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# 186 1 # E WASH GEORG INGTO May 24 –25 Union troops occupy Arlington Heights and Alexandria. Col. E. Elmer N M EM Ellsworth, commander of the 11th New York Fire Zouaves, removes a Confederate O R Ft. Stevens IA flag from the Marshall House hotel and is killed by proprietor James Jackson. Jackson L P 193 K is killed by Cpl. Francis E. Brownell, who later received the Medal of Honor for his W Y action. Confederate Capt. Motram Ball and 35 cavalrymen are captured, becoming the first Southern prisoners of war. Alexandria is placed under martial law. 123 May –July Confederates fortify Manassas Junction with a series of 12 earthen forts. 495 Field artillery and naval cannon captured at Norfolk are placed in the works. Ft. Marcy WASHINGTON DC National Park June 1 Union and Confederate forces clash at Fairfax Court House and along the Service railroad at Vienna. Capt. John Quincy Marr of Warrenton becomes the first Confed - (Harpers Ferry, 10 miles) Ft. Ethan Allen erate officer killed in action. 309 June 11 –24 Balloonist Thaddeus Lowe discusses military use of balloons with Pres - To ident Abraham Lincoln. On June 24, Lowe makes three ascents at Taylor’s Tavern Leesburg ARLINGTON in Falls Church to observe Confederate troop movements near Fairfax Court House. Ft. C.F. Smith July 18 A Union reconnaissance force is repulsed by Confederate troops in a skirmish at Blackburn’s Ford, a prelude to the First Battle of Manassas. July 19 Piedmont Station (Delaplane) becomes the site of the first strategic use Cherry of railroads in warfare when Gen. Thomas J. Jackson’s 1st Virginia Brigade entrains Surgeon’s pocket kit, Hill 9 for Manassas Junction to reinforce the Confederate army. Fort Ward Museum collection. Arlington National Cemetery/ July 21 First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run). Gen. Irvin McDowell’s Union forces FALLS CHURCH 66 Arlington House 395 are defeated by Confederate Gens. P.G.T. Beauregard and Joseph E. Johnston in the To Frederick, Md. 287 (Multiple Sites) and first major battle of the war. Gen. Thomas Jackson receives his nickname “Stonewall” 29 120 ) 1 in the battle, which results in more than 4,600 casualties. Gettysburg, Pa. Taylor’s Tavern R 50 Freedman’s R July Confederate and Union forces fight a series of skirmishes before and after Village O White’s Ford I First Manassas at Arlington Mill, Febre’s Mill, Ball’s Cross Roads, and Hall’s Hill. H Confederate signal stations are erected at Upton’s Hill near Seven Corners. O Ronald Reagan Ball’s Bluff National Cemetery, Leesburg. Washington The Union army established a military hospital center in Alexandria. & National 15 White’s 7 E Aug. –Sept. Confederate forces construct artillery batteries along the Potomac River R Airport Heaton’s Ferry TU O at Freestone Point, Possum Point, Cockpit Point, and Evansport to block shipping TT Crossroads LN . M to and from Washington, D.C. Confederate troops under Gens. James Longstreet and Mile I 295 To T J.E.B. Stuart occupy Munson’s Hill and Falls Church. Skirmishes occur daily in the Hill Morven Fairfax Court House L “Peach Orchard” area of Falls Church. Battle of Park A Ball’s Bluff Battlefield B Cool Springs ( Oct. 21 Battle of Ball’s Bluff near Leesburg. Defeated Federal troops are driven PURCELLVILLE & National Cemetery 7 into the Potomac River. Union defeat results in establishment in Congress of the 17 miles to 236 Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War. 690 Ft. Ward Winchester LEESBURG Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) Dec. 20 The Battle of Dranesville occurs when Union and Confederate foraging Bluemont Loudoun Museum ALEXANDRIA parties collide. Federals retain possession of the field in what is regarded as the first 734 Edwards 16th President of the United States. FAIRFAX Ferry Union victory on Southern soil. C Darnestown Park h 401 e 395 Winter 1861 –62 Confederates build the first railroad dedicated exclusively to mili - s a tary use, connecting camps at Manassas and Centreville. Confederate Gen. D.H. Hill p PO ea TO Rowser’s Ford oversees completion of Forts Evans, Beauregard, and Johnston around Leesburg. ke MA (Seneca) 95 Oatlands an C R Leesburg d Ohi IVER Alexandria ( o Ca Airport A nal N National Cemetery # # le ati Lake Accotink 186 2 x onal a Histor al Park n ic March Confederates evacuate Manassas Junction and other Northern Virginia d DU r LL ia sites to concentrate near Richmond. Union forces occupy Manassas Junction. 