Download Download
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
View Profile
Republic of Cyprus Topography: The Troodos Mountains, in the area; comprising 2.2 per cent of the total In 1974 Turkish troops invaded and central and western part of the island, rise to network. Cyprus has no railway. occupied the northern 36 per cent of the 1,951 metres at Mount Olympus. The Republic of Cyprus. This area was later Major ports are at Larnaca and Limassol. Troodos, of infertile igneous rock, are declared independent. The secession has characterised by steep slopes, narrow valleys Nicosia airport was closed in 1974. There are not been recognised internationally, and precipices. The Kyrenia Mountains (also international airports 5 km south of Larnaca, except by Turkey. The UN and known as the Pentadaktylos range), along the and 15 km east of Paphos. Commonwealth have for many years north coast, rise to 1,024 metres and are protested about the occupation and tried mainly limestone. Passes and valleys allow to resolve the problem by negotiation. Society access to the north coast. The fertile KEY FACTS 2013 Due to this division of the Republic of Messaoria Plain lies between them. About Cyprus, aggregated information is not half of its 186,000 hectares is irrigated. Most Population per sq km: 123 always available. Economic and social data water sources are in the south – all major Life expectancy: 80 years given here generally cover the government- rivers originate in the Troodos and flow east, Net primary enrolment: 98% controlled areas only, although legally and south or west. Many rivers dry up in the constitutionally the Republic of Cyprus summer. -
ESS9 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed
APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS9 - 2018 ed. 3.0 Austria 2 Belgium 4 Bulgaria 7 Croatia 8 Cyprus 10 Czechia 12 Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Italy 26 Latvia 28 Lithuania 31 Montenegro 34 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 44 Serbia 47 Slovakia 52 Slovenia 53 Spain 54 Sweden 57 Switzerland 58 United Kingdom 61 Version Notes, ESS9 Appendix A3 POLITICAL PARTIES ESS9 edition 3.0 (published 10.12.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Denmark, Iceland. ESS9 edition 2.0 (published 15.06.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Austria 1. Political parties Language used in data file: German Year of last election: 2017 Official party names, English 1. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) - Social Democratic Party of Austria - 26.9 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) - Austrian People's Party - 31.5 % election: 3. Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) - Freedom Party of Austria - 26.0 % 4. Liste Peter Pilz (PILZ) - PILZ - 4.4 % 5. Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) - The Greens – The Green Alternative - 3.8 % 6. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) - Communist Party of Austria - 0.8 % 7. NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum (NEOS) - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum - 5.3 % 8. G!LT - Verein zur Förderung der Offenen Demokratie (GILT) - My Vote Counts! - 1.0 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is a social above democratic/center-left political party that was founded in 1888 as the Social Democratic Worker's Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, or SDAP), when Victor Adler managed to unite the various opposing factions. -
Presidential Elections 1959-2013
Presidential Elections 1959-2013 1959 Elections The first Presidential Elections in Cyprus took place before independence on 13 December 1959. Archbishop Makarios was elected President of the Republic defeating his opponent Ioannis Clerides by a margin of two to one. The next elections were due in 1965 but were postponed as a result of the extraordinary situation created by the intercommunal strife. The term of office was extended by a law of the House of Representatives. 1968 Elections At the elections on 25 February 1968, Archbishop Makarios was elected with 96% of the votes. In 1973 President Makarios was re-elected unopposed. After his death in 1977, the then President of the House of Representatives, Spyros Kyprianou, assumed duties temporarily. On 31 August 1977, Spyros Kyprianou was declared elected unopposed, for the remainder of the presidential term. In February 1978 he was again declared elected unopposed for a new five-year term. 1983 Elections On 13 February 1983, President Kyprianou, supported by his center Democratic Party and left-wing AKEL, was re-elected to office. He was opposed by Glafcos Clerides, the leader of the right-wing Democratic Rally Party and Vassos Lyssarides of the Socialist party, EDEK. 1988 Elections In February 1988, George Vassiliou was elected to the post of President of the Republic. In the first round on 14 February 1988, none of the four candidates received the required 50% plus one vote, but in the runoff, on 21 February 1988, Vassiliou managed to secure the 51.63% of the votes cast. 1993 Elections On 14 February 1993, Glafcos Clerides, the leader of the Democratic Rally, was elected to the post of President of the Republic, defeating George Vassiliou, who again ran as an independent candidate supported by AKEL and ADISOK. -
