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Diptera: Culicidae) of East Azerbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran

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Diptera: Culicidae) of East Azerbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran Iranian J Arthropod-Borne Dis, 2007, 1(2): 27-33 MR Abai et al.: Fauna and Checklist of … Original Article Fauna and Checklist of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of East Azerbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran MR Abai1, *S Azari-Hamidian2, H Ladonni1, M Hakimi1, K Mashhadi-Esmail1, K Sheikhzadeh3, A Kousha3, H Vatandoost1 1 Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Medical Sciences/ University of Tehran, Iran 2 School of Public Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 3 Tabriz Health Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Received 14 May 2007; accepted 29 Oct 2007) Abstract In order to study the mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) fauna of East Azerbaijan Province, some samplings were carried out by dipping method for the larvae and hand catch, night biting catch, total catch, and shelter pit collection as well as using window trap for the adults during June, July, and August 2004 plus July and August 2005. In total, 1305 adult mosquitoes and 603 larvae were collected. Seven genera and 15 species were identified in the province including; Anopheles claviger, An. hyrcanus, An. maculipennis s.l., An. pseudopictus, An. sacharovi, An. superpictus, Aedes vexans, Coquillettidia richiardii, Cx. pipiens, Cx. theileri, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Culiseta longiareolata, Cs. subochrea, Ochlerotatus caspius s.l., and Uranotaenia unguiculata. An. maculipennis complex, Cx. pipiens, and Cx. theileri were the most prevalent and widely distributed species. An. pseudopictus, Ae. vexans, and Cq. richiardii are reported for the first time in East Azerbaijan Province and a checklist for the mosquitoes of the province is also presented. Among the mosquitoes of the province, there are many potential vectors of human and domesticated animal pathogens that their ecology needs to be studied extensively. Keywords: Fauna, Iran, Mosquito, Species checklist Introduction claviger (Meigen), An. hyrcanus (Pallas), An. maculipennis Meigen, An. pseudopictus Grassi, The mosquito fauna of Iran includes seven An. sacharovi Favre, An. superpictus Grassi. Of genera, 64 species, and 3 subspecies. The re- the Maculipennis Group, An. sacharovi has cords of 12 other species need to be verified been recorded in the province by Beklemishev (Azari-Hamidian 2007). and Gontaeva (1943) along with Dow (1953) By now, five genera and 19 species of mos- and An. maculipennis by Zolotarev (1945) plus quitoes have been recorded in East Azerbaijan Dow (1953) based on egg pattern as well as by Province by different investigators (Beklemishev Djadid et al. (2007) using Polymerase Chain and Gontaeva 1943, Zolotarev 1945, Kalandadze Reaction (PCR) technique. There is no pub- and Kaviladze 1947, Dow 1953, Minar 1974, lished reference about the occurrence of An. Danilov 1975, Saebi 1987, Zaim 1987, Harbach pseudopictus in this province (Azari-Hamidian 1988, Vatandoost et al. 2005). Six species of et al. 2006). Kalandadze and Kaviladze (1947) Anopheles Meigen have been recorded in the reported Ochlerotatus caspius (Pallas) s.l. and province (Beklemishev and Gontaeva 1943, Oc. dorsalis (Meigen) in the province. Oc. dor- Zolotarev 1945, Kalandadze and Kaviladze salis has not been found in Iran recently. Zaim 1947, Dow 1953, Saebi 1987) including; An. and Cranston (1986) did not mention this spe- * Corresponding author: S Azari-Hamidian, Tel/Fax: 27 +98 131 3229599, E-mail: [email protected] Iranian J Arthropod-Borne Dis, 2007, 1(2): 27-33 MR Abai et al.: Fauna and Checklist of … cies in their checklist of Iranian Culicinae. The areas are agriculture and husbandry and in ur- occurrence of this species in Iran needs to be ban, service, business, and industry. verified. Dow (1953) reported Uranotaenia un- Specimen and data collection guiculata Edwards in this province. Zaim To study the mosquito fauna, sampling was (1987) mentioned seven species of Culex L. and carried out in East Azerbaijan Province by three species of Culiseta Felt in the province as dipping method for collecting larvae and hand follows: Culex modestus Ficalbi, Cx. mimeticus catch, night biting catch on human, cow, and Noe, Cx. perexiguus Theobald, Cx. theileri donkey, total catch, and shelter pit collection Theobald, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus Giles, Cx. hort- and using window trap for the adults during ensis Ficalbi, Cx. pipiens L., Culiseta longiareo- June, July, as well as August 2004 and July lata (Macquart), Cs. alaskaensis Ludlow, and plus August 2005. The specimens were col- Cs. subochrea (Edwards). There is only one lected from six counties in the different topog- recent study on the mosquitoes in the province raphical and climatic areas of the province includ- in relation to malaria and anophelines (Vatan- ing: Ahar, Ajabshir, Jolfa, Kaleibar, Maragheh, doost et al. 2005). and Tabriz Counties. In addition, some adult As mentioned above, the data on the mos- mosquitoes were reared from the pupae. The quitoes of East Azerbaijan