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Bosworth, Stephen Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR STEPHEN BOSWORTH Interviewed by: Michael Mahoney Initial interview date: February 24, 2003 Copyright 2008 A ST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born and raised in Michigan Dartmouth ollege, George Washington University Entered the Foreign Service in 1961 State Department* FSI* Spanish language training 1961,1962 Panama ity, Panama* .otation Officer 1962,1963 olon, Panama* Principal Officer 1963,1960 ontrol of Panama anal 1one Anti,American riots Environment Panama ity, Panama2 Economic Officer 1960 Environment .elations 3ith US residents Administrative structure of 1one Peace orps olon post State Department2 Panama Desk Officer 1960,1967 anal 1one status President5s Special .epresentatives Organi6ation of American States 7OAS8 anal Study ommissions Panama coup Economics study at George Washington University Madrid, Spain* Economic9 ommercial Officer 1967,1971 US Ambassadors Economy 1 European Union Francisco Franco NATO US Military presence ommunist Party Environment Universities Operations Juan arlos State Department* FSI2 French language Study 1971 Paris, France* Economic Officer 1971,1973 European Union Affiliation Agreements Issues White House Exchange Program 7Executive Exchange Program8 1973,1970 Work at ontinental Illinois Bank, hicago, IL. Spain study State Department2 Office of Fuels and Energy 1970,1976 .esponse to oil embargo Emergency oil sharing plan Federal Energy Agency Kissinger US,European relations onference on Economic ooperation 7 E 8 Tom Enders Julius Kat6 State Department* Deputy Assistant Secretary, Fuels A Energy 1976,1979 Policy* Energy, commodities A ra3 materials in food International agreements Department of Energy established OPE State,Treasury relationship ongressional relations James Schlesinger Personalities US officials5 relations 3ith oil producers hina energy concerns International Energy Agency 7IEA8 Alternative sources of energy Sugar 2 Ambassador to Tunisia 1979,1981 Libya and Cadhafi Tehran Embassy hostages President Bourguiba .elations Palestinians amp David Accord US Middle East policy US economic interests Military assistance Peace orps Environment Social issues State Department* Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary, Western 1981,1983 Hemisphere Affairs Nicaragua and Sandinistas Work load Election observers Tom Enders Personnel uba Nicaraguan arms supply Oliver North Guatemala ontras President .eagan Secretaries of State Falklands 3ar astro Surinam State Department2 Policy Planning Staff 1983,1980 Personnel Middle East Lebanon Other Issues Ambassador to Philippines 1980,1987 Elections Marcos Marriage orruption Economy US policy 3 .elations US military bases Mrs. Marcos Mrs. ADuino election Military coup Evacuation of the Marcos ommunist insurgency Political parties Dartmouth ollege* Fello3ship 1987,1988 U. S. E Japan Foundation, Ne3 Fork ity 1988,1995 olumbia University, Adjunct professor Other private organi6ations Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organi6ation 7KEDO8 1995,1997 Organi6ing and Operation the organi6ation US,North Korea nuclear free6e agreement Korean Electric Po3er ompany 7KEP O8 Negotiations Operations Supply agreements North Korea nuclear facilities South Korea policy objectives North Korea environment Dealing 3ith North Korea North Korea as threat to South Korea North Korea nuclear capacity Ambassador to Korea 1997,2000 Financial crisis .escheduling bank debt US support International Monetary Fund Agreement Asia Development Bank Kim Dae,jung5s Sunshine Policy Japan financial involvement North Korean missile test US,North Korea policy North Korea military hina .efugees US policy re political engagement 3ith N. Korea Nuclear technology US EKorea trade 4 omments on Foreign Policy and Foreign Service State Department personnel policies State Department training .ole of 3omen Assignment policy Writing abilities Speciali6ed training Economic training Latin American debt crisis ongressional partisanship President .eagan Human .ights Grenada Lebanon omments on United States,Japan Foundation and other 1988,1995 Japan5s role in East Asia hina Human .ights Trade imbalance US 3orld monetary influence Korean monetary success Japan INTERVIEW INote2 This intervie3 3as not edited by Ambassador Bos3orthJ Q: This is the 24th of February and we&re at Tufts University. This is an interview with Ambassador Stephen Bosworth. Mr. Ambassador, could you start by telling us a little bit about your background, where you were born and grew up and went to school and how you got interested in the Foreign Service, that sort of thing. BOSWO.TH2 Sure. I 3as born in Western Michigan and gre3 up there on a very small farm. At the time my father 3as 3orking in a lumberyard in Michigan in Grand .apids. He subseDuently several