Communism and Nationalism in Postwar Cyprus, 1945-1955
Communism and Nationalism in Postwar Cyprus, 1945-1955 Politics and Ideologies Under British Rule Alexios Alecou Communism and Nationalism in Postwar Cyprus, 1945-1955 Alexios Alecou Communism and Nationalism in Postwar Cyprus, 1945-1955 Politics and Ideologies Under British Rule Alexios Alecou University of London London , UK ISBN 978-3-319-29208-3 ISBN 978-3-319-29209-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-29209-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016943796 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the pub- lisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. -
Trends in Practical Heritage Learning
www.nckultur.org TRENDS IN PRACTICAL HERITAGE LEARNING Study in Europe in 2012 Jakoba Šraml González Contents www.nckultur.org Introduction 3 Heritage as resource 4 Heritage learning framework 5 The study 6 The analysis 7 A publication of: Results 8 The Nordic Centre of Heritage Learning & Creativity Museums 10 Box 709 SE- 831 28 Östersund Art galleries 11 Telephone: +46 (0)10 476 89 00 E-mail: [email protected] Open air museums 12 www.nckultur.org Archives 13 NCK, Östersund January 2013 Cultural heritage sites 14 Photo: Janus Madsen Study conclusions and implications 15 Layout: Jesús González Torres References 16 ISBN: 91-87276-46-1 List of institutions with keys 17 The perception of heritage has changed in the source for field-specific policy-makers and stakeholders last decades. The phenomenon in all its forms – cultural, to gain an insight in the heritage sector with heritage natural, tangible and intangible – is understood as a re- institutions as centres that foster individual, community source for multiple uses. Heritage institutions reflect and societal development. And finally, it should serve the newly acquired values of heritage that overstep as a starting point for further research in the area of their traditional role as preservers. The probably most heritage learning and its implications on a local, regional, obvious function they have enriched with is the edu- national, European and also global level. cational one. Additionally, cultural heritage institutions have acquired also a social development function. These two functions are not the only ones cultural heritage institutions are exhibiting in the society, but have been in recent years increasingly highlighted. -
Raport O Archiwach W Unii Europejskiej Po Rozszerzeniu
RAPORT O ARCHIWACH W UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ PO ROZSZERZENIU POGŁ ĘBIONA WSPÓŁPRACA ARCHIWALNA W EUROPIE — PLAN DZIAŁANIA WARSZAWA 2011 1 2 RAPORT O ARCHIWACH W UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ PO ROZSZERZENIU POGŁ ĘBIONA WSPÓŁPRACA ARCHIWALNA W EUROPIE — PLAN DZIAŁANIA Opracowany przez Grup ę Ekspertów Krajowych ds. Archiwów Pa ństw Członkowskich Unii Europejskiej oraz Instytucji i Organów UE na zamówienie Rady Unii Europejskiej WARSZAWA 2011 3 Tytuł oryginału opublikowanego przez Komisj ę Europejsk ą w roku 2005: Report on archives in the enlarged European Union. Increased archival cooperation in Europe: action plan. Tłumaczenie: Joanna Szyma ńska Redakcja naukowa, przygotowanie do wydania polskiej wersji Raportu o archiwach w Unii Europejskiej po rozszerzeniu : Andrzej Biernat Władysław St ępniak Violetta Urbaniak Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Pa ństwowych, ul. Rakowiecka 2D, 02–517 Warszawa e-mail: [email protected]; http://www.archiwa.gov.pl 4 Spis tre ści Wprowadzenie do wydania polskiego Wst ęp Zalecenia wykonawcze: Raport o archiwach w Unii Europejskiej po rozszerzeniu __________________________________________________________________________ Cz ęść 1. Organizacja sektora archiwalnego w Europie 1a. Archiwa i instytucje europejskie 1b. Państwowe służby archiwalne w 25 pa ństwach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej 1c. Słu żby archiwalne jako cz ęść administracji publicznej: wzajemne relacje i współpraca 1d. Archiwa prywatne __________________________________________________________________________ Cz ęść 2. Dost ęp do archiwów — aspekt instytucjonalny, techniczny i zawodowy 2a. Prawodawstwo unijne i krajowe zwi ązane z zarz ądzaniem i dost ępem do dokumentów i archiwów 2b. Pomoce archiwalne i opis dokumentów archiwalnych 2c. Dost ęp do dokumentów i archiwów on-line a nowe narz ędzia badawcze 2d. Portal internetowy do dokumentów i archiwów w Europie oraz europejskie projekty internetowe (Internet Gateway ) 2e. -
Colonial Continuities from Kenya and Malaya to the Cyprus Emergency
