DOCSLIB.ORG

Communities and Forest Management in Northeast

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Communities and Forest Management in Northeast BACKGROUND PAPER NO. 12 JANUARY 2006 COMMUNITIES AND FOREST MANAGEMENT IN NORTHEAST INDIA BY MARK POFFENBERGER DIRECTOR, COMMUNITY FORESTRY INTERNATIONAL, U.S.A. WITH S. K. BARIK (NEHU), DHRUPAD CHOUDHURY (ICIMOD), VINCENT DARLONG (IFAD), VISHAL GUPTA (MOEF), S. PALIT (IFS RET.), IVAN ROY (IFS RET.), IBOBI SINGH (FD MANIPUR), B. K. TIWARI (NEHU), SANJAY UPADHYAY (ELDF) This paper was commissioned as an input to the study “Development and Growth in Northeast India: The Natural Resources, Water, and Environment Nexus” Table of contents Foreword .....................................................................................................................................................v Introduction ................................................................................................................................................1 1. Population and forest resources of northeast India.......................................................................4 1.1 Forest ecosystems of the Northeast ...........................................................................................4 1.2 Forest administration...................................................................................................................5 1.3 Forest condition ............................................................................................................................5 1.4 Forest cover change......................................................................................................................7 1.5 Government actions to conserve northeastern forests............................................................8 1.6 Community efforts to conserve forests .....................................................................................8 1.7 Population change........................................................................................................................9 1.8 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................11 2. Deforestation and degradation.......................................................................................................13 2.1 Role of indigenous institutions.................................................................................................13 2.2 Community resource management under pressure..............................................................14 2.3 Role of government....................................................................................................................15 2.4 Role of private sector.....................................................................................................................17 2.5 Role of traditional communities...............................................................................................17 2.6 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................18 3. Community forestry experiences from northeast India..............................................................20 3.1 The Nishi of East Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh.......................................................20 3.2 The Naga and Kuki of Senapati District, Manipur................................................................26 3.3 The Jamatia of Killa District, Tripura ......................................................................................36 4. Land and forest rights: Tenure under law and policy.................................................................44 4.1 Background to forest administration in northeast India ......................................................44 4.2 Brief history of legislation supporting community forestry ................................................45 4.3 Government efforts to regulate forestry (1980–2005)............................................................46 4.4 Legal and policy issues impacting community forestry in northeast India.......................46 4.5 The role of the courts .................................................................................................................48 4.6 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................49 5. Forest benefits and costs ..................................................................................................................50 5.1 Change and adaptation .............................................................................................................50 ii 5.2 Executive policies and national and international programs ..............................................55 5.3 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................58 6. Challenges, priorities, and recommendations for sustainable forest management ................60 6.1 Indigenous community institutions ........................................................................................60 6.2 Formal recognition of community forestry areas ..................................................................60 6.3 Strengthen community forest management rules .................................................................61 6.4 Develop community-based landscape-level management plans ........................................61 6.5 Policy, legal, and judicial change to enable community forest management....................61 6.6 Forest department priorities, attitudes, and operational practices .....................................62 6.7 Joint Forest Management schemes...........................................................................................62 