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Understanding and Managing the Transition Using Essential Oils Vs
MENOPAUSE: UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGING THE TRANSITION USING ESSENTIAL OILS VS. TRADITIONAL ALLOPATHIC MEDICINE by Melissa A. Clanton A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Diploma of Aromatherapy 401 Australasian College of Health Sciences Instructors: Dorene Petersen, Erica Petersen, E. Joy Bowles, Marcangelo Puccio, Janet Bennion, Judika Illes, and Julie Gatti TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables and Figures............................................................................ iv Acknowledgments........................................................................................ v Introduction.................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1 – Female Reproduction 1a – The Female Reproductive System............................................. 4 1b - The Female Hormones.............................................................. 9 1c – The Menstrual Cycle and Pregnancy....................................... 12 Chapter 2 – Physiology of Menopause 2a – What is Menopause? .............................................................. 16 2b - Physiological Changes of Menopause ..................................... 20 2c – Symptoms of Menopause ....................................................... 23 Chapter 3 – Allopathic Approaches To Menopausal Symptoms 3a –Diagnosis and Common Medical Treatments........................... 27 3b – Side Effects and Risks of Hormone Replacement Therapy ...... 32 3c – Retail Cost of Common Hormone Replacement -
Pharmacological Activation of Estrogen Receptors-Α and -Β Differentially Modulates Keratinocyte Differentiation with Functional Impact on Wound Healing
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE 37: 21-28, 2016 Pharmacological activation of estrogen receptors-α and -β differentially modulates keratinocyte differentiation with functional impact on wound healing VLASTA PERŽEĽOVÁ1,2*, FRANTIŠEK SABOL3*, TOMÁŠ VASILENKO4,5, MARTIN NOVOTNÝ5,6, IVAN KOVÁČ5,7, MARTIN SLEZÁK5, JÁN ĎURKÁČ5, MARTIN HOLLÝ5, MARTINA PILÁTOVÁ2, PAVOL SZABO8, LENKA VARINSKÁ1, ZUZANA ČRIEPOKOVÁ2, TOMÁŠ KUČERA9, HERBERT KALTNER10, SABINE ANDRÉ10, HANS-JOACHIM GABIUS10, PAVEL MUČAJI11, KAREL SMETANA Jr8 and PETER GÁL1,5,8,11 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University; 2Department of Pathological Anatomy and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy; 3Department of Heart Surgery, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Pavol Jozef Šafárik University; 4Department of Surgery, Košice-Šaca Hospital and Pavol Jozef Šafárik University; 5Department for Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases; 6Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University; 72nd Department of Surgery, Louis Pasteur University Hospital and Pavol Jozef Šarfárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic; Institutes of 8Anatomy and 9Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; 10Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; 11Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, -
Essential Oil Flavours and Fragrances
Authenticating Essential Oil Flavours and Fragrances Using Enantiomeric Composition Analysis A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation by Professor RC Menary and Ms SM Garland University of Tasmania October 1999 RIRDC Publication No 99/125 RIRDC Project No UT-15A i © 1999 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation All rights reserved. ISBN 0 642 57906 7 ISSN 1440-6845 Authenticating Essential Oil Flavours and Fragrances - Using Enantiomeric Composition Analysis Publication no 99/125 Project no.UT-15A The views expressed and the conclusions reached in this publication are those of the author and not necessarily those of persons consulted. RIRDC shall not be responsible in any way whatsoever to any person who relies in whole or in part on the contents of this report. This publication is copyright. However, RIRDC encourages wide dissemination of its research, providing the Corporation is clearly acknowledged. For any other enquiries concerning reproduction, contact the Publications Manager on phone 02 6272 3186. Researcher Contact Details Prof. Robert C. Menary Ms Sandra M. Garland School of Agricultural Science University of Tasmania GPO Box 252 C Hobart Tas 7001 Phone: (03) 6226 6723 Fax: (03) 6226 7609 RIRDC Contact Details Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 1, AMA House 42 Macquarie Street BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Phone: 02 6272 4539 Fax: 02 6272 5877 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.rirdc.gov.au Published in October 1999 Printed on environmentally friendly paper by Canprint ii Foreword The introduction of international standards to quantify and qualify properties of essential oils has seen the increasing application of analytical technology. -
Estrogen Receptor Beta Is a Negative Regulator of Mammary Cell Proliferation Xiaozheng Song University of Vermont
