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America's Rangers
America’s Rangers: The Story of America’s First Warriors and their Journey from Tradition to Institution by James Sandy, B.A. A Thesis In HISTORY Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Approved Dr. John R. Milam Chair of Committee Dr. Laura Calkins Dr. Barton Myers Peggy Gordon Miller Dean of the Graduate School August, 2011 Copyright 2011, James Sandy Texas Tech University, James Sandy, Summer 2011 Acknowledgments This work would not have been possible without the constant encouragement and tutelage of my committee. They provided the inspiration for me to start this project, and guided me along the way as I slowly molded a very raw idea into the finished product here. Dr. Laura Calkins witnessed the birth of this project in my very first graduate class and has assisted me along every step of the way as a fantastic proofreader and a wonderful sounding board where many an idea was first verbalized. Dr. Calkins has been and will continue to be invaluable mentor and friend throughout my graduate education. Dr. Barton Myers was the latest addition to my committee, but he pushed me to expand my project further back into American History. The vast scope that this work encompasses proved to be my biggest challenge, but has come out as this works’ greatest strength. I cannot thank Dr. Myers enough for pushing me out of my comfort zone. Dr. Ron Milam has been a part of my academic career from the beginning and has long served as my inspiration in pursuing a life in academia. -
Index to Black Horse Cavalry Defend Our Beloved Country, by Lewis Marshall Helm
Index to Black Horse Cavalry Defend Our Beloved Country, by Lewis Marshall Helm http://innopac.fauquiercounty.gov/record=b1117236 Index courtesy of Fauquier County Public Library (http://fauquierlibrary.org) Name Subject Page Abel, Charles T. a prisoner dies of illness 225 Abel, Charles T. BH brief biography / service record 263 Abel, George W. enlists with BH 67 Abel, George W. was captured and sent to Old Capitol Prison 140 Abel, George W. BH brief biography / service record 263 Abell, Charles T. Gerardis captured Alexander in Culpeper sold it to Gen. 172 Abingdon Washington 15 Accotink Run BH engages Union troops 62 Payne memo, speculates on Jackson had Achilles he lived in the past 301 Adams (Mr.) Turner diary mentions 100 see also Slaves and Negros (terms were African Americans indexed as they appeared in the text) African-Americans Mosby blamed for support of 248 home state of Private Wilburn relative of Alabama Robert Smith 245 Albemarle Cavalry diarist describes 41 Albemarle County Union sends in cavalry raids 192 Aldie Turner describes Union advance toward 145 Aldie Stuart's cavalry fights around 164 Aldie road "guide" claims Jackson is moving along 116 sold Alexander home, Abingdon, to Gen. Alexander, Gerard Washington 15 family settled along banks of Potomac in Alexander, John IV 1659 15 Alexander, Mark hijinks w/William Payne 3 Alexandria is being bombarded, topic of chapter 14, 15 Alexandria Artillery is formed and attracts volunteers 15 Alexandria Light Artillery fires first round 30 Alexandria Light Artillery takes out Cub Run bridge 35 Alexandria Pike BH does picket duty along 13 Alexandria Railroad trains are commandeered 19 Alexandria Rifles Alexander Hunter is transferred to BH 160 Alexandria Sentinel issues call to arms 15 Alexandria Turnpike its importance is noted 4 Alexandria Turnpike Jackson to arrive at 104 Alexandria Turnpike section from Waterloo to Amissville 153 Name Subject Page Allen (Col.) Payne memo, recalls attack let by 298 Alrich Union moves toward Richmond from 200 Alston, Harold exchanged from Ft. -
Loudoun County African-American Historic Architectural Resources Survey
