Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Palaeontological Overview TMX - Anchor Loop Project November 2005
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Prior to fieldwork, a literature survey was conducted to identify potential areas of palaeontological interest to Parks Canada, BC Parks and to the Geological Survey of Canada. Both the Existing and Proposed routes as well as the access roads were assessed and two areas were highlighted for thorough examination. These areas are from KP/KL 312 to KP/KL 318 for the potential Upper Cretaceous fossils, and between KP/KL 349 and KP/KL 351 for the potential Devonian Carboniferous fossils.
The area between Hinton and Kia Nea Lake (KP/KL 310.1 to KP/KL 321) is underlain by the Brazeau Formation and previous work conducted within this formation has discovered plant macrofossils and fresh water turtles. These formations are not well exposed along the Proposed and Existing routes; however, exposures adjacent to the routes indicate that they are close to the surface and will likely be intersected during trenching.
The area from Jasper townsite west is underlain by Precambrian strata and is, therefore, unfossiliferous except for possible Holocene vertebrates. Much of the Local Study Area (LSA) is underlain by Pleistocene outwash gravels and Holocene terrace gravels and loess.
The only fossils observed during the field survey were in the bedrock between KP/KL 349 and KP/KL 351. Here strata of the Palliser, Banff, Ranger Canyon and Mowitch formations will be impacted. In the area of proposed access road widening along Celestine Lake Road in Jasper National Park, outcrops of the Banff Formation are extremely fossiliferous with extensive beds of crinoid ossicles, brachiopods, solitary and colonial corals and fenestrate bryozoans.
No fossils were found that required removal prior to construction. However, it is recommended that:
1. The area between KP/KL 310.1 and KP/KL 318 should be monitored during trenching to assess the palaeontological potential of the Upper Cretaceous Brazeau-Coalspur formations (formerly Brazeau to Horseshoe Canyon Formation) which elsewhere is rich in plant macrofossils and is known to yield a diverse vertebrate, invertebrate and plant macrofossil suite. 2. Both the road widening along Celestine Lake Road and the selected route be monitored during construction for potential fossils between KP/KL 349.5 and KP/KL 350.5. If valuable fossils are uncovered, detailed sections should be drafted of these strata as the fresh exposures will provide complete sections of the Palliser to Mowitch Formation. The lithological description and microfossil analysis (conodonts, forams) of these drafts could provide future reference samples for interested researchers.
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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Palaeontological Overview TMX - Anchor Loop Project November 2005
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... I 1.0 INTRODUCTION...... 1 1.1 Route Options ...... 1 2.0 APPROACH ...... 1 3.0 BACKGROUND ...... 2 4.0 QUATERNARY DEPOSITS (KP/KL 310.1 TO KP/KL 468) VARIABLY PRESENT ALONG THE ROUTES ...... 2 4.1 Palaeontology ...... 3 4.2 Recommendations ...... 3 5.0 UPPER CRETACEOUS STRATA (KP/KL 310.1 TO KP/KL 321) ...... 3 5.1 Palaeontology ...... 3 5.2 Recommendations ...... 4 6.0 DEVONIAN – MISSISSIPPIAN – PERMIAN STRATA (KP/KL 349 TO KP/KL 350.6)...... 4 6.1 Palliser Formation (Upper Devonian, Famenian) ...... 4 6.1.1 Palaeontology ...... 4 6.1.2 Recommendations ...... 4 6.2 Exshaw Formation Upper Devonian (Upper Famenian to Lower Carboniferous) ...... 4 6.2.1 Palaeontology ...... 4 6.2.2 Recommendations ...... 4 6.3 Banff Formation (KP and KL 350.4 to KP/KL 350.6) ...... 5 6.3.1 Palaeontology ...... 5 6.3.2 Recommendations ...... 5 6.4 Rundle Formation (Group) Middle and Upper Mississippian (KP/KL 349.6 to KP/KL 350.3)...... 6 6.4.1 Palaeontology ...... 6 6.4.2 Recommendations ...... 6 6.5 Ranger Canyon Formation (= Greenock Formation) (Roadian-Wordian) Permian (KP/KL 350.3 to KP/KL 350.4) ...... 6 6.5.1 Palaeontology ...... 6 6.5.2 Recommendations ...... 6 6.6 Mowitch Formation (= Upper Member of Greenoch Formation of Brown, 1952) Permian (Roadian to Wordian) (KP/KL 350.4 to KP/KL 350.6) ...... 7 6.6.1 Palaeontology ...... 7 6.6.2 Recommendations ...... 7 6.7 Precambrian Strata (Hadrynian) (KP/KL 372.8 to KP and KL 460) ...... 7 6.7.1 Palaeontology ...... 7 6.7.2 Recommendations ...... 8 7.0 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS...... 8 8.0 REFERENCES...... 8
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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Palaeontological Overview TMX - Anchor Loop Project November 2005
LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Figures ...... A1 Appendix B Photoplates ...... B1
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 TMX - Anchor Loop Project...... 2 Figure 2 Geology of the Hinton to Rocky Mountain Trench and Overlay for Quaternary Geology Map (Roed 1975)...... 3 Figure 3 Quaternary Geological Map of the Hinton Area (Roed 1975)...... 4 Figure 4 Diagramatic stratigraphy and correlation of Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous strata in the western Canada Sedimentary Basin (Richards and Higgins 1988). Note that the erosional surface that eliminates the Upper Morro and Costigan members (Palliser Formation) and Exshaw Formation in the Jasper area...... 5 Figure 5 Sketch map outlining the position of Brown’s (1952) study area, Mount Greenock, Alberta (Brown 1952). Note the extent of drift covered area. The proposed pipeline is mostly within the drift covered area except south of Mount Greenock where Devonian to Permain strata are intersected...... 6 Figure 6 Range of Carboniferous brachiopods in thrust block I (Brown 1952). See Figure 5 for location...... 7 Figure 7 Range of Carboniferous brachiopods in thrust block II (Brown 1952) ...... 7 Figure 8 Ranges of Carboniferous brachiopods in thrust block III (Brown 1952). See Figure 5 for location...... 8 Figure 9 Geological map of the Jasper area documenting the presence of Precambrian strata from Jasper west (Brown et al. 1993)...... 9
