AGENDA ITEM 4 ST. JOHNS COUNTY BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS Deadline for Submission - Wednesday 9 a.m. – Thirteen Days Prior to BCC Meeting
12/1/2020 BCC MEETING DATE
TO: Hunter S. Conrad, County Administrator DATE: October 29, 2020
FROM: Justin Kelly, Senior Planner PHONE: 904 209-0728
SUBJECT OR TITLE: CPA (SS) 2020-04 Bell Covered Storage
AGENDA TYPE: Business Item, Ordinance, Public Hearing, Report
BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
Adoption of CPA (SS) 2020-04 Bell Covered Storage, a request for a Small Scale Comprehensive Plan Amendment to change the Future Land Use designation of approximately 1.16 acres of land located along Old Dixie Highway, north of Cross Ridge Drive and south of the Nocatee Parkway, from Rural/Silviculture (R/S) to Mixed Use District (MD). This request was heard by the Planning and Zoning Agency at their regularly scheduled public hearing on November 5, 2020. Agency members voted 6-1 to recommend approval.
1. IS FUNDING REQUIRED? No 2. IF YES, INDICATE IF BUDGETED. No IF FUNDING IS REQUIRED, MANDATORY OMB REVIEW IS REQUIRED: INDICATE FUNDING SOURCE:
SUGGESTED MOTION/RECOMMENDATION/ACTION:
Motion to enact Ordinance 2020-_____, adopting CPA (SS) 2020-04 Bell Covered Storage, a request for a Small Scale Comprehensive Plan Amendment to change the Future Land Use designation of approximately 1.16 acres of land from Rural/Silviculture (R/S) to Mixed Use District (MD), based upon four (4) Findings of Fact, as provided in the Staff Report. Motion to deny CPA (SS) 2020-04 Bell Covered Storage, based upon four (4) Findings of Fact, as provided in the Staff Report. For Administration Use Only: Legal: BB 11/13/2020 OMB: DC 11/13/2020 Admin: Joy Andrews 11/20/2020
Growth Management Department PLANNING DIVISION REPORT Application for Small Scale Comprehensive Plan Amendment CPA (SS) 2020-04 Bell Covered Storage
To: Board of County Commissioners
Through: Planning and Zoning Agency
From: Justin Kelly, Senior Planner
Date: November 9, 2020
Subject: Adoption of CPA (SS) 2020-04 Bell Covered Storage, a request for a Small Scale Comprehensive Plan Amendment to change the Future Land Use designation of approximately 1.16 acres of land located along Old Dixie Highway, north of Cross Ridge Drive and south of the Nocatee Parkway, from Rural/Silviculture (R/S) to Mixed Use District (MD). This request was heard by the Planning and Zoning Agency at their regularly scheduled Public Hearing on November 5, 2020. Agency members voted 6-1 to recommend approval.
Applicant: Jamie Mackey
Owner: Sherry L. Bell
Hearing dates: Planning and Zoning Agency – November 5, 2020 Board of County Commissioners – December 1, 2020
Commissioner District: District 4
Page 2 CPA (SS) 2020-04 Bell Covered Storage
MAP SERIES
Location: The subject property is located east of US 1 North, north of Cross Ridge Drive, and south of Nocatee Parkway.
Page 3 CPA (SS) 2020-04 Bell Covered Storage
Existing Future Land Use: The subject property is currently designated Rural/Silviculture (R/S) on the Future Land Use Map. Adjoining lands to the south and west are designated Rural/Silviculture (R/S). Surrounding lands to the north and west are designated Intensive Commercial (IC) and Mixed Use District (MD). Lands to the east are designated New Town.
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Proposed Future Land Use: The applicant is requesting a change to the Mixed Use District (MD) Future Land Use designation.
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Zoning District: The subject property is currently zoned Open Rural (OR) with a requested change to Commercial Intensive (CI) with conditions via a companion Rezoning application (REZ 2020-15). The adjoining properties to the west and south are zoned Open Rural (OR). Lands to the east are zoned the Nocatee PUD per Ordinance 2002-46, as amended. Nearby properties to the northwest and southwest are zoned Commercial Intensive (CI).
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Flood Zone: The subject property is located within Flood Zone X.
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Aerial Imagery: The subject property is approximately 1.16 acres in size and is improved with a doublewide mobile home and several accessory structures. The residential areas to the east are a part of the Greenleaf Village neighborhood that is zoned as a part of the Nocatee PUD. North of the subject property is St. Johns Boat and RV Storage. Adjoining land to the south and west are currently vacant. The building located to the southwest is a Child Care Center.
Page 8 CPA (SS) 2020-04 Bell Covered Storage
APPLICATION SUMMARY This is a request to amend the Future Land Use Map from Rural/Silviculture to Mixed Use District for approximately 1.16 acres of land. Based on the application materials provided, the applicant intends on developing the subject property for an RV and Boat Storage facility that will consist of up to 32 covered storage units. The facility will be operated as an addition to the existing St. Johns Boat & RV Storage located to the north at 11325 Old Dixie Highway. The applicant has filed a companion Rezoning application (REZ 2020-15) to change the current zoning classification of the subject property from Open Rural (OR) to Commercial Intensive (CI) with conditions. The proposed conditional rezoning will eliminate high intensity uses allowed within the CI zoning district in order to provide further consistency.
IMPACT REVIEW • Transportation: This project is exempt from concurrency pursuant to Section 11.00.05 of the Land Development Code, adopted August 7, 2018. A non-binding traffic impact analysis was completed for Bell Covered Storage (CPA (SS) 2020-04) to assess for potential impact based solely upon the applicant's intended plan of development. The intended plan of development provided in the CPA application is an RV and Boat Storage facility. Based on the ITE Trip Generation Handbook the anticipated trip generation is 3 p.m. peak hour trips. • Potable Water and Sanitary Sewer: Central water and sewer are provided by the Jacksonville Electric Authority (JEA). There is sufficient capacity. • Drainage: The proposed project will comply with all applicable Federal, State, regional, and local land development regulations and permitting requirements. • Solid Waste: There is sufficient capacity. • Public Schools, Parks and Recreation, Open Space, and Mass Transit: No impact. • Fire Services: The subject property has an Insurance Services Office (ISO) rating of Class 3, which is defined by properties within five (5) road miles of an existing fire station and within 1,000 feet of a creditable water supply. The closest fire station is located at 220 Pine Island Road.
DEPARTMENTAL REVIEW This application was routed to all appropriate reviewing departments. There are no open comments.
Office of the County Attorney Review: All amendments to the St. Johns County comprehensive plan are legislative in nature. This is a policy-making decision to determine the future growth pattern of St. Johns County (i.e. is it appropriate to expand the development area boundary or to change the maximum theoretical growth in this area). A determination of consistency with the Comprehensive Plan and state law and approval or denial of the proposed amendment must not be arbitrary and capricious. Decisions on approval or denial of legislative land-use policy are determined on whether the decision is supported by fairly debatable evidence. Fairly debatable means that the government action must be upheld if reasonable minds could differ on the result concerning the evidence presented.
Technical Division Review: All future site engineering, drainage, and required infrastructure improvements will be reviewed pursuant to the established Development Review Process to ensure that the development has met all applicable local regulations and permitting Page 9 CPA (SS) 2020-04 Bell Covered Storage
requirements. No permits will be issued prior to compliance with all applicable regulations.
Planning and Zoning Division Review: Based on application materials provided, the applicant intends on developing the property for RV/Boat Storage use. The subject property contains approximately 1.16 acres of land. Currently, the property is improved with a 1,499 square foot doublewide mobile home, RV Canopy, and several accessory structures. The property is mostly cleared with several trees located throughout. Access to Old Dixie Highway is provided via a driveway toward the south end of the property.
The proposed amendment to change the current Future Land Use designation to Mixed Use District (MD) would be compatible with the proposed RV/Boat Storage use. Additionally, the applicant has submitted a companion Rezoning application with this requested Small Scale Comprehensive Plan Amendment to change the current zoning designations from Open Rural (OR) to Commercial Intensive (CI) with conditions. The proposed condition would limit uses on the property to RV/Boat Storage and Office/Professional Services uses in order to provide further consistency with the surrounding area. Table 1 (below) shows a comparison of permitted use categories within the current and proposed Future Land Use designations.
Table 1: Future Land Use Map Designation Comparison
Permitted Uses Rural/ Mixed Use District (MD) Silviculture (proposed) (R/S) Agricultural X X** Neighborhood Business, Commercial X Mining and Extraction X Outdoor Passive X General Business, Commercial X High Intensity Commercial X Highway Commercial X Light Industrial X Heavy Industrial X Office and Professional X Cultural, Institutional X X Neighborhood Public Service X Regional Business, Commercial X Solid Waste and Correctional Facilities X X** Residential X X* * In MD up to 13 residential units per acre allowed ** When not incompatible with surrounding uses
Review by staff found that the existing St. Johns Boat and RV Storage facility located to the north is also designated Mixed Use District (MD) on the Future Land Use Map. Additionally, lands located to the west of the subject property are designated Intensive Commercial (IC). Staff notes that records indicate the adjoining property to the west (Parcel #023300-0000) has submitted a Pre-Application (PREAPP 2019-110) to the Growth Management Division inquiring about the viability of amending the Future Land Use designation of that property to Intensive Commercial (IC) and rezoning to Commercial, Intensive (CI). Overall, this area is Page 10 CPA (SS) 2020-04 Bell Covered Storage transitioning from more rural to suburban-type uses that are typically allowed within the requested Mixed Use District (MD) designation. If approved, the requested amendment will provide for consistency with the Comprehensive Plan and the surrounding land uses.
PLANNING AND ZONING AGENCY (PZA) This request was heard by the Planning and Zoning Agency (PZA) at their regularly scheduled public hearing on November 5, 2020. The Agency voted to recommend approval of the requested small-scale comprehensive plan amendment, 6-1. The dissenting Agency member did not feel that the shape and size of this particular property was amenable to the proposed use. There were no public comment regarding this request at the hearing.
CORRESPONDENCE/PHONE CALLS Staff has not received any correspondence or phone calls regarding this request as of the writing of this Staff Report.
FINDINGS OF FACT/ACTION Staff has provided the Agency with four (4) Findings of Fact to recommend approval and four (4) Findings of Fact to recommend denial of this request. These findings may be subject to other competent substantial evidence received at the public hearing.
ATTACHMENTS 1. Recorded Documents 2. Application and Supporting Documents
PROPOSED FINDINGS OF FACT CPA (SS) 2020-04 Bell Covered Storage
APPROVE DENY
1. The proposed Comprehensive Plan 1. The proposed Comprehensive Plan Amendment was fully considered Amendment was fully considered after public hearing pursuant to legal after public hearing pursuant to notice duly published as required by legal notice duly published as law. required by law.
2. The amendment is consistent with the 2. The amendment is not consistent with Northeast Florida Strategic Regional the Northeast Florida Strategic Policy Plan. Regional Policy Plan.
3. The proposed Comprehensive Plan 3. The proposed Comprehensive Plan Amendment is consistent with Amendment is not consistent with applicable sections of the St. Johns applicable sections of the St. Johns County Comprehensive Plan and the County Comprehensive Plan and the Land Development Code. Land Development Code. 4. The proposed Comprehensive Plan 4. The proposed Comprehensive Plan Amendment is consistent with the Amendment is not consistent with Goals, Objectives, and Policies of the the Goals, Objectives, and Policies St. Johns County Comprehensive Plan, of the St. Johns County including Policies A.1.2.5, A.1.2.7, Comprehensive Plan, including A.1.3.11, A.1.15.2, and with other Policies A.1.2.5, A.1.2.7, A.1.3.11, provisions provided during the public A.1.15.2, and with other provisions hearing. provided during the public hearing.