Loudoun County African-American Historic Architectural Resources Survey Lincoln "Colored" School, 1938. From the Library of Virginia: School Building Services Photograph Collection. Prepared by: History Matters, LLC Washington, DC September 2004 Sponsored by the Loudoun County Board of Supervisors & The Black History Committee of the Friends of the Thomas Balch Library Leesburg, VA Loudoun County African-American Historic Architectural Resources Survey Prepared by: Kathryn Gettings Smith Edna Johnston Megan Glynn History Matters, LLC Washington, DC September 2004 Sponsored by the Loudoun County Board of Supervisors & The Black History Committee of the Friends of the Thomas Balch Library Leesburg, VA Loudoun County Department of Planning 1 Harrison Street, S.E., 3rd Floor Leesburg, VA 20175 703-777-0246 Table of Contents I. Abstract 4 II. Acknowledgements 5 III. List of Figures 6 IV. Project Description and Research Design 8 V. Historic Context A. Historic Overview 10 B. Discussion of Surveyed Resources 19 VI. Survey Findings 56 VII. Recommendations 58 VIII. Bibliography 62 IX. Appendices A. Indices of Surveyed Resources 72 B. Brief Histories of Surveyed Towns, Villages, Hamlets, 108 & Neighborhoods C. African-American Cemeteries in Loudoun County 126 D. Explanations of Historic Themes 127 E. Possible Sites For Future Survey 130 F. Previously Documented Resources with Significance to 136 Loudoun County’s African-American History 1 Figure 1: Map of Loudoun County, Virginia with principal roads, towns, and waterways. Map courtesy of the Loudoun County Office of Mapping. 2 Figure 2. Historically African-American Communities of Loudoun County, Virginia. Prepared by Loudoun County Office of Mapping, May 15, 2001 (Map #2001-015) from data collected by the Black History Committee of the Friends of Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, Va. -
Library Directions: Volume 13, No
Library Directions: Volume 13, No. 2 a newsletter of the Spring 2003 University of Washington Libraries Library Directions is produced two times a year Letter from the Director by UW Libraries staff. Inquiries concerning content should be sent to: Library Directions All books are rare books. —Ivan Doig (2002) University of Washington Libraries Box 352900 In Ivan Doig’s compelling essay in this issue of Library Directions, he Seattle, WA 98195-2900 (206) 543-1760 reminds us that “all books are rare books.” We run the risk of losing ([email protected]) the lore, the curiosity, and uniqueness of each author’s insights if we Paul Constantine, Managing Editor Susan Kemp, Editor, Photographer don’t adequately preserve and make accessible the range of human Diana Johnson, Mark Kelly, Stephanie Lamson, eff ort through our libraries. Just as all books are rare books, all digital Mary Mathiason, Mary Whiting, Copy Editors publications are potentially rare publications. We run the same risk of Library Directions is available online at www.lib.washington.edu/about/libdirections/current/. seeing digital scholarship evaporate if we don’t archive and preserve Several sources are used for mailing labels. Please pass the new and evolving forms of publication. multiple copies on to others or return the labels of the unwanted copies to Library Directions. Addresses containing UW campus box numbers were obtained from the HEPPS database and corrections should On March 9-11, the University Libraries hosted a retreat on digital scholarship. Made possible be sent to your departmental payroll coordinator. through the generous funding of the Andrew W. -
James Longstreet and the Retreat from Gettysburg
“Such a night is seldom experienced…” James Longstreet and the Retreat from Gettysburg Karlton Smith, Gettysburg NMP After the repulse of Lt. Gen. James Longstreet’s Assault on July 3, 1863, Gen. Robert E. Lee, commanding the Army of Northern Virginia, knew that the only option left for him at Gettysburg was to try to disengage from his lines and return with his army to Virginia. Longstreet, commander of the army’s First Corps and Lee’s chief lieutenant, would play a significant role in this retrograde movement. As a preliminary to the general withdrawal, Longstreet decided to pull his troops back from the forward positions gained during the fighting on July 2. Lt. Col. G. Moxley Sorrel, Longstreet’s adjutant general, delivered the necessary orders to Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws, commanding one of Longstreet’s divisions. Sorrel offered to carry the order to Brig. Gen. Evander M. Law, commanding John B. Hood’s division, on McLaws’s right. McLaws raised objections to this order. He felt that his advanced position was important and “had been won after a deadly struggle; that the order was given no doubt because of [George] Pickett’s repulse, but as there was no pursuit there was no necessity of it.” Sorrel interrupted saying: “General, there is no discretion allowed, the order is for you to retire at once.” Gen. James Longstreet, C.S.A. (LOC) As McLaws’s forward line was withdrawing to Warfield and Seminary ridges, the Federal batteries on Little Round Top opened fire, “but by quickening the pace the aim was so disturbed that no damage was done.” McLaws’s line was followed by “clouds of skirmishers” from the Federal Army of the Potomac; however, after reinforcing his own skirmish line they were driven back from the Peach Orchard area. -
