WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT – ADDITIONAL FINANCING FUNDED BY ADB

IMPROVEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY AND WASTE WATER SYSTEMS OF RA SETTLEMENTS

SOCIAL AND GENDER SURVEY PHASE I

SUBPROJECT X

Improvement of the water supply systems of Aragatsotn marz settlements: Talin town and Aruch, Partizak, Nor-Amanos, Arevut, Kanch, Hako, Sorik and Karaberd villages

Yerevan, July 2014 JINJ LLC

HGSN LLC –JINJ LLC Improvement of the water supply systems of RA settlements

STATE COMMITTEE OF WATER SYSTEM UNDER THE RA MINISTRY FOR TERRITORIAL GOVERNANCE “ARMWATERSEWERAGE” CJSC

DETAILED DESIGN

WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT – ADDITIONAL FINANCING FUNDED BY ADB

SUBPROJECT X - IMPROVEMENT OF THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN THE SETTLEMENTS OF ARAGATSOTN REGION

Contract L2860 - ICB - 1- 10

Report: Social and gender survey (phase 1)

Project director V. Hovasapyan

HGSN LLC, Design Chief Engineer A. Khachaturyan

PR Specialist H. Aslanyan

Yerevan, July, 2014 JINJ LLC

Subproject X – Detailed design 2 HGSN LLC –JINJ LLC Improvement of the water supply systems of RA settlements

Content

1. Sociological survey ...... 5

1.1 Social-demographic description of the population in the project area ...... 5

1.2 Selection method and representativeness ...... 5 1.3 Gender-age combination of the respondents and description of households ...... 6 1.4 Main income sources of the households ...... 7 1.5 Sanitary conditions in the households ...... 8 1.6 Assessment of the current state of the water supply ...... 8 1.6.1 Methods of drinking water consumption by the households ...... 8 1.6.2 Duration of the average daily water supply of the households ...... 9 1.6.3 Satisfaction with the water supply duration and quality ...... 10 1.7 Drinking water-borne diseases ...... 13 1.8 Main issues of women related to the water supply ...... 14 1.8.1 Drinking water supply in the households ...... 14 1.8.2 Main purposes of drinking water consumptions ...... 16 1.9 Payments for consumed water ...... 16 1.9.1 Frequency of payments for consumed water bill ...... 16 1.9.2 Consumed water bill amount ...... 17 1.9.3 Payments for public utilities ...... 18 1.10 Attitude towards the water metering system of the consumed water volume ...... 19 1.11 Awareness and cooperation with AWS CJSC regarding the activities directed at improvement and support of the services provided to the AWS consumers ...... 20 1.11.1 Awareness of AWS CJSC consumers about the activities of the service improvement and support ...... 20 1.11.2 Cooperation with AWS CJSC ...... 20 1.12 Results of the analyses of social-gender surveys ...... 21 Appendix 1. Social survey questionnaire ...... 22

Appendix 2. Photos of sociological and gender surveys, discussions ...... 24

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List of Tables ------

Table 1. Demographic data and household survey selection ...... 6 Table 2. Gender-age combination of the respondents ...... 6 Table 3. Means of drinking water consumption ...... 8 Table 4. Duration of water supply ...... 9 Table 5. The water supply hours and duration ...... 11 Table 6. Water quality ...... 11 Table 7. Assessment of water quality ...... 12 Table 8. Water-borne diseases ...... 13 Table 9. Drinking water provision according to the communities ...... 14 Table 10. Water absence issues ...... 15 Table 11. Water availability ...... 15 Table 12. Main purposes of drinking water consumption ...... 16 Table 13. Payment of the water bill ...... 16 Table 14. Payments for consumed water ...... 17 Table 15. The attitude of h/h not having water meters towards the installation of water meters and improvement of services ...... 19 Table 16. Awareness of AWS CJSC ...... 20 Table 17. Cooperation with AWS ...... 21 Table 18.Future cooperation with AWS CJSC ...... 21

List of Graphs

Graph 1 ...... 7 Graph 2 ...... 7 Graph 3 ...... 12 Graph 4 ...... 14 Graph 5 ...... 17 Graph 6 ...... 18 Graph 7 ...... 19

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1. Sociological survey

1.1 Social-demographic description of the population in the project area

The project covers the town of Talin, villages of Aruch, Partizak, Nor-Amanos, Arevut, Kanch, Hako, Sorik and Karaberd in the region of Aragatsotn.

The number of permanent population in the subproject area of the Region of Aragatsotn (as of January 1st of 2013) is 11412, from which 5906 are women. The number of households in the project area in the Region of Aragatsotn (hereinafter h/h) is 2648. In this area a tendency of natural increase in population number, particularly in accordance with data received in 2012, the birth number exceeded the number of death cases nu 57. The number of births was 131, and that of deaths was 74.

The presented information on demography was received from the urban and rural community authorities.

The majority of population in the communities of Arevut, Kanch, Hako and Sorik covered by the subroject are national minorities Kurds and Yezidis. In those communities livestock breeding constitutes the major part of gross agricultural crop. The population is mainly occupied by breeding large and small cattle, and poultry breeding. The issue of repairing the drinking and irrigation waterlines outstands among other main issues of the communities.

1.2 Selection method and representativeness Simple Random Sample (SRS) method of the selection has been applied for the survey, in this way each household has the same probability of being chosen at any stage during the sampling process. Based on this principle, the number of selected and surveyed households in 9 communities among the existing 2648 has been 105. The survey of information in the area of households has been made by a specially prepared questionnaire. The questionnaire is attached to the Appendix 1. The survey has been carried out by face-to-face interview method. Quantitative methods of research and analysis have been applied. Selection method

(a) Households. At the first stage of the sampling procedure the primary sampling units, i.e. beneficiary water user households were selected in each community. The SRS method of selection of households was performed. If the list of households/customers was not available, the further selection was done based on the maps of communities. In this case, the route selection method of selection of households was performed.