LIST OF PLATES IN APPENDIX B Plate B1 View west. Outwash gravels just west of Hinton. Proposed Route will traverse these deposits to the left of the photograph. As these are Late Pleistocene deposited during initial melting of glaciers to the west there is no potential for significant fossils...... B2 Plate B2 Mudstone and sandstone of the Coalspur Formation In borrow pit adjacent to the Proposed Route at KP/KL 312.6...... B2 Plate B3 Mudstone and coal of the Coalspur Formation Overlain by Obed Till Formation exposed in a road cut adjacent to Proposed Route at KP/KL 313.6...... B2 Plate B4 Shale of the Coalspur Formation exposed along Highway 16 (KP/KL 317.2). Note the thin veneer of Quaternary sediments which indicates that bedrock will be intersected during trenching of the Proposed Route...... B2 Plate B5 View east along Proposed Route from ca. KP/KL 317.5. Note the sandstone outcrops in middle of photograph...... B3 Plate B6 View west from same position as Plate B7. Unlike the previous photo, there is no rock outcrops and it is unlikely any will be intersected...... B3 Plate B7 View east. First Paleozoic limestone outcrop on Highway 16 projected to KP/KL 323.7. Limestone surface is highly glacially polished. No fossils were found. Note: Proposed Route will not intersect this bedrock as it has been eroded on the line which is in Late Quaternary sediments...... B3 Plate B8 View east from about KP/KL 341.2. The route is generally in Late Pleistocene outwash gravels. From this point the line drops down to the flood plain of the Athabasca River...... B3 Plate B9 Typical Late Pleistocene outwash gravels characteristic of much of the Anchor Loop within JNP north of the town site. These deposits have little potential for palaeontological remains as they were deposited early in the deglaciation phase...... B4
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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Palaeontological Overview TMX - Anchor Loop Project November 2005
Plate B10 View west of Existing Route from KP 349. Outcrops on right and along the access road are Palliser Formation (Morro Member). Outcrops across the gully middle of photo are in Banff Formation capped by outwash gravels...... B4 Plate B11 View west from ca. KP/KL 349.5. Outcrops on right are in the Palliser Formation. The gully follows the erosional contact with the overlying Banff Formation. The Banff Formation is mantled by outwash gravels...... B4 Plate B12 Close-ups of Palliser along Existing Route. No fossils were found (approximately KP/KL 349.5)...... B4 Plate B13 Close-up of ichnofossils in Palliser Limestone at ca. KP/KL 349.5...... B5 Plate B14 Finely bedded lime mudstones of the Banff Formation along access road at ca. KP/KL 349.5. These beds are generally unfossiliferous but locally contain stringers of crinoidal debris...... B5 Plate B15 View north of the lower part of the middle member of the Banff Formation along the access road. These beds will be removed during road widening. They are highly fossiliferous (crinoidal ossicles, bryozoans, brachiopods and solitary and colonial corals)...... B5 Plate B16 View northwest along access road that will be widened by 5 m. Dipping beds are highly fossiliferous carbonates of the lower part of the middle Banff Formation. These strata will be removed during road widening...... B5 Plate B17 Crinoidal packstone with brachiopods on face of road cut seen in Plate B16...... B6 Plate B18 View east from about KP 350 on road access. Windy Point at extreme right. Outcrops in background are Banff Formation. Strata above the Banff are recessive and will not be significantly modified by proposed road widening. They have been and will be intersected along the Existing Route...... B6 Plate B19 Outcrop of Ranger Canyon Formation on access road. This outcrop will be cut back during road widening...... B6 Plate B20 Loess capping terrace on Snaring Road immediately west of railroad underpass...... B6 Plate B21 Coal and associated sandstone of the Nikanassin Formation ca. KP/KL 372.6. Proposed Route runs along base of outcrop. No fossils were found at this locality and it is unlikely significant fossils will be found because of the highly fractured character of the rock...... B7 Plate B22 Outcrop of the middle member of the Miette Group. These strata are Precambrian in age and are a very coarse grained feldspathic granule conglomerate (KP/KL 372.8)...... B7 Plate B23 Feldspathic granule conglomerate of the middle member of the Miette Formation (KP/KL 372.8)...... B7 Plate B24 View north from the middle member of the Miette Group to the outcrops of the Nikanassan Formation in the background. Proposed Route runs in the ditch at this locality...... B7 Plate B25 Outcrop of slate of the Old Fort Point Formation, middle member of the Miette Group. These strata are Precambrian (Hadrynian) and therefore lack megafossils...... B8 Plate B26 Close up slate of Plate B24...... B8 Plate B27 Upper member of the Miette in Highway 16. Proposed Route to the left in floodplain organic and lithic sediments of the Miette River...... B8 Plate B28 Precambrian strata at Moose Lake (KP/KL 437.2). Proposed Route will run above this outcrop in glacial outwash gravels...... B8 Plate B29 Line at access to Red Pass gravel pit at KP/KL 448.8. Line is in outwash gravels at this point...... B9
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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Palaeontological Overview TMX - Anchor Loop Project November 2005
1.0 INTRODUCTION With the TMX - Anchor Loop Project (the “Project”) Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. (“Terasen Pipelines”) proposes to loop a portion of its existing National Energy Board (“NEB”) regulated oil pipeline system (the “Trans Mountain pipeline” or “Trans Mountain”) to increase the capacity of the Trans Mountain pipeline to meet growing shipper demand. The Project involves the construction of 158 km of 812 mm or 914 mm (32-inch or 36-inch) diameter pipe between a location west of Hinton, Alberta at Kilometre Post/Kilometre Loop (“KP/KL") 310.1 and a location near Rearguard, British Columbia (BC) (KP/KL 468). The Project also includes the installation of two new pump stations at locations along the Trans Mountain pipeline, one in Alberta at Wolf (KP 188) and one in BC, at Chappel (KP 555.5), and the installation of associated aboveground facilities including block valves at several locations and a receiving trap for pipeline cleaning and inspection tools at a location near Rearguard, BC (KP/KL 468). Construction of the Project will require temporary construction camps and other temporary work yards. The Project will traverse federal, provincial and private lands, including Jasper National Park (JNP) in Alberta and Mount Robson Provincial Park (MRPP) in BC.