CONFEDERATED TRIBES and BANDS Nos
FOR PUBLICATION UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT CONFEDERATED TRIBES AND BANDS Nos. 19-35807 OF THE YAKAMA NATION, a 19-35821 sovereign federally recognized Native Nation, D.C. No. Plaintiff-Appellant/ 1:17-cv-03192- Cross-Appellee, TOR v. OPINION KLICKITAT COUNTY, a political subdivision of the State of Washington; KLICKITAT COUNTY SHERIFFS OFFICE, an agency of Klickitat County; BOB SONGER, in his official capacity; KLICKITAT COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF THE PROSECUTING ATTORNEY, an agency of Klickitat County; DAVID QUESNEL, in his official capacity, Defendants-Appellees/ Cross-Appellants. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington Thomas O. Rice, District Judge, Presiding Argued and Submitted November 20, 2020 Seattle, Washington 2 YAKAMA NATION V. KLICKITAT CNTY. Filed June 11, 2021 Before: Ronald M. Gould and Michelle T. Friedland, Circuit Judges, and Jill A. Otake,* District Judge. Opinion by Judge Friedland SUMMARY** Tribal Reservation Affirming the district court’s judgment entered following a bench trial, the panel held that under an 1855 treaty between the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation and the United States, the Yakama Reservation includes a tract, known as Tract D, that partially overlaps with Klickitat County, Washington. The parties’ dispute arose when the County attempted to prosecute P.T.S., a minor and enrolled member of the Tribe, for acts that occurred within Tract D. Pursuant to a proclamation issued by the Governor of Washington, the Yakamas and the federal government share exclusive jurisdiction over certain criminal and civil offenses that occur on Reservation lands. The Yakamas sued the County and County officials, seeking declaratory and injunctive relief barring the County from exercising criminal * The Honorable Jill A. -
SOCIAL UNDERSTANDING and CULTURAL AWARENESS JIM WOODS, DIRECTOR of TRIBAL AFFAIRS, SPECIAL ASSISTANT to the DIRECTOR Native American Tribes Are Here
Working with Tribes SOCIAL UNDERSTANDING AND CULTURAL AWARENESS JIM WOODS, DIRECTOR OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS, SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE DIRECTOR Native American Tribes are here 574 Recognized Tribes in the United States 29 Federally Recognized Tribes in Washington 21 + 2 Treaty Tribes 8 Executive Order Tribes Tribes with Fishing Rights 24 Tribes with off-reservation Hunting Rights Out of State Tribes with rights in Washington Working with our tribal partners The overview: History of Tribal Governments Cultural Relevance & Differences Awareness of Native Lifeways Social Characteristics Stewardship Shared Management and Responsibilities Professional Perspective Resiliency Culture is not a divide. Although Indian tribes are sovereign, that sovereignty is not absolute. It has been challenged, defined, and battled over throughout U.S. history. History of Tribal Governments Tribes have been on this Continent and here in the Pacific Northwest for thousands of years. Historically the Makah believe Orca transformed into a wolf, and thus transforming again into Man. Pre-1492: Pre-Columbus Period Native people lived in organized societies with their own forms of governance for thousands of years before contact with Europeans. Historic Ancient Chinese Explorers traded with WA Coastal Tribes early 1400’s 1513- Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa, the first European to sight the Pacific Ocean, when he claimed all lands adjoining this ocean for the Spanish Crown. In the vicinity of the Duwamish River and Elliott Bay where in 1851 the first U.S. settlers began building log cabins, the Duwamish tribe occupied at least 17 villages. The first non-Natives to settle the area were farmers who selected their claims on the Duwamish River on September 16, 1851. -
Battle-Of-Waynesboro