6.8 Privatization of communal lands .............................................................................................63 Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................64 Tables Table 1. Major forest ecosystems of northeast India by elevation and species .................................4 Table 2. Administrative classification of forest cover in northeastern India.....................................5 Table 3. Actual forest cover in northeast India (km2) ...........................................................................7 Table 4. Change in forest area of northeast India (km2) .......................................................................7 Table 5. Population change in the Northeastern Region....................................................................10 Table 6. Per capita availability of forestland ........................................................................................10 Table 7. Per capita grain production in northeastern states, 1972 and 1991....................................11 Table 8. Proportion of all forestland under community control .......................................................13 Table 9. Land use pattern, Senapati case study site ............................................................................27 Table 10. Land use classification of Makhan village...........................................................................29 Table 11. Land use classification of Toirupha village .........................................................................40 Table 12. Forest area and shifting cultivation in northeast India......................................................52 Table 13. Land use trends in northeast India .......................................................................................52 Table 14. Major forest management contexts in NE India .................................................................55 Table 15. Comparison of community forest management and JFM systems ..................................56 Figures Figure 1. Pressure on community forest management systems in northeast India........................16 Figure 2. Strengthening community forest management systems in northeast India ...................19 Figure 3. Tribal communities of Arunachal Pradesh ..........................................................................21 iii Figure 4. Jhum plot planted with paddy, maize, tapioca, and millet...............................................23 Figure 5. Senapati District, Manipur .....................................................................................................28 Figure 6. Patterns of forestland allocation in Senapati District, Manipur........................................30 Figure 7. Community sketch map of Makhan village ........................................................................32 Figure 8. Tripura tribal autonomous district council areas and case study site .............................39 iv Foreword In northeast India, there is an urgent need for actions that promote the conservation and sustainable use of the region’s endangered forests and watersheds. This report proposes concrete actions that can enable communities to better protect and manage threatened ecosystems. The forests of the region are known around the world for their rich biodiversity and dramatic scenery. The region is inhabited by a diverse array of cultural communities, covering a staggering range of terrain. In all, over 240 distinct ethnolinguistic groups are distributed through the mountains, plateaus, upland valleys, and river plains, making the Northeast one
Load more

Recommended publications
  • EIA & EC for Kathalchari Field Development, Block
    EIA & EC for Kathalchari Field Development, Block (AA-ONN-2002/1), Tripura Final EIA Report Prepared for: Jubilant Oil and Gas Private Limited Prepared by: SENES Consultants India Pvt. Ltd. June, 2016 EIA for development activities of hydrocarbon, installation of GGS & pipeline laying at Kathalchari FINAL REPORT EIA & EC for Kathalchari Field Development, Block (AA-ONN-2002/1), Tripura M/s Jubilant Oil and Gas Private Limited For on and behalf of SENES Consultants India Ltd Approved by Mr. Mangesh Dakhore Position held NABET-QCI Accredited EIA Coordinator for Offshore & Onshore Oil and Gas Development and Production Date 28.12.2015 Approved by Mr. Sunil Gupta Position held NABET-QCI Accredited EIA Coordinator for Offshore & Onshore Oil and Gas Development and Production Date February 2016 The EIA report preparation have been undertaken in compliance with the ToR issued by MoEF vide letter no. J-11011/248/2013-IA II (I) dated 28th January, 2014. Information and content provided in the report is factually correct for the purpose and objective for such study undertaken. SENES/M-ESM-20241/June, 2016 i JOGPL EIA for development activities of hydrocarbon, installation of GGS & pipeline laying at Kathalchari INFORMATION ABOUT EIA CONSULTANTS Brief Company Profile This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report has been prepared by SENES Consultants India Pvt. Ltd. SENES India, registered with the Companies Act of 1956 (Ranked No. 1 in 1956), has been operating in the county for more than 11 years and holds expertise in conducting Environmental Impact Assessments, Social Impact Assessments, Environment Health and Safety Compliance Audits, Designing and Planning of Solid Waste Management Facilities and Carbon Advisory Services.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
    Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates.