ATTACHMENT 1 RECORDED DOCUMENTS SECTION ORDINANCE NUMBER: 2020- ______
AN ORDINANCE OF THE COUNTY OF ST. JOHNS, STATE OF FLORIDA, AMENDING THE 2025 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN, ORDINANCE NO. 2010-38, AS AMENDED, TO CHANGE THE FUTURE LAND USE MAP DESIGNATION FROM RURAL/SILVICULTURE (R/S) TO MIXED USE DISTRICT (MD) FOR APPROXIMATELY 1.16 ACRES OF LAND LOCATED AT 11305 OLD DIXIE HIGHWAY; PROVIDING FOR FINDINGS OF FACT; FINDINGS OF CONSISTENCY; SEVERABILITY; AND AN EFFECTIVE DATE.
WHEREAS, Chapters 125 and 163, Florida Statutes, provide for the Board of County Commissioners to prepare, implement and enforce Comprehensive Plans and Land Development regulations for the control of development within the County;
WHEREAS, Sections 163.3184 and 163.3187, Florida Statutes, provide the process for the adoption of Comprehensive Plan amendments; and,
NOW THEREFORE BE IT ORDAINED BY THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF ST. JOHNS COUNTY, FLORIDA:
SECTION 1. The St. Johns County Comprehensive Plan is amended to change the Future Land Map designation from Rural/Silviculture (R/S) to Mixed Use District (MD), on approximately 1.16 acres of land located at 11305 Old Dixie Highway, as described on the attached EXHIBITS A and B.
SECTION 2. The 2025 Comprehensive Plan amendment described in Section 1 is based upon the following Findings of Fact:
(a) The amendment was fully considered after public hearing pursuant to legal notice duly published as required by Law.
(b) The amendment is consistent with the Northeast Florida Strategic Regional Policy Plan.
(c) The amendment is consistent with the applicable sections of the St. Johns County Comprehensive Plan and the Land Development Code.
(d) The amendment is consistent with the Goals, Objectives, and Policies of the St. Johns County comprehensive Plan, including Policies A.1.2.5, A.1.2.7, A.1.3.11, A.1.15.2, and with other provisions provided during the public hearing.
SECTION 3. The remaining portions of the St. Johns County Comprehensive Plan, Ordinance No. 2010- 38, as amended, and the 2025 Future Land Use Map, as amended, which are not in conflict with the provisions of this Ordinance, shall remain in full force and effect.
SECTION 4. Should any section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase or portion of this Ordinance be held invalid or unconstitutional by any court of competent jurisdiction, such portions shall be deemed a separate, distinct and independent provision and shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions.
SECTION 5. These amendments to the St. Johns County Comprehensive Plan shall be effective 31 days after the state land planning agency notifies the local government that the plan amendment package is complete. If timely challenged within 30 days after adoption, the amendment does not become effective until the state land-planning agency or Administration Commission enters a final order determining the adopted amendment to be in compliance.
SECTION 6. This Ordinance shall be recorded in a book of land use regulation ordinances kept and maintained by the Clerk of Court in accordance with Section 125.68, Florida Statutes.
PASSED AND ENACTED BY THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF ST. JOHNS COUNTY, FLORIDA, THIS ______DAY OF ______2020.
BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF ST. JOHNS COUNTY, FLORIDA
BY: ______Jeremiah R. Blocker, Chair
ATTEST: Brandon J. Patty, Clerk of the Circuit Court and Comptroller
BY: ______Deputy Clerk
Effective Date: ______
Exhibit A:
Exhibit B Legal Description
A Parcel of land in Tract 10 of Durbin Subdivision, in Section 2 and 3, Township 5 South, Range 28 East, St. Johns County, Florida, said Parcel or land being more fully described as follows: Commencing at the Northeast corner of said Tract 10, thence South 25 degrees 02 minutes East, on the East line of said Tract 10, and the West line of the Old Dixie Highway, 100 feet to the Point of Beginning at the Northeast corner of the herein described parcel of land; thence continuing South 25 degrees 02 Minutes East, on said East line of said Tract 10 and west line of Highway, 264.02 feet; thence South 88 degrees 10 Minutes West 305.15 feet; thence North 24 degrees 10 minutes East, on the East line of a 20 feet width lateral ditch from State Road No. 5, U.S. Highway No. 1 a distance of 270.01 feet; thence North 88 degrees 10 Minutes East 82.75 feet to the Point of Beginning; and containing l.08 acres more or less.
Together with,
A triangular shaped parcel of land in Tract 10 of the DURBIN SUBDIVISION, in Sections 2 and 3, Township 5 South, Range 28 East, St. Johns County, Florida, being more particularly described as follows,
Commencing at the Northeast corner of said Tract 10; thence run South 25 degrees, 02 minutes East on the East line of said Tract 10 and the west line of the Old Dixie Highway, 98.18 feet to the Northeast corner of the property of THOMAS E. BELL and SHERRY LEE BELL. his wife, as described in ORB 239, page 410, public records of St. Johns County, Florida, thence South 88 degrees 10 minutes West along the North line of property of THOMAS E. BELL and SHERRY LEE BELL, his wife, 82.75 feet; thence North 24 degrees 12 minutes East 100.39 feet to the point of beginning.
END OF RECORDED DOCUMENTS SECTION
ATTACHMENT 2 APPLICATION AND SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS
Small Scale Comprehensive Plan Amendment Parcel Number 023300 0010 11305 Old Dixie Highway St. Augustine, Florida
Description of Existing Property
The 1.16 acre property presently has a single family residence (mobile home), RV canopy, and several sheds/outbuildings. The property is cleared and mowed with several trees. Access to Old Dixie Highway is via a driveway toward the south end of the property. Water service is provided by an existing well on the property. A septic system serves residence. It is currently zoned Open Rural (O/R), land use is Rural Silviculture (R/S). We are requesting a Land Use change to Md to make the property in conformance with the existing surrounding zoning trend.
General Description of Proposed Development
It is the intent of the applicant to develop the property as a boat and recreational vehicle (RV) storage facility in conformance with the proposed CI zoning category in a single phase. The facility will be operated as an addition to the existing St. Johns Boat & RV Storage at 11325 Old Dixie Highway. The Generalized Site Plan attached as Exhibit 9 depicts the site layout. The property will be screened in accordance with the St. Johns County Land Development Code Section 6.06.04.B(10) requirements for Boat and RV Storage facilities. Access will be from Old Dixie Highway.
We anticipate that the existing mobile home and miscellaneous structures will be removed. At the current time, we anticipate the construction of 32 covered storage units.
A stormwater management system will be constructed in accordance with the requirements of St. Johns County and the St. Johns River Water Management District. A dry retention pond will be constructed in the north corner of the site and discharge into an existing FDOT ditch west of the property. No wetlands exist on the site.
A summary of areas is as follows:
Buildings: 13,920 sf Pavements: 14,969 sf Pervious Area: 7,513 sf Buffers: 9,195 sf Pond: 5,200 sf
Total: 50,797 sf
Development Rational
Johns Boat & RV Storage opened our first facility on 1.54 acres off County Road 210 in May 2003. Demand for space allowed us to open the facility on Old Dixie Highway in April 2007. Both of these facilities are currently at capacity. Neither offers covered storage. The only other covered storage in this immediate area is the Atlantic Self Storage facility east of Nocatee. They offer fully enclosed units at a higher price point. They were fully leased with a waiting list when we called in early June 2020.
The need for a new facility in this area is immediate. We are responding to the demands of the residential growth in this area. The residential developments being constructed do not allow storage of these types of vehicles within the development and do not provide a specific place within the development for storage.
Our customer base is anyone owning a boat, RV or camper within Northwest St. Johns County and the 210 corridor that cannot by regulation, covenant or choice store it on their property. Many considerations are taken into account by our customers when choosing a storage location. The proximity to their residence and price are the biggest considerations. Over the last 12 months, we have looked at all available property in this area and found this location to be the only one available that would be sufficient to meet the needs of the residents of this area seeking affordable, convenient boat and RV storage.
This type of business is very land intensive. Land costs are the biggest factor in determining the price to the customer. Land values in this area have increased greatly over the past several years. To provide what we believe to be reasonably and competitively priced outdoor storage, we need to find reasonably priced land. Any land having frontage on a major roadway is priced at $500,000 per acre or above, which is out of the range of this type of business. Because of this, we must look for land not having major road frontage. This is also desirable for us as less visibility is better from a security standpoint. The people that need storage will find us other ways than driving by the facility.
Intensive Commercial (IC), Industrial (I) and Mixed Use District (Md) are the only land uses where Boat and RV storage is allowed in St. Johns County. Additional areas may be found in some Development of Regional Impacts. The properties available in Northwest St. Johns County that meet this criterion are few. A summary of compatible land uses and availability from the St. Johns River to the Intracoastal Waterway is presented below:
Description Land Use Availability
Julington Creek Plantation DRI 5 Aberdeen and Durbin Crossing DRI 3 Gate lands on Racetrack Road CI 1, 2 CR 210 and I-95 Interchange Area Md 3 Twin Creeks DRI 4 Nocatee DRI 3 US 1 Corridor Md 3
Availability Key: 1 Not for sale 2 Not ready for development 3 Too Expensive 4 In DRI, not yet available 5 No space allocated DRI
This property is the only one we have found in 12 months of searching that will meet the needs of the residents of the area who require reasonably priced storage for their vehicles. It is in a centrally located area, it is available at a reasonable price and not on a major roadway. We anticipate land prices to keep increasing as construction of the previously approved developments progresses, making reasonably priced land for boat and RV storage more difficult to find in the future.
Consistency With Goals, Objectives and Policies
This general area is not within a much larger area of rural silviculture, but is an island in the middle of more intensive land uses. The land in this area is not in agricultural production at this time. Commercial development currently exists in this immediate area.
This will not be a stand-alone commercial development. It is immediately adjacent to existing commercial development to the southwest and the existing St. Johns Boat & RV Storage facility to the north. The property to the west has submitted documents to the County stating their intent to change the zoning and land use to commercial intensive uses. The property to the south, which was formerly zoned CI, has been cleared and is being marketed as a commercial property. This property is generally surrounded by Mixed Use, Intensive Commercial and New Town land uses. This property is merely in the left-over portion of the former Rural Silviculture land use area.
The land use changes in this immediate area are a result of the influences of the previously approved Developments of Regional Impact. The CR 210 overpass has also significantly changed the character of this area. This area no longer has the rural residential character that is was in the past. This location of this property has the greatest potential as centrally located mixed use property.
The Mixed Use District designation requested is based criteria found in the County’s Objective A.1.9. The objective states that this district is not intended for strip commercial development, but rather to encourage commercial and light industrial development with decreasing intensities toward adjacent land use designations. The boat and RV storage use proposed has minimal traffic, noise and visual impact associated with it. It will act as a buffer between the more intensive commercial development which already exists along US 1 and the existing Greenleaf neighborhood.
This property is presently zoned Open Rural. We have an application in to St. Johns County to change the zoning to CI.
This property will not impact any cultural or historical resources. An archeological study will be performed on the property. Archeological studies have been performed on our existing storage property and the Old Dixie Highway corridor in 2006. Nothing of significance was been found in either location.
Impact on Public Facilities and Services
This project will have minimal impact on public facilities and infrastructure. The traffic volume expected is very low and will not have a significant impact on local roadways. Drainage is being handled with an on-site stormwater management facility, discharging into an existing swale. There are no recreation or mass transit needs generated by this project. No wetland impacts are proposed and stormwater runoff will be treated in the retention pond. The project is compatible with the surrounding land uses as described in more detail above and will be screened in accordance with County code requirements.
Water and Sewer Services
The boat and RV storage facility will only require water for the irrigation. The existing well on the property will be sufficient for these needs. However, it is likely the project will require connection to the public water system for a fire hydrant. The project may elect to use that water source for irrigation or domestic use in the future. No connections to sewer services are needed based on this demand or are proposed at this time.
Water service is available in the immediate area through JEA. We have requested a project specific letter of availability.
Comprehensive Plan Goals and Objectives
We believe changing the Land Use of this property to be consistent with the Goals, Objectives and Policies of the St. Johns County Comprehensive Plan, Strategic Regional Policy and the State Comprehensive Plan. In approving this change to Mixed Use District, the County will be effectively managing growth and development by designating this as an area of anticipated future development. It satisfies a demand for boat and RV storage in a cost efficient and environmentally acceptable manner. Keeping this area in Rural Silviculture does not encourage or accommodate land uses which creating a sound economic base as this area has become too small to be productive in that manner.
