aquae Regiae RL AAT I, 63.43-44 (near); Lancel 1991, 1311-12 B1 Ardalius fl. -
A Few Remarks on the Ancient History of the City of Hadrumetum
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714 www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 9 Issue 7 Ser. II || July 2020 || PP 66-77 A few remarks on the ancient history of the city of Hadrumetum Jaroslaw Nowaszczuk University of Szczecin ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- Date of Submission: 14-07-2020 Date of Acceptance: 29-07-2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- I. INTRODUCTION Soussa (or Sousse), a city located on the Tunisian coast of the Mediterranean Sea, is mostly known as a tourist destination. Apart from enjoying excellent weather and mild climate which is characteristic of this area, visitors can see historical objects testifying to the former magnificence of the entire region. Many artefacts have been collected in an archaeological museum. The Christian catacombs are also a peculiarity with an ancient origin. To a present day traveller, the north–African location seems to be quite exotic because of the differences that exist between the commonly adopted habits and religions. It has been truly surprising to discover that Hadrumetum – as the city was called at that time – was embraced in the ancient times, as part of the great Roman Empire, by the same culture as Europe. Furthermore, events which have gone down in history took place there. The purpose of this article is to present some of them in a diachronic manner. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH Distant Beginnings Gaius Sallustius Crispus, a Roman politician and historiographer in the times of Julius Caesar, states in his description of a war with Jugurtha, a Numidian king, that Phoenicians built several cities on the coast of Africa.