Battlefield Waynesboro Driving Tour AREA AT WAR The Battle of Waynesboro Campaign Timeline 1864-1865: Jubal Early’s Last Stand Sheridan’s Road The dramatic Union victory at the Battle of Cedar Creek on October 19, 1864, had effectively ended to Petersburg Confederate control in the Valley. Confederate Gen. Jubal A. Early “occasionally came up to the front and Winchester barked, but there was no more bite in him,” as one Yankee put it. Early attempted a last offensive in mid- October 19, 1864 November 1864, but his weakened cavalry was defeated by Union Gen. Philip H. Sheridan’s cavalry at Kernstown Union Gen. Philip H. Sheridan Newtown (Stephens City) and Ninevah, forcing Early to withdraw. The Union cavalry now so defeats Confederate Gen. Jubal A. Early at Cedar Creek. overpowered his own that Early could no longer maneuver offensively. A Union reconnaissance Strasburg Front Royal was repulsed at Rude’s Hill on November 22, and a second Union cavalry raid was turned mid-November 1864 back at Lacey Spring on December 21, ending active operations for the winter season. Early’s weakened cavalry The winter was disastrous for the Confederate army, which was no longer able is defeated in skirmishes at to sustain itself on the produce of the Valley, which had been devastated by Newtown and Ninevah. the destruction of “The Burning.” Rebel cavalry and infantry were returned November 22, to Lee’s army at Petersburg or dispersed to feed and forage for themselves. 1864 Union cavalry repulsed in a small action at Rude’s Hill. Prelude to Battle Harrisonburg December 21, McDowell 1864 As the winter waned and spring approached, Confederates defeat Federals the Federals began to move. -
Buford-Duke Family Album Collection, Circa 1860S (001PC)
Buford-Duke Family Album Collection, circa 1860s (001PC) Photograph album, ca. 1860s, primarily made up of CDVs but includes four tintypes, in which almost all of the images are identified. Many of the persons identified are members of the Buford and Duke families but members of the Taylor and McDowell families are also present. There are also photographs of many Civil War generals and soldiers. Noted individuals include George Stoneman, William Price Sanders, Phillip St. George Cooke, Ambrose Burnside, Ethan Allen Hitchcock, George Gordon Meade, Napoleon Bonaparte Buford, George Brinton McClellan, Wesley Merritt, John Buford, Winfred Scott Hancock, John C. Fremont, Green Clay Smith, Basil Wilson Duke, Philip Swigert, John J. Crittenden and Davis Tillson. The photographs are in good condition but the album cover is coming apart and is in very poor condition and the album pages range from fair to good condition. A complete list of the identified persons is as follows: Buford-Duke, 1 Buford-Duke Family Album Collection, circa 1860s (001PC) Page 1: Page 4 (back page): Top Left - George Stoneman Captain Joseph O'Keefe (?) Top Right - Mrs. Stoneman Captain Myles W. Keogh (?) Bottom Left - William Price Sanders A. Hand Bottom Right Unidentified man Dr. E. W. H. Beck Page 1 (back page): Page 5: Mrs. Coolidge Mrs. John Buford Dr. Richard Coolidge John Buford Phillip St. George Cooke J. Duke Buford Mrs. Phillip St. George Cooke Watson Buford Page 2: Page 5 (back page): John Cooke Captain Theodore Bacon (?) Sallie Buford Bell Unidentified man Julia Cooke Fanny Graddy (sp?) Unidentified woman George Gordon Meade Page 2 (back page): Page 6: John Gibbon Unidentified woman Gibbon children D. -
Sacred Ties: from West Point Brothers to Battlefield Rivals: a True Story of the American Civil War
Civil War Book Review Summer 2010 Article 12 Sacred Ties: From West Point Brothers to Battlefield Rivals: A True Story of the American Civil War Wayne Wei-siang Hsieh Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr Recommended Citation Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang (2010) "Sacred Ties: From West Point Brothers to Battlefield Rivals: A True Story of the American Civil War," Civil War Book Review: Vol. 12 : Iss. 3 . Available at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr/vol12/iss3/12 Hsieh: Sacred Ties: From West Point Brothers to Battlefield Rivals: A Tr Review Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang Summer 2010 Carhart, Tom Sacred Ties: From West Point Brothers to Battlefield Rivals: A True Story of the American Civil War. Berkley