21 West Church Street Jacksonville, Florida 32202-3139
E L E C T R I C W A T E R S E W E R R E C L A I M E D
Jamie Mackey July 07, 2020 JST Properties, LLC PO Box 600363 St. Johns, FL, 32260 Project Name: Bell Covered Storage Availability#: 2020-2162
Attn: Jamie Mackey, Thank you for your inquiry regarding the availability of electric, potable water, sanitary sewer and reclaimed water (WS&R) service. The eight digit availability number referenced in this letter will be the number JEA uses to track your project. Please reference this number when making inquiries and submitting related documents. This availability letter will expire two years from the date above. Point of Connection: A summary of connection points for WS&R services are identified on the following page. JEA recognizes Connection Point #1 as the primary point of connection (POC); however, a secondary, conditional POC will be listed if available. JEA assumes no responsibility for the inaccuracy of any service connection portrayed on a JEA utility system record drawing. JEA strongly recommends field verification of all POCs prior to any construction to ensure connection availability. If this availability request is for a sewer lateral, prior to relying on the described POC and/or any reference drawings, the applicant shall request and pay for a JEA field locate, for a cost of $491.00, to determine the actual location and suitability of this potential POC. Please note the Special Conditions stated in each section contain pertinent information and additional requirements as well as further instructions. In the event the point of connection is located within a JEA easement located on private property not owned by applicant, applicant shall be responsible to obtain a temporary construction easement from the third party owner providing applicant with the right to construct the utilities.
Offsite Improvements: For all utilities located in the public Right of Way or JEA easement, the new WS&R utilities shall be dedicated to JEA upon completion and final inspection, unless otherwise noted. It shall be the applicant's responsibility to engage the services of a professional engineer, licensed in the State of Florida. All WS&R construction shall conform to current JEA Water, Sewer & Reuse Design Guidelines which may be found on jea.com.
Reservation of Capacity: This availability response does not represent JEA's commitment for or reservation of WS&R capacity. In accordance with JEA's policies and procedures, commitment to serve is made only upon JEA's approval of your application for service and receipt of your payment of all applicable fees. A detailed overview of the process can be found at JEA.com. This document along with other important forms and submittal processes can be found, https://www.jea.com/water_and_wastewater_development
Sincerely,
JEA Water, Sewer Reclaim Availability Request Team 21 West Church Street Jacksonville, Florida 32202-3139
E L E C T R I C W A T E R S E W E R R E C L A I M E D
Availability#: 2020-2162 Request Received On: 6/25/2020 Availability Response: 7/7/2020 Prepared by: Roderick Jackson
Project Information Name: Bell Covered Storage Type: OTHER Requested Flow: 1,000 gpd 11305 Old Dixie HIghway, Ponte Vedra, FL 32081Approx 500' north of Cross Location: Ridge Drive Parcel ID No.: 0233000010 Description: 12,500 sf of covered boat and RV storageNeed fire service
Potable Water Connection Water Treatment Grid: SOUTH GRID No water main abuts the property. Existing 10-inch within the Cross Ridge Dr Connection Point #1: approx 215 LF east of this property. Connection Point #2: NA Lot will require water main construction in right-of-way and individual water services. Connection to the proposed POC is contingent upon inspection and Special Conditions: acceptance of the mains by JEA. JEA must approve construction and accept the lines prior to meter issuance.
Sewer Connection Sewer Treatment Plant: MANDARIN No sewer main abuts the property. Existing gravity sewer main the Cross Ridge Dr Connection Point #1: approx 175 LF east of this property. Connection Point #2: NA If gravity flow cannot be achieved, then Connection to the JEA-owned sewer system for your project will require the design and construction of an onsite, privately owned and maintained pump station, and a JEA dedicated force main Special Conditions: (min. 4'' dia.). For the estimated cost of connecting to the JEA system, please email [email protected] with project address, availability number and APPROVED plans showing where the proposed connections will be installed.
Reclaimed Water Connection Sewer Region/Plant: N/A Existing 20-inch reclaim main within the Cross Ridge Dr ROW, adjacent tot his Connection Point #1: proeprty. Connection Point #2: NA Reclaim for irrigation purpose only. For the estimated cost of connecting to the JEA Special Conditions: system, please email [email protected] with project address, availability number and APPROVED plans showing where the proposed connections will be installed.
General Comments: Electric Availability: The subject property lies within the geographic area legally served by JEA. JEA will provide electric service as per JEA's most current Rules and Regulations. POC location to be field verified by developer during project design which includes a Level A SUE Report. Connection to the proposed POC is contingent upon inspection and acceptance of the mains by JEA. If needed pre-design meeting may be scheduled prior to submitting a plan set. Send pre-design meeting requests, with availability number, to [email protected]. Copies of reference drawings may be requested from the JEA Record online at https://www.jea.com/engineering_and_construction/request_an_as-built_drawing/.
Mr. Dana Ste.Claire July 20, 2020 Heritage Cultural Services, LLC 820 Turtle Lake Court Ponte Vedra, Florida 32082
Re: Project Name: Phase I Cultural Resource Assessment Survey of the Bell RV and Boat Storage Parcel SJC Project No.: PREAPP 2020-52 Date Received: July 17, 2020
Dear Mr. Ste.Claire:
This office reviewed the above referenced report in accordance with St. Johns County’s Land Development Code regulations Section 3.01.04.D. The report was reviewed for conformance with the Florida Division of Historical Resources’ Cultural Resource Management Standards and Operational Manual: Guidelines for Use by Historic Preservation Professionals, which is the standard that the County uses for archaeological survey reports.
In July 2020, Heritage Cultural Services, LLC conducted a cultural resources assessment survey (CRAS) of the 1.17-acre Bell Storage parcel on behalf of Jamie Mackey, Green Cove Springs, Florida. Portions of the project area fall within “medium” probability zones for archaeological sites based upon the county’s defined archaeological probability zones. The consultant noted that the entire lot exhibited substantial impacts and appeared to have been timbered, clear-cut, leveled, and developed. Heritage Cultural Services, LLC found no evidence of cultural or historical resources on the property.
Based on the information provided, review of this project indicates that the fieldwork conforms to these standards and the report is complete and sufficient. It is the investigator’s assessment that no cultural resources listed, or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, will be impacted by the proposed construction. This office concurs with these recommendations and finds the archaeological work for this project complete.
In the event that unexpected archaeological and historical resources are encountered during ground disturbing activities, all work shall halt and the St. Johns County Environmental Division, Historic Resource Management office contacted immediately. If human remains are encountered, cease all activity and notify local law enforcement or your local district medical examiner.
Thank you for contributing to the identification of the County’s cultural resources. If you have not done so, please ensure that you submit a digital copy and a hard copy of this CRAS to the Florida Master Site File. Please contact me if you have any further questions regarding these comments, or regarding the County’s Cultural Resource Program in general.
Sincerely,
Mercedes E. Harrold, M.A., RPA Cultural Resources Coordinator Registered Professional Archaeologist (44245863) (904) 209-0623 [email protected]
Phase I Cultural Resource Assessment Survey of the Bell RV and Boat Storage Parcel St. Johns County, Florida
St. Johns County Application No.: 2020-000052
Prepared by Dana Ste.Claire, M.A., RPA Heritage Cultural Services LLC
July 2020 Table of Contents
Introduction ...... 2 Regional Settlement Patterns ...... 5 Guana Tolomato Matanzas Rivers Basin ...... 5 Cultural Prehistory of St. Johns County ...... 6 PaleoIndian Period ...... 6 The Archaic Period ...... 7 The Orange Period ...... 8 The St. Johns Period ...... 9 Historical Background ...... 12 A Brief History of St. Augustine ...... 16 The Old Dixie Highway...... 18 The Historic Settlement of Durbin ...... 19 Environmental Setting ...... 20 Previous Archaeological Investigations ...... 21 Research Design and Field Methodology ...... 22 Survey Results and Management Recommendations ...... 25 Photographic Plates ...... 26 Source Bibliography & References Cited ...... 30 Attachment A: Survey Log Sheet Florida Division of Historical Resources ...... 33 Attachment B: Correspondence Florida Division of Historical Resources ...... 36
1 Introduction
This report documents the findings of an archaeological and historical survey of Bell RV and Boat Storage parcel conducted for Jamie Mackey, Green Cove Springs, Florida, to satisfy cultural resource requirements and provisions contained in Section 3.01.04.D of the St. Johns County Land Development Code. Archaeological survey work was requested pursuant to the authority vested in the St. Johns County Planning Division, Historic Resources Section, regarding project concurrency, this defined by County ordinance. The purpose of the survey, conducted in early July 2020, was to locate any archaeological and/or historical sites within the project area and to assess their potential eligibility for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. The authority for this procedure is Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665) as amended, 36 CFR Part 800: Protection of Historic Properties, and Chapter 267, Florida Statutes. This report is designed to provide the County of St. Johns with information resulting from the subject cultural resource assessment survey for their review in regard to potential impact of the proposed development on historical and archaeological sites.
The 1.17-acre project area is located in northeastern St. Johns County (Nocatee) at 11305 Old Dixie Highway in Sections 2 and 3, Township 5 South, Range 28 East. In general, the project tract is bordered by Old Dixie Highway on the east, the existing Bell RV & Boat Storage yard property to the north, and the legal boundaries of private lands to the south and west (see Figures 1 and 2). These project perimeters bound the Area of Potential Effect (APE) as defined by Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665) as amended.
The project area falls within a Medium probability zone for archaeological sites based upon the St. Johns County Archaeological Site Probability Model Map. Thus, a cultural resource assessment survey (CRAS) designed to identify the historical resources across the project area is required in accordance with LDC Section 3.01.04.D, with a completed study forwarded to the St. Johns County Environmental Division, Historic Resources Section, for compliance review. Per the procedures of your offices, we understand that approval of the study and a letter from the Environmental Division stating the determination of final action are required prior to any approval of land clearing, development permits, subdivision plats, and/or development or construction plans; this requirement must also be completed prior to approval of Master Development Plans, and prior to BCC public hearings for all PUDs and PRDs.
A TRS search conducted July 6, 2020, through the Florida Master Site File offices, Division of Historical Resources, Tallahassee, determined that previously recorded archaeological sites and historic structures occur in the general area surrounding the project area but not on subject property (see attached FMSF documents).
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Guana Tolomato Matanzas Rivers Basin
Located approximately five miles east of the Bell Storage development parcel, the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve (GTM-NERR) includes 74,000 acres of coastal lands in Northeast Florida. As evidenced by archaeological remains at Guana, humans have used the area for thousands of years. Sixty-one archaeological sites are recorded for the area and include prehistoric Native American shell middens, burial mounds, a Spanish mission, and homestead sites. Most prominent of these sites is Shell Bluff Landing (8SJ00032), an extensive oyster shell midden on the east bank of the Tolomato River. Cultural deposits there represent 5,000 plus years of human occupation with Archaic period components (Newman and Weisman 1992). The National Register site also includes historic sites such as a 19th century coquina well.
Wrights Landing (8SJ00003) is another example of an extensive oyster shell midden, covering some 49 acres. It, too, has important historic components, most significantly the location of the Mission Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe de Tolomato, established in the 1620s. It is the second location of the Mission, the first established on the Georgia coast. A diversity of Spanish ceramics and other artifacts are testimony to early colonial period settlement in the area, much of which is related to the history of St. Augustine located to the immediate south of the Reserve.
Other sites include the Guana River Shell Ring (8SJ02554) which measures some 100 meters in diameter. Cultural materials found in association with the site indicate Late Archaic period (ca. 5,000 years B.P.) construction and use.
An inventory and discussion of archaeological and historical sites which define the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve can be found in the article, “Prehistoric and Historic Settlement in the Guana Tract,” by Christine Newman and Brent Weisman. The Reserve has likely seen continuous occupation in some form from prehistoric periods to more contemporary historic occupation. The existence of burial mounds and extensive shell middens suggest that the area served as a hub of prehistoric settlement for hundreds of years.