(De)-Colonial Continuities From Kenya and Malaya to the Cyprus Emergency Maria Pinelopi Chatzicharalampous ResMA Thesis ResMA Program: Colonial and Global History M.P. Chatzicharalampous, s2115131 [email protected] Supervisor: Dr. C.M. Stolte Second Reader: Dr. W.M. Schmidli Universiteit Leiden, June 2020 To my Moter In memory, And, To my Fater for always Being tere for me, Table of Contents List of Abbreviations p.2 Acknowledgements p.3 Introduction p.4 Chapter 1 Under a State of Emergency: Exception or Norm? p.7 Chapter 2 Creating a depository of knowledge. The Malayan and Kenya Emergencies p.19 Chapter 3 (De)-Colonial Cyprus p.35 Chapter 4 “If we are going to sin we must sin quietly.” State of emergency and Human Rights p.53 Conclusions p.65 Bibliography p.67 Appendix I: The Proclamation of the Cyprus State of emergency p.74 1 List of Abbreviations AKEL Anorthotiko Komma Ergazomenou Laou (Progressive Party for the Working people) CIGS Chief of the Imperial General Staff CO Colonial Office DORA Defence of the Realm Act ECHR European Convention on Human Rights EOKA Ethniki Organosis Kiprion Agoniston (National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) FCO Foreign and Commonwealth Office GOC General Officer Commanding ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross MCF Movement for Colonial Freedom MCP Malayan Communist Party MP Member of Parliament OXEN Orthodoxi Christianiki Enosi Neon (Orthodox Christian Union of Youth) PEON Pancyprios Ethniki Organosis Neon(Pancyprian National Youth Organisation) UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights UN United Nations WO War Office 2 Acknowledgements My wholehearted gratitude goes to Carolien Stolte. -
BRITISH COUNTERINSURGENCY in CYPRUS, ADEN, and NORTHERN IRELAND Brian Drohan a Dissertation Submitted to the Facu
RIGHTS AT WAR: BRITISH COUNTERINSURGENCY IN CYPRUS, ADEN, AND NORTHERN IRELAND Brian Drohan A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School. Chapel Hill 2016 Approved by: Susan D. Pennybacker Wayne E. Lee Klaus Larres Cemil Aydin Michael C. Morgan © 2016 Brian Drohan ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Brian Drohan: Rights at War: British Counterinsurgency in Cyprus, Aden, and Northern Ireland (Under the direction of Susan D. Pennybacker) This study analyzes the role of human rights activism during three post-1945 British counterinsurgency campaigns in Cyprus (1955-1959), Aden (1963-1967), and the Northern Ireland “Troubles” (emphasizing 1969-1976). Based on material gathered from 15 archives in four countries as well as oral history records and personal papers, this study demonstrates that human rights activism shaped British operational decisions during each of these conflicts. Activists mobilized ideas of human rights to restrain counterinsurgency violence by defining certain British actions as illegal or morally unjustifiable. Although British forces often prevented activists from restraining state violence, activists forced government officials and military commanders to develop new ways of covering up human rights abuses. Focusing the analytical lens on activists and the officials with whom they interacted places rights activists on the counterinsurgency “battlefield” -
1 Crusader Heritages and Imperial Preservation1 Astrid Swenson I. Re
Post-Print of Astrid Swenson, Crusader Heritages and Imperial Preservation, Past and Present, Supplement 10, 2015. Crusader Heritages and Imperial Preservation1 Astrid Swenson I. Re-entangling histories Visitors keen to see French heritage in a nutshell need not strive far from the Eiffel Tower. At the Museum of French Monuments, reopened in 2007 as part of the National City of Architecture and Heritage, one can experience the history of French architecture, sculpture and wall painting in three dimensions. A ‘point of reference for all audiences, permitting to understand the historic roots of the most contemporary aims in architectural creation and urban policies’, the museum’s own development is less visible.2 Founded in 1879 as a cast collection for the training of architects and the education of the public, the displays always consisted of models and copies. In contrast to originals, these copies could be ordered to demand, allowing the curators to create an ideal museum, easily adaptable to changing understandings of heritage. Its history is therefore a microcosm for observing broader transformations in the heritage canon. For a long time, this canon was not limited to the art of the Hexagon. The institution was in fact founded as the Museum of Comparative Sculpture, juxtaposing French Medieval to Ancient and foreign works of art. It was only in the 1930s that it was rebranded as the Museum of French Monuments. Yet despite the new title, the display was not confined to works originating in metropolitan France, but rather explicitly included material that demonstrated the spread of French influence beyond national borders. -
NEWSLETTER January 2013