University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2014 Estrogen Receptor Beta Is A Negative Regulator Of Mammary Cell Proliferation Xiaozheng Song University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, and the Molecular Biology Commons Recommended Citation Song, Xiaozheng, "Estrogen Receptor Beta Is A Negative Regulator Of Mammary Cell Proliferation" (2014). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 259. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/259 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ESTROGEN RECEPTOR BETA IS A NEGATIVE REGULATOR OF MAMMARY CELL PROLIFERATION A Dissertation Presented by Xiaozheng Song to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Specializing in Animal Science October, 2014 Accepted by the Faculty of the Graduate College, The University of Vermont, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, specializing in Animal Science. Dissertation Examination Committee: ____________________________________ Advisor Zhongzong Pan Ph.D. ____________________________________ Co-Advisor Andre-Denis Wright Ph.D. ____________________________________ Rona Delay, Ph.D. ____________________________________ David Kerr, Ph.D. ____________________________________ Chairperson Karen M. Lounsbury, Ph. D. ____________________________________ Dean, Graduate College Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D. Date: May 5, 2014 ABSTRACT The mammary gland cell growth and differentiation are under the control of both systemic hormones and locally produced growth factors. -
Modulation of Responses to Stress by Estradiol Benzoate and Selective Estrogen Receptor Agonists
253 Modulation of responses to stress by estradiol benzoate and selective estrogen receptor agonists Lidia I Serova, Heather A Harris1, Shreekrishna Maharjan and Esther L Sabban Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA 1Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, Wyeth Research, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA (Correspondence should be addressed to E L Sabban; Email: [email protected]) Abstract Previously,pretreatment with estradiol benzoate (EB) was found IMO, indicating an ERa (ESR1)-, but not ERb (ESR2)-, to modulate the response of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal mediated mechanism. In the locus coeruleus (LC), the rise in (HPA) axis and gene expression in several catecholaminergic dopamine-b-hydroxylase (Dbh) mRNA with both stress neuronal locations in ovariectomized (OVX) rats exposed to paradigms was abrogated in EB- or PPT-injected animals. single immobilization stress (IMO). Here, we investigated the However, WAY-200070 blocked the response of DBH mRNA role of estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, using selective agonists to single IMO but not to repeated IMO. In the nucleus of the for ERa (propyl pyrazole triol, PPT) or ERb (WAY-200070) in solitary tract (NTS), the rise in tyrosine hydroxylase and DBH two major central noradrenergic systems and the HPA axis after mRNAs with both IMOs was absent, or greatly attenuated, in exposure to single and repeated IMO.OVX female rats received EB- or PPT-treated rats. In most cases, WAY-200070 inhibited 21 daily injections of either EB (25 mg/kg), PPT (10 mg/kg), the response to single IMO but not to repeated IMO.The results WAY-200070 (10 mg/kg), or vehicle. -
Lavender Essential Oil: a Review
Australian Infection Control Lavender essential oil: a review Heather MA Cavanagh BSc(Hons) Microbiology Jenny M Wilkinson BSc(Hons)(Qld),GradDip FET(SQld), (University of Glasgow), PhD(Macq) PhD Molecular Virology (University of Glasgow), School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW PGCE (Strathclyde University) School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW Abstract Lavender essential oil is popular as a complementary medicine in its own right and as an additive to many over the counter complementary medicine and cosmetic products ' \ Indeed, products derived from the popular garden herb Lavender (Lavandula spp.) have been used for centuries as a therapeutic agent, with the more 'recent ' addition, the essential oils derived from these plants, being widely used as an antibacterial in World War I],! The oil is traditionally believed to have sedative, carminative, anti-depressive and anti- inflammatory properties, in addition to its recognised antimicrobial effects. Many of the activities attributed to lavender oil have not, however, been substantiated in the scientific literature. This is further complicated by the fact that the majority of research into lavender essential oils has been based on oil derived from English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), with little or no differentiation being made between this and other lavender essential oils. The therapeutic potential of essential oils produced from other varieties, such as L. x intermedia (lavandin), L. stoechas (French lavender) and L. x allardii, have -
Chemistry, Bioactivity and Prospects for Australian Agriculture