5 Cultural Prehistory of St. Johns County
Prehistoric peoples have inhabited Florida for at least 15,000 years. The earliest stages are pan-Florida in extent while later cultures exhibited differing cultural traits in the various archaeological areas of the state. Milanich and Fairbanks (1980) and Milanich (1994) have synthesized the earlier work of John Goggin (1952) and others in east Florida in their model of cultural prehistory in Northeast Florida, of which St. Johns County is part. Their chronology, as modified by recent archaeological research, will be followed in a brief overview of the prehistoric development in this region, which includes the project area. This cultural sequence provides a framework for the understanding and evaluation of archaeological sites in the project area.
The Bell Storage project area is located in the East-Central archaeological region of Florida as defined by Milanich and Fairbanks (1980:22) and Milanich (1994:xix). This region extends from the St. Marys River to the north and south to the vicinity of Vero Beach on the Atlantic Coast, and includes the St. Johns River drainage and most of the eastern coastal lagoon regions.
PaleoIndian Period
The first discoverers of the New World were the Siberians of East Asia. More than 20,000 years ago, possibly as early as 40,000 years ago, prehistoric hunters crossed into North America from Asia over the Bering Strait land bridge, a continental link created by shrunken seas during the Ice Age.
Following food supplies, mainly roaming herds of large mammals such as mastodons and mammoths, the Asians migrated throughout the Americas, eventually finding their way into Florida some 15,000 years ago. Many archaeologists believe that these early Floridians, called PaleoIndians, relied, in part, on the coastal regions for food and other resources. If so, the areas they once inhabited are now under water because ancient coastlines were miles beyond where they are today due to the lower sea levels of the time. If they have survived the destructive nature of rising sea levels, these archaeological sites will be found far offshore, possibly along relic river channels, the past freshwater environs where indigenous people tended to concentrate. This phenomenon may explain why archaeologists have such a difficult time finding evidence of early humans in Florida, especially along the coasts.
Recent research on Paleoindian sites in and along the Aucilla River in northwest Florida, particularly the Page-Ladson site, has changed the thinking on early prehistoric peoples in Florida and the Southeast (Dunbar 2012; Halligan 2012; Webb 2006). Based on these archaeological investigations and the data produced, it is generally believed that Paleoindian settlement was more specialized and sedentary than once thought, particularly in how Pleistocene megafauna such as mastodons were hunted and processed. The lithic tool assemblage associated with these early prehistoric activities is sophisticated and specialized.
6
While it is likely that they inhabited the area, PaleoIndian artifacts are infrequently found in St. Johns County and surrounding areas. Most have been recovered from the St. Johns River by divers who often find them in association with the fossil remains of early mammals such as elephants and bison, which were hunted by the PaleoIndians. These associated remains seem to indicate that Florida’s earliest residents were taking and later butchering animals at river fords where the large creatures were temporarily incapacitated as they waded across the water. Archaeologists refer to these locations as “kill sites.”
The Florida environment during PaleoIndian times was much different than today. The climate was cooler and drier, and freshwater was more difficult to find due to lower sea levels. Forests of hardwoods, mostly oak and hickory, grew alongside of open prairies. Here, PaleoIndians coexisted with and hunted an unusual variety of Pleistocene mammals which once lived in Florida such as giant ground sloths, horse, bison, llamas, giant armadillos, huge tortoises, peccaries and several types of elephants. They hunted many species of smaller animals, as well. Subsistence was of primary concern to these early people whose lifestyles were largely dictated by the migratory patterns and movements of game. The principal PaleoIndian diet was supplemented by wild plants, nuts, berries and food resources from the coasts.
PaleoIndians used specialized stone tools, the most characteristic of which are slightly waisted spear tips known as Suwannee and Simpson projectile points. Hundreds of these points have been found throughout Florida in rivers, suggesting that they were lost during game ambushes at river crossings.
The Archaic Period
About 6,000 B.C., the Earth’s climate changed and a warming trend caused glaciers to melt and release a tremendous amount of water into the ocean. Consequently, sea levels began to rise dramatically, changing the shape of the coastlines of Florida. The warmer temperatures and abundance of water caused a change in the environment and extensive hardwood forests gave way to pines and oaks, and swamp forests emerged. This was the end of the last great Ice Age.
It was during this period that the large mammals that once characterized Pleistocene Florida disappeared. In a new landscape that looked very similar to what St. Johns County does today, lessor mammals flourished. The new environment produced a variety of new food sources which prehistoric people adapted to with a new technology. These events marked the beginning of the Florida Archaic period.
About 6,000 years ago, Archaic period hunters and gatherers began to expand out of the central highlands of Florida around Ocala and Gainesville and move into areas along the St. Johns River where they discovered an abundant supply of fish, game, and freshwater shellfish, mainly snail and mussel. By 4,000 B.C., prehistoric peoples were well
7 established along the river, living there year-round rather than seasonally. For the first time, people became more sedentary in lifestyle, settling in one area. A stable supply of food found in the river environs attracted and supported more people and eventually large villages and ceremonial centers began to emerge. These Archaic populations are known archaeologically as the Mount Taylor culture, named after the Mount Taylor site, a freshwater shell mound on the St. Johns River.
Perhaps the most significant of these sites is the archaeologically acclaimed Tick Island site on the St. Johns River inn Volusia County. Evidence from this site suggests a large and complex society once lived there, which practiced organized ceremonialism. Some of the earliest pottery in North America has been recovered from Tick Island along with a spectacular array of artifacts. Unfortunately, most of these were salvaged as the shell mound was being mined for road fill in the 1960’s. Radiocarbon dates associated with human burial remains recovered from the site prior to its destruction indicate that Tick Island was well established by 4,000 B.C.
The Orange Period
The Archaic tradition, or the way Archaic peoples lived, continued for some time. The practice of hunting, gathering of food, and fishing, including the taking of shellfish, provided the food resources for prehistoric peoples to survive in many areas of St. Johns County.
Around 4,000 years ago or about 2,000 B.C., the technology of pottery-making was acquired by the Archaic people of Northeast Florida. The earliest forms of pottery were made from locally-gathered clays mixed with plant fibers. When fired, the bodies of these ceramic vessels became orange in color. This recognizable pottery type, evidenced by its color and the presence of fiber impressions throughout, is used by archaeologists to identify the Orange or Late Archaic cultural period in St. Johns County, a continuation of the Archaic lifestyle with the advantage of pottery vessels. Orange period sites along the St. Johns River have produced the oldest dates for pottery in North America. The earliest pottery vessel forms are rectangular-shaped and were probably modeled after baskets.
It is generally believed that it was during the Orange period that prehistoric peoples were attracted to the coasts of St. Johns County by a new food source created by a changing environment. An abundance of shellfish, produced by developing estuaries, caused inhabitants of the St. Johns River basin to migrate to the coastal regions of Northeast Florida and develop a new but similar means of subsistence. The settlement model for this period theorizes that the coastal resources supplemented the freshwater river lifestyle rather than replace it entirely. For some time, it has been believed that prehistoric groups of this time made seasonal rounds to and from the coasts from their permanent villages along the St. Johns River. These seasonal migrations are suggested to have taken place during the winter months when foods other than marine shellfish were scarce or not available.
8 However, evidence from coastal archaeological areas indicates that Late Archaic peoples were living along the coasts of Northeast Florida year-round rather than at certain times of the year. Archaeological research conducted in St. Johns, Duval, Flagler and Volusia Counties, reveals that Orange period people were collecting and eating a variety of coastal resources throughout the year. Sites like Shell Bluff Landing northeast of the subject property have produced cultural deposits that represent prehistoric settlement beginning 5,000 years ago. Many of the sites researched are coquina middens, formed by the discarded remains of beach clams that were gathered from the seashore rather than estuaries. These tiny clams were collected in mass and cooked and eaten as a broth. Orange fiber-tempered pottery recovered from Late Archaic period coastal sites indicates that prehistoric peoples were using these areas about 4,000 years ago.
It is likely that Archaic period peoples were living in the coastal regions prior to the Orange period. Investigations at site such as the Strickland Mount complex in Tomoka State Park have revealed extensive coquina middens that contain no pottery. These shell middens along with an early mounded burial may suggest that prehistoric groups had settled the east coast long before what is currently accepted. Rather than making seasonal rounds to and from the St. Johns River and the coast, it is likely that prehistoric people in St. Johns County and, in general, Northeast Florida, beginning with the Mount Taylor period, settled the two regions simultaneously, finding in both environments the resources necessary to support populations year-round. Small Archaic period sites along the upper reaches of interior drainages may be short-term hunting or collecting stations, which were used by small groups who traveled from their permanent villages on the coast or river to gather food over a period of several days. These activities would allow people to maintain permanent residences in either location, with shellfish and fish providing the primary means of food, while gathering resources from surrounding areas.
The St. Johns Period
The end of the Orange period is characterized by changes in pottery types resulting from different tempering agents, including sand, which were used along with or in place of fiber. By 500 B.C., Orange pottery was replaced by a chalky ware known as St. Johns. The introduction of this ceramic type marks the beginning of the St. Johns cultural period, a way of life that spans two millennia, lasting until the arrival of European explorers around 1500. While much larger in number, prehistoric populations of this period practiced the same pattern of living developed by Archaic peoples centuries before, including shellfish harvesting, hunting, fishing, and plant collecting. It was also during this period that domesticated plants, mainly corn and squash, were used for the first time.
The St. Johns people occupied two major regions of Northeast Florida, the St. Johns River basin to the west and the environmentally rich estuaries of the intracoastal waterways of the east coast. Abundant resources in both areas allowed prehistoric populations to grow and expand throughout these regions of the county, establishing permanent villages and ceremonial and political centers at locations where food was most
9 plentiful. Both the river and coastal regions are marked by enormous shell mounds, the remains of prehistoric foods – snail and mussel in the freshwater environs and oyster, clam and coquina on the coasts, all of which served as the staple for the St. Johns diet for centuries. In the immediate vicinity of the project area are two notable examples of these site types: Shell Bluff Landing (8SJ00032) and Wright’s Landing (8SJ00003) located to the east. Coastal shell mound along the east coast such as Turtle Mound in Canaveral National Seashore Park and Green Mound in Ponce Inlet represent the largest shell middens in North America.
Because of an abundance of fish and shellfish in the estuarine regions of St. Johns County, St. Johns people lived in many areas along the intracoastal waterways other than the densely populated areas of river basins. This is evidenced by the numerous oyster middens known for St. Johns County, including those in the nearby Tolomato River Basin.
St. Johns period sites abound along the St. Johns River to the west, as well, indicating that prehistoric activity in the river basin during this cultural period was extensive. Here, enormous shell mounds and sprawling middens are composed of freshwater snail instead of oyster. The largest of these, Tick Island, was a focal point for St. Johns people as well as Archaic hunters and gatherers. Tick Island and other large sites likely were areas where St. Johns populations concentrated and consequently developed political and ceremonial systems to organize their complex societies.
Less is known about the inland occupations of St. Johns people, those that occur between river and coast. It is clear, however, that these areas were being used during the St. Johns period, this evidenced by interior sites such as Grand Haven Hammock (8FL181) and Grand Haven Cove (8FL174). Freshwater snail and coquina middens found along inland lakes, ponds, swamps and other drainages suggest that some St. Johns people were well adapted to these areas, living selectively, seasonally or year-round within the interior portions of the region.
The late St. Johns period peoples were known historically as the Timucuan Indians in St. Johns County and in Northeast Florida, a name that was given to them by the early European explorers. The ethnographic works of the French artist Jacques le Moyne in 1564 and other early descriptions provide archaeologists and historians with invaluable information regarding the lifestyles of the Timucua and their prehistoric ancestors. These early documentations, coupled with archaeological information, give us a relatively accurate profile of native life.
We know from this information that in addition to collecting shellfish from local waters for food, native Floridians also hunted, with bows and arrows and spears, deer and many other animals – even alligators, and fished, and trapped turtles and birds. Plants, roots, nuts, mainly acorns and hickory nuts, and berries were also gathered for food. A popular method of cooking foods involved the stewing and boiling of meats and plants in various combinations in a large pottery “kettle.” Fish and animals were barbecued whole and preserved on smoke racks made of wood and crop harvests were stored in corncribs.
