DOCSLIB.ORG

Malaria Situation in a Clear Area of Iran: an Approach for the Better

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Malaria Situation in a Clear Area of Iran: an Approach for the Better Azizi et al. Malar J (2020) 19:114 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03188-7 Malaria Journal RESEARCH Open Access Malaria situation in a clear area of Iran: an approach for the better understanding of the health service providers’ readiness and challenges for malaria elimination in clear areas Hosein Azizi1,2*, Elham Davtalab‑Esmaeili2, Mostafa Farahbakhsh2, Maryam Zeinolabedini3, Yagoub Mirzaei4 and Mohammad Mirzapour5 Abstract Background: Malaria mortality and morbidity have decreased in recent years. Malaria elimination (ME) and efective eforts to achieve ME is one of the most important priorities for health systems in countries in the elimination phase. In very low transmission areas, the ME programme is faced with serious challenges. This study aimed to assess the trend while getting a better understanding of Health Service Providers’ (HSPs) readiness and challenges for ME in a clear area of Iran. Methods: This study was performed in two phases. At frst, the malaria trend in East Azerbaijan Province, was sur‑ veyed from 2001 to 2018; afterward, it was compared with the national situation for a better understanding of the second phase of the study. Data were collected from the Ministry of Health’s protocol and the health centre of the province. In the second phase, malaria control programme experts, health system researchers, and health managers’ opinions were collected via in‑depth interviews. They were asked regarding HSPs readiness and appropriate Malaria Case Management (MCM) in a clear area and possible challenges. Results: A total of 135 and 154,560 cases were reported in the last 18 years in East Azerbaijan Province and Iran, respectively. The incidence rate decreased in East Azerbaijan Province from 0.4/10,000 in 2001 to zero in 2018. Further‑ more, no indigenous transmission was reported for 14 years. Also, for the frst time, there was no indigenous transmis‑ sion in Iran in 2018. The main elicited themes of HSPs readiness through in‑depth interviews were: appropriate MCM, holistic and role‑playing studies for assessment of HSPs performance, system mobilization, improving identifcation and diagnosis of suspected cases in the frst line. Similarly, the main possible challenges were found to be decreas‑ ing health system sensitivity, malaria re‑introduction, and withdrawing febrile suspected cases from the surveillance chain. Conclusion: Health systems in eliminating phase should be aware that the absence of malaria cases reported does not necessarily mean that malaria is eliminated; in order to obtain valid data and to determine whether it is *Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creat iveco mmons .org/licen ses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creat iveco mmons .org/publi cdoma in/ zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Azizi et al. Malar J (2020) 19:114 Page 2 of 10 eliminated, holistic and role‑playing studies are required. Increasing system sensitivity and mobilization are deemed important to achieve ME. Keywords: Challenges, Elimination, Iran, Malaria, Readiness, Health service provider Background understood. Tus, advances in understanding local According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and up-to-date information about malaria trends and report in 2018, malaria mortality and morbidity have situations in clear areas are essential for the National decreased in recent years [1]. In 2017, the number of Malaria Control Programme and health policymak- malaria deaths was reduced from 607,000 to 435,000 ers in countries in the elimination phase. Another aim compared to 2010, also, during these years the global of this study is to assist policymakers in better under- incidence rate of malaria reduced from 72 to 59 cases per standing of system readiness and challenges for ME 1000 population at risk [2]. Many countries in the world as well as adopting an appropriate strategy to adjust made substantial progress in malaria elimination (ME). barriers and challenges in clear areas [14]. Hence, the Te WHO has defned that ME is the interruption of present study aimed to investigate HSPs readiness and indigenous transmission of a specifed malaria parasite challenges for ME and malaria trends in East Azerbai- species in a defned geographic area; continued measures jan Province from 2001 to 2018. are required to prevent re-establishment of transmission [3, 4]. In Iran, during the last decades, malaria has been the Methods most important infectious disease with about 1500 cases Study design per year, especially, in southern and southeastern areas Tis study was performed in East Azerbaijan Prov- [5, 6]. ME was started with political commitment, inter- ince, northwest of Iran in which no Indigenous malaria sectional collaboration, and evidence-based research in case has been reported for 15 years (from 2005). Tis 2009 and Iranian health system is planning for ME certi- study