Agriculture 2015, 5, 48-102; doi:10.3390/agriculture5010048 OPEN ACCESS agriculture ISSN 2077-0472 www.mdpi.com/journal/agriculture Review A Contemporary Introduction to Essential Oils: Chemistry, Bioactivity and Prospects for Australian Agriculture Nicholas Sadgrove * and Graham Jones Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals Group, Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, S & T McClymont Building UNE, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-481-130-595. Academic Editor: Muraleedharan G. Nair Received: 1 November 2014 / Accepted: 10 February 2015 / Published: 3 March 2015 Abstract: This review is a comprehensive introduction to pertinent aspects of the extraction methodology, chemistry, analysis and pharmacology of essential oils, whilst providing a background of general organic chemistry concepts to readers from non-chemistry oriented backgrounds. Furthermore, it describes the historical aspects of essential oil research whilst exploring contentious issues of terminology. This follows with an examination of essential oil producing plants in the Australian context with particular attention to Aboriginal custom use, historical successes and contemporary commercial prospects. Due to the harsh dry environment of the Australian landmass, particularly to the cyclical climatic variation attendant upon repeated glaciation/post-glaciation cycles, the arid regions have evolved a rich assortment of unique endemic essential oil yielding plants. Though some of these aromatic plants (particularly myrtaceous species) have given birth to commercially valuable industries, much remains to be discovered. Given the market potential, it is likely that recent discoveries in our laboratory and elsewhere will lead to new product development. -
The Australian Lavender Industry a Review of Oil Production and Related Products
The Australian Lavender Industry A Review of Oil Production and Related Products A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation by Lee Peterson Serve-Ag Pty Ltd May 2002 RIRDC Publication No 02/052 RIRDC Project No: SAG-2A © 2002 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 0642 58451 6 ISSN 1440-6845 The Australian Lavender Industry – A Review of Oil Production and Related Products Publication 02/052 Project No: SAG-2A The views expressed and the conclusions reached in this publication are those of the author and not necessarily those of persons consulted. RIRDC shall not be responsible in any way whatsoever to any person who relies in whole or in part on the contents of this report. This publication is copyright. However, RIRDC encourages wide dissemination of its research, providing the Corporation is clearly acknowledged. For any other enquiries concerning reproduction, contact the Publications Manager on phone 02 6272 3186. Researcher Contact Details (Dr Lee Peterson ServeAg Pty Ltd PO Box 149 Glenorchy Tas 7010 Phone: (03) 6233 5522 Fax: (03) 6273 6688 Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the researcher has agreed to RIRDC publishing this material in its edited form. RIRDC Contact Details Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 1, AMA House 42 Macquarie Street BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Phone: 02 6272 4539 Fax: 02 6272 5877 Email: [email protected]. Website: http://www.rirdc.gov.au Published in May 2002. Reprinted in January 2005 Printed on environmentally friendly paper by Canprint ii Foreword Interest in growing lavender in Australia has increased significantly over the last 5 years. -
Inhibitory Effect of 17Β‑Estradiol on Triglyceride Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle Cells Is Dependent on ESR1 and Not ESR2
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS 19: 5087-5096, 2019 Inhibitory effect of 17β‑estradiol on triglyceride synthesis in skeletal muscle cells is dependent on ESR1 and not ESR2 QUAN LIU1*, RUI LI1*, GUANJUN CHEN2, JIANMING WANG3, BINGFENG HU1, CHAOFEI LI4, XIAOHUAN ZHU5 and YUNXIA LU4,6 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Class 2014, School of Pharmacy; 2Center of Scientific Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032; 3Dalian Maple International School, Dalian, Liaoning 116100; 4The Comprehensive Laboratory, Anhui Medical University; 5Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; 6Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China Received July 13, 2018; Accepted March 13, 2019 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10189 Abstract. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory note, treatment with E2 restored the expression levels of the effects and the mechanisms underlying 17β-estradiol (E2) aforementioned factors. In C2C12 cells, treatment with E2 or effects on triglyceride synthesis and insulin resistance PPT reversed the alterations induced by treatment with PA. In in skeletal muscle tissues and cells. Ovariectomy (OVX) contrast, pretreatment with DPN did not influence the effect was performed on 6-month-old female rats treated with or of PA. Collectively, E2 was able to interact with ESR1, thus without E2. Subsequently, various serum biochemical markers activating the CD36-PPARα pathway, decreasing the level of were measured. Additionally, pathological alterations of TG in the muscles and improving insulin resistance in skeletal the uterus, liver and skeletal muscle were analyzed, and muscles and C2C12 cells. the content of triglycerides (TG) in muscle was detected. -
Aroma Characteristics of Lavender Extract and Essential Oil from Lavandula Angustifolia Mill