10 Later, some native groups learned to grow corn, beans, squash, pumpkins, and other domesticated plants, a renewable source of food that ensured a stable diet. It is thought that in the spring some of these groups would abandon their large coastal villages, divide into smaller farming groups, and grow crops in the fertile grounds of the St. Johns River Valley and around the interior lakes of Central Florida.
Some Timucuan villages were fortified by a palisade line or a wall made of sharpened, upright timbers. A village often had a large community house in its center where ceremonies, religious activities, and political gatherings took place. This central structure was where the chief presided, as well. Surrounding the community center were smaller huts that housed families. These houses were circular and dome-shaped in form with palmetto-thatched walls and roofs. Inside, wooden benches were used for sitting and sleeping. While the Timucuan attire was brief, sometimes consisting of strands of Spanish moss, their practice of body ornamentation and use of jewelry made for some richly decorated natives. Chiefs and other important members of the community were often tattooed from head to foot, a symbol. of authority. Men wore their hair up in a “top knot” usually with feathers or stuffed animals adorning their heads. Dyed fish-bladder ear plugs and long shell and bone pins were worn by both men and women. Jewelry, finely crafted and colorful, was made of shell, pearls, bone, wood, stone, and metal.
Accustomed to life near the water, the aborigines used dugout wooden canoes for transportation and hunting in the extensive waterways of the Intracoastal and the St. Johns River. The dugouts were made by felling a tree, usually a pine or cypress, and hollowing out the body by burning and scraping away the interior wood. Many of these wooden vessels have been recovered from the bottom of lakes and rivers throughout the county area.
11 Historical Background
Possession of Florida during its early historic days was by two distinctly different European nations, Spain and Britain. Spain claimed first ownership, from 1513 until 1763, followed by Britain from 1763 until 1783, the year Spain again resumed possession. In 1819 Spain ceded Florida to the United States. This territorial period ended in 1845 when Florida officially was admitted as a State. The majority of early settlers from 1513 - 1819 were either Hispanic or citizens of the British Isles. Smaller numbers of other ethnic groups who immigrated to Florida as colonists came from the Mediterranean areas. Hundreds and perhaps thousands of slaves from various African countries were brought into Florida as agricultural workers beginning as early as the British Period. All of these historic period settlers came into a land already occupied by thousands of Native Americans, whom they called Indians.
Florida's First Spanish Period occupation, from 1513 to 1763, was primarily by Spanish peoples. These early residents lived in defensible, rather tightly contained villages as their interface with the Native American population was oftentimes not peaceful. To date, historical documentation has not been found to indicate Spanish settlers from this period lived or farmed very far from the confines of St. Augustine, other than on their Catholic mission sites. Many land grants were issued along Florida's east coast to Spanish citizens during this period but the majority of these properties were never developed. No Spanish occupational sites, including Catholic mission sites, have been documented for the subject area.
Negotiations with Spain at the Treaty of Paris in 1763 transferred Florida (an area at that time much larger than current-day Florida) and the Mediterranean island of Minorca to Britain, in exchange for Havana, Cuba, captured a year earlier by the British. Spain considered Havana an essential and very valuable outpost in the New World for transporting its exports from Mexico, Central and South America back to Spain. It did not consider the lands of Florida of much value to its crown. Possession of this territory of Florida gave Britain an unbroken line of colonies along the Atlantic seaboard of North America, from Canada, obtained from France during the same treaty, to Florida (Moore, Ste. Claire 1999:31). Britain's governmental decision regarding the management of its newest colony, Florida, was to split the territory into two parts, East Florida and West Florida, with seats of government in each section. The dividing line between the two sections was delineated as the Apalachicola River. Pensacola was chosen as seat of West Florida's government and St. Augustine was appointed as the East Florida seat. Both sections had a governor appointed by the British government. East Florida's first colonial governor was Col. James Grant, appointed June 8, 1763, although he didn't arrive in St. Augustine until August 1764.
This British occupation of Florida is termed Florida's British Period, lasting only from 1763 to 1783, a twenty-year span. In 1783 another treaty between Britain and Spain returned Florida to Spanish ownership. This period, termed Florida's Second Spanish Period, ended in 1819 when Florida became an official territory of the United States. Under the British Period ownership, with a desire to quickly populate its two new
12 colonies, a system of land grants was implemented for which interested British subjects could apply. East Florida Governor James Grant's plan for settling East Florida was based on the development of a plantation economy, with large land grants issued to people who would produce agricultural products for which Britain's economy and citizens would benefit.
Grant considered a network of roads a top priority during his administration (Schafer 2001:163). He recognized that settlers needed a dependable overland transportation route but lacked sufficient funds to pay for this work at first. By 1772, savings in the Governor's contingency fund allowed work to begin on segments of the road. This effort may have provided the greatest public benefit of any project undertaken by the British government. John Funk was appointed surveyor for traversing and surveying the ground for the Public Road and paid 12 pounds for this work (Coomes 1975). Schafer (2001:168) described road specifications to be followed for portions of the King's Road leading north from St. Augustine. It is believed that these specifications were also followed for the southern route. The road was to measure sixteen feet across, with ditches and pine logs laid crosswise in the wet portions (corduroy ribbing), causeways through the swamps and bridges across the many creeks and rivers.
A chronology of events regarding the King's Road, from the end of the British Period up to 1845 when Florida officially became a State, is included in a report prepared by Adams, et al (Adams, et al 1997:1-4). Below is a summary of activities extracted from this report regarding road usage through St. Johns County during the 18th century and 19th century.
By 1784 British residents had left the province after Spain again regained control. This change in ownership and peoples affected repairs to segments of the route, particularly in areas remote to St. Augustine where there were now few or no settlers. The Patriot's War broke out in 1812 in East Florida, with rebel troops and Spanish militia using the road. The President of the United States was authorized in 1823 to open a road "in the old track of a road known by the name of the King's Road" from the St. Mary's River to New Smyrna. Official action was not taken until 1826 when the President officially authorized the work. In 1825, Col. James Gadsden, assigned to perform survey work for road repairs, reported his observations of road conditions and repair cost estimates to the Quartermaster General (Carter 1958:304). Congress appropriated $11,000 for the road work from the Georgia line to New Smyrna in 1827, with the use of Federal troops authorized. Repair work on the road south from St. Augustine to New Smyrna began in Jan. 1828. This work was completed to just south of the Tomoka River by Sept., 1830. A report in 1834 stated the road from the Matanzas River (Pellicer Creek) to New Smyrna was impassable for a horse. It was reported in Nov. 1835 that all wooden bridges along the road had been burned by Indians. The Second Seminole War began in December 1835 and most residents of farms and plantations south of St. Augustine evacuated to the city. A petition, sent in 1837 to Congress by some citizens living south of St. Augustine, solicited replacement of all bridges destroyed by the Seminoles as they ravaged plantations (Carter 1960:446-447). No action could or would be taken on this petition until after the end of the Second Seminole War in 1842. It is probable U.S. Army soldiers
13 utilized as much as the King's Road as practicable during this war with the Seminoles. At the conclusion of the war in 1845, U.S. federal land surveyors resumed laying out township, range and section lines, suspended in 1835 because of Indian hostilities. They used the King's Road as a survey monument.
Florida's statehood in 1845 brought significant changes to administration of roads, with transfer of authority from Washington to Tallahassee, who then delegated responsibility to the counties. County commissions created local agencies to supervise construction and maintenance of roads. A committee was created in Feb. 4, 1880 by the Board of County Commissioners to lay out a public road leading southward from St. Augustine to Pellicer Creek. This was accomplished by August that year by constructing two roads, the Carter Road and the Moultrie Road which joined together about five miles south of the city, thus forming a single road to Pellicer Creek. The Carter Road followed the general path of the King's Road and was referred to by that designation in commission meetings (Adams, et al 1997:34).
Documentation indicating that the King's Road was utilized by the military during the Civil War had not been found. Shortly after the end of the conflict, the U.S. Army began a thorough detailed mapping of the coast of Florida (Adams, et al 1997:34). It is probable that many portions of the King's Road were documented by these crews but a map depicting this was not found during research.
During the early 20th Century the King's Road found itself part of both the Dixie Highway and U.S. Highway 1, both of which ran parallel to the ocean along the east coast (Adams, et al 1997:36). The Dixie Highway, first to be completed, reached Miami on Oct. 25, 1915. Demands of traffic compelled construction of a second, larger U.S. Highway 1 in the early 1920's (Adams, et al 1997:36).
Bockelman (1975:3) stated it was not until the 20th Century, with the expansion of automobile travel and the fame of Florida's climate, that improved modern highways were built. Until then, the King's Road was the only highway along the east coast of the State. Most of this old road still exists, some still unpaved. Some portions run through private property. Portions have been realigned and some overlaid with modern-day highways. Some segments still carry on its old name, but now called the Old King's Road, in respect for its original developers (Bockelman 1975:5).
Naval stores (forestry products) was one of the important financial endeavors that sustained many of the early settlers in the area prior to and after the formation of St. Johns County. Naval stores refers to several products harvested from the forest: the oleogum of live pines produced turpentine and resin; tar and pitch were obtained by burning the residual resins of dead pines, pine knots, pine stumps and pine cones (Newman, et al 1998:3). Other products are timber and lumber cut from different species of trees and their various usages. Tar and pitch were in great demand as products essential for caulking and coating surfaces of early wooden ships during construction, repair, and maintenance (Bond 1987: 187). All of the above items were harvested or produced in northeast Florida, including within what is present-day St. Johns County, as
14 early as the eighteenth century British Period. In this time period, turpentine referred to the gum (pine sap) extracted from live trees, not the liquid that was steam distilled in later periods and referred to as spirits of turpentine. Early on, resin was the product of the hardened gum of the tree, later obtained as a by-product of the steam distilling of turpentine. Bond (1987, p189) states production of tar and turpentine during this early period rose from 190 barrels of tar and 56 barrels of turpentine in 1776 to as much as 20,000 barrels of tar and turpentine in 1783, the year Spain regained possession of Florida. To place the naval stores industry into a more recent historical context, between 1905 and 1923 Florida was the top producer of these products (Newman, et al 1998:2).
The late 19th century and early 20th century brought new changes to St. Johns County. Henry M. Flagler was a wealthy Standard Oil Company magnate from Ohio and later New York. In 1877, when Flagler’s wife Mary suffered from increasingly poor health, her doctor suggested they spend the winter in Florida. Although the state boasted magical curative qualities for its visitors, Florida had inadequate transportation routes, and Jacksonville was as far south as most tourists would travel. While there, Flagler realized the need for better tourist accommodations, a thought that remained on his mind long after he returned to New York. Mary’s health continued to decline, and despite her doctor’s advice to return to Florida, she died before they could make a return trip.
In 1883, Flagler married Ida Alice Shourds, and they honeymooned in Jacksonville and St. Augustine. Flagler was completely charmed, convinced he would retire in St. Augustine. His deep concern for the lack of transportation and accommodation set him off on a series of projects that would spur the rapid development not only of that town, but of commerce, tourism and agriculture all along the coast of East Florida from Jacksonville to Key West. His efforts included the refurbishment and construction of railroads, hotels, roads and bridges as well as the development of towns, farms and businesses all along Florida’s East Coast.
In 1885, Flagler purchased his first railroad in Florida -- the Jacksonville, St. Augustine and Halifax River Railroad -- just in time to make it useful in shipping construction materials to St. Augustine where he was building the grand Ponce de Leon Hotel. To further facilitate this as well as the conveyance of wealthy Northern passengers to his hotel, Flagler became increasingly interested in acquiring other railroad properties throughout east Florida. He bought the St. Johns Railroad, and his two lines then connected St. Augustine to Jacksonville, Tocoi and East Palatka. In 1888, he purchased a logging railroad that traveled from East Palatka to Daytona via San Mateo and Ormond. Now his railroads gave him a direct line from Jacksonville to Daytona.