was composed of two sections. In the frst sec- fcation in 2025 [7]. During the last decades, vector con- tion, malaria trend was investigated from 2001 to 2018 trol interventions as well as many efective eforts have in East Azerbaijan Province, an area of Iran considered been done for malaria control including enlarged cover- cleared of malaria. age of integrated vector management (IVM), using rapid In section two, 6 in-depth interviews were conducted diagnostic tests (RDTs), appropriate case management, with two malaria feld experts (one with master’s degree training of microscopists and Health Service Providers and the other a medical doctor), who monitored and (HSPs), and developing a malaria early warning system supervised malaria control programme, two were vice [7–9]. For the frst time, zero indigenous case reported managers and the other two were researchers with in Iran in 2018. A large amount of efective eforts, envi- PhD in health system from Tabriz University of Medi- ronmental measures, and proper case management were cal Sciences. In Iran, medical universities are responsi- conducted for malaria control in Iran [10]. ble authorities for the health system in each province. In clear areas and countries in elimination phase, Te Iranian health system is composed of three levels system readiness, an appropriate malaria case manage- based on referral system; the frst level is primary level ment (MCM), such as identifcation, diagnosis, appro- of health services to access all urban and rural popula- priate treatment and urgent report of malaria cases to tions by family physicians and various types of HSPs. the public sector, and system vigilance were decreased When patients need special health services, they are [11]. In these areas, the management of suspected referred to the second level (county hospitals) by family malaria or febrile cases is defective due to the very low physicians, and when high special services are required, or absence of malaria transmission [12, 13]. Terefore, patients are referred to province referral hospitals with the sustainability of elimination status and appropriate high special services [15, 16]. It is worthwhile to men- MCM are necessary for pre-elimination. Based on the tion that in Iran all malaria control services in the pub- province malaria department data in northwest of Iran, lic sector such as diagnosis and treatment of malaria East Azerbaijan Province, the indigenous transmission cases are free and anti-malarial drugs are available only has been absent for 14 years and imported cases were in the public sector in the frst referral level. Te public very few. However, it seems that in clear areas, malaria sector is responsible for malaria control in Iran. Not to surveillance and HSPs readiness statuses are poorly mention that private sector has to report any identifca- tion of a suspected malaria case to public sector. Azizi et al. Malar J (2020) 19:114 Page 3 of 10 Defnitions the national situation for a better understanding of the Health service providers (HSPs) are primary health care Iranian malaria situation and malaria elimination pro- practitioners who visit people with common medical gramme goal with planning for elimination in 2025 and problems. HSPs are the frst line providers whom sus- receiving ME certifcation which is awarded for national pected malaria cases referred in the frst step. Tese geographical level. Fortunately, in most Iranian prov- providers comprised of emergency physicians, family inces, there is no indigenous malaria transmission. physicians, general practitioners, public or private sector Hence, the main objective of this study is to assess the specialists (in health centres, hospitals, and clinics), phar- HSPs readiness for ME in specifc regions (East Azerbai- macists, health workers, and health care providers in cit- jan Province) of Iran and to understand the challenges ies and villages. associated with ME in general. HSPs readiness in this study, readiness is relevant to HSPs practice and performance in the management In‑depth interviews of patients with a history compatible with suspected Te face to face in-depth interviews were conducted with malaria.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Accepted Manuscript
    Accepted Manuscript Analysis of the 2012 Ahar-Varzeghan (Iran) seismic sequence: Insights from statistical and stress transfer modeling Pouye Yazdi, Miguel Angel Santoyo, Jorge M. Gaspar-Escribano PII: S0921-8181(17)30368-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.12.007 Reference: GLOBAL 2691 To appear in: Global and Planetary Change Received date: 16 July 2017 Revised date: 17 October 2017 Accepted date: 6 December 2017 Please cite this article as: Pouye Yazdi, Miguel Angel Santoyo, Jorge M. Gaspar-Escribano , Analysis of the 2012 Ahar-Varzeghan (Iran) seismic sequence: Insights from statistical and stress transfer modeling. The address for the corresponding author was captured as affiliation for all authors. Please check if appropriate. Global(2017), https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.12.007 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Analysis