The Project loops only a small portion of the Trans Mountain pipeline’s 1,146 km length (Figure 1). A pipeline “loop” is a common and widely-used term describing an additional segment of pipeline parallel to and interconnected with an existing pipeline system. The construction of a loop is a method of adding capacity and operational flexibility to an existing pipeline system. The Trans Mountain pipeline system was constructed in 1952-1953. Two loops were added to the system in 1957, bringing the configuration of the pipeline system (other than pump stations) to its present state.
Construction of the Project is scheduled to commence in mid-2007 and extend until the third quarter of 2008.
1.1 Route Options Two pipeline route options were assessed in detail for the TMX - Anchor Loop Project, namely the Proposed Route and the Existing Route (i.e., the Trans Mountain pipeline). Both route options are evaluated within this report.
Known reference points along the existing pipeline system are commonly referred to as a Kilometre Post or "KP". KP 0.0 is located at the Edmonton Terminal where the existing Trans Mountain system originates. KPs are approximately 1 km apart and are primarily used to describe features along the pipeline for operations and maintenance purposes. To delineate features along the Proposed Route, the symbol "KL" or Kilometre Loop has been applied throughout this report. In locations where the Existing Route and the Proposed Route parallel one another, the symbol "KP/KL" has been used to clearly indicate to the reader that the two route alignments abut one another. Where the Proposed Route diverges away from the Existing Route, the KL symbol is used on its own.
2.0 APPROACH A Palaeontological Overview was undertaken for the TMX - Anchor Loop Project from Hinton, Alberta to a location near Rearguard, BC.
The procedures followed included:
1. Examination of the aerial photographs with the Proposed and Existing routes and access roads shown to identify potential areas of outcrop.
2. A literature search to determine if important palaeontological sites would be impacted as well as to identify the availability and location of outcrops along the Project Footprint (i.e., the area to be disturbed by construction activities) to be examined for fossils.
3. A field examination of high potential areas identified from the aerial photographs along both routes and access roads was undertaken in August 2005.
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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Palaeontological Overview TMX - Anchor Loop Project November 2005
Examination of the aerial photographs indicated that:
• there was limited outcrop along the Project Footprint;
• much of the Project Footprint was in Quaternary sediments, principally glacial till and outwash gravels;
• carboniferous strata (Palliser to Mowitch formations) would be encountered between KP/KL 349 and KP/KL 350.5;
• unfossiliferous Precambrian strata would be encountered from the Jasper townsite west to the Alberta-BC border; and
• late Pleistocene and Holocene fossils would be the only fossils encountered between the Jasper townsite and the Alberta-BC border.
All outcrops along the Proposed and Existing routes were examined and only those outcrops intersected will be discussed. Discussion of the various strata will not be in a standard oldest to youngest format; rather they will be described and evaluated in the order in which they occur, starting at Hinton and progressing westward. The sequence will therefore be:
1. Quaternary deposits
2. Upper Cretaceous
3. Devonian-Mississippian-Permian
4. Precambrian
3.0 BACKGROUND Hamilton et al. (2000) has summarized the regional bedrock geology of the Project area. Jerzykiewicz (1997) provided an overview of the local late Cretaceous stratigraphy, and Roed (1975) outlined the Quaternary geology of the Hinton area. Although the regional Palaeozoic and Mesozoic stratigraphy is present in the area, pre-Quaternary erosion along the Athabasca River has eroded the bedrock and it is now unconformably overlain by Quaternary sediments which are comprised of till, outwash gravels, eolian sands, loess and recent alluvium. The Proposed and Existing routes are to be largely constructed in the Quaternary deposits, with limited intersects of outcrops of Upper Cretaceous (Brazeau to Coalspur formation), Palliser to Mowitch formations and Precambrian strata.
4.0 QUATERNARY DEPOSITS (KP/KL 310.1 TO KP/KL 468) VARIABLY PRESENT ALONG THE ROUTES Quaternary deposits dominate the entire Project area. In the Hinton area, Roed (1975) subdivided the Quaternary deposits into the Mayherne, Edson, Raven Creek, Marlboro, Obed and Drystone Creek tills; ice contact outwash and glaciofluvial deposits; glaciolacustrine sediments; and sand dunes (Figures 2 and 3). The Obed till underlies the Proposed and Existing routes from Hinton to the Athabasca River (KP/KL 310.1 to KP/KL 330). Locally, fluvial activity has reworked the till and Late Cretaceous sediments are overlain by a thin veneer of gravel (KP/KL 312 to KP/KL 314). The till and gravel overlie Upper Cretaceous sediments of the Brazeau-Coalspur formations (Figures 2 and 3, Plates B1 to B6 in Appendix B).
From KP/KL 405.5 to KP/KL 458 the line is entirely within Quaternary sediments (Plates B28 to B29).
No outcrops are indicated on the 1:10,000 scale photomosaics between KP/KL 458 and KP/KL 468.
Outwash gravels are common along the proposed route with occurrences just west of Hinton (Plate B1) and principally within JNP (west of KP/KL 342 to KP/KL 349; KP/KL 351 to KP/KL 370 and KP/KL 375 to KP/KL 380+). These areas of outwash gravels are of late Pleistocene age (Plates B1 and B7 to B9).
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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Palaeontological Overview TMX - Anchor Loop Project November 2005
All natural and artificial exposures of these gravels were examined. In general they are boulder to cobble gravels with rare interstratified sand lenses exhibiting numerous cut and fill structures. No palaeosols were observed in any of the exposures, indicating that deposition was either rapid with no opportunity for soil formation, or that any palaeosols were destroyed during the cut and fill process.
Locally these gravels are capped by loess that can range up to 2 m thick but are generally less than 0.5 m. Thickest occurrences are close to the Athabasca River and continue to develop to the present (Plate B20).