years later 3ent back to college himself and became a high school teacher, but I spent the first 17 years of my life living on this farm outside of Grand .apids. I 3ent to high school in a place called Granville, Michigan. Q: Public high school- BOSWO.TH2 It 3as a very public high school, not a very good public high school, 5 frankly. It 3as a decent 3ay to gro3 up and I guess I learned some habits that have been useful to me later in life like most people 3ho live on small farms. Because I 3as, 3ell, after I graduated from high school, I 3ent to college. I 3ent to Dartmouth ollege in Ne3 Hampshire. Q: How did you happen to go there out of /rand Rapids- BOSWO.TH2 I 3as a high school football player. My high school football coach had played someplace 3ith a fello3 3ho 3as the director of the athletic information at Dartmouth. He sent out postcards every year asking all of his friends if they had anyone they thought might be able to play ivy league football 3ho could also be academically admitted to a place like Dartmouth. Without talking to me about it, my coach sent my name in and the next thing I kne3 I 3as being flooded 3ith material from Dartmouth and became very captivated 3ith the notion of going to Dartmouth. I had no idea of 3hat it 3as like. I had never been outside the state of Michigan. Q: Let me back up. 2hat year were you born- BOSWO.TH2 I 3as born in 1939. Q: So, this is 334 and so what year would you have started Dartmouth- BOSWO.TH2 I started at Dartmouth in 1957. I 3as in the class of 1961. Q: 5ou had never been outside of Michigan- BOSWO.TH2 Well, I5d actually been to Waterloo, Io3a once to participate in a 0,H lub dairy cattle judging contest. That 3as my o3n foray outside the state. So, Dartmouth ollege 3as Duite a shock to me in many 3ays, a pleasant shock on the 3hole, but I had done little in my earlier life to prepare me for it. I graduated, 3ell* I 3as at Dartmouth obviously for four years. Q: 2hat did you ma6or in- BOSWO.TH2 I ended up majoring in something called international relations only because it 3as an interdisciplinary major that offered me the prospect of not having to concentrate on any one field. Q: Did you actually play football at Dartmouth- BOSWO.TH2 I played football one year and discovered that 3hile I liked Dartmouth very much I 3as not that enamored 3ith college football. I did not play football after my freshman year, but I had a General Motors scholarship at Dartmouth and then as no3 athletics scholarships are not found at Dartmouth and other Ivy League institutions. So, I 3as there and could stay even if I didn5t 3ant to play football. The international relations 6 major 3as an interdisciplinary major and I had several professors 3ho 3ere Duite influential in shaping my thinking at the time. One of them indicated that he had been in the Foreign Service for a fe3 years right after World War II and told me that he thought it might be a good idea for me to take the Foreign Service exam, 3hich I did. I took the Foreign Service exam and a fe3 3eeks later I took the la3 boards because the other route that I sa3 as potentially open to me 3as to go to la3 school. Q: 5ou had made up your mind you weren&t going back to live in Michigan- BOSWO.TH2 I 3as not going back to live in Michigan. There 3as nothing for me in Michigan except my parents 3ho obviously I had remained close to 3hen I 3ent back periodically, but the notion of living in Michigan held no appeal to me. I guess that 3as one of the things one of the transformations that Dartmouth provided and that had opened my hori6ons to a degree that going to a small school in Michigan 3hich 3ould probably have been my alternative I never 3ould have done. Q: 2hat did you like about international relations as a field to study- BOSWO.TH2 I found the notion of being able to connect 3ith other cultures 3ith other political systems. It seemed to me to offer a 3ider range of interests and activities perhaps than most other occupations that I could think of. The la3 3as not something that I 3as dra3n to, but la3 school Duite frankly 3as another 3ay of tempori6ing the 3ay I made a decision for a fe3 years as to 3hat I might 3ant to do. It 3as through this professor 3ho suggested that I take the Foreign Service exam that I first became interested in the Foreign Service. I intervie3ed 3ith a fe3 companies in my senior year at Dartmouth and I remember after one a rather interesting conversation. One of the intervie3ers said to me, KFou kno3, you really should not be intervie3ing 3ith companies. Fou should be trying to join the government in some capacity.L I think at that time he 3as right. I took the Foreign Service exam, passed the 3ritten. I can still remember driving, I borro3ed a friend5s car and drove do3n to Boston to take the orals and in those years the orals 3ere much different than they are no3.
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