    [Show full text]
  • West Tripura District, Tripura
    कᴂद्रीय भूमि जल बो셍ड जल संसाधन, नदी विकास और गंगा संरक्षण विभाग, जल शक्ति मंत्रालय भारत सरकार Central Ground Water Board Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti Government of India AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT OF GROUND WATER RESOURCES WEST TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA उत्तर पूिी क्षेत्र, गुिाहाटी North Eastern Region, Guwahati GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT & GANGA REJUVENATION CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD REPORT ON “AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN OF WEST TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA” (AAP 2017-18) By Shri Himangshu Kachari Assistant Hydrogeologist Under the supervision of Shri T Chakraborty Officer In Charge, SUO, Shillong & Nodal Officer of NAQUIM, NER CONTENTS Page no. 1. Introduction 1-20 1.1 Objectives 1 1.2 Scope of the study 1 1.2.1 Data compilation & data gap analysis 1 1.2.2 Data Generation 2 1.2.3 Aquifer map preparation 2 1.2.4 Aquifer management plan formulation 2 1.3 Approach and methodology 2 1.4 Area details 2-4 1.5Data availability and data adequacy before conducting aquifer mapping 4-6 1.6 Data gap analysis and data generation 6 1.6.1 Data gap analysis 6 1.6.2 Recommendation on data generation 6 1.7 Rainfall distribution 7 1.8 Physiography 7-8 1.9 Geomorphology 8 1.10 Land use 9-10 1.11Soil 11 1.12 Drainage 11-12 1.13 Agriculture 13-14 1.14 Irrigation 14 1.15 Irrigation projects: Major, Medium and Minor 15-16 1.16 Ponds, tanks and other water conservation structures 16 1.17 Cropping pattern 16-17 1.18 Prevailing water conservation/recharge practices 17 1.19 General geology 18-19 1.20 Sub surface geology 19-20 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Pineapple Item
    Pineapple Item Issue No. 15Newsletter of the Pineapple Working Group, International Society for Horticultural Science June, 2008 Table of Contents News of General Interest, Pineapple Working Group News ..........................................................................................2 Dr. Jimmie Bob Smith. In Memorium .................................................................................................................................................... 2 Estimating Plant Weights .......................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Control of fruit sunburn in Taiwan ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 Use of Gibberellic Acid (GA) on P in eap p le............................................................................................................................................. 6 A Further Note on Slashing and Sucker Production ............................................................................................................................. 7 7th International Pineapple Symposium .................................................................................................................................................... 7 ISHS .............................................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research Indigenous
    ijlpr 2021; doi 10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2021.11.3.L17-22 International Journal of Life science and Pharma Research Botany for Medicinal science Research Article Indigenous Medicinal Plants of Tripura used by the Folklore Practitioners for the Treatment of Bone Fractures Gunamoni Das1*, Anjan Kumar Sarma2, NitulJyoti Das3, Prasenjit Bhagawati4And R. K. Sharma5 1,2,3,4Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-781068, Assam, India 5Government Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Jalukbari, Guwahati- 781014, Assam, India Abstract: Traditional medicine is the oldest form of medicine and modern medicine has its roots in it. The experienced folklore practitioners are very scientific in their approach and understand well the mind and body relationship. This has enabled them to treat their patients in an integrated and holistic manner. Indian system of medicine has identified around medicinal plants, of which 500 species are used in preparation of drug formulations. KiratDesh an ancient name of Tripura was well known as a land of hills and dates in the past and was very rich in flora and fauna diversity. Almost all the plants contain some chemical compounds that are beneficial to mankind and many of them are used for medicinal values. In Tripura, about 266 species have been found to have medicinal properties. Folklore practitioners of Tripura were studied for the use of indigenous medicinal plants in the treatment of bone fractures. They use a combination of herbal, physical and natural process for treatment. They know that natural resources that have nurtured the human race the secret of healing. Knowledge of Traditional medicine is like a family heirloom and is transferred by means of inheritance.