The current Wildhay, Athabasca, Fiddle and Snaring rivers have broad floodplains with latest Holocene sediments, and therefore have no palaeontological interest. The areas from KL 332 to KP/KL 341 and KP/KL 379 to KL 434.5 are all on latest Holocene flood plain of the Athabasca and Miette rivers for example.
4.1 Palaeontology Areas of till have no palaeontological potential except where they have been eroded (KP/KL 312 to KP/KL 314) and expose Late Cretaceous sediments.
The coarseness of the gravels would preclude anything but the most resistant fossils (i.e., mammoth molars, long bones) being preserved. The fact the deposits are late Pleistocene during a major ice melting phase would provide an inhospitable environment for palaeofauna, and the absence of palaeosols would also indicate very low palaeontological potential.
Because of the low preservational potential and recent origin, the Quaternay deposits have no palaeontological potential. Organic and wetland terrains west of Jasper townsite have no potential for palaeontological specimens.
4.2 Recommendations 1. No further work is recommended prior to construction.
2. No construction monitoring is recommended.
5.0 UPPER CRETACEOUS STRATA (KP/KL 310.1 TO KP/KL 321) Although Irish (1965) mapped the area between Hinton and Kia Nea Lake (KP/KL 310.1 to KP/KL 321) as underlain by the Brazeau Formation, subsequent work has shown his Brazeau Formation to include the Coalspur Formation (Jerzykiewicz 1997 and references therein). These formations are not well exposed along the Proposed and Existing routes; however, exposures adjacent to the routes indicate that they are close to the surface and will likely be intersected during trenching (Plates B2 to B5).
The Brazeau-Coalspur interval is correlative with the Horseshoe Canyon to Scollard interval of the Drumheller area and to the St. Mary River Formation of the southern foothills. These formations contain significant vertebrate, invertebrate and plant macrofossils (Ryan and Russell 2001, Chandrasekaram 1972, Christophel 1976).
Plant macrofossils are common in the Coalspur Formation and fresh water turtles have been found in it (Hills, unpublished) along the Kakwa River. Sweet (in Jerzykiewicz and McLean 1980) reported on the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the Coalspur Formation.
5.1 Palaeontology Although exposures are poor along the Proposed and Existing routes, making assessment of the palaeontological potential difficult, significant fossils have been recovered from the area between KP/KL 310.1 to KP/KL 321, and the potential of intersecting the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary makes this an area of interest.
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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Palaeontological Overview TMX - Anchor Loop Project November 2005
5.2 Recommendations 1. No further work is recommended prior to construction.
2. Monitoring of this interval during pipeline construction is highly recommended.
6.0 DEVONIAN – MISSISSIPPIAN – PERMIAN STRATA (KP/KL 349 TO KP/KL 350.6) Strata ranging from Devonian to Permian crop out between KP/KL 349.5 and KP/KL 350.5. Formations intersected include the Palliser, Exshaw, Banff, Rundle, Ranger Canyon and Mowitch formations.
6.1 Palliser Formation (Upper Devonian, Famenian) The uppermost 20 m of the sub-unconformity Palliser Formation is intersected along the Proposed and Existing routes, but will be avoided along the access road. The formation is characterized by grey mottled dolomite with ichnofossils. No body fossils were found (Figures 4 and 5; Plates B10 to B13). This suggests that the Upper Costigan Member of deWitt and McLaren (1950) has been removed and that the sediments represent the Morro Member of deWitt and McLaren (1950). These observations conform to those of Richards and Higgins (1988), and Richards et al., (1993) who indicate that the uppermost strata of the Palliser have been removed by erosion at this locality.
6.1.1 Palaeontology Sartenaer (1969) described brachopods from the formation and Richards and Higgins (1988) commented on the conodont content of the Costigan Member (see also Warren, 1927; and deWitt and McLaren, 1950).
No macrofossils were observed during examination of the Proposed and Existing routes.
6.1.2 Recommendations 1. No further work is recommended prior to construction.
2. Collection of lithological samples be undertaken during pipeline construction for conodont and lithological analysis. These could potentially contribute to a better known age for the remaining Palliser and the duration of the pre-Banff erosion surface.
6.2 Exshaw Formation Upper Devonian (Upper Famenian to Lower Carboniferous) The entire Exshaw Formation has been removed by pre-Banff Formation erosion within the study area (Brown 1952, Richards and Higgins 1988, Richards et al. 1993). Figure 4 illustrates this unconformity from Richards and Higgins (1988).
6.2.1 Palaeontology The formation has been removed by pre-Banff erosion, therefore, there are no sediments to examine for palaeontology in the general study area.
6.2.2 Recommendations 1. No further work is recommended prior to construction.
2. No construction monitoring is recommended.
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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Palaeontological Overview TMX - Anchor Loop Project November 2005
6.3 Banff Formation (KP and KL 350.4 to KP/KL 350.6) Brown (1952) outlined the distribution (Figure 5) and subdivided the Banff Formation in the general study area into a lower and upper member. The lower member was described as unfossiliferous, moderately hard black or dark grey shales alternating with rare limestone bands. The upper member is characterized by an unfossiliferous basal unit comprised of fine-grained argillaceous limestone and an upper very fossiliferous alternating crystalline and argillaceous limestone and rare calcareous shale (Brown 1952). This area is locally referred to as Windy Point located at KP/KL 349.5 to KP/KL 349.8 along the Proposed and Existing routes.
The lower member is not exposed along the Celestine Lake Road and will probably not be within the proposed widening. It will, however, be exposed along the Proposed Route if the Celestine Lake Road is not used when crossing a gully at the contact between the Palliser and Banff formation (KP/KL 349.5 to KP/KL 350.5).
The middle member is currently exposed along the Celestine Lake Road which is to be widened. Here the section encompasses most of the lower unfossiliferous section (Plate B14) and one of the highly fossiliferous units (Plates B15 to B17).
Most of the upper part of the Banff Formation will not be impacted by road widening as it tends to weather back; however, it is continuously present along the Proposed and Existing routes. Excavation for the pipeline should expose a full section of the Banff Formation.