Flagler often visited East Palatka, San Mateo and Hastings, and purchased a considerable amount of land in the latter two places. Hastings was, in fact, named after Flagler’s cousin Thomas Horace Hastings, who, in 1890, founded the 1,589-acre Prairie Garden Plantation. At his cousin’s request, Hastings built greenhouses to grow early winter vegetables for Flagler’s hotel guests in St. Augustine. Flagler also established orange groves in San Mateo and raised pineapples near West Palm Beach.
15 Also in 1890, Flagler bought a hotel in Ormond from John Anderson and Joseph D. Price. He enlarged the building and beautified the grounds, adding an 18-hole golf course. The hotel catered to automobile racing fans and offered amusements like bicycling and water activities.
Flagler continued building the railroad down the East Coast, next to Daytona, New Smyrna, Titusville, Cocoa, Rockledge, Palm Beach, Miami and eventually to Key West by 1912. Along the way, he bought land, established new towns, improved existing ones, built hotels, resorts, schools and churches, and established utility companies, newspapers, steamship lines, land development companies, and agricultural experimental farms. He understood that all of these things would help the success of his railroads and vice versa.
Flagler established a special department within the FEC Railway Company to handle the sales and management of his land acquisitions, the Model Land Company (MLC). The MLC and its subsidiaries controlled land from Jacksonville to Key West and contributed largely to East Florida’s agricultural and industrial growth. The company gave liberally of time, money and experience in assisting development. Expert agriculturalists, horticulturalists and stockmen were employed. The FEC soon began hauling hundreds of cars of produce each year.
A Brief History of St. Augustine
After Ponce de Leon claimed Florida for Spain in 1513, Spanish explorers found gold and silver in Mexico and Peru. The treasure was sent back to Spain in ships sailing in the Gulf Stream. Spanish settlements needed to be built in Florida to protect the Spanish treasure fleets. King Philip II of Spain sent Pedro Menéndez to settle Florida and drive out French garrisons recently established there. In September 1565, Pedro Menéndez, with 800 soldiers and colonists, landed and founded St. Augustine, making it the oldest continually occupied European settlement in North America. Menéndez successfully destroyed the French Fort Caroline at the mouth of the St. Johns River 40 miles north of St. Augustine and thus ended the French incursion into Florida.
St. Augustine's settlers, isolated and often near starvation, lived in constant fear of attacks by pirates who roamed the coast. Diminishing supplies and increasing hostility of the Indians made life treacherous for the early settlers. Englishman Francis Drake burned the village and wooden fort to the ground in 1586. The town was sacked again in 1668 by pirate Robert Searle.
Spain's Queen Regent Mariana realized that St. Augustine was the keystone in the defense of the Florida coast, so she ordered the construction of a new fort made of stone. In 1672, the Castillo de San Marcos was begun and took 23 years to complete. Originally the fort was covered with white plaster, some of which can be seen today. The towers in the four corners were plastered red. The fort was built of coquina, a locally quarried soft shellstone. Coquina was easily shaped by artisans and did not become brittle and crumble
16 under cannon fire. The fort, the city gate and many homes in St. Augustine were made of coquina which is still evident today.
In 1702, seven years after its completion, English troops from South Carolina besieged the Castillo for fifty days. Fifteen hundred Spanish citizens fled into the security of the fort and refused to surrender. The British finally gave up the siege and burned the town. This event is why there are no buildings older than 1702 in St. Augustine today. The Spaniards rebuilt their settlement, erected a defensive earthwork on its northern limit, fortified the walls around the city and strengthened the walls of the Castillo.
The English attacked again in 1740, this time led by General James Oglethorpe of Georgia. He bombarded the Castillo and town for twenty-seven days before he also gave up and left. The coquina walls had held firm, absorbing cannon balls without breaking apart.
England defeated Spain in the Seven Years War, and Florida was transferred to English control by the Treaty of Paris in 1763. England then divided Florida into two colonies, and St. Augustine became the capital of East Florida. During the American Revolution, St. Augustine remained loyal to the crown.
The entire Florida peninsula was returned to Spain as part of the negotiations ending the American Revolution in 1783. The Spanish came back to an impossible situation. The border problems of earlier times were multiplied as runaway slaves from Georgia found welcome among the Seminole Indians, and ruffians from both land and sea made Florida their habitat. Spain ruled for another 37 years known as the Second Spanish Period 1783- 1821. During this time, the Spaniards had difficulty luring settlers from the mother country and other colonies to repopulate this area.
On July 10, 1821, the Americans took over from the Spanish. In the 1830s, hostilities developed between Seminole Indians and the Federal government. In October 1837, one hundred Seminole Indians, including revered leader Osceola, were captured under a white flag of truce just south of St. Augustine. The end of the Seminole War made Florida safe again for visitors who came to take advantage of the fine climate. In 1845, Florida became the 27th state of the Union.
From 1875 to 1887, Indians from the Great Plains and the Southwest were exiled to Florida and imprisoned in the fort. The government sought to educate the Indians and allowed them some freedom of movement. These activities led to more progressive Federal Indian policies.
During the winter of 1883 - 84 Henry M. Flagler, co-founder of Standard Oil Company, visited the city and was impressed with the charm and possibilities of the area. He later made a major impact on the architecture and economy of this historic city by building the Hotel Ponce de Leon, Hotel Alcazar, the Memorial Church and more.
17 The Old Dixie Highway
The Old Dixie Highway, a historic section of the 1916 Dixie Highway in Florida, is located offsite along the eastern boundary of the Bell Storage parcel. The historic corridor, spanning most of Florida’s east coast, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for several counties and was the subject of extensive research (Johnston and Jones 2005). The road, comprised of dry laid brick in most areas, was part of the original Dixie Highway which once stretched from Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan south to Miami Beach, Florida.
In many areas, the highway is composed of a packed shell foundation topped with a nine- foot wide brick roadbed and four-inch wide concrete curbs, flanked by three-foot wide shell shoulders for a total width of fifteen feet. Florida contained 337 miles of rural brick road that were part of the state highway system and an additional 389 miles of county and local brick roads in 1925. Florida contained the third highest concentration of rural brick highways in the nation by the mid-1920, but now has less than fifty miles remaining. The bricks used to construct the road were vitrified bricks, clay bricks glazed at higher temperatures than common bricks.
An economic boom came with the completion of the Dixie Highway in 1915. The brick road brought a new customer base to the town: the Tin Can Tourists. Camps sprung up along the highway everywhere. In the early 1900s, the Florida Land Boom changed Florida tourism forever. Few groups had a greater influence on this than the Tin Can Tourists, named so for the heavy metal gas and water cans they carried on their cars, and for the canned foods they lived on. At the time of the Roaring Twenties when women were bobbing their hair and raising their hemlines, bootleg liquor was enjoyed at speakeasies, and Florida became the nation’s winter playground, tourists arrived in droves by automobile and truck, loaded with tents and food supplies.
While some hoped to buy cheap Florida real estate, for the majority of tourists the trip to Florida was purely recreational. The mostly middle class Tin Canners couldn’t afford the fancy hotels and restaurants built for wealthy Victorian tourists, so they sought out inexpensive vacations in the Florida sunshine and outdoor camping experiences that connected them to the wilderness. Model T Fords and other early cars were modified by their owners as campers. Some of these “house” cars were built simply with canvas tops and screen sides; others were more elaborate with kitchen sinks and bunk beds. These were the very first recreational vehicles in America. Articles appeared in magazines such as Popular Mechanics that gave step-by-step instructions on how to convert Model Ts to campers.
The Tin Canners thrived on living off the land, so only the bare essentials were brought along on road trips. Food was often caught and prepared – fishing was a favorite pastime – rather than purchased. They endured wet, cold, smoke, mosquitoes, and sleepless nights just to commune with nature. Tin Can Tourists were notorious throughout Florida for being thrifty. It was not uncommon for them to fill their cars with enough canned food to last the duration of their trip. A popular saying of the time about Tin Canners is that they
18 would “arrive in a clean shirt with a quarter in their pocket and never change either one.”
As the automobile continued to grow in popularity, the Tin Can Tourists became important to the economies of rural communities across Florida. Private landowners built tourists camps and small cabins along roads and highways for travelers. In nearby Flagler County, the Live and Let Live Camp was a popular Tin Canner stop along the brick-laid Dixie Highway in the 1920s. Campsites were provided at minimal cost or, in some cases, for free. The camps made their money in their roadside stores that offered all the necessities – petroleum, fishing poles, marshmallows, bug repellant, matches, and an assortment of homemade foods and crafts.
The Historic Settlement of Durbin
The historic town of Durbin was once located near the intersection of U.S. 1 and C.R. 210 less than a mile southeast of the Bell Storage parcel. Historically, the town was known as Durbin Swamp, Dearborn, and Derbin Creek, but is identified as Durbin on early maps of the area including the 1917 Soils Map of St. Johns County. The catalyst for the growth of the area in the late 19th century was the Florida East Coast Railroad. The FEC Railway was known as the Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Halifax River Railway Company when railroad tracks were put through Durbin in the 1880s.
The main industry of Durbin early on was naval stores or the turpentine industry, a lucrative business in St. Johns County in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Several turpentine companies operated in the extensive pine forests surrounding Durbin, providing jobs for many. Postal service in Durbin was established on September 5, 1903 (Polk 1906). By 1907, more than 150 people were living in Durbin; the population increased to 258 in 1911 (McRae 1915). Following the collapse of the naval stores industry, postal service to Durbin was discontinued in 1924.
In 1925, the Durbin Heights Improvement Company was established in an attempt to revive the town and take advantage of its location along the newly-constructed Dixie Highway. While plat maps for the development were filed in 1926, nothing ever came of Durbin Heights; the company dissolved in the 1930s. By this time, only a few families were left in Durbin; most of the remaining businesses were closed by 1940 (Polk 1906).
19 Environmental Setting
The Bell Storage parcel is comprised mainly of remnant pine flatwoods which have been replanted and extensively disturbed by prior silviculture activity, land clearing and residential development (see Figure 2 and photographic plates). In general, the parcel is characterized by poorly drained lands and relatively low elevations which are seasonally and often inundated. Soils types include St. Johns and Pomello sands.
The 1.17-acre parcel is a residential compound which includes a main house, storage sheds, a pole barn and an above ground septic tank and drain field. Field observations and subsurface testing suggest that the entire parcel has been timbered, clear-cut, leveled and developed with substantial impact to the site. It is likely that no original ground surfaces remain intact as soils have been excavated, grated, displaced and altogether removed (see photographic plates).
Drainage on the subject parcel generally flows to the north towards the Durbin Creek basin. The property, a low-lying tract of land, is managed by a deeply excavated drainage ditch that defines the north and west boundaries of the property (see photographic plates).
20 Previous Archaeological Investigations
A TRS search conducted July 6, 2020 through the Florida Master Site File offices, Division of Historical Resources, Tallahassee, determined that prior cultural resource assessment surveys were conducted in the immediate area of the subject parcel (see attached FMSF documents).
Most notably, in 2006 New South Associates conducted a cultural resource assessment survey of the five-acre parcel at 11325 Old Dixie Highway, currently the St. Johns Boat & RV Storage yard located immediately north of the Bell Storage parcel (11305 Old Dixie Highway). No archaeological or historical sites were found during the investigation, but an unpaved section of the Old Dixie Highway/Old Kings Road (8SJ02809 & 8SJ04843/8SJ03476))) which fell outside of the project area was evaluated at the request of the Florida Division of Historical resources to determine if the original brick bed was intact. It was discovered during the study that the bricks had been removed from the road and reused during the construction of U.S. 1 to the west and that the original road segment in the area had been destroyed (Smith 2006). The section of Old Dixie Highway that is located along the Bell Storage parcel offsite is paved and improved.
In 2000, Environmental Services, Inc., conducted an intensive cultural resource assessment survey of the Nocatee development tract located to the immediate east of subject parcel (Handley and Smith 2000). Multiple cultural resources were identified for the 13,055-acre tract, but none of these resources are recorded for the area adjacent to the subject parcel.