Province are mostly larvae were preserved in lactophenol and the old and scattered. In order to study the mos- microscopic slides of the preserved larvae were quito fauna and providing a primary checklist, prepared using Berlese medium. The adult an investigation was carried out in the province. mosquitoes were pinned. The adult specimens and the third and fourth stage larvae were Materials and Methods identified using the keys of Shahgudian (1960), Zaim and Cranston (1986), Harbach (1988), and Darsie and Samanidou-Voyadjoglou (1997). Study area Mosquito name abbreviations are cited based East Azerbaijan Province is located in on Reinert (2001). northwestern Iran between 39º 26´- 36º 45´ N latitudes and 45º 5´- 48º 22´ E longitudes and has mostly foothill and mountainous areas with Results an area of approximately 45490 square kilome- ters. The province is bounded by the Republic Totally 1305 adult mosquitoes and 603 lar- of Azerbaijan and Armenia in the north, West vae were collected and seven genera along with Azerbaijan Province in the west and the south, 15 species were identified, including; An. claviger, Zanjan Province in the south, and Ardebil An. hyrcanus, An. maculipennis s.l., An. pseu- Province in the east. This province formally dopictus, An. sacharovi, An. superpictus, Aedes includes 19 counties. The center of the prov- vexans (Meigen), Coquillettidia richiardii (Fi- ince, Tabriz City, is in almost 1360 m above calbi), Cx. pipiens, Cx. theileri, Cx. tritaenio- sea level. The average annual rainfall is about rhynchus, Cs. longiareolata, Cs. subochrea, Oc. 300 mm. The average relative humidity caspius s.l., and Ur. unguiculata. These species changes are from 44% (12:30 pm) to 67% (6:30 were collected from the mountainous areas of pm). The averages of the maximum and mini- the province on 12 occasions in June-August 2004 mum temperatures are 17.7 °C and 6.8 °C, re- and on 11 occasions in July and August 2005. spectively, and the average temperature is 12.3 °C Aedes vexans and Cq. richiardii are recorded (these are 30 year data from Tabriz Synoptic for the first time in East Azerbaijan Province Station). The province includes arid and semi- and this is the first formal report of An. pseu- arid climates. The main occupations in rural dopictus in the province. Uranotaenia unguiculata 28 Iranian J Arthropod-Borne Dis, 2007, 1(2): 27-33 MR Abai et al.: Fauna and Checklist of … was collected only in the larval stage and Ae. lected by different methods are shown in Table 3. vexans, Cq. richiardii, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and The checklist of mosquitoes of East Azer- Cs. subochrea only in the adult stage. Anopheles baijan Province is given below. Ochlerotatus maculipennis complex, Cx. pipiens, and Cx. dorsalis is not mentioned here. As it was ex- theileri were the most prevalent species and plained before the occurrence of this species in collected in almost all of the counties, but An. Iran needs to be verified (The first and new claviger, An. hyrcanus, An. pseudopictus, Ae. formal records are shown by*): vexans, Cq. richiardii, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cs. subochrea, and Oc. caspius s.l. were 1- Anopheles claviger (Meigen, 1804) collected only in Kaleibar County (Table 1 and 2). 2- An. hyrcanus (Pallas, 1771) Anopheles maculipennis s.l., An. sacharovi, Cx. 3- An. maculipennis Meigen, 1818 pipiens, Cx. theileri, and Oc. caspius s.l. were 4- An. pseudopictus Grassi, 1899 * collected by different methods, but An. claviger, 5- An. sacharovi Favre, 1903 An. pseudopictus, and Ae. vexans by hand catch 6- An. superpictus Grassi, 1899 plus night biting catch; An. hyrcanus, An. su- 7- Aedes vexans (Meigen, 1830) * perpictus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and Cs. longiareo- 8- Coquillettidia richiardii (Ficalbi, 1889) * lata only by hand catch; and Cq. richiardii 9- Culex hortensis Ficalbi, 1889 along with Cs. subochrea only by night biting 10- Cx. mimeticus Noe, 1899 catch. Aedes vexans, Cq. richiardii, and Cs. subo- 11- Cx. modestus Ficalbi, 1889 chrea were collected from only outdoors and 12- Cx. perexiguus Theobald, 1903 An. hyrcanus, An. superpictus, Cx. tritaenio- 13- Cx. pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 rhynchus, and Cs. longiareolata from only indoors 14- Cx. theileri Theobald, 1903 and other species from both indoors and outdoors 15- Cx. tritaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901 (Table 3). Composition and localities of the 16- Culiseta alaskaensis Ludlow, 1906 adult mosquitoes collected in this survey are 17- Cs. longiareolata (Macquart, 1838) shown in Table 1. Composition and localities of 18- Cs. subochrea (Edwards, 1921) the larvae of mosquitoes collected in this survey 19- Ochlerotatus caspius (Pallas, 1771) s.l. are shown in Table 2. The adult mosquitoes col 20- Uranotaenia unguiculata Edwards, 1913 Table 1. Composition and localities of the adult mosquitoes collected in East Azerbaijan Province during June, July, and August 2004 and July and August 2005 Species County No. % Ahar Ajabshir Kaleibar Maragheh Tabriz An. claviger - - 3 - - 3 0.2 An. hyrcanus - - 1 - - 1 0.1 An. maculipennis s.l. 20 - 266 - 4 290 22.2 An. pseudopictus - - 94 - - 94 7.2 An. sacharovi - - 427 - - 427 32.7 An.
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