6.3.1 Palaeontology Brown (1952) described an extensive brachiopod fauna from the Banff Formation (Figures 6 to 8). Macqueen et al. (1972) noted the presence of echinoderms, brachiopods, bryozoans and corals. The present investigation indicated an abundance of crinoid ossicles, brachiopods, solitary and colonial corals, including Favosites and fenestrate bryozoans (Plate B17). Although bedding plane surfaces were comprised of abundant crinoid ossicles with scattered brachiopods and solitary corals, no specimens were considered of collectable quality.
The possibility of collecting large slabs for display purposes was considered, but the rock is fractured and it is unlikely that such specimens could be collected. In the absence of crinoid heads the ossicles have little or no value.
The Proposed Route intersects a full sequence of the Banff Formation and could yield significant fossils and the transition with the overlying Rundle Formation.
The widening required along the Celestine Lake Road at Windy Point will only impact on approximately the lower half of the Banff Formation, and therefore, will not provide a complete section. It will, however, provide excellent exposures and has the potential to provide large display slabs.
6.3.2 Recommendations 1. No further work is recommended prior to construction.
2. Monitoring during construction along the Celestine Lake Road and Proposed Route is recommended at Windy Point (KP/KL 349.5 to KP/KL 350.5).
3. If requested by Parks Canada and the Geological Survey of Canada, large samples should be taken for future lithological and palaeontological (conodont) analysis. Furthermore, additional collections of macrofossils could be made near Windy Point from the talus created by road and pipeline construction.
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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Palaeontological Overview TMX - Anchor Loop Project November 2005
6.4 Rundle Formation (Group) Middle and Upper Mississippian (KP/KL 349.6 to KP/KL 350.3) In the Mount Greenock area the base of the Rundle is generally massive coarse-grained limestone passing into a thin argillaceous limestone. Above this it consists predominantly of dense dark grey dolomitic limestone which weathers dark brown to light grey (Brown 1952). Brown (1952) described the brachiopod fauna of the Rundle Formation in the Mount Greenoch area (Figures 6 and 7; Plate B17). Macqueen and Bamber (1967) describe the lower Rundle Group (Livingstone Formation) as an echinoderm bryozoan limestone with calcareous foraminifera (Petryk et al. 1970) which forms prominent light grey weathering cliffs along the Bow River.
6.4.1 Palaeontology The Rundle Formation does not form good outcrops along the Celestine Lake Road, and it is unlikely that the proposed widening of the road will create any new exposures. The Existing Route traverses a sequence of limestone ribs in the formation. Running the Proposed Route along this route would undoubtedly create new exposures and possibly yield a complete section of the Rundle Group.
6.4.2 Recommendations 1. No further work is recommended prior to construction.
2. Monitoring and collection of samples during pipeline construction for lithological micro and macro- palaeontological study is recommended between KP/KL 349.6 and KP/KL 350.3. The section should be measured and location of samples noted.
6.5 Ranger Canyon Formation (= Greenock Formation) (Roadian-Wordian) Permian (KP/KL 350.3 to KP/KL 350.4) Brown (1952) described a bedded cherty dolomite siltstone, massive chert and quartzitic sandstone on the southwest spur of Mount Greenock and lying between the Rundle Group and Triassic siltstones as the Greenock Formation with three informal members. Subsequently, McGugan and Rapson (1961, 1963a,b) revisited the section and considered the lower member to be carboniferous and the middle and upper members to be the Ranger Canyon and Mowitch Formation respectively. Henderson et al. (1993) give the regional stratigraphic relationships of these formations.
6.5.1 Palaeontology This formation contains no macrofossils other than sponge spicules at all localities except in the Winnifred Pass and Wapiti Lake area where it contains abundant brachiopods of Guadalupian age (McGugan et al. 1964) and Wordian conodonts in the Banff area (Henderson and McGugan 1986). Henderson et al. (1993) state that the Ranger Canyon and Mowitch formations are Artinskian to Wordian based on the presence of Helicoprion (a shark) and that conodonts in the Mowitch Formation are assignable to Neostreptognathodus cf. sulcoplicatus of early Wordian age.
The only known macrofossils, therefore, are brachiopods and Helicoprion.
There is only a single outcropping of this formation on the Celestine Lake access road, and it is comprised of less than 5 m stratigraphic of silicified limestone. There are numerous short sections along the current pipeline (Plate B19).
6.5.2 Recommendations 1. No further work is recommended prior to construction.
2. Monitoring, section measuring and collection of samples during pipeline construction for future reference and conodont analysis should be made (KP/KL 350.3 to KP/KL 350.4).
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6.6 Mowitch Formation (= Upper Member of Greenoch Formation of Brown, 1952) Permian (Roadian to Wordian) (KP/KL 350.4 to KP/KL 350.6) Brown (1952) originally described this as the informal upper member of the Greenoch Formation. McGugan and Rapson (1963a) assigned it to the Mowitch Formation. It is comprised of light grey, fine- grained poorly bedded quartzitic sandstone with lenses of pink weathering light grey chert.
This formation is not exposed along the Celestine Lake Road and will not be when the road is widened. It will be intersected during pipeline construction adjacent to the existing pipeline.
6.6.1 Palaeontology No fossils were observed during this survey. Brachiopods, Helicoprion and conodonts have been previously recorded from this formation.
6.6.2 Recommendations 1. No further work is recommended prior to construction.
2. Monitoring of the pipeline during construction is highly recommended to obtain samples for later lithological and palaeontological analysis and to serve for future reference purposes (KP/KL 350.4 to KP/KL 350.5).
