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Biogas User Survey, Nepal 2009-2010

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Biogas User Survey, Nepal 2009-2010 GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT (MoEnv) ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROMOTION CENTER (AEPC) Khumaltar, Lalitpur FINAL REPORT On ANNUAL BIOGAS USERS’ SURVEY 2009/2010 for Biogas Support Program – Nepal (BSP - Nepal) Activity – I Submitted By: Nepal Environmental & Scientific Services [NESS] (P) Ltd. GPO Box No: 7301, Jitjung Marga 26, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal Telephone : + 977 1 4244989 / 4241001; Fax : + 977 1 4226028 E-mail : [email protected] Website: www.ness.com.np July, 2011 Final Report on Annual Biogas Users' Survey 2009/10 Abbreviation and Acronyms AEPC : Alternative Energy Promotion Center BSP : Biogas Support Programme BSP/N : Biogas Sector Partnership Nepal BUS : Bio-gas Users Survey CBO : Community Based Organization CDM : Clean Development Mechanism FYM : Farm Yard Manure GHGs : Green House Gas GO : Government Organization GON : Government of Nepal HHs : Households I/NGOs : International/Non–government Organizations IGAs : Income Generating Activity IRMC : Integrated Resource Management Consultancy IWM : Improved Water Mill KfW : Kreditansalt fur Wiederaufbau Kg : Kilogram LPG : Liquefied Petroleum Gas MH : Micro Hydropower MoPE : Ministry of Population and Environment N : Number NBPA : Nepal Biogas Promotion Association NGOs : Non Government Organizations R&M : Repair and Maintenance RET : Renewable Energy Technology Rs : Rupees SHS : Solar Home System SLC : School Leaving Certificate SNV : Netherlands Development Organization TOR : Terms of Reference TV : Television VDC : Village Development Committees WHO : World Health Organization Consultant: Nepal Environmental & Scientific Services [NESS] Pvt. Ltd. i Final Report on Annual Biogas Users' Survey 2009/10 Table of Contents Abbreviation and Acronyms Table of Contents List of Tables sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z Executive Summary 1.0 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 General Background.................................................................................................................1 1.2 Study Rationale......................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Objectives of the study .............................................................................................................1 1.4 Survey Locations ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.5 Scope and Limitation of the study ............................................................................................ 3 1.6 Expected Output and Deliverables........................................................................................... 3 1.7 Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 3 1.7.1 Team composition............................................................................................................. 3 1.7.2 Sample Selection .............................................................................................................. 4 1.7.3 Selection of Enumerators and their Orientation ............................................................... 6 1.7.4 Pretesting of the Questionnaire........................................................................................ 6 1.7.5 Field Work ......................................................................................................................... 7 1.7.6 Data Processing and Analysis.......................................................................................... 7 2.0 CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOGAS OWNERS............................................................................8 2.1 Capacity of Biogas Plants.........................................................................................................8 2.2 Demographic Characters..........................................................................................................8 2.2.1 Caste/ Ethnicity ................................................................................................................. 8 2.2.2 Family size ........................................................................................................................ 9 2.2.3 Literacy status................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Socio-economic Characteristics .............................................................................................10 2.3.1 Distance from the road ................................................................................................... 10 2.3.2 Availability of Water Resources...................................................................................... 10 2.3.3 Electricity Connectivity.................................................................................................... 10 2.3.4 Occupation...................................................................................................................... 11 2.3.5 Investment of the plant ................................................................................................... 11 3.0 IMPACTS OF BIOGAS AND BIOSLURRY ..............................................................................13 3.1 Issues and Impacts of Bio-Slurry............................................................................................13 3.1.1 Impact of bio-slurry Application on productivity.............................................................. 14 3.1.2 Impacts of slurry application on the incidence of insects and diseases ........................ 15 3.1.3 Reduction in Manure and Chemical Fertilizer ................................................................ 15 4.0 ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SANITATION......................................................16 4.1 Energy.....................................................................................................................................16 4.1.1 Sources of energy and energy use pattern .................................................................... 16 4.1.2 Changes in consumption pattern of both conventional and biomass energy at household level .......................................................................................................................... 16 4.1.3 Source of Firewood, Responsibility of Collection and Harvesting Method.................... 18 4.1.4 Impact on Forest due to firewood collection before biogas plant .................................. 20 4.1.5 Changes of firewood Use and Collection Time before 10 and 20 years ....................... 21 4.1.6 Use of Firewood saved from Biogas Users.................................................................... 21 4.1.7 Cost of energy................................................................................................................. 22 4.2 Environment, Health and Sanitation.......................................................................................22 4.2.1 Reduction in indoor air pollution ..................................................................................... 22 4.2.2 Impacts of toilet attachment............................................................................................ 23 4.2.3 Reduced Incidence of Disease among Household members........................................ 24 5.0 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF BIOGAS PLANTS....................................................25 5.1 Gas Production and Utilization ...............................................................................................25 5.1.1 Daily operation ................................................................................................................ 25 5.1.2 Top Filling of the Dome................................................................................................... 25 Consultant: Nepal Environmental & Scientific Services [NESS] Pvt. Ltd. ii Final Report on Annual Biogas Users' Survey 2009/10 5.1.3 Time saving and its utilization......................................................................................... 26 5.2 Plant Feeding..........................................................................................................................27 5.2.1 Frequency and Amount of dung feeding ........................................................................ 27 5.2.2 Reason of not feeding the available dung...................................................................... 28 5.2.3 Feeding materials other than dung................................................................................. 28 5.3 Users’ Satisfaction ..................................................................................................................29 5.3.1 Gas production................................................................................................................ 29 5.3.2 Satisfaction and dissatisfaction ...................................................................................... 30 5.3.3 Level of satisfaction ........................................................................................................ 30 5.3.4 Suggestions to improve the overall performance........................................................... 31 5.4 Repair and Maintenance of Biogas Plant...............................................................................31 5.4.1 Physical
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