of the 2012 Ahar-Varzeghan (Iran) Seismic Sequence: Insights from Statistical and Stress Transfer Modeling Pouye Yazdi (1); Miguel Angel Santoyo (2); Jorge M. Gaspar-Escribano (3) (1) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), ETSI Topografía, Geodesia y Cartografía, C/Mercator 2, Campus Sur 28031 Madrid, Spain [email protected] (2) Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Institute of Geophysics in Campus Morelia 58190 Morelia, México [email protected] (3) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), ETSI Topografía, Geodesia y Cartografía, C/Mercator 2, Campus Sur 28031 Madrid, Spain [email protected] Abstract The 2012 Ahar-Varzeghan (Northwestern Iran) earthquake doublet and its following seismic sequence are analyzed in this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • The State and Rural Development in Post-Revolutionary Iran
    The State and Rural Development in Post-Revolutionary Iran Ali Shakoori shakoori/94513/crc 6/3/01 4:13 pm Page 1 The State and Rural Development in Post-Revolutionary Iran This page intentionally left blank shakoori/94513/crc 6/3/01 4:13 pm Page 3 The State and Rural Development in Post-Revolutionary Iran Ali Shakoori Assistant Professor The Faculty of Social Sciences University of Tehran Iran shakoori/94513/crc 6/3/01 4:13 pm Page 4 © Ali Shakoori 2001 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2001 by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). ISBN 0–333–77613–5 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
    [Show full text]
  • And “Climate”. Qarah Dagh in Khorasan Ostan on the East of Iran 1
    IRAN STATISTICAL YEARBOOK 1397 1. LAND AND CLIMATE Introduction T he statistical information that appeared in this of Tehran and south of Mazandaran and Gilan chapter includes “geographical characteristics and Ostans, Ala Dagh, Binalud, Hezar Masjed and administrative divisions” ,and “climate”. Qarah Dagh in Khorasan Ostan on the east of Iran 1. Geographical characteristics and aministrative and joins Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan. divisions The mountain ranges in the west, which have Iran comprises a land area of over 1.6 million extended from Ararat mountain to the north west square kilometers. It lies down on the southern half and the south east of the country, cover Sari Dash, of the northern temperate zone, between latitudes Chehel Cheshmeh, Panjeh Ali, Alvand, Bakhtiyari 25º 04' and 39º 46' north, and longitudes 44º 02' and mountains, Pish Kuh, Posht Kuh, Oshtoran Kuh and 63º 19' east. The land’s average height is over 1200 Zard Kuh which totally form Zagros ranges. The meters above seas level. The lowest place, located highest peak of this range is “Dena” with a 4409 m in Chaleh-ye-Loot, is only 56 meters high, while the height. highest point, Damavand peak in Alborz The southern mountain range stretches from Mountains, rises as high as 5610 meters. The land Khouzestan Ostan to Sistan & Baluchestan Ostan height at the southern coastal strip of the Caspian and joins Soleyman Mountains in Pakistan. The Sea is 28 meters lower than the open seas. mountain range includes Sepidar, Meymand, Iran is bounded by Turkmenistan, the Caspian Sea, Bashagard and Bam Posht Mountains.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating the Factors Affecting the Selection of Grapevine Top-Wire Method in the Malekan - East Azerbaijan Gardens: Economic Growth
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 12, DECEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 Investigating The Factors Affecting The Selection Of Grapevine Top-Wire Method In The Malekan - East Azerbaijan Gardens: Economic Growth Sedigheh Asghari Baighout, Alireza Abdpour, Sandeep Kumar Gupta Serdar Vural UYGUN, Rabi Kuma5 Abstract: Grapes are one of the most important crops in Iran and the rest of the world. East Azerbaijan Province is one of the central provinces of grapevine production in Iran. In the province's Grape is a significant garden product in Malekan, so that the city has 65 % of the province production of the area and 7.2% of the country's grape production. Despite the advantages of the top wire method in grape production, the process of the top wire method in vineyards is prolonged. Therefore, in this research which is applied descriptive - correlation method for the study of the economic, social factors, individual and professional characteristics. Keywords: Logistic Regression, Effective Factors, Grapes, Malekan ———————————————————— 1. INTRODUCTION gardens. It is happening not only to the difference in Grapes are one of the most important crops in the world performance but also to the high quality of the and Iran. The world's grape cultivar is 7 million and 408 manufactured product in the top wire method than the thousand hectares, among the top 10 producing countries traditional method. As a result, the difference in the average of Spain's grapevine with a million and 200 thousand net income in the top wire method is significant compared hectares, France with 813 thousand hectares, Italy with 770 to the traditional one.