6.7 Precambrian Strata (Hadrynian) (KP/KL 372.8 to KP and KL 460) Bedrock along the route west of Jasper townsite right through MRPP and BC to the terminus of the Project (KP/KL 468) is entirely within the Miette Group. The Miette Group is subdivided informally into the lower, middle and upper Miette. Only the middle and upper Miette occur in the area of interest in Alberta (Figure 9; Plates B21 to B27). The middle Miette (Figure 9; Plates B21 to B26) is comprised of massive to graded thick bedded feldspathetic to turbiditic sandstones and conglomeratic sandstones with pelites and carbonates of the Old Fort Point Formation (Plates B24 and B25) somewhere in the middle. The upper Miette is comprised of brownish phyllite and slate with black micritic limestone interbeds (Plate B27) and contains the Ediacaran fauna of late Precambrian age (Glaessner and Wade 1966). Since its initial description of the fauna it has been described in widespread occurrences around the world and in Canada in particular (Bertrand-Sarfati et al., 1995, Africa; Brown et al., 1993, upper Miette; Ferguson and Simony, 1991, northern Cariboo Mountains; Hoffman et al., 1985, upper Miette; Teitz and Mountjoy, 1985, upper Miette; Narbonne and Aitken, 1990, Mackenzie Mountains., Canada). There is a high probability that strata containing this fauna will be intersected in the Yellowhead Lake area of BC along the rail line west of where it crosses the west end of Yellowhead Lake (Brown et al. 1993).
Full discussion of these units can be found in: Aitken, 1969; Arnott and Hein, 1986; Campbell, 1968; Campbell et al., 1973; Carey and Simony, 1985; Charlesworth et al., 1967; Javor and Mountjoy, 1976; Klein and Mountjoy, 1988; McDonough and Mountjoy, 1990; McDonough and Mountjoy, 1990; McDonough and Simony, 1986, 1988a, b; Mountjoy, 1962, 1980; Mountjoy and Forest, 1986; Mountjoy and Price, 1985; Price and Mountjoy, 1972; Ross, 1988; Ross and Murphy, 1988; Young, 1972a, b, 1979.
6.7.1 Palaeontology The age of these strata generally precludes the presence of fossils, however strata of the Upper Miette Group contains the Ediacaran fossil assemblage therefore outcrops of this group in the vicinity of Yellowhead and Moose Lakes (BC) will need to be field verified (KP/KL 412 to KP/KL 416 and KP/KL 436 to KP/KL 441).
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6.7.2 Recommendations
1. Further work is recommended prior to construction from KP/KL 412 to KP/KL 416 and KP/KL 436 to KP/KL 441 to verify the absence of Ediacaran fossil assemblage. 7.0 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS Two sections of the Proposed Route are recommended for monitoring.
The first is the Upper Cretaceous Brazeau and Coalspur formations west of Hinton for possible vertebrate and invertebrate plant macrofossils between KP/KL 312 to KP/KL 318.
The second area is the Carboniferous to Permian section on the south flank of Mount Greenoch from KP/KL 349.5 to KP/KL 350.5. This latter area could yield significant new data on the stratigraphic relationships and duration of the unconformity between the Palliser and Banff formations. Extensive lithological samples collected during construction of the pipeline would not disrupt a new area in JNP, and could provide lithological and palaeontological samples for future researchers. Such samples should be collected in consultation with Parks Canada and curated with the Geological Survey of Canada.
The area from Jasper townsite west is in Precambrian strata and has no areas of palaeontological concern in JNP. However, upper Miette Group strata containing the Ediacaran fauna occur along the CN Railway line in BC. This area will be field verified prior to construction (~KP/KL 412 to KP/KL 416 and KP/KL 436 to KP/KL 441).
8.0 REFERENCES Aitken, J.D. 1969. Documentation of the sub-Cambrian unconformity, Rocky Mountain Main Ranges, Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 6: 193-200.
Arnott, R.W. and Hein, F.J. 1986. Submarine canyon fills of the Hector Formation, Lake Louise, Alberta: Late Precambrian syn-rift deposits of the proto-Pacific miogeocline. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 34: 395-407.
Bertrand-Sarfati, J., Moussine-Pouchkine, A., Amand, B., Ait Kaci Ahmed, A. 1955. First Ediacaran fauna found in western Africa and evidence for an Early Cambrian glaciation. Geology 23: 133-136.
Brown, R.A.C. 1952. Carboniferous stratigraphy and palaeontology in the Mount Greenock area, Alberta. Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 264.
Brown, R.L., McDonough, M.R., Crowley, J.L., Johnson, B.J., Mountjoy, E.W. and Simony, D.S., 1993.
Campbell, R.B. 1968. Canoe River (83D), British Columbia, Geological Survey of Canada. Map 15-1967.
Campbell, R.B., Mountjoy, E.W. and Young, F.G. 1973. Geology of the McBride map-area, British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 72-35.
Carey, J.A. and Simony, P.S. 1985. Stratigraphy, sedimentology and structure of Late Proterozoic Miette Group, Cushing Creek area, British Columbia. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 33: 183- 203.
Chandrasekharam, A. 1972. An analysis of the megafossil flora of Genesee, Alberta, Canada. Palaeontographica, Abt. B 147: 1-41.
Charlesworth, H.A.K., Weiner, J.L., Akehurst, A.J., Bielenstein, H.U., Evans, C.R., Griffiths, R.E., Remington, D.B., Stauffer, M.R. and Steiner, J. 1967. Precambrian geology of the Jasper region, Alberta. Research Council of Alberta Bulletin 23.
Christophel, D.C. 1976. Fossil floras of the Smokey Tower locality, Alberta, Canada. Palaeontographica, Abt. B 157: 1-43.
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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Palaeontological Overview TMX - Anchor Loop Project November 2005 deWitt, R. and McLaren, D.J. 1950. Devonian sections in the Rocky Mountains between Crowsnest Pass and Jasper, Alberta. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 50-23.
Ferguson, C.A. and Simony, P.S. 1991. Preliminary report on structural evolution and stratigraphic correlations, northern Caribou Mountains, British Columbia. In Current Research, Part A, Geological Survey of Canada Paper 91-1A: 103-110.
Glaessner, M.F. and Wade, M. 1966. The Late Precambrian fossils from Ediacara South Australis. Palaeontology 9: 599-628.
Hamilton, W.N., Langenberg, W. Price, M.C. and Chao, D.K. 2000. Geological Highway Map of Alberta. Cooper, M. (Ed.). Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists.