Caliber, 978-0-425-23421-1 ISBN 978-0-425-23421-1 Bonds of Brotherhood Tom Carhart, himself a West Point graduate and twice-wounded Vietnam veteran, has written a new study of the famous West Point Classes of 1860 and 1861. Carhart chooses to focus on four notable graduates from the Classes of 1861 (Henry Algernon DuPont, John Pelham, Thomas Lafayette Rosser, and George Armstrong Custer), and two from the Class of 1860 (Wesley Merritt and Stephen Dodson Ramseur). Carhart focuses on the close bonds formed between these cadets at West Point, which persisted even after the division of both the nation and the antebellum U.S. Army officer corps during the Civil War. He starts his narrative with a shared (and illicit) drinking party at Benny’s Haven, a nearby tavern and bane of the humorless guardians of cadet discipline at what is sometimes now not-so-fondly described as the South Hudson Institute of Technology. -
Staff Report PA 2017-CW-4CP
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK STAFF REPORT FOR PLAN AMENDMENT PA 2017-CW-4CP BACKGROUND On July 9, 2013, through the approval of the 2013 Comprehensive Plan Work Program, the Board of Supervisors authorized annual consideration, if needed, of a Comprehensive Plan amendment to update information pertaining to Heritage Resources in the Comprehensive Plan. The amendment will primarily incorporate current information relating to historic properties in Fairfax County. Heritage Resources information in the Comprehensive Plan was last updated in September 2016 to reflect updates through 2015. Since that time, two properties have been added to the Fairfax County Inventory of Historic Sites (Inventory), the historic status of two properties has been revised, and seventeen have been removed. The Inventory is maintained by the History Commission. ANALYSIS The revisions include additions and removals to the Inventory of Historic Sites to reflect History Commission actions, editorial revisions to language which describes Historic Overlay Districts, and updates to references to county departments. The two new sites added to the Inventory are: 1) Hannah P. Clark/Enyedi House (c. 1876), a vernacular farm house in the Mount Vernon Supervisor District, Lower Potomac Planning District, added to the Inventory by the History Commission in October 2017; and 2) the Fort Belvoir Military Railroad Historic Corridor (1810-1993), also in the Mount Vernon Supervisor District, Lower Potomac and Springfield Planning Districts, added to the Virginia Landmarks Register, and therefore added also to the Inventory, in June 2016. Seventeen sites listed in the Inventory of Historic Sites are currently noted in the Plan tables with an asterisk to show the resource as demolished. -
Gettysburg National Military Park STUDENT PROGRAM
Gettysburg National Military Park STUDENT PROGRAM 1 Teachers’ Guide Table of Contents Purpose and Procedure ...................................3 FYI ...BackgroundInformationforTeachersandStudents CausesoftheAmericanCivilWar .........................5 TheBattleofGettysburg .................................8 CivilWarMedicalVocabulary ...........................12 MedicalTimeline ......................................14 Before Your Field Trip The Oath of Allegiance and the Hippocratic Oath ...........18 Squad #1 Activities — Camp Doctors .....................19 FieldTripIdentities .........................20 "SickCall"Play..............................21 CampDoctorsStudyMaterials ................23 PicturePages ...............................25 Camp Report — SickCallRegister .............26 Squad #2 Activities — BattlefieldDoctors .................27 FieldTripIdentities .........................28 "Triage"Play ...............................29 BattlefieldStudyMaterials ...................30 Battle Report — FieldHospitalRegister ........32 Squad #3 Activities — HospitalDoctors ...................33 FieldTripIdentities .........................34 "Hospital"Play..............................35 HospitalStudyMaterials(withPicturePages) ...37 Hospital Report — CertificateofDisability .....42 Your Field Trip Day FieldTripDayProcedures ..............................43 OverviewoftheFieldTrip ..............................44 Nametags .............................................45 After Your Field Trip SuggestedPost-VisitActivities ...........................46