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20113880106.Pdf ﻣﺠﻠﻪ داﻧﺶ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز اﻳﺮان 5 ( 1388 ) 90 - 69 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ و ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻣﺰارع ﺟﻮ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﺳﻴﺮوس ﺣﺴﻦ ﻧﮋاد1 ، ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﺰاده2 ، وﻟﻲ اﻟﻪ ﻣﻈﻔﺮﻳﺎن3 ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪرﺿﺎ ﭼﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﻲ2 و ﻣﻬﺪي ﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ4 -1 داﻧﺸﺠﻮي دﻛﺘﺮي ﭘﺮدﻳﺲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﺗﻬﺮان -2 ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﮔﺮوه زراﻋﺖ واﺻﻼح ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان -3 ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﻛﺸﻮر -4 ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ : 89/1/20 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش : 8/15/ 89 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه : : ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ و ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻣﺰارع ﺟﻮ در اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﻲ، 80 ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺟﻮ در 19 ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﺳﺘﺎن در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي -1388 1387 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪ . در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع، ﺗﻌﺪاد 219 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز از 36 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ در ﻣﺰارع ﺟﻮ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ . 107 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﺑﻴﺶ از ﺳﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن و 120 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﺑﻴﺶ از ﺳﻪ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ از ﻣﺰارع ﺟﻮ اﺳﺘ ﺎن ﺣﻀﻮر داﺷﺘﻨﺪ . از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ، ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻗﺮه آﻏﺎج، ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ و ﻣﻠﻜﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ 82/20، 17/22 و 18/22 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ و ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ورزﻗﺎن، ﺳﺮاب و ﺑﻨﺎب ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ 77/91، 61/85 و 97/82 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ . از 219 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه، 116 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (97/ 52 %) ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻛﺎﺳﻨﻲ ( Asteraceae) ، ﺷﺐ ﺑﻮ ( Brassicaceae) ، ﮔﺮاﻣﻴﻨﻪ ( Poaceae ) و ﺑﻘﻮﻻت ( Fabaceae ) ﺗﻌﻠﻖ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ . اﻳﻦ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ 42، 30، 24 و 20 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع در ﻣﺰارع ﺟﻮ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﺎن را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ . از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ وﻓﻮر ( AI) ، ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻫﻔﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ ( Polygonum aviculare) ، ﭘﻴﭽﻚ ﺻﺤﺮاﺋﻲ ( Convolvulus arvensis ) و ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ راخ ( Gallium tricornutum ) ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺰارع ﺟﻮ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻫﺸﺘﺮود، ﻛﻠﻴﺒﺮ و ﺟﻠﻔﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ 93، 87 و 82 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑ ﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع ( ﻏﻨﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ) و ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻠﻜﺎن، ﻗﺮه آﻏﺎج و ﻋﺠﺐ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ 10، 21 و 22 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ . واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: ، ﺗﻨﻮع، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺷﺎﻧﻮن - وﻳﻨﺮ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ وﻓﻮر، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ، ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ، ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ Archive of SID Correspondence to: [email protected] www.SID.ir 70 ﺣﺴﻦ ﻧﮋاد و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران (88 13 )/ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ داﻧﺶ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز اﻳﺮان 5 (1) ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ : ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز ﻛﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪا" وارد ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮزي ﺷﺪه ﭼﻨﺪان ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻧﻴﺎﻳﺪ . وﻟﻲ در ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻮع ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز و آﮔﺎﻫﻲ از ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ و ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ (,. Minbashi et al) اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﻃﺮف در ﻣﺰارع ﮔﺎم اﺻﻠﻲ و اﺳﺎﺳﻲ در ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز و ﺷﺪه و ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ از ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻲ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﮔﻴﺎه زراﻋﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﺑﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻮع و ﻧﺤﻮه ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. (Keshavarz et al ., 2008) در ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز ﻣﺰارع ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺟﻮ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اي ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﻤﻮد . ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻬﮕﻴﻠﻮﻳﻪ و ﺑﻮﻳﺮاﺣﻤﺪ، 27 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز از 13 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده (Thomas& Dale, 1991) ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺟ ﻮاﻣﻊ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ راخ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان زﻳﺎدي ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ ( Gallium tricornutum Dandy ) ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ، و درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت و ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﻲ در ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﻧﻘﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ در ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ و ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ را در واﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ داﺷﺖ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ در ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮي اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر دارد . در ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎل ( Keshavarz et al ., 2008 ). در ﻣﺰارع ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺟﻮ اﺳﺘﺎن ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن، ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺮدل وﺣﺸﻲ (.Sinapis arvensis L) ، از ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ( Thomas & Dale, 1991 a,b). اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻨﻴﺮك (. Malva neglecta Wallr ) و ﻳﻮﻻف وﺣﺸﻲ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ زراﻋﻲ را در ﻇﻬﻮر و ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ (. Avena ludoviciana Durieu ) ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻧﺎدﻳﺪه ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ( Frick & Thomas, 1992 ). در ﻏﺎﻟﺐ اﺳﺘﺎن از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ، ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ و ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻣﺰارع ﻏﻼت و ( Pourazar & Minbashi, 2008 ). در ﻣﺰارع ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺟﻮ ﻛﻠﺰا در ﺳﺎﺳﻜﺎﭼﻮان ﻛﺎﻧﺎدا، ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎري، 22 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 9 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ از 25 ﺗﺎ 118 ﮔﻴﺎه در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮ ﺑﻊ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ ( Yazdani et al ., 2008) . در ﻣﺰارع اﺧﺘﻼف ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻧﻮع ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ، ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻠﻔﻜﺶ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺟﻮ آﺑﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن زﻧﺠﺎن، 110 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از 31 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻔﻜﺶ ﻫﺎ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ ( Thomas, 1985) . ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز ﭘﻴﭽﻚ ﺻﺤﺮاﺋﻲ ﺗﻮﻣﺎس ( 1985) ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ وﻓﻮر ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ( RA ) (.Convolvulus arvensis L)، ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ ( Polygonum ﻛﻪ از ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ، ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ و .aviculare L) ، ﺳﻠﻤﻪ ﺗﺮه (.Chenopodium album L ) و ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد ﺑﻪ رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ راخ ﻓﺮاوان ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮزي ﻣﺰارع اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮز ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ( Thomas, 1985) . وﻟﻲ زﻧﺠﺎن ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮاﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ( 2008 ) ﺑﺮاي رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز Poaceae ) of SID) ، ﺷﺐ ﺑﻮﻫﺎ (BrassicaceaeArchive) و ﻛﺎﺳﻨﻲ ﻫﺎ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ وﻓﻮر ( AI ) ﻛﻪ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ( Asteraceae ) ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ 19 ، 15 و 10 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ، ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ و ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ ( Nazer Kakhki et al , 2008) . ﻋﻠﻴﻤﺮادي و ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ ( Minbashi Moeini et al ., 2008) . اﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ( 1386 ) ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز ﻣﺰارع ﺟﻮ ﺑﺮﺧﻼف ﺗﻮﻣﺎس ( 1985 ) اﻋﺘﻘﺎد ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺣﻔﻆ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻧﺒﻮده، ﭼﺮاﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ وزارت ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزي، 36 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ( 28 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ دو ﻟﭙﻪ و 8 ﮔﻮ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻛﻮادرات ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري و اﻓﺰودن ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻚ ﻟﭙﻪ ) از 13 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ را ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه ﻗﺒﻞ، از ارزش ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮاﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﺷﺐ ﺑﻮﻫﺎ و ﺑﻘﻮﻻت ﺑﻮد ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و وﺟﻮد ﺧﻴﻠﻲ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﺷﻤﺮده ﺷﺪه و www.SID.ir ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ و ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ... 71 71 ( Alimoradi et al , 2008) . ﻳﻜﻲ از روش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﺎن اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ در اﻛﻮﻟﻮ ﮋي ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز، ( Cochran, 1997; Minbashi Moeini et al ., 2008) . ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺷﺎﻧﻮن - وﻳﻨﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، اﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداري ﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ دﻫﻲ ﺟﻮ، در ﻃﻮل 2 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ و از ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻏﻨﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي و ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻮار ﺑﻮده ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺮو ع ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺟﻮ زودﺗﺮ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و اﻋﺪاد ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ ( Booth et و زودﺗﺮ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ . از آﻧﺠﺎﺋﻴﻜﻪ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﺑﻪ al. , 2003 ؛ Poggio et al. , 2004) . اﺣﻤﺪوﻧﺪ ( 1384 ) ﺑﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ و ﻟﻜﻪ اي در ﻛﻨﺎر ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺣﻀﻮر ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺷﺎﻧﻮن - وﻳﻨﺮ، ﺗﻨﻮع ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻟﺬا ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻴﻚ W اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﻤﺪان را ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮا ر داده و ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ در ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻮﻣﺎس ( 1985 ) و ﻣﻚ ﻛﻮﻟﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ( 1991 ) ﺑﺎ ﻣﺰارع ﮔﻨﺪم اﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ( روش ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤ ﻴﻚ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ W ﺑﺠﺎي روش ﺗﻨﻮع را دارﻧﺪ . ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻴﻚ W) ، اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ ( Thomas,1985; 1991; McCully et (al. , 1991 از آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻮ از اﻫﻤﻴﺖ وﻳﮋه اي در ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ اﻧﺴﺎن و دام . ﻃﻮرﻳﻜﻪ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻴﻚ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮده و ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻮد وﻟﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﺎط اﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ 20 20 W ﺧﺴﺎرت زا ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ، ﻟﺬا ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺪم در روي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻘﺎط اﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري، و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻨﻮع، ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ و وﻓﻮر ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ دﻗﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑ ﺮداري و اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻒ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ آن ﻫﺎ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ . از ﻫﺮزي ﻧﺎدﻳﺪه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﻮد، ﻧﻘﺎط دﻳﮕﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻘﺎط ﻓﺮﻋﻲ اﻳﻦ رو، اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎي 1387 و 1388 ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري در ﺷﻌﺎع 5 ﺗﺎ 10 ﻣﺘﺮي از ﻧﻘﺎط اﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع، ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ و ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز در ﺑﺮداري، ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﺰارع ﺟﻮ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . ﮔﻮﻳﺎي واﻗﻌﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮزي آن ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺰراع ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺴﺎﺣ ﺖ و درﺻﺪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ : : ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ Minbashi اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎ ﻳﺠﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 45481 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ، ,. Moeini et al اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ : در ﻣﺰارع 1 3ﺗﺎ ﻫﻜﺘﺎري، 5 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺪارﻫﺎي ' º45 36 و ' º26 39 ﻋﺮض ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ و ﻧﺼﻒ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ 20 ﻗﺪم روي ﻣﺴﻴﺮ W اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ . در ﻣﺰارع 4 4 اﻟﻨﻬﺎر ﻫﺎي 'º5 45 و ' º22 48 ﻃﻮل ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﻗﺮار د ارد . اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن از 7ﺗﺎ ﻫﻜﺘﺎري، 9 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ 40 ﻗﺪم روي ﻣﺴﻴﺮ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ ﻟﺤﺎظ اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ آب و ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي ﻗﺮار دارد ﺑﻪ و در ﻣﺰارع ﺑﺎﻻي 7 ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﺗﻌﺪاد 13 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻋﻤﺪه اي از آن را اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ SID ﺧﺸﻚ و ﺳﺮد، of ﺑﺮداري ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺮاي Archiveاﻓﺰاﻳﺶ دﻗﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ از آن را اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺳﺮد و ﻗﺴﻤﺖ دﻳﮕﺮ را در ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻠﻮر و ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز، ﺑﻪ ازاي ﻫﺮ اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ و ﻣﻌﺘﺪل ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ( ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪي ﻛﻪ در ﺧﺎرج از ﻛﻮادرات ﻫﺎي در ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ). اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻃﺒﻖ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﺎت ﻛﺸﻮري ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه دﻳﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻛﻮادرات ﻫﺎي اﻧﺪاﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ 19 ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . از اﻳﻦ رو ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﻫﺎ د ر ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اﻓﺰوده ﺷﺪ ( ﻛﻮادرت ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺎط ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ در 19 ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ .
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