Henderson, C.M., Bamber, E.W., Richards, B.C., Higgins, A.C. and McGugan A. 1993. Permian. In Sedimentary cover of the North American Craton: Canada; Stott, D.F. and Aiken, J.D. (Eds.). Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada, no. 6 (also Geological Society of America, The geology of North America. DNAG D-1: 272-293.
Henderson, C.M. and McGugan, A. 1986. Permian conodont biostratigraphy of the Ishbel Group, southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia. Contribution to Geology, University of Wyoming 24: 219-235.
Hills, L.V., Brinkman, D.B. and Sweet, A.R. (in prep.) Fossil turtles from the Lower Coalspur Formation, west central Alberta.
Hoffman, H.J., Mountjoy, E.W. and Teitz, M.W. 1985. Ediacaran fossils from the Miette Group, Rocky Mountains, British Columbia, Canada. Geology 13: 819-821.
Irish, E.J.W. 1965. Geology of the Rocky Mountain foothills, Alberta. Geological Survey of Canada Memoir 334.
Javor, B.J. and Mountjoy, E.W. 1976. Late Proterozoic microbiota of the Miette Group, southern British Columbia. Geology 4: 111-119.
Jerzykiewicz, T. 1997. Stratigraphic framework of the Uppermost Cretaceous to Palaeocene strata of the
Alberta plains. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 510.
Jerzykiewicz, T. and McLean, J.R. 1980. Lithostratigraphic and sedimentological framework of Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary strata, Coal Valley area, central Alberta foothills. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 79-12: 47 p.
Klein, G. and Mountjoy, E.W. 1988. Northern Porcupine Creek anticlinorium and footwall of the Purcell thrust, northern Park Ranges, British Columbia. In Current Research, Part 3, Geological Survey of Canada Paper 88-1E: 163-170.
Macqueen R.W. and Bamber, E.W. 1967. Stratigraphy of Banff Formation and lower Rundle Group (Mississippian), southwestern Alberta. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 67-47.
Macqueen, R.W., Bamber, E.W. and Mamet, B.L. 1972. Lower Carboniferous stratigraphy and sedimentology of the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. 24th International Geological Congress, Montreal, Quebec, Guidebook, Field Excursion C17.
McDonough M.R. and Mountjoy, E.W. 1990. Lucerne West-half, British Columbia (83D/15). Geological Survey of Canada. Open File Report.
McDonough, M.R. and Mountjoy, E.W. 1990. Valemount, British Columbia (83D/14). Geological Survey of Canada. Open File Report.
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McDonough, M.R. and Simony, P.S. 1986. Geology of the northern Selwyn Range, western main ranges, Rocky Mountains, British Columbia. In Current Research, Part A. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 86-1A: 619-626.
McDonough, M.R. and Simony, P.S. 1988a. Stratigraphy and structure of the Late Proterozoic Miette Group, northern Selwyn Range, Rocky Mountains, British Columbia. In Current Research, Part D. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 88-1D: 105-113.
McDonough, M.R. and Simony, P.S. 1988b. Structural evolution of basement gneisses and Hadrynian cover, Bulldog Creek area, Rocky Mountains, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25: 1687-1702.
McGugan, A. and Rapson, J.D. 1961. Permian stratigraphy and the post-carboniferous unconformity, Jasper area, Alberta. Jasper, Edmonton Geological Society, Third Annual Field Trip Guidebook: pp. 71-81.
McGugan, A. and Rapson, J.E. 1963a. Permo-Carboniferous stratigraphy between Banff and Jasper, Alberta. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 11: 150-160.
McGugan, A. and Rapson, J.E. 1963b. Permian stratigraphy and nomenclature, western Alberta and adjacent regions. Edmonton Geological Society, 5th Annual Field Trip Guidebook: 52-64.
McGugan, A., Roessingh, H.K. and Danner, W.R. 1964. Permian. In: Geological history of western Canada. McCrossan, R.G. and Glaister, R.P. (eds.). Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists: 103-112.
Mountjoy, E.W. 1962. Mount Robson map-area (southeast), Rocky Mountains of Alberta and British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 61-31.
Mountjoy, E.W. 1980. Mount Robson, Alberta-British Columbia (83E). Geological Survey of Canada Map 1499A.
Mountjoy, E.W. and Forest, R. 1986. Revised structural interpretation, Selwyn Range between Ptarmigan and High Allan creeks, British Columbia - an antiformal stack of thrusts. In: Current Research, Part A, Geological Survey of Canada Paper 86-1A: 177-183.
Mountjoy, E.W. and Price, R.A. 1985. Geology of McMurdo (west half), British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada, Series A, Map 01502A.
Narbonne, G.M. and Aitken, G.M. 1990. Ediacaran fossils from the Sekwi Brook area, MacKenzie Mountains, Northwestern Canada. Palaeontology 33: 945-980.
Petryk, A.A., Mamet, B.L. and Macqueen, R.W. 1970. Preliminary foraminiferal zonation, Rundle and uppermost Banff Formation (Lower Carboniferous), southwestern Alberta. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 18: 84-103.
Price, R.A. and Mountjoy, E.W. 1972. Geology, Banff (west half). Geological Survey of Canada Map 1295A.
Richards, B.C., Bamber, E.W., Higgins, A.C. and Utting, J. 1993. Caboniferous, Chapter 4E. In: Sedimentary cover of the North American Craton: Canada; Stott, D.F. and Aitken, J.D. (Eds.). Geological Survey of Canada 6. (also Geological Society of America. The Geology of North America, DNAG D11: 202-271.
Richards, B.C. and Higgins, A.C. 1988. Devonian-Carboniferous boundary beds of the Palliser and Exshaw formations at Jura Creek, Rocky Mountains, southwestern Alberta. In: Devonian of the World; McMillan, N.J., Embry, A.F. and Glass, D.J. (Eds.) Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 14, 2: 399-412.
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Roed, M.A. 1975. Cordilleran and Laurentide multiple glaciation, West-central Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 12: 1493-1515.