    [Show full text]
  • See the Document
    IN THE NAME OF GOD IRAN NAMA RAILWAY TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN List of Content Preamble ....................................................................... 6 History ............................................................................. 7 Tehran Station ................................................................ 8 Tehran - Mashhad Route .............................................. 12 IRAN NRAILWAYAMA TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN Tehran - Jolfa Route ..................................................... 32 Collection and Edition: Public Relations (RAI) Tourism Content Collection: Abdollah Abbaszadeh Design and Graphics: Reza Hozzar Moghaddam Photos: Siamak Iman Pour, Benyamin Tehran - Bandarabbas Route 48 Khodadadi, Hatef Homaei, Saeed Mahmoodi Aznaveh, javad Najaf ...................................... Alizadeh, Caspian Makak, Ocean Zakarian, Davood Vakilzadeh, Arash Simaei, Abbas Jafari, Mohammadreza Baharnaz, Homayoun Amir yeganeh, Kianush Jafari Producer: Public Relations (RAI) Tehran - Goragn Route 64 Translation: Seyed Ebrahim Fazli Zenooz - ................................................ International Affairs Bureau (RAI) Address: Public Relations, Central Building of Railways, Africa Blvd., Argentina Sq., Tehran- Iran. www.rai.ir Tehran - Shiraz Route................................................... 80 First Edition January 2016 All rights reserved. Tehran - Khorramshahr Route .................................... 96 Tehran - Kerman Route .............................................114 Islamic Republic of Iran The Railways
    [Show full text]
  • Article a Catalog of Iranian Prostigmatic Mites of Superfamilies
    Persian Journal of Acarology, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 389–474. Article A catalog of Iranian prostigmatic mites of superfamilies Raphignathoidea & Tetranychoidea (Acari) Gholamreza Beyzavi1*, Edward A. Ueckermann2 & 3, Farid Faraji4 & Hadi Ostovan1 1 Department of Entomology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran; E-mail: [email protected] 2 ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private bag X123, Queenswood, Pretoria, 0121, South Africa; E-mail: [email protected] 3 School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Zoology, North-West University- Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa 4 MITOX Consultants, P. O. Box 92260, 1090 AG Amsterdam, The Netherlands * Corresponding author Abstract This catalog comprises 56 genera and 266 species of mite names of superfamilies Raphignathoidea and Tetranychoidea recorded from Iran at the end of January, 2013. Data on the mite distributions and habitats based on the published information are included. Remarks about the incorrect reports and nomen nudum species are also presented. Key words: Checklist, mite, habitat, distribution, Iran. Introduction Apparently the first checklist about mites of Iran was that of Farahbakhsh in 1961. Subsequently the following lists were published: “The 20 years researches of Acarology in Iran, List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran, A catalog of mites and ticks (Acari) of Iran and Injurious mites of agricultural crops in Iran” are four main works (Sepasgosarian 1977; Modarres Awal 1997; Kamali et al. 2001; Khanjani & Haddad Irani-Nejad 2006). Prostigmatic mites consist of parasitic, plant feeding and beneficial predatory species and is the major group of Acari in the world. Untill 2011, 26205 species were described in this suborder, of which 4728 species belong to the cohort Raphignathina and tetranychoid and raphignathoid mites include 2211 and 877 species respectively (Zhang et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Life Science Journal 2015;12(7)
    Life Science Journal 2015;12(7) http://www.lifesciencesite.com Feasibility Study of Tourism Development Impacts on Stable Regional Development Dimensions: The Case Study Rahim Abdollah Fam1 and Parviz Kesavarz2 1 Department of Social Science, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran. 2 (Corresponding Author), Department of Management, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]. Abstract: Without a doubt one of the most important challenges the region programmers are facing in many countries are issues related to sustainability and sustainable regional development. There are several factors that could have influenced the sustainable development in the region. One of these factors could be tourism and its consequences. Comprehensive study of the impact of tourism in the region requires a regional study in the context of sustainable development. District of Kandovan Tourism with over 850 years of being in the western foothills of the Sahand Mountains in the East Azerbaijan province has an influential impact in attracting Tourism and regional & national development by diverse and pristine nature and cultural and historical authenticity. The present study reviews the concepts of sustainable tourism, sustainable development implications of tourism on the region. This method is based on analytic methods for data collection and data archival and field methods have been used. Statistical Society is Tourism and tourists as well as residents and officials in the region that Cochran method is being used to determine the number of samples. Achieved sample size is 341 people from a random distribution of the questionnaire. Results gathered represent that despite positive economic impact on some aspects of the social and environmental aspects, results are often negative that help to regional instability.
