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All Quiet on the Potomac

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ALL QUIET ON THE POTOMAC. HISTORY OF THE INDEPENDENT LOUDOUN VIRGINIA RANGERS. U. S. VOL. CAV. (SCOUTS) BY BRISCOE GOODHART, CO. A. WASHINGTON, D. C. PRESS OF MCGILL & WALLACE. 1896. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1896, by BRISCOE GOODHART, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C. PREFACE. As the basis of every great national achievement is to be found in the thoughts and feelings of the people, so the real history of a great army is founded upon the annals of the separate organizations of which it was composed. The "History of the Loudoun (Virginia) Rangers," as feebly set forth in the following pages, claims attentioh as a part, however small, in the history of one of the greatest wars the world has ever known. As the name of their organization indicates, they came from a State which was arrayed in arms against the authority of the National Government. No Governor, or Senator, or Member of Congress guarded their interests; nc,r was any State or local bounty held forth to them as an allurement. Their enlistment in the Union Army-their country's ari:ny-was the spontaneous outgrowth of a spirit of lofty patriotism. As they saw their duty they were not lacking in moral courage to perform that duty ; and with no lapse of years shall we ever fail to insist that the principles for which the Rangers contended were eter­ nally right, and that their opponents were eternally wrong. "\Vhile most of the events narrated in this work passed under the personal observation of the writer, he has also made use of reliable information fron1 every available source. He desires to express his grateful sense of obligation to those who have materially lessened his labors and largely contributed to the value of his work by furnishing useful materials, such as reports, letters, diaries, etc. Should these pages interest the reader the writer will feel that his labors have not been in vain. BG. \VASHING'l'ON, D. C., 1896. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Early Formation of Loudoun County-Early En1igrants- Cavaliers-Germans-Quakers- Genesis of the Rangers. I-Io CHAPTER II. The Sece~sion Movement-Public Sentiment Against-A Convention Called-An Election Ordered - Methods Employed in Forcing Virginia out of the Union . 10-23 CHAPTER III. Samuel C. Means goes to Maryland-Given a Commission to Raise a Company of Cava1ry-Re.cruiting at Lovettsville, etc.-Eleclion of Officers-The Fight at Waterford . 23-40 CHAPTER IV. The Fight at Leesburg - The Confederate Army Invades Maryland . •· . 40-50 CHAPTER V. The Attack upon Harpers Ferry-The Cavalry Cut Their Way Out-Capitulation of the Place-Battle of Antietam, 51-78 CHAPTER VI. Camped at Point of Rocks-lVIoved to Brunswick-Lieut. Slater Resigned 011 Accoi1nt of "\Vounds-Ca1np n1oved to Bolivar Heights-To Berryville-Confederate Army Marches Northward . 78-91 CHAP'fER VIL The Gettysburg Campaign-Frederick-E11icotts lVIills-Re­ lay House-Tennallytcwn-Camped atDrippingSpring­ The Fight at Gray's Farm. 91-107 vi CONTENTS. CHAPTER VIII. Back to Harpers Ferry-Recruiting Company B-The Affair at Neersville-Camp Moved to Charlestown-Scouting in the Valley-The Fight at Charlestown-Recruiting Com­ panies C and D .. 107-u9 CHAPTER IX. Back to Point of Rocks-In Winter Quarters-Gathering Hay-Moved to the Furnace-Ordered to West Vir­ ginia-Capt. Means Leaves the Service-The Second Fight at Waterford . u9-131 CHAPTER X. The Confederate Army under Gen. Early Invades Maryland­ Battle of Monocacy-Frederick-Relay House-Ellicotts Mills-Washington ............... 131-144 CHAPTER XI. Gen. Sheridan in the Valley-Battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill-Tom's Brook-Cedar Creek . 144-170 CHAPTER XII. The Fight at Adamstown-The Fight at Goresville­ French Bill-Tritapoe and Best-Downey's Mill-His- toric Shenandoah Valley. 170-190 CHAPTER XIII. Back to Harpers Ferry-The Raid to Upperville and Middle­ burg-Fight at Hamilton - Capt. Keyes Resigns on Account of Wounds-Capt. Grubb Commands the Bat­ talion-Keyes Switch-John Moberly-Lee Surrenders­ The War is Over-Retrospective-War Finances . CHAPTER XIV. Prison Experiences-Libby-Pemberton-Castle Thunder- Belle Isle-Andersonville-Roster, etc. 204-234 HISTORY OF THE LOUDOUN (VA.) RANGERS. CHAPTER I. EARLY FouMATION OF Lour)OU~ CouxTY-EARLY EMIGRANTS-OAVALIER·­ GERMA);::;-QuAKERS-GENJs1s oF THE RA:--GEHS. President Lincoln's call for 300,000 troops in the sumrner of 1862 touched a responsive chord in the hearts of nearly 600,000 · patriots. Into this vast ag­ gregation of volunteer soldiers the Loudoun (\'irginia) Rangers cast their little 1nite. Possibly the Rebellion could have been suppressed without the111, yet that Grand l\.rmy that marched to the 1nusic of the Union, fro1n Fort Su1nter to Appornattox, was