NEWSLETTER January 2013 Contents Danish Presidency of the EU……………..2 Cyprus Presidency of the EU ……………6 DLM Forum meeting in Zagreb………….8 EURBICA activities………………………..12 APEX Project……………………………...13 UNESCO conference - Memory of the World in the Digital Age, Vancouver…………...15 ICARUS-ENARC…………………………...18 “Photo of the year”: The storage in the Danish National Archives, DLM Forum members meeting, 2012 (photo: the Danish National Archives) 1 Danish Presidency of the European Union European Archivists focus on digital challenges During the Danish EU presidency Archivists and conservation experts from across Europe met for four exciting conference days in the heart of Copenhagen. The Danish National Archives hosted the event which focused on common challenges and different strategies for e-government, digital preservation and accessibility of cultural heritage. On 29 May – 1 June 2012, the Danish National Archives gathered the European elite of archivists and conservation experts in Copenhagen for a number of international meetings and conferences: "European Board of National Archivists (EBNA) Conference”, "Document Lifecycle Management (DLM) Conference" and "European Branch of the International Council of Archives (EURBICA) Conference", etc. The Danish National Archives hosted these events, which took place at the two addresses of the National Archives in Copenhagen and at the Royal Library. The main theme was: "Common challenges and different strategies in the digital society". The participants of EBNA meeting in Copenhagen, on May 29, 2012 (photo: the Danish National Archives) Common challenges in Europe But why focus on e-government, digital preservation and archival heritage at a European level? The answer is simple: In Denmark and throughout Europe we face many of the same developments and challenges as our institutions get more and 2 more digitalized, and some archives even receive more digital records than traditional paper records. -
Composition, Recruitment and Career Patterns of the Political Elite in Cyprus (1988-2010)
Composition, Recruitment and Career Patterns of the Political Elite in Cyprus (1988-2010) YIANNOS KATSOURIDES Abstract The aim of the paper is to explore the composition, the recruitment mechanisms and the career patterns of those people who comprised the political elite in Cyprus over a period of 22 years, extending from 1988 to 2010. The analysis in the present paper provides a useful database on the social and political elite of Cyprus. The Cypriot political elite is small in number and its members have a particular profile and seem to follow certain paths with regard to their political recruitment and advancement. The most significant independent variable explaining membership in the political elite of Cyprus appears to be the political parties. Keywords: Cypriot political elite, Cyprus, political parties, recruitment, career patterns, cabinet, parliament Political Elites has been a controversial area of studies in political sociology. Primarily, the origins of elite theory lie in the writings of Gaetano Mosca (1939), Vilfredo Pareto (1935) and Robert Michels (1962). Whereas Mosca emphasised the elite’s material, intellectual or moral superiority, and the ways in which these small minorities outwit large majorities, Pareto suggested that in ideal circumstances the elite would consist of the most talented individuals. But, in actual societies, elites embrace those who are most proficient in employing the two modes of political rule, force and persuasion, and those who enjoy advantages, such as inherited wealth and family connections. In his study of the social democratic party of Germany, Michels, acknowledged that large organisations need a small number of leaders and experts in order to operate efficiently. -
Oee-1914-En.Pdf
GENERAL ELECTIONS IN CYPRUS 30TH MAY 2021 The Democratic Rally of President European Elections monitor of the Republic Nicos Anastasiades Corinne Deloy comes out ahead in the general elections in Cyprus in a vote marked by the discontent of the electorate RESULTS Seven political parties will be represented in the next with 6.78% and 4 seats (+2). "The National People's Antiprosopon Vouli (House of Representatives), the Front is the clear winner of the elections and this is a single chamber of Parliament, one less than in the problem for the people who believe in a federal solution previous assembly. to the problem of the division of Cyprus. This result The Democratic Rally (DISY), the right-wing party of will be used by the nationalist circles in the north of President Nicos Anastasiades, led by Averof Neophytou, the island," said Andromachi Sophocleou, a political came out ahead on 30 May with 27.77% of the vote analyst, adding, "Even though it is part of the system, and 17 seats, one less in comparison to the previous the National People's Front has managed to make it look elections on 22 May 2016. DISY, which obtained the like it is not and it has managed to take advantage of lowest result in its history, failed to obtain an absolute the existing discontent with the traditional parties.” majority, which will force the head of State to form a "There is a desire for change, many voters are minority government again. dissatisfied and tired of the political class and parliament, of corruption, but the protest vote is fragmented, the The Progressive Workers' Party (AKEL), led by Andros abstention rate high and no single personality is there Kyprianou, remains the largest opposition party with to embody the discontent," said Hubert Faustmann, 22.34% of the vote and 15 elected members (-1).