Southeastern Archaeological Research, Inc. (SEARCH) in 2006 conducted a cultural resource assessment survey of the 121-acre U.S. 1 and C.R. 210 interchange located to the south and west of the project area. One historic building (8SJ05268) located due west of the Bell Storage parcel was identified and recorded. It was determined by the State Historic Preservation Office that 8SJ05268 was not eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places based on the recommendation of SEARCH.
The general surrounding areas of the Bell Storage parcel were the subject of a general historic properties survey (Historic Properties Survey of St. Johns County; ESI 2001). No standing structures were identified for the parcel.
21 Research Design and Field Methodology
Prehistoric settlement in the Northeast Florida archaeological region, of which St. Johns County is part, occurs predominantly in two major areas – the estuarine regions of the east coast and the St. Johns River basin. Prehistoric sites, especially those of later cultural periods, are well known for these areas, including site complexes in the nearby Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve (GTM-NERR). While few prehistoric sites are known for interior regions such as those hinterlands occupied by and surrounding sections of the project area, more recent archaeological surveys have revealed the presence of sites that fall outside of the coastal and riverine settlement regions.
Interior areas of the Bell Storage project tract were identified and thoroughly examined for shell midden remains and for prehistoric mounded architecture, these incorporated into the research design as expected interior site types in light of the presence of similar sites in St. Johns, Duval, Nassau, Flagler, and Volusia Counties.
Evaluations of archaeological or historical site significance are based on the potential of a site to contribute to the knowledge of regional prehistory or history. Thus, consideration of these sites within the context of a larger, regional settlement system is essential. While archaeological sites are known for the coastal areas of St. Johns County, little is known about prehistoric and early historic settlement in the interior areas of the region with its freshwater creeks, marshes, ponds, swamps and other drainages. These concerns were incorporated into the research design, as well.
Because of early and continuous land use on the Bell Storage project area, original land surfaces have been extensively altered by residential development (home site clearing), drain field excavation, road construction, drainage ditch excavation and land clearing & leveling (see Figure 2). These cleared and disturbed areas afforded exceptional surface visibility of exposed subsurface soils and materials. During the field investigations, these exposed surfaces were intensively examined. In particular, a deep (‘3 – 4’) drainage ditch along the northwestern boundary of the subject parcel offered a linear swatch of the ground exposure showing soil profiles, etc. This ditch was carefully observed during the study.
A pedestrian survey of the 1.17-acre property showed extensive ground disturbance of remnant pine forests caused by a former succession of timbering, silviculture (planted pine agricultural activities), and land clearing (see Figure 2). Field testing of the coniferous plantation (planted pine) areas in xeric and mesic environments revealed extensive disturbance due to successive episodes of timbering, plowing, furrowing, and planting.
The cultural resource assessment survey of the Bell Storage parcel included surface investigations and subsurface testing at 25 to 50-meter intervals in remnant upland areas, at 50 to 100-meter intervals in disturbed areas and judgmentally across the property (see Figure 3). Testing was conducted along the western edge of Old Dixie Highway
22 (8SJ02809/8SJ04843) to determine if there was evidence of original construction episodes of the historic roadway which had been modified and paved over. No evidence of earlier construction was found, only contemporary road fill. .50-meter square test units were excavated to one meter in depth where possible.
All materials were sifted through ¼ inch screens. No cultural materials were collected during the survey, but had they been, they would have been processed, analyzed and stored at the Heritage Cultural Services facilities in Ponte Vedra. All field notes, photographs and other project records are curated and stored at the HCS offices, as well. A member of the property owner family, Mr. Bell, was briefly interviewed. He was unaware of any early historic structures or foundations on the property and had no knowledge of prehistoric sites on or around his property.
During archaeological investigations, if sites were found and determined to contain unmarked human burials and human skeletal remains, by procedure these would be brought to the attention of a District Medical Examiner, if it was determined that the burial(s) represent an individual (or individuals) who had been dead less than 75 years, or to the attention of the State Archaeologist in the case that the remains were determined to be older than 75 years. Archaeological and development activities would cease immediately until proper authorities, the District Medical Examiner or the State Archaeologist, made a determination and authorized the continuance of work through their respective jurisdiction as defined by Florida Statutes. Procedures outlined in Chapter 872.05, Florida Statutes, would be followed regarding site preservation and protection, or mitigation, and reporting, this through the authority of the Medical Examiner and/or the State Archaeologist. Other unexpected archaeological finds occurring during subsequent development will follow similar procedures.
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A AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community T I R E H \ p o CARTER ENVIRONMENTAL t k Archaeological Shovel Test Pit Location Map s e SERVICES, INC. D \ t n 42 Masters Drive o p s St. Augustine, FL 32084
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e 904-540-1786 s U \ : www.carterenv.com Project: 5.20177 Date: Jul 17 2020 Figure: 3 C CES St. Johns County, FL Survey Results and Management Recommendations
Archaeological and historical investigations across the 1.17-acre Bell RV & Boat Storage parcel in northeastern St. Johns County, Florida, resulted in the location of no new archaeological or historical sites. Because no significant cultural resources were found on the subject property, it is the opinion of Heritage Cultural Services LLC that no historic or archaeological sites eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places will be impacted by development related to the proposed construction of the Bell RV & Boat Storage facility. No further archaeological work is recommended.
25 Photographic Plates
1 - Bell Storage CRAS, Old Dixie Highway, eastern boundary of parcel, showing subject project area on left.
2 - Bell Storage CRAS, older and undeveloped section of the Old Dixie Highway farther north of project area, off site.
26
3 - Bell Storage CRAS, general view of 11305 Old Dixie Highway
4 - Bell Storage CRAS, view of northern section of 11305 Old Dixie Highway showing extensive clearing and leveling of property.
27
5 - Bell Storage CRAS, septic tank disturbance
6 - Bell Storage CRAS, contemporary drainage ditch which forms the western boundary of the triangular parcel, showing deep and extensive exposures which were surface inspected
28
7 - Bell Storage CRAS, surrounding planted pine forest and related disturbance
29 Source Bibliography & References Cited
Adams, William R.; Schafer, Daniel; Steinbach, Robert; Weaver, Paul L. 1997 The King's Road: Florida's First Highway, report prepared for City of New Smyrna Beach City Commission and Volusia County Council by Historic Property Associates, Inc., St. Augustine, FL
Bockelman, Charles W. 1975 The King's Road to Florida: The Stagecoach Route, privately printed, New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Bond, Stanley C. Jr. 1987 The Development of the Naval Stores Industry in St. Johns County; The Florida Anthropologist Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 187 – 202
Chambless, Elizabeth 2006 Cultural Resource Assessment Survey of the Proposed Interchange Connection Between S.R. 5 (U.S. 1) and C.R. 210, St. Johns County, Florida. Southeastern Archaeological Research, Inc. Manuscript
Coomes, Charles S. 1975 The Old Kings Road of British East Florida, El Escribano, Vol. 12, No. 2, journal of the St. Augustine Historical Society, St. Augustine, Florida
Douglass, Andrew E. 1885 Some Characteristics of the Indian Earth and Shell Mounds on the Atlantic Coast of Florida. American Antiquarian 7: 74 – 82, 140 – 148.
Dunbar, James S. 2012 The Search for Paleoindian Contexts in Florida and the Adjacent Southeast. Florida State University Dissertation, FSU Libraries, Tallahassee
Goggin, John M. 1952 Space and Time Perspectives in Northern St. Johns Archaeology, Florida. Yale University Publications in Anthropology 47, New Haven, Connecticut
Handley, Brent M. and Greg C. Smith 2000 An Intensive Cultural Resource Assessment Survey of the Nocatee Tract, Duval and St. Johns, Florida. Environmental Services, Inc. Report of Investigation.
Halligan, Jessi 2012 Geoarchaeological Investigations into Paleoindian Adaptations on the Aucilla River, Northwest Florida. Florida State University, Department of Anthropology.
30 Johnston, Sidney 2001 Historic Properties Survey St. Johns County, Florida. Environmental Services Inc. Manuscript on file at the Division of Historical Resources, Tallahassee, Florida.
Milanich, Jerald T. 1994 Archaeology of Precolumbian Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
Milanich, Jerald T. and Charles H. Fairbanks 1980 Florida Archaeology. Academic Press, New York, New York.
Miller, James J. 1991 Effects of Environmental Changes on Late Archaic People of Northeast Florida.
Moore, Dorothy L. and Dana Ste.Claire 1999 Dreams and Promises Unfulfilled: Andrew Turnbull and the New Smyrna Colony. Florida Anthropologist, Vol. 52, No. 1-2.
Newman, Christine and Brent Weisman 1992 Prehistoric Settlement in the Guana Tract, St. Johns County, Florida. Florida Anthropologist, Vol. 45, No. 2.
Newman, Christine, Memory, Melissa and Wheeler, Ryan J. 1998 Catfaces, Skidders and Cypress Shingles: Former Forest Resource Towns on C.A.R.L. Lands; unpublished paper presented at the Florida Anthropology Society Meeting, Gainesville, Florida.
Rasico, Philip D. 1988 The Minorcans of Florida: Their History, Language and Culture, published by Luthers, New Smyrna Beach, FL
Russo, Michael and Dana Ste. Claire 1991 Tomoka Stone: Archaic Period Coastal Settlement in East Florida. The Florida Anthropologist 45(4).
Schafer, Daniel L. 2001 St. Augustine's British Years, 1763-1784, El Escribano, Vol. 38, journal of The St. Augustine Historical Society, St. Augustine, Florida
Siebert, Wilbur Henry 1929 Loyalists in East Florida, Vol. II, Florida State Historical Society, DeLand.
Smith, Greg C. 2006 Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey of 11325 Old Dixie Highway, St. Johns County, and Report Addendum. New South Associates Report of Investigations. 31
Ste. Claire, Dana 1990 The Archaic in East Florida: Archaeological Evidence for Early Coastal Adaptations. The Florida Anthropologist 43(3).
Weaver, Paul 2009 The King’s and Pablo Roads, Florida’s First Highways: A Narrative History of Their Construction and Routes in St. Johns County; Manuscript on file St. Johns County, Growth Management Services.
Webb, David S. (editor) 2012 First Floridians and Last Mastodons: The Page-Ladson Site on the Aucilla River; Geobiology Volume 26, Springer.
Worth, John E. 1998 The Timucuan Chiefdoms of Spanish Florida, Volume 1: Assimilation. Ripley P. Bullen Series, University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
1998 The Timucuan Chiefdoms of Spanish Florida, Volume 2: Resistance and Destruction. Ripley P. Bullen Series, University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
32
Attachment A:
Survey Log Sheet Florida Division of Historical Resources
33 Page 1
Ent D (FMSF only) ______Survey Log Sheet Survey # (FMSF only) ______Florida Master Site File Version 5.0 3/19
Consult Guide to the Survey Log Sheet for detailed instructions.
Manuscript Information
Survey Project (name and project phase)
Report Title (exactly as on title page)
Report Authors (as on title page) 1.______3. ______2.______4. ______Publication Year ______Number of Pages in Report (do not include site forms) ______Publication Information (Give series, number in series, publisher and city. For article or chapter, cite page numbers. Use the style of American Antiquity.)
