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Investigating the Factors Affecting the Selection of Grapevine Top-Wire Method in the Malekan - East Azerbaijan Gardens: Economic Growth

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Investigating the Factors Affecting the Selection of Grapevine Top-Wire Method in the Malekan - East Azerbaijan Gardens: Economic Growth INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 12, DECEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 Investigating The Factors Affecting The Selection Of Grapevine Top-Wire Method In The Malekan - East Azerbaijan Gardens: Economic Growth Sedigheh Asghari Baighout, Alireza Abdpour, Sandeep Kumar Gupta Serdar Vural UYGUN, Rabi Kuma5 Abstract: Grapes are one of the most important crops in Iran and the rest of the world. East Azerbaijan Province is one of the central provinces of grapevine production in Iran. In the province's Grape is a significant garden product in Malekan, so that the city has 65 % of the province production of the area and 7.2% of the country's grape production. Despite the advantages of the top wire method in grape production, the process of the top wire method in vineyards is prolonged. Therefore, in this research which is applied descriptive - correlation method for the study of the economic, social factors, individual and professional characteristics. Keywords: Logistic Regression, Effective Factors, Grapes, Malekan ———————————————————— 1. INTRODUCTION gardens. It is happening not only to the difference in Grapes are one of the most important crops in the world performance but also to the high quality of the and Iran. The world's grape cultivar is 7 million and 408 manufactured product in the top wire method than the thousand hectares, among the top 10 producing countries traditional method. As a result, the difference in the average of Spain's grapevine with a million and 200 thousand net income in the top wire method is significant compared hectares, France with 813 thousand hectares, Italy with 770 to the traditional one. Despite the advantages of the top thousand hectares, the first to third, and Iran. With 315,000 wire method in the results of the research, the process of hectares, it has the seventh rank of the world (FAO, 2007). top wire (the adoption of the top wire method) is very slow The average production is 16.1 tons per hectare, and the in the Malekan region gardens, and only 370 hectares of total production of the province had estimated at 399603 11,000 hectares are top wire. Soltanian and Pezeshkirad tons. Significant cities of grape producers in the province (2007) found that there was no statistically significant are Malekan, Bonab and Maragheh respectively (Samadi, difference between variables such as age, agricultural 2010). Methods of grape have not generated or found history and the number of agricultural lands but there was a naturally by accidental agents. The cultivation methods are significant relationship between education level and different according to different structure and approach acceptance. According to Soltanian and Pezeshkirad affects the cost and production levels. From ancient times, (2006), Amsalu & Graff found a positive correlation between in cold regions such as Azerbaijan grape seedlings are age and acceptance, while Daberkow & Bride (2003) found directed northward on stacks of different dimensions and a negative and significant relationship between age and elevations in terms of area, which seems to be the motive accepted. Therefore, in the present research socio- for using this method of conservation of cold winter weather economic factors ( existence of a non-agricultural and eliminating water shortages. Top wire method has occupation, income from the another jobs, the amount of introduced in Europe and the United States since the 1930 non-agricultural income, the family work-force in the year and until the1980 year has developed their forms and vineyards, the amount of rain and irrigated land, the area of forms suitable for the climatic conditions of each region. In grapes cultivated, factors affecting age, education, Iran, new systems during the years 1923-24 had observed agricultural experience, history of grape, insurance of in observation pieces in the corners of Iran, especially gardens and participation in extension classes for research stations. Grape is a significant garden product in enhancing knowledge). That can influence the selection of Malekan so that the city has 65% of the province's the top wire method in this area which is necessary. production and 7.2% of the country's grape production. Of Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the the 11,000 hectares of the vineyard, the city produces useful factors affecting the selection of vine method for 215,000 tons of grapes, the main cultivar of which is Soltani grapevine production in vineyards. The specific objectives or white raisins from the dominant cultivars of the city. of this research are: Being cultivated in the form of California raisins, 1) Review individual and professional characteristics of blueberries, sunny, plum, green griffon, juice, vinegar and respondents grape juice. Due to the high quality and high quality of 2) Investigating the Socio-economic and social factors California raisins, they are the exporter of commodities from affecting the choice of top wire method the region to the countries of the Middle East and North 3) Examining the reasons for choosing or not choosing from Africa (Rahmani, 2010). Considering that, many studies had the viewpoint of respondents. done on the methods of cultivating grapes, including Mahmodzadeh and Dolati (2000) and Javan (2013), the Materials and methods: findings of these studies showed that the income of top wire method is more than traditional and also Ghaffari Qarabagh The study area: et al. (2012) found that the ratio of profit to cost in top wire The city of Malekan has 49,000 hectares of arable land, method gardens is significantly higher than traditional which include 11200 hectares of garden lands and 37800 693 IJSTR©2019 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 12, DECEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 hectares of arable land of 11200 hectares of garden lands, experience of grapevine cultivation, agriculture education, about 11,000 hectares have dedicated to vineyards. The the income from non-agricultural work and the non-grape city of Malekan has a jugular position with a length of 45/55 cultivars income, the area irrigated land and dry land to 46/26 and a width of 36/53 to 17/37 in the city of Bonab, farmers Pearson correlation and Spearman test had used. Miandoab, Maragheh and Lake Urmia. This research has The results have shown, that It is positive and significant applied in a descriptive-correlative way. In this research, in relationship between the selection of top wire method and order to determine the sample size, according to General non-agricultural income as well as the total land areas, the statistics Malekan, in terms of the number of farmers and level of agriculture knowledge and access to the loan from the area of the vineyards. The average and standard financial institution and with agricultural experience, the deviation of the land area of the vineyards had gained, then history of grape, the number of family work in the garden the mean and standard deviation of the land area of the the relationship was negative and meaningful but with the vineyards belonging to each village after the village of amount of non-grape cultivars income and the amount of Qorijan, which was closer to the general statistics of the city irrigated land and the age of the farmer did not have a in terms of mean and standard deviation was calculated. significant relationship The logistic regression of the forward Method of Sampling for top wire producers by counting condition method was used to determine the effect of each method and traditional users in a completely random and professional social and economic factor on the manner. The sample size for traditional operators was selection of the top wire method erehad calculated after determined using Cochran's formula of 101 people and seven steps. The results of logistic regression showed that should also be noted for this research. The farmers the most critical variables that affect the selection of top collected statistics and information required by the design of wire methods are the history of grapevine, the number of the questionnaire. According to the purpose of the family labourers in the garden, non-farm income, non-grape research, it is a suitable method that can be used to farm income, participation in promotion classes, amount of examine the effect of economic, social, and individual access to the loan, the amount of dry land. According to the factors on the choice of top wire method, which is a two- coefficients, the factors such as the history of grapevine way qualitative dependent variable (selection or non- and the number of family labourers in the garden were a selection) The method of logistic regression analysis was negatively correlated selection of top wire method. analysed using SPSS software version 21.0 and in addition to logistic regression. In the correlation analysis, Spearman Table 2: The Coefficients of Logistic Regression Modelling and Pearson’s tests were used to examine the relationship with Independent Variables. between variables and in the detailed analysis section. The statistics used include average, percentage, frequency, Therefore, the logistic regression equation is standard deviation. Result: Descriptive findings: The average age of top wire and traditional farmers was 50.355 and 53.5, which indicates this that the age of people who have chosen the top wire method is far less likely than those, who did not select the top wire method. The average education respectively is 8.96 and 5.84, which have shown DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: that the education of those who have chosen top wire According to the findings of the research, the mean age of method is more than the traditional ones and the average the subjects was less than the average age of the agricultural experience was 24.77 and 29.00 respectively.
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