    [Show full text]
  • 7=SINO-INDIAN Phylosector
    7= SINO-INDIAN phylosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 525 7=SINO-INDIAN phylosector édition princeps foundation edition DU RÉPERTOIRE DE LA LINGUASPHÈRE 1999-2000 THE LINGUASPHERE REGISTER 1999-2000 publiée en ligne et mise à jour dès novembre 2012 published online & updated from November 2012 This phylosector comprises 22 sets of languages spoken by communities in eastern Asia, from the Himalayas to Manchuria (Heilongjiang), constituting the Sino-Tibetan (or Sino-Indian) continental affinity. See note on nomenclature below. 70= TIBETIC phylozone 71= HIMALAYIC phylozone 72= GARIC phylozone 73= KUKIC phylozone 74= MIRIC phylozone 75= KACHINIC phylozone 76= RUNGIC phylozone 77= IRRAWADDIC phylozone 78= KARENIC phylozone 79= SINITIC phylozone This continental affinity is composed of two major parts: the disparate Tibeto-Burman affinity (zones 70= to 77=), spoken by relatively small communities (with the exception of 77=) in the Himalayas and adjacent regions; and the closely related Chinese languages of the Sinitic set and net (zone 79=), spoken in eastern Asia. The Karen languages of zone 78=, formerly considered part of the Tibeto-Burman grouping, are probably best regarded as a third component of Sino-Tibetan affinity. Zone 79=Sinitic includes the outer-language with the largest number of primary voices in the world, representing the most populous network of contiguous speech-communities at the end of the 20th century ("Mainstream Chinese" or so- called 'Mandarin', standardised under the name of Putonghua). This phylosector is named 7=Sino-Indian (rather than Sino-Tibetan) to maintain the broad geographic nomenclature of all ten sectors of the linguasphere, composed of the names of continental or sub-continental entities.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents Chapter 1
    Table of Contents Chapter 1 ......................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Origin and Migration ........................................................................................ 2 1.2. Geographical and Demographic distribution ................................................... 3 1.3. Linguistic affiliation........................................................................................... 4 1.4. Dialectal variations ........................................................................................... 7 1.5. Cultural Background and Literary ..................................................................... 8 1.5.1. Literary background .................................................................................... 17 1.6. Data and Methodology ................................................................................... 18 Chapter 2 ....................................................................................................................... 19 Review of Literature .................................................................................................. 19 Chapter 3 ....................................................................................................................... 21 3. Phonemic inventory .............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Challenge of Peace in Nagaland
    India talks with Naga rebels The challenge of peace in Nagaland BY RUPAK CHATTOPADHYAY There are times when the of the most complex. Government of India and armed separatists are not only willing to talk The Nagas before 1975 but to agree on something. That happened on January 31 in Bangkok There are seventeen major and an when both India and one such group, equal number of smaller Naga tribes, the National Socialist Council of each with its own recognizable dialect Nagaland — Isaac Muivah faction, and customs, linked traditionally by a known as NSCN-IM, extended an shared way of life and religious eight-year-old ceasefire for another In New Delhi, the Secretary-General of India's practices, and indeed more recently by six months as both sides attempt to upper house of parliament receives members of Christianity. There are more than 14 find a solution to this long-running the Nagaland Legislative Assembly. tribes that make up the Nagas. Tribal insurgency. conflicts have complicated the process The Naga revolt is centred in the state of Nagaland – one of of peacemaking in the state of seven in North East India. They are known as the “seven Nagaland, and other Naga inhabited areas, over the years. sisters”: Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Tripura, Meghalaya, Nagas also reside in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram, which are among the Assam and Manipur. most neglected and underdeveloped parts of India. The The Naga rebellion dates back to India’s independence in North East is a remote region connected to the rest of India 1947, when separatist sentiments represented by A.