15 ES G , R E L E o June 19 President Lincoln visits Gen. Irvin McDowell’s headquarters at the Weir N u 9 W d family home Liberia in Manassas. AY o Gilford TO Confederate General (Winchester, 20 miles) LL u 32 miles to RD. n Signal Station Aug. 22 –23 Gen. J.E.B. Stuart’s cavalry conducts a reconnaissance behind Union Thomas J. “Stonewall” & Frederick, Md. D H lines in Fauquier County, raiding Catlett’s Station. Stuart “liberates” Warrenton Morven Park as it appeared U (Multiple Sites) Jackson (1824-1863) earned L a L 7 E m 270 and obtains intelligence on the disposition of the Union Army of Virginia that Gens. S his famous nickname at Goose Creek at the time of the Civil War. G p 734 RE s Lee and Jackson use to plan the Second Battle of Manassas (Bull Run). 1st Massachusetts EN h 495 the First Battle of Manassas. Paris Upperville Bridge W AY i Sky Meadows Cavalry Monument LOUDOUN ( r Aug. 25 –26 Gen. Stonewall Jackson and 23,000 men of the Army of Northern TO e State Park LL Great Falls Virginia conduct a flank march through western Fauquier County into Prince ) R R) National Park William County where they raid Bristoe Station and Manassas Junction, cutting Mosby’s Vineyard 611 Raid the supply line of Union Gen. John Pope’s Army of Virginia. Mount Bleak Dranesville Hill 50 40 miles to Baltimore, Md. Farm Battle of Aug. 28 Battle of Groveton. Gen. Stonewall Jackson attacks elements of the Army of W (Multiple Sites) a Dranesville Virginia to prevent consolidation of Pope’s forces. Near The Plains, “Jessie scout” s 17 Rector’s h HERNDON Jack Sterry, disguised as a Confederate officer, detains Gen. John B. Hood’s division Crossroads in 30 miles to Ellicott City, Md. Aldie Mill gt (Multiple Sites) from its march to Manassas. Sterry is discovered and hanged as a Union spy. on MIDDLEBURG and O ld D Aug. 29 –30 Second Battle of Manassas (Bull Run). Gen. Pope’s Union army suffers 713 omin ion a decisive defeat but retires across Bull Run in good order. Total casualties exceed 615 Mt. Zion Church Bi D ke 25,000, and the stage is set for Gen. Robert E. Lee’s invasion of Maryland. ULLE T S TOLL RD. ra To Route 81 50 Dulles International Airport il 495 123 Sept. 1 Union troops retreating from Second Manassas clash with Stonewall Fort Marcy (5 miles to Front Royal) Delaplane Ewell’s 28 Arlington House, pre-war home Jackson’s infantry in the Battle of Chantilly (Ox Hill). Union Gens. Philip Kearney Rectortown 626 National Park Service and Isaac Stevens are killed. 713 Chapel Freeman of Robert E. Lee. Markham Store/Museum Sept. 2 Col. Thomas Munford’s 2nd Virginia Cavalry routs a Federal force composed 710 Fort Ethan Allen WASHINGTON DC of Cole’s Maryland Cavalry and the Loudoun Rangers at Mile Hill, Loudoun County. Piedmont (Ma Fort C.F. Smith nas p RR) 55 Station Oct. 15 The City of Alexandria leases land to the Federal government for 999 years sas Ga Civil War Arlington 15 Sully ARLINGTON for the Alexandria National Cemetery. Fortification National Cemetery/ Plantation Cherry Hill Arlington House Nov. 7 –11 Following the Antietam Campaign, Gen. George B. McClellan is relieved VIENNA Ford’s Theatre from command at Rectortown in Fauquier County and is replaced by Gen. Ambrose FALLS 66 Burnside. McClellan holds his final review of Union troops near Warrenton and 66 Marshall National Historic Site Salem 55 CHURCH departs from Warrenton Junction (Calverton). THE PLAINS Taylor’s Tavern 50 Dec. Confederate cavalry under Gens. Wade Hampton and J.E.B. Stuart conduct Chantilly 50 Freedman’s raids on Union garrisons at Dumfries and Occoquan. Hampton briefly occupies the Fauquier County Court House in Warrenton, August 1862. (Ox Hill Battlefield) Village towns, capturing prisoners, horses, and supplies. FAIRFAX 7 Ronald Reagan 245 29 Washington Fairfax National Airport # 186 3 # Court House 66 Centreville Feb. Union army bakers in Alexandria set a record by producing 114,500 rations Manassas (Old Stone Church) Fairfax Fort Ward of bread in a single day. National Museum 236 Thoroughfare Gap 55 Battlefield Park Mar. 9 Lt. John S. Mosby and 29 of his Rangers undertake one of the war’s most HAYMARKET 66 ALEXANDRIA daring guerrilla exploits when they slip through Union lines to capture Gen. Edwin St. Mary’s Stoughton at Fairfax Court House. Besides Stoughton, the Rangers escape with Blackburn Ford Fairfax Church 395 32 prisoners and 58 horses, without firing a shot or losing a man. Museum Mitchell’s Station FAUQUIER Ford Mar. 17 Gen. William Averell’s Union cavalry raid Kelly’s Ford on the Rappahan - 15 ANOR DR. Alexandria (M SUDLEY M 95 nock River. Though Averell fails to destroy Confederate Gen. Fitzhugh Lee’s cavalry, 29 Gainesville an McLean National Cemetery as Ben Lomond Lake Union horsemen show growing parity with their Southern counterparts. s House 674 a Manor House FA Accotink 1 s IR Fort FA May 30 Maj. John S. Mosby’s Partisan Rangers raid a Union supply train near 17 X Surratt House G 234 MANASSAS C O Foote a U Catlett’s Station.
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