    [Show full text]
  • About the Contributors
    413 About the Contributors Raúl Aquino Santos graduated from the University of Colima with a BE in Electrical Engineering and received his MS degree in Telecommunications from the Centre for Scientific Research and High- er Education in Ensenada, Mexico, in 1990. He holds a PhD from the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering of the University of Sheffield, England. Since 2005, he has been with the Col- lege of Telematics, at the University of Colima, where he is currently a Research-Professor in telecom- munications networks. His current research interests include wireless and sensor networks. Victor Rangel Licea received the B.Eng (Hons) degree in Computer Engineering at the Engineering Faculty from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in 1996, the M.Sc in Telematics at the University of Sheffield, UK, in 1998, and the Ph.D. in performance analysis and traffic scheduling in cable networks in 2002, from the University of Sheffield. Since 2002, he has been with the School of Engineering, UNAM, where he is currently a Research-Professor in telecommunications networks. His research focuses on fixed, mesh, and mobile broadband wireless access networks, QoS over IP, traffic shaping, scheduling, handoff procedures, and performance optimization for IEEE 802.16 (wimax)-based networks. He has published more than 40 research papers in journals and international conferences, as well as directed more than 35 research master and bachelor theses. He currently has 1 Ph.D. student, 1 post-doc student, and 8 master students. Dr. Rangel has participated in the Technical Program Commit- tee (TPC) and as a reviewer in more than 10 international conferences.
    [Show full text]
  • Mayors for Peace Member Cities 2021/10/01 平和首長会議 加盟都市リスト
    Mayors for Peace Member Cities 2021/10/01 平和首長会議 加盟都市リスト ● Asia 4 Bangladesh 7 China アジア バングラデシュ 中国 1 Afghanistan 9 Khulna 6 Hangzhou アフガニスタン クルナ 杭州（ハンチォウ） 1 Herat 10 Kotwalipara 7 Wuhan ヘラート コタリパラ 武漢（ウハン） 2 Kabul 11 Meherpur 8 Cyprus カブール メヘルプール キプロス 3 Nili 12 Moulvibazar 1 Aglantzia ニリ モウロビバザール アグランツィア 2 Armenia 13 Narayanganj 2 Ammochostos (Famagusta) アルメニア ナラヤンガンジ アモコストス（ファマグスタ） 1 Yerevan 14 Narsingdi 3 Kyrenia エレバン ナールシンジ キレニア 3 Azerbaijan 15 Noapara 4 Kythrea アゼルバイジャン ノアパラ キシレア 1 Agdam 16 Patuakhali 5 Morphou アグダム（県） パトゥアカリ モルフー 2 Fuzuli 17 Rajshahi 9 Georgia フュズリ（県） ラージシャヒ ジョージア 3 Gubadli 18 Rangpur 1 Kutaisi クバドリ（県） ラングプール クタイシ 4 Jabrail Region 19 Swarupkati 2 Tbilisi ジャブライル（県） サルプカティ トビリシ 5 Kalbajar 20 Sylhet 10 India カルバジャル（県） シルヘット インド 6 Khocali 21 Tangail 1 Ahmedabad ホジャリ（県） タンガイル アーメダバード 7 Khojavend 22 Tongi 2 Bhopal ホジャヴェンド（県） トンギ ボパール 8 Lachin 5 Bhutan 3 Chandernagore ラチン（県） ブータン チャンダルナゴール 9 Shusha Region 1 Thimphu 4 Chandigarh シュシャ（県） ティンプー チャンディーガル 10 Zangilan Region 6 Cambodia 5 Chennai ザンギラン（県） カンボジア チェンナイ 4 Bangladesh 1 Ba Phnom 6 Cochin バングラデシュ バプノム コーチ（コーチン） 1 Bera 2 Phnom Penh 7 Delhi ベラ プノンペン デリー 2 Chapai Nawabganj 3 Siem Reap Province 8 Imphal チャパイ・ナワブガンジ シェムリアップ州 インパール 3 Chittagong 7 China 9 Kolkata チッタゴン 中国 コルカタ 4 Comilla 1 Beijing 10 Lucknow コミラ 北京（ペイチン） ラクノウ 5 Cox's Bazar 2 Chengdu 11 Mallappuzhassery コックスバザール 成都（チォントゥ） マラパザーサリー 6 Dhaka 3 Chongqing 12 Meerut ダッカ 重慶（チョンチン） メーラト 7 Gazipur 4 Dalian 13 Mumbai (Bombay) ガジプール 大連（タァリィェン） ムンバイ（旧ボンベイ） 8 Gopalpur 5 Fuzhou 14 Nagpur ゴパルプール 福州（フゥチォウ） ナーグプル 1/108 Pages
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Rodent Fauna of Rural Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Reservoir in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran During 2018-2019
    IJMPES International Journal of http://ijmpes.com Medical Parasitology & doi 10.34172/ijmpes.2020.13 Vol. 1, No. 2, 2020, 42–45 Epidemiology Sciences eISSN 2766-6492 Original Article Evaluation of Rodent Fauna of Rural Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Reservoir in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran During 2018-2019 Yagoob Garedaghi1* ID , Saeid Heidarinejad2, Behrang Esfandiyari3 Mohsen Amirfazli4 1Department of Parasitology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran 2Department of biomedical sciences, United States of America, William Carey International University, USA 3Postgraduate Student of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M), Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran 4Postgraduate Student of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M), Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran Abstract Introduction: Leishmaniasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases that represents a serious health problem worldwide. This disease exists in three forms: cutaneous (rural, urban), visceral, and mucocutaneous. In the rural type, some rodents play the role of a reservoir. In our country, many people are infected with this disease every year. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is now common in some parts of East Azerbaijan province. Considering that no comprehensive study on the general condition of cutaneous Leishmaniasis reservoirs in this province has been done so far, this research was very necessary. This study was conducted to investigate the fauna, distribution, and frequency of rodents in East Azerbaijan province from 2018 to 2019. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Cluster sampling was performed on rodents. Rodents were caught each week by 30 live traps from different parts of East Azerbaijan province and were determined in the laboratory after examining their morphological characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • Mohammad Mosaferi
    CV Mohammad Mosaferi Professor of Environmental Health Tabriz University of Medical Sciences May, 2019 Mohammad Mosaferi Professor of Environmental Health Faculty: Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Department: Environmental Health Engineering Location: Tabriz Areas of Expertise: Environmental Health Engineering ORCID ID:orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-147X ISI Research ID: L-6032-2017 Scopus Author ID: 23018932300 https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=X0WeEEEAAAAJ&hl=en H-index: 10(Scopus), 16(Google scholar) Contact Information: [email protected] , [email protected] Tel: +98 (41) 33355952, +989144148984 Fax: +98 (41) 33340634 Address: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Attar-e-Neyshaboori St. Tabriz, Iran Background and Education: B.Sc Environmental Health Engineering, College of Abureyhan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran(1996) M.Sc Environmental Health Engineering, University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran (1999) Ph.D Environmental Health Engineering, University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran (2005) Sabbatical leave London Arsenic Group, Research School of Earth Sciences at UCL-BIRKBECK, London, England, Sep 2004- Jan 2005 (Supervisor: Prof. Karen Hudson-Edwards) Research Interest: - Water Quality and Treatment - Arsenic in the Environment, Health Effects, Remediation - Environmental Epidemiology and geomedicine - Wastewater Treatment - Environmental and Health Impact Assessment - Waste Management - Passive defense Teaching: - Advanced and New Methods of Water Treatment, Processes
    [Show full text]
  • IRAN, the Center of Geotourism Potentials
    J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 3(1s)458-465, 2013 ISSN 2090-4304 Journal of Basic and Applied © 2013, TextRoad Publication Scientific Research www.textroad.com IRAN, the Center of Geotourism Potentials Abdollah Yazdi1*, Mohammad Hashem Emami2, Hamid Reza Jafari3 1Department of Geology, Kahnooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kahnooj, Iran 2Associate Professor, Department of Geology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran 3Assistant Professor, Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft, Iran Received: June 11 2013 Accepted: July 2 2013 ABSTRACT Nowadays, geotourism is one of the fields of specialization of tourism, which identifies attractive geological phenomena and their tourism merit. Given its climatic and geological conditions, Iran has multiple geosites of novel geological phenomena such as the biggest salt cave of the world, the largest Kaluts of the world, beautiful mud volcanos and… If, in an area, there are several geosites with historic, cultural works and different living natures (ecosystems), that area is called "geopark". Naturally, these regions are Iran's geotourism potentials. Attribution of "geosite" and "geopark" to each region requires such necessary infrastructures to be provided as efficient management, training of local individuals, tourist attraction based on education of geological-recreational concepts and protection of phenomena. Given numerous talents of Iran in this field, this research, after providing theoretical concepts, introduces and describes the features of those regions which are potentially ready to become geosite or geopark, and provides suggestions for geotourism development and achieving the above goals. Certainly, through providing the necessary infrastructures, a long step will be taken towards presenting invaluable geological heritage of Iran to geotourism enthusiasts in the world.
    [Show full text]