molecules Article Aroma Characteristics of Lavender Extract and Essential Oil from Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Xiangyang Guo 1,* and Pu Wang 2,* 1 College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China 2 Department of Agronomy, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (X.G.); [email protected] (P.W.); Tel.: +86-755-2655-7081 (X.G.); +86-471-499-2944 (P.W.) Received: 16 October 2020; Accepted: 20 November 2020; Published: 26 November 2020 Abstract: Lavender and its products have excellent flavor properties. However, most studies focus on the aroma profiles of lavender essential oil (LEO). The volatiles in lavender extracts (LEs), either in volatile compositions or their odor characteristics, have rarely been reported. In this study, the odor characteristics of LEs and LEO were comprehensively investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), coupled with sensory evaluation and principal chemical analysis (PCA). In addition, the extraction conditions of lavender extracts from inflorescences of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. were optimized. Under the optimal conditions of extraction, twice with 95% edible ethanol as the solvent, the LEs tended to contain the higher intensity of characteristic floral, herbal and clove-like odors as well as higher scores of overall assessment and higher amounts of linalool, linalool oxides I and II, linalyl acetate, lavandulyl acetate and total volatiles than LEO. PCA analysis showed that there were significant differences on the odor characteristics between LEO and LEs. The LEO, which was produced by steam distillation with a yield of 2.21%, had the lower intensity of floral, clove-like, medicine-like, pine-like and hay notes, a lower score of overall assessment and lower levels of linalool oxides I and II, linalyl acetate, lavandulyl acetate and total volatiles compared with LEs, whereas the relative contents of linalool and camphor in LEO were significantly higher than that in LEs. -
Estradiol Replacement Therapy Regulates Innate Immune Response
International Immunopharmacology 72 (2019) 504–510 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Immunopharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/intimp Estradiol replacement therapy regulates innate immune response in ovariectomized arthritic mice T ⁎ Ayda Henriques Schneidera,b,1, Alexandre Kanashiroc, ,1, Sabrina Graziani Veloso Dutraa, Raquel do Nascimento de Souzaa, Flávio Protásio Verasb, Fernando de Queiroz Cunhab, ⁎ Luis Ulload, André Souza Mecawia,e, Luis Carlos Reisa, David do Carmo Malvara, a Department of Physiological Sciences, Multicentric Program of Post-Graduation in Physiological Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465/Km 07, 23897-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil b Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil c Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil d Department of Surgery, Center of Immunology and Inflammation, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA e Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, CEP 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Neuroendocrine changes are essential factors contributing to the progression and development of rheumatoid Arthritis arthritis. However, the role of estrogen in the innate immunity during arthritis development is still controversial. Estrogen Here, we evaluated the effect of estrous cycle, ovariectomy, estradiol replacement therapy and treatment with fl In ammation estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ specific agonists on joint edema formation, neutrophil recruitment, and ar- Neutrophil ticular levels of cytokines/chemokines in murine zymosan-induced arthritis. -
(Lavandula Sp.) CONTAINING HIGH QUALITY ESSENTIAL OIL in ISPARTA, TURKEY
Turkish Journal of Field Crops 2013, 18(1), 58-65 DETERMINATION OF LAVENDER AND LAVANDIN CULTIVARS (Lavandula sp.) CONTAINING HIGH QUALITY ESSENTIAL OIL IN ISPARTA, TURKEY Nimet KARA*, Hasan BAYDAR Suleyman Demirel University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Field Crops, Isparta, TURKEY *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received: 17.12.2012 ABSTRACT The research was carried out during the 2009 and 2010 growing period with the aim of determining agricultural and technological characteristics of lavender cultivars.When the agricultural characteristics of the lavender and lavandin cultivars were examined, in both years the highest fresh stem flower yield was obtained from Dutch (5467 and 8204 kg ha-1, respectively) and the highest dry stemless flower yield from Super A (1083 and 1463 kg ha-1, respectively) cultivars. The highest essential oil content in both fresh stem flowers (the first year 2.00 %, the second year 1.90 %) and dry stemless flowers (the first year 9.62 %, the second year 8.87 %) was determined from Silver. Linalool, linalyl acetate and camphor were determined as the main components of essential oil in the lavender cultivar. The highest linalool content in fresh stem flowers was determined to be from Dutch (43.3 %) in the first year and from Vera (43.9 %) in the second year. The highest linalyl acetate content from Super A (42.5 and 19.8 %, respectively) and camphor content from Super A (19.8 %) in the first year and Dutch (10.0 %) in the second year were determined. The highest linalool content in dry stemless flowers from Dutch (46.5 and 47.0 %, respectively), linalyl acetate content from Super A (32.8 and 29.5 %, respectively) in both years and camphor content from Silver (12.6 %) in the first year and Dutch (10.9 %) in the second year were obtained.