Supervisors of Fieldwork (even if same as author) Names ______Affiliation of Fieldworkers: Organization ______City ______Key Words/Phrases (Don’t use county name, or common words like archaeology, structure, survey, architecture, etc.) 1. ______3.______5. ______7.______2. ______4.______6. ______8.______Survey Sponsors (corporation, government unit, organization, or person funding fieldwork) Name. ______Organization. ______Address/Phone/E-mail. ______Recorder of Log Sheet ______Date Log Sheet Completed ______
Is this survey or project a continuation of a previous project? q No q Yes: Previous survey #s (FMSF only) ______
Project Area Mapping
Counties (select every county in which field survey was done; attach additional sheet if necessary) 1. ______3. ______5. ______2. ______4. ______6. ______
USGS 1:24,000 Map Names/Year of Latest Revision (attach additional sheet if necessary) 1. Name ______Year_____ 4. Name ______Year_____ 2. Name ______Year_____ 5. Name ______Year_____ 3. Name ______Year_____ 6. Name ______Year_____
Field Dates and Project Area Description
Fieldwork Dates: Start ______End ______Total Area Surveyed (fill in one) ______hectares ______acres Number of Distinct Tracts or Areas Surveyed ______If Corridor (fill in one for each) Width: ______meters ______feet Length: ______kilometers ______miles
HR6E066R0319, effective 05/2016 Florida Master Site File / Div. of Historical Resources / R.A. Gray Bldg / 500 S Bronough St., Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0250 Rule 1A-46.001, F.A.C. Phone 850.245.6440, Fax 850.245.6439, Email: [email protected] Page 2 Survey Log Sheet Survey #______Research and Field Methods Types of Survey (select all that apply): archaeological architectural historical/archival underwater damage assessment monitoring report other(describe):. ______Scope/Intensity/Procedures
Preliminary Methods (select as many as apply to the project as a whole) q Florida Archives (Gray Building) q library research- local public q local property or tax records q other historic maps LIDAR q Florida Photo Archives (Gray Building) q library-special collection q newspaper files q soils maps or data other remote sensing q Site File property search q Public Lands Survey (maps at DEP) q literature search q windshield survey q Site File survey search q local informant(s) q Sanborn Insurance maps q aerial photography q other (describe):. ______
Archaeological Methods (select as many as apply to the project as a whole) q Check here if NO archaeological methods were used. q surface collection, controlled q shovel test-other screen size q block excavation (at least 2x2 m) metal detector q surface collection, uncontrolled q water screen q soil resistivity other remote sensing q shovel test-1/4”screen q posthole tests q magnetometer pedestrian survey q shovel test-1/8” screen q auger tests q side scan sonar unknown q shovel test 1/16”screen q coring q ground penetrating radar (GPR) q shovel test-unscreened q test excavation (at least 1x2 m) q LIDAR q other (describe):. ______
Historical/Architectural Methods (select as many as apply to the project as a whole) q Check here if NO historical/architectural methods were used. q building permits q demolition permits q neighbor interview q subdivision maps q commercial permits q windshield survey q occupant interview q tax records q interior documentation q local property records q occupation permits q unknown q other (describe):. ______Survey Results Resource Significance Evaluated? q Yes q No Count of Previously Recorded Resources______Count of Newly Recorded Resources______List Previously Recorded Site ID#s with Site File Forms Completed (attach additional pages if necessary)
List Newly Recorded Site ID#s (attach additional pages if necessary)
Site Forms Used: q Site File Paper Forms q Site File PDF Forms REQUIRED: Attach Map of Survey or Project Area Boundary
SHPO USE ONLY SHPO USE ONLY SHPO USE ONLY Origin of Report: 872 Public Lands UW 1A32 # Academic Contract Avocational Grant Project # Compliance Review: CRAT # Type of Document: Archaeological Survey Historical/Architectural Survey Marine Survey Cell Tower CRAS Monitoring Report Overview Excavation Report Multi-Site Excavation Report Structure Detailed Report Library, Hist. or Archival Doc Desktop Analysis MPS MRA TG Other: Document Destination: ______Plotability: ______
HR6E066R0718, effective 05/2016 Florida Master Site File / Div. of Historical Resources / R.A. Gray Bldg / 500 S Bronough St., Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0250 Rule 1A-46.001, F.A.C. Phone 850.245.6440, Fax 850.245.6439, Email: [email protected]
Attachment B:
Correspondence Florida Division of Historical Resources
36
This record search is for informational purposes only and does NOT constitute a
project review. This search only identifies resources recorded at the Florida Master Site File and does NOT provide project approval from the Division of Historical Resources. Contact the Compliance and Review Section of the Division of Historical Resources at 850-245-6333 for project review information.
July 6, 2020
Dana Ste.Claire, M.A., RPA Heritage Cultural Services, LLC 820 Turtle Lake Court Ponte Vedra, Florida 32082 [email protected]
In response to your inquiry of July 6, 2020, the Florida Master Site File has no cultural resources recorded at the designated parcel located at 11305 Old Dixie Highway in Nocatee, Ponte Vedra, St. Johns County; Sections 2 & 3, Township 5 South, Range 28 East.
When interpreting the results of our search, please consider the following information: x This search area may contain unrecorded archaeological sites, historical structures or other resources even if previously surveyed for cultural resources. x Because vandalism and looting are common at Florida sites, we ask that you limit the distribution of location information on archaeological sites. x While many of our records document historically significant resources, the documentation of a resource at the Florida Master Site File does not necessarily mean the resource is historically significant. x Federal, state and local laws require formal environmental review for most projects. This search DOES NOT constitute such a review. If your project falls under these laws, you should contact the Compliance and Review Section of the Division of Historical Resources at 850-245-6333.
Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions regarding the results of this search.
Sincerely,
Eman M. Vovsi, Ph.D. Florida Master Site File [email protected]
500 South Bronough Street • Tallahassee, FL 32399-0250 • www.flheritage.com/preservation/sitefile 850.245.6440 ph | 850.245.6439 fax | [email protected]
4/2020
15750
25097
12993
25262
6760
SJ05268 6612
14490 SJ05271
SJ05036 SJ02809 SJ03476
10578
Esri, HERE, DeLorme, MapmyIndia, © OpenStreetMap contributors, Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar ¯ Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community Legend Buffer_of_Default_Annotation_Target_41 FloridaSites 1:4,032 HistoricalBridges )" FloridaStructures 125 62.5 0 125 Meters HistoricalCemeteries ResourceGroups Florida Master Site File Created: 7/7/2020 AR=0 SS=0 CM=0 Cultural Resource Roster RG=4 BR=0 Total=4 SiteID Type Site Name Address Additional Info SHPO Eval NR Status SJ02809 RG OLD DIXIE HIGHWAY Durbin Linear Resource Eligible SJ03476 RG OLD KING'S ROAD Jacksonville Linear Resource - 1 Contrib Resources Eligible SJ05036 RG FEC: St. Augustine and Palatka Elkton Linear Resource - 1 Contrib Resources Eligible SJ05271 RG US 1 St. Augustine Linear Resource - 1 Contrib Resources Insufficient Info
Page 1 of 1 Florida Master Site File Created: 7/7/2020
Manuscript Roster Total=7 MS# Title Publication Information Year 25097 A Cultural Resource Assessment Survey of the Old Dixie Highway Cell Tower Tract, Environmental Services, Inc., prepared for NexTower 2018 11365 Old Dixie Highway, Ponte Vedra, St. Johns County, Florida 25262 Proposed 245-ft AGL (255-ft with appurtenances) Self-Supporting Tower Engineering Professionals, Inc., prepared for American Towers LLC 2018 Telecommunications Tower American Towers LLC Site Name: Strelo Durbin FL American Towers LLC Site Number: 204796 FCC TCNS #172858, 11325 Old Dixie Hwy, Ponte Vedra Beach, St. Johns County FL 15750 An Intensive Cultural Resource Assessment Survey of the Nocatee/US-1 Annex Parcel, ESI Report of Investigations No. 1177. Environmental Services, Inc., Jacksonville. Conducted 2007 St. Johns County, Florida for The PARC Group, Inc., Jacksonville 12993 Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey 11325 Old Dixie Highway, St. Johns County, New South Associates, St. Augustine. Submitted to MJ Development, Jacksonville 2006 Florida and Addendum 14490 Cultural Resources Assessment Survey of the Proposed Interchange Connection On file at DHR and SEARCH, Jonesville 2006 Between State Road 5 (US 1) and County Road 210, St. Johns County, Florida 6612 Historic Properties Survey, St. Johns County, Florida ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC., JACKSONVILLE. Submitted to BOARD OF COUNTY 2001 COMMISSIONERS, ST JOHNS COUNTY 6760 An Intensive Cultural Resource Assessment Survey of the Nocatee Tract, Duval and St. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. SUBMITTED TO PARC GROUP, INC. 2000 Johns Counties, Florida
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1HE ST. AUGUSTINE RECORD Affidavit of Publication NOTICE OF.PUBLIC HEARING TO CONSIDER JAMIE MACKEY P.O. BOX 600363 TRANSMITTAL OF A JACKSONVILLE, FL 32260 PROPOSED COMPREHENSIVE PLAN AMENDMENT TO THE
ACCT: 52210 FUTURE LAND USE MAP OF AD# 0003312802-01 THE ST. JOHNS COUNTY 2025 PO# COMPREHENSIVE PLAN NOTICI: IS llEREBY GIVEN that1he Planning and Zoning Agrncy oo lll consider and is.Jue a rcrommenda1ion on the tr.msmitllll of a proposed comprehensh·e plan amcndmen1 lO lhc SL Johns County Future Land Use 1ap of the 2025 CompreheMi\"c Plan and lhe Board of County Commissioners will consider whether or noc to transmit the same proposed comprehcosivc plan amend1nent IO the St Johns County Future Land Use Map of the 202S Comprdlensive Plan. v.-ith the fol~ing styled Ol'dinaoct:
AN ORDINANCE OF THE COlll\'TY OF ST. JOHNS, STATE m· FLORIDA, AMEND ING THE STATE OF FLORIDA 2025 COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN, OROINA CE NO. 2010.38, AS AME OED, TO CHANGE THE flJTIJ RE LAl\ D USE MAP DES IGNATION FROM RURAL/SILVICULT RE (R/S) TO MIXED COUNTY OF ST. JOHNS USE DISTRICT(M DJ FOR APPROX IMATELY l.16ACRt:SOf LANO LOCATED AT 11 30!01.D OIX IE HIGHWAY: PROV IDING FOR t•INO INGS OF FACT: f lNOll\CS Of CONSISTENCY: Before the undersigned au~rity personally appeared MELISSA S£VERA81 1.1 T\': AN O AN EH'ECTIVE DATE. RHINEHART who on oath says' he/she is an Employee of the St Augustine Saic.I hearings Yo-ill be held in the County Audi1orium. Coun1y Administrauon Building. 500 San Sebastian Record, a daily newspaper published at St. Augustine in St. Johns County, View. St. Augustmt. Florida. All mtcresro..I panics may .. ppear at the public hearings to be heard regarding any or all of the tyoposed amendment Board of County Commi$5JOOer items not heard by 6 pm shall Florida; that the attached copy of advertisement being a SA LEGAL autoinntially be continued until 9 am the following day, unless olhcrv.isc direct«! by 1he Bo-Jrd.
~D ~!SPLAY in the matter of CPA( SS) 2020.000004 was published The liubjcct property includes 1.16 acres and is localed on I 1305 Oki Oi.xie Hi_ghway. \\ithin St. Johns County. Florida . See 11tachc:J map generally depicting 1hc loealion (Exhibit A) A c0Mp/~1 ~dn Affiant further says that the St. Augustine Record is a newspaper published at St. Augustine, in St. Johns County, Florida, and that the said newspaper heretofore has been continuously published in said St. Johns County, Florida each day and has been entered as second class mail matter at the post office in the City of St. Augustine, in said St. Johns County, Florida for a period ofone year preceding the first pub! icatioa of the attached copy of advertisement; and affiant further says the he/she has neither paid nor promised any person, firm or corporation any discount, rebate, commission, or refund for the purpose of securing this advertisement for publication in said newspaper. The proposcJ ch1ni;.-e is known a11 Fite J\l.lllber CPA(SS)-20200000<.W. aoc.1 is l''aib.ble fot ~-icw m the Planning and Zoning Division l)flhe Growth Managnnrnt IA..j>Jrtmcnl at tht Permit Ccn1er, 4040 Lewis S()CC(hwy. SL Augustine. flonda and may bt examined by inten.-stcd partil."S prior to said public heanngs. Interested panics may a~ at thf public htarings 10 be hnrd regarding 1he J'.l'OPOSCd amendment In accordance with E." PL .~NNI 0 AND ZONING AOENCY BOARD OF COUNl'Y COMMISSIONERS ST. JOMNS COUNTY, FLORIDA ST. JOHNS COUNT\', FLORIDA MIKE KOPPENHAFER. CHAIR JEB S. SMITH. CHAIR FILENA IE: CPAtSSr20200000<>I PROJECT NAME: Bell Ccw""d Storage 0003312802 Oc1ober 9,2020