co111posed of just such mites. The co1nmand was recruited in Lou­ doun County, Virginia, and 1nustered into the United States service at Lovettsville, the 20th day of June, 1862. It was an independent co1n111and, organized in obedience to a special order of the Honorable Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War, and was at first subject to his orders only, but subsequently 111erged into the Eighth Corps, con1111anded at that ti111e by the vener­ able Major General John Ellis Wool, hero of three wars­ the second war "With Great Britain in 1812, the !Vlexican War, 1847, and the Civil War, 1861-'65-an honor that has been enjoyed by co1nparatively few. Perhaps the reader n1ay inquire how the Rangers came to be arrayed on the side of the Union, coining as 2 HISTORY OF they did fro1n ,vithin the territory of the alleged South­ ern Confederacy. The answer is, '' Blood will tell.'' A 1najority of the citizens of Loudoun County cast their wavering- fortunes under the seductive folds of the Stars and Bars, and fought with a courage and a desperation worthy of a better cause. They, like thousands of other so-called " loyal sons of the South,'' were carried away by the plausible delusion of "States' Rights," to fight against the Goven11nent in which they lived, and which afforded the111 protection. But while a 111ajority of the citizens of Loudoun County was extre1ne Secessionist, a detennined and enthusiastic 1ninority was just as :fir1n in its loyalty' to the flag of its country as was any section of the Union. Owing to the 111eagreness of colonial history it is i111- possible to state the exact period this section of the State was settled. The first record we have of an atten1pt at settle1nent is in 1670, when Capt. Henry Batte organ­ ized an expedition fro1n the head of tidevvater on the Poto111ac (probab1y near i\lexandria), passing up that strean1 and crossing the Blue Ridge at or near Snicker's Gap, invading thu Shenandoah Valley. 'l'he Indians did not look with favor upon this intrusion of their territory, as a war of exter1nination against the fe,v settlers ,vas ,vaged ,vith great fury for the next five years, tenninating· in a great battle on the site of the City of \V ashington, resnl ting in a defeat of the red skins. In 1700 Gov. Sir '-iVillia111 Berkeley assu111ed a very friendly attitude towards the Indians, gradually extend­ ing settletnents on the vvestern frontier. In r 7 r6 Gov. Spotswood visited this section, and the visit is known in history as the "l\1arch of Spots,vood." In a list of his equipage is to be found eight kinds of wine. On the su1n111it of the Blue Ridge his party held a kind of banquet, or ''passover,'' ,vith the Indians. 'i-'HE LOUDOUN RANGERS. 3 The desire a111ong the early settlers to possess choice pieces of real estate developed slowly, consequently little progress was 1nade in settling the conn try, yet intercourse with the savages had been kept up, result­ ing in a better acquaintance, which gradually led to a partial yielding on their part to the inevitable-the onward 111arch of civilization. Per1nanent settle111ents began about 1725. What is now Loudoun County ,vas then a part of Prince \:V illia111 County, and owned by one 111an, I...(ord Tho111as Fairfax, Baron of _Ca111eron. The County ,vas divided in 1742, and Fairfax County created and na111ed in honor of the landlord, and in 17 57 Fairfax Conn ty was dividt=>d and Loudoun Countv.., created and 11a111ed in honor of Lord Loudoun, a pro111inent officer in the English .A.. nny, after\vards Co111111ander in Chief of the British forces in the A1nerica11 Colonies, and Governor of Virginia fro111 r758-r762. About the earliest settlers ,ve have any authentic record of (1725) were the English Cavalier stock, who located in the eastern and southern portions of the county, extending fro111 the Poto111ac River south to Middleburg and fro111 the Catoctin and Bull Run l\Ioun­ tains east to the eastern border of. the countv..., This stock was the first to introduce and foster slavery in the county. Froin 1725 to 1735, there ca111e fro111 Pennsylvania a sturdy and vigorous people vvho settled ,vhat is kno,vn as the Gennan Settle111ent, extending ,vest fro1n the Catoctin 11ountains to the Short Hill l\lountains, and from the Poto111ac !liver south to near Wheatland. In 1710 to 1720 this san1e people had co111e fro111 the Palatine States of Ger1nany, and settled in N e\v ·York and Pennsv.., 1 vania . The earliest date the Ger111ans settled in Loudoun County is not exactly kno,vn. If istory places the 4 HISTORY OF period at from 1725 to 1735. There is some evidence, however, that they came at an earlier date. The black­ heart cherry tree that has flourished for centuries in Germany has been grown in this German settlement to perfection, and the growths of the oldest trees show it to have been planted in 1720.
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