Ross, G.M. 1988. The cryptic platform to the Windermere grit system. Geological Society of America, Program with Abstract 20: A402.
Ross, G.M. and Murphy, D.C. 1988. Transgressive stratigraphy, anoxia and regional correlations within the late Precambrian Windermere grit of the southern Canadian Cordillera. Geology 16: 139-143.
Ryan, M.J. and Russell, A.P. 2001. Dinosaurs of Alberta (exclusive of Aves). In Tanke, D.H., Carpenter, K. and Skrepnick, M.W. (Eds.). Mesozoic vertebrate life. NRC Research Press.
Sartenaer, P. 1969. Late Upper Devonian (Famenian) rhynconellid brachiopods from western Canada. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 169.
Teitz, M.W. and Mountjoy, E.W. 1985. The Yellowhead and Astoria carbonate platforms in the late Proterozoic Upper Miette group, Jasper, Alberta. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 85-1A: 341-348.
Warren, P.S. 1927. Banff area, Alberta. Geological Survey of Canada Memoir 153.
Young, F.G. 1972a. Early Cambrian and older trace fossils from the southern Cordillera of Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 9: 1-17.
Young, F.G. 1972b. Stratigraphy of the upper Miette Group, central Rocky Mountains. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 72-1A: 235-236.
Young, F.G. 1979. The lowermost Palaeozoic McNaughton Formation and equivalent Cariboo Group of eastern British Columbia: Piedmont and tidal complex. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 288.
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APPENDIX A
FIGURES
Page A1
264600 314600 364600 414600 464600 514600 564600 614600
R 10 R 9 R 8 R 7 R 6 R 5 R 4 R 3 R 2 R 1 R 27 R 26 R 25 R 24 R 23 R 22 R 21 R 20 R 19 R 18 R 17 R 16 R 15 R 14 R 13 R 12 R 11 R 10 R 9 R 8 R 7 R 6 N N A A
I T 58 I
BRITISH D D I
ALBERTA I R
COLUMBIA R 0 Fort McMurray 0 E
0 T 57 0 E 9 9 3 3 M M
7 7
9 9
Dawson Creek H H 5 5 T
Grande Prairie T T 56 X F I I
MAP EXTENT S F Prince George T 55 Edmonton Hinton Stony Plain Willmore Valemount Jasper Wilderness Williams Lake Red Deer Area Obed Lake Niton Chip T 54 Provincial Park KP 173.4 Banff KP 147.1 Calgary Kamloops T 53 Whistler Merritt Wolf Vancouver Surrey Kelowna Nanaimo CANADA Edson 0 KP 188 T 52 0 Abbotsford 0 0
9 Victoria KP 228.7 9
3 US A Rock Lake - 3 2 2
9 Solomon Creek 9 5 T 51 5 Wildland Park
Hinton T 50 KP 317.7 T 49 Jasper KP 310.1 National Park KP 468.0 T 48 Mount Robson 9 Provincial T 47 0 3H 83E 0 0 0
9 Park 9 3 9 3 7 3A 83D Rearguard Wildhorse 7 8 Cariboo T 46 8 5 5 Mountains KP 476.8 Wildland Provincial Jasper Park Park KP 369.5 T 45
Mount Robson T 44 Provincial Jasper Park National Park T 43 Albreda A L B E R T A KP 519.1 T 42 0 0 0 0 9 9 3 3 2 T 41 2 8 8 5 Wells Gray 5 Provincial Park Chappel KP 555.5 TMX - ANCHOR LOOP PROJECT
White Goat LEGEND Wilderness Area Proposed TMX - Anchor Loop Hydrology
0 Existing Trans Mountain 0 0 Park and Protected Areas 0 9 Pipeline (TMPL) 9 3 3 7 7
7 New Pump Station Provincial Boundary 7 5 5 9 3A 83D Banff Existing Pump Station 83D 83C 92P 82M National Park Projection: Zone 11 - Datum: NAD83 82M 82N Hillshade: Ministry of Natural Resources Canada 2005. Finn Hydrology/Provincial Boundary: Ensight Information Services Ltd. 2005; Siffleur Government of Canada 2003, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, The Atlas of Canada. KP 612.5 Wilderness Park and Protected Areas: Government of Alberta 2004; BC Parks Victoria 2004. Area Although there is no reason to believe that there are any errors associated with the data used to generate this product or in B R I T I S H the product itself, users of these data are advised that errors in the data may be present.
SCALE: 1:1,500,000 C O L U M B I A km 0 12.5 25 50
0 (All Locations Approximate) 0 0 0 9 9
3 Blackpool 3 2 McMurphy November 2005 FIGURE 1 2 7 3739 7
5 KP 709.9 5 KP 645
264600 314600 364600 414600 464600 514600 564600 614600
00_3739_TechRep_Fig_1.mxd Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Palaeontological Overview TMX - Anchor Loop Project November 2005
Figure 2 Geology of the Hinton to Rocky Mountain Trench and Overlay for Quaternary Geology Map (Roed 1975)
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Figure 3 Quaternary Geological Map of the Hinton Area (Roed 1975)
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Figure 4 Diagramatic stratigraphy and correlation of Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous strata in the western Canada Sedimentary Basin (Richards and Higgins 1988). Note that the erosional surface that eliminates the Upper Morro and Costigan members (Palliser Formation) and Exshaw Formation in the Jasper area.
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Figure 5 Sketch map outlining the position of Brown’s (1952) study area, Mount Greenock, Alberta (Brown 1952). Note the extent of drift covered area. The proposed pipeline is mostly within the drift covered area except south of Mount Greenock where Devonian to Permain strata are intersected.
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Figure 6 Range of Carboniferous brachiopods in thrust block I (Brown 1952). See Figure 5 for location.
Figure 7 Range of Carboniferous brachiopods in thrust block II (Brown 1952)
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Figure 8 Ranges of Carboniferous brachiopods in thrust block III (Brown 1952). See Figure 5 for location.
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Figure 9 Geological map of the Jasper area documenting the presence of Precambrian strata from Jasper west (Brown et al. 1993).
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