    [Show full text]
  • Histrical Background Changlang District Covered with Picturesque Hills Lies in the South-Eastern Corner of Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India
    Histrical Background Changlang District covered with picturesque hills lies in the south-eastern corner of Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India. It has an area of 4,662 sqr. Km and a population of 1,48,226 persons as per 2011 Census. According to legend the name Changlang owes its origin to the local word CHANGLANGKAN which means a hilltop where people discovered the poisonous herb, which is used for poisoning fish in the river. Changlang District has reached the stage in its present set up through a gradual development of Administration. Prior to 14th November 1987, it was a part of Tirap District. Under the Arunachal Pradesh Reorganization of Districts Amendment Bill, 1987,the Government of Arunachal Pradesh, formally declared the area as a new District on 14th November 1987 and became 10th district of Arunachal Pradesh. The legacy of Second World War, the historic Stilwell Road (Ledo Road), which was constructed during the Second World War by the Allied Soldiers from Ledo in Assam, India to Kunming, China via hills and valleys of impenetrable forests of north Burma (Myanmar) which section of this road is also passed through Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh and remnant of Second World War Cemetery one can see at Jairampur – Nampong road. Location and Boundary The District lies between the Latitudes 26°40’N and 27°40’N, and Longitudes 95°11’E and 97°11’E .It is bounded by Tinsukia District of Assam and Lohit District of Arunachal Pradesh in the north, by Tirap District in the west and by Myanmar in the south-east.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Plants Research
    V O L U M E -III Glimpses of CCRAS Contributions (50 Glorious Years) MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDIC SCIENCES Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India New Delhi Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll Glimpses of CCRAS contributions (50 Glorious years) VOLUME-III MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDIC SCIENCES Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India New Delhi MiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiM Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll © Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi - 110058 First Edition - 2018 Publisher: Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, J. L. N. B. C. A. H. Anusandhan Bhavan, 61-65, Institutional Area, Opp. D-Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi - 110 058, E-mail: [email protected], Website : www.ccras.nic.in ISBN : 978-93-83864-27-0 Disclaimer: All possible efforts have been made to ensure the correctness of the contents. However Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, shall not be accountable for any inadvertent error in the content. Corrective measures shall be taken up once such errors are brought
    [Show full text]
  • Light House Project at Agartala, Tripura
    Light House Project at Agartala, Tripura Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs Government of India LIGHT HOUSE PROJECT AT AGARTALA, TRIPURA 3D View of the Project 1 pmay-urban.gov.in ghtc-india.gov.in PMAYUrban pmayurban PMAY Urban [email protected] Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs, Govt. of India The country is going to get a new technology to build houses “ for the poor and the middle class. In technical parlance, you call it the Light House Project. I believe these six projects are really like light towers. These six light house projects would give a new direction to the housing construction in the country. The coming together of states from the east-west, north-south and every region of the country is further strengthening our sense of cooperative federalism. These light house projects will be constructed through modern technology and innovative processes. This will reduce the construction time and prepare the more resilient, affordable and comfortable homes for the poor. In a way, these projects will be incubation centres and our planners, architects, engineers and students will be able to learn and experiment with new technology. ” Narendra Modi Prime Minister of India 1.1.2021 2 Light House Project at Agartala, Tripura 1. Background The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) is implementing Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban (PMAY-U) Mission, one of the largest public housing programs in the world, with a goal of providing all weather pucca houses to all eligible urban families by 2022. Against an assessed demand of 1.12 crore houses, so far over 1.08 crore have been sanctioned; out of this over 72 lakh have been grounded for construction and nearly 42 lakh have been completed and delivered to the beneficiaries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Extent and Nature of the Cprs in the Northeast I. the Concept Of
    The Extent and Nature of the CPRs in the Northeast The Common Property Resources (CPRs) are important sources of livelihood to rural households in general and to the rural poor in particular. They are the livelihood both tangible and intangible of thousands of people. Far from being an exception to this, since most North Eastern States are on a hilly terrain inhabited by tribals, the CPRs play a more important role in people’s livelihood in this region than in the rest of India. The North Eastern economy is agrarian . Agriculture is the principal means of livelihood of most of its people 47.4 percent of whom are cultivators and 11.41 percent earn their livelihood as agricultural labourers. Table 2 shows the significance of land as a source of livelihood of the people of the Northeast. Thus, agriculture occupies an important place in the economy of the region but other sectors are neglected. 70 to 75 percent of the workforce of the region depends on the primary sector against 66 percent in India as a whole. More than 20 percent depend on the tertiary sector. These figures show the importance of CPRs as a source of livelihood of people of the region. I. The Concept of CPRs in General and in North East India The CPRs are community assets that provide both tangible and intangible livelihood (Shyhendra 2002: 3291) to their dependants. They include land used for cultivation and grazing, forests from which non-timber forest produce (NTFP) are collected, waste and panchayat land, watersheds, rivulets, rivers, ponds and other community assets.
    [Show full text]