(b) Respondents. In each selected household the respondent (h/h member in the age group of 18+, who is the most competent regarding the issues related to the water supply, quality, demand, etc.) was selected.

The demographic data and h/h survey selection of the communities covered by the subproject if Aragaatsotn Region are presented in Table 1.

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Table 1. Demographic data and household survey selection

Survey Community h/h Population Women selection 1 Talin t. 1585 6593 3528 34 2 Aruch v 341 1230 601 14 3 Partizak v. 86 420 245 8 4 Nor-Amanos v. 214 776 391 12 5 Arevut v. 32 280 158 6 6 Kanch v. 33 280 138 6 7 Hako v. 24 375 135 5 8 Sorik v. 30 163 55 6 9 Karaberd v. 303 1295 655 14 Total in the subrpoject 2648 11412 5906 105

1.3 Gender-age combination of the respondents and description of households

In h/h 42.9% of the survey participants were men, 57.1% were women. The number of women exceeds the number of men due to the absence of men for various reasons or men being occupied at that moment. It should also be mentioned, that women associate with drinking water issues more as they deal with domestic and sanitary–hygienic needs. Gender-age combination is given in the following Table 2.

Table 2. Gender-age combination of the respondents

Age Gender Total 18-25 26-40 41-60 60 and more Male 66.7% 33.3% 39.6% 50.0% 42.9% Female 33.3% 66.7% 60.4% 50.0% 57.1% Total 8.6% 20.0% 50.4% 21.0% 100% Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

The number of members in 105 households selected for the survey was 524, 35.9% of which were women, 34.9% were men and 29.2% were under the age of 18. That is to say in each of the selected household the average number of underage was 1.46, women made up 50.7% of the adults. It must be also mentioned, that in 36.2%- of the surveyed households there were no children (under the age of 18). The average number of members of the selected families was 4.99. average number of children in the families was 2.28.

The answers of the respondents to the questions relating to their type of employment shows that 16.2% are state employees, 4.8% have their private business, 59.0% are involved in agriculture, 21.9% are housewives, 15.2% are pensioners, 3.8% are unemloyed, 1.9% work abroad.

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1.4 Main income sources of the households 15.9% of the surveyed housholds condiser their main source of income to be state and community payments, 30.9% consider their main income the one received from trade of agricultural goods and private business, 22.2% the income received from cattle breeding, 23.2% the pension and allowances, 6.3% income received from the work abroad and 1.5% other types of supports from relatives. The main sources of the income of households may be seen in Graph 1. Graph 1

Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

Data received from the survey participants give a clear image of the average monthly income of the households. The average monthly income of 1.9% of the households is up to 32 thousand drams, 12.4%-33-50 thousand drams, 46.7%- 51-100 thousand drams, 39.0%- higher than 100 thousand drams.

Approximate average monthly income of surveyed families can be seen in Graph 2.

Graph 2

Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

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1.5 Sanitary conditions in the households

In 25.7% of the households included in the subproject there is a centralized wastewater system. Only 79.4% of h/h of the surveyed communities in the town of Talin is connected to the central sewage system. The village communities of Aruch, Partizak, Nor Amanos Arevut, Kanch, Hako, Sorik and Karaberd don’t have a centralized sewage system.

The inhabitants of 29.4% of the surveyed h/h in Talin town, 100% of h/h in Aruch, Partizak, nor Amanos, Arevut, Kanch, Hako and Sorik village communities, 92.9% of h/h in Karaberd use yard toilets or have bathrooms, which are connected to the wastewater collection not septic chambers constructed in their own territory. The toilets of inhabitants in 85.3% of the surveyed h/h in Talin town community, 14.3% of h/h in Aruch village community and 21.4% of h/h in Karaberd village community are inside an apartment or a house.

As to the sanitary conditions, 100% of the h/h have toilets. According to the results of the survey, the toilets of the 76.2% of inhabitants are located outside/in the yards of the houses, and 32.4% are inside an apartment or a house.

1.6 Assessment of the current state of the water supply 1.6.1 Methods of drinking water consumption by the households

According to the results of the survey, 44.8% of the surveyed h/h covered by the subproject use drinking water from the central water supply system through house connections, 39.0% from yard taps, 1.9% from street taps, 14.3% from pulic springs. Besides the mentioned forms of the water use, 9.6% of h/h also use water from yard tap, 3.8% street tap, 12.4% public springs, and 5.7% buy water for drinking and preparing food.

97.1% of h/h in Talin town, 14.3% in Aruch village, 33.3% in Nor Amanos, 33.3% in Arevut, 16.7% in Kanch and 35.7% in Karaberd get water supply through house connections. Water from yard taps is used in 26.5% of the surveyed h/h in Talin town, 85.7% in Aruch village, 100% in Partizak, 75.0% in Nor Amanos, 66.7% in Kanch, 40.0% in Hako and 50.0% in Karaberd villages. Water from street taps is used in 66.7% of surveyed h/h in Arevut and 33.3% in Kanch villages. As a result of stoppage, interruptions, etc. of the central water supply (in case of hourly schedule) 78.6% of surveyed h/h in Aruch village, 60% in Hako, 100% in Sorik and 57.1% in Karaberd village use water from springs. 7.1% of surveyed h/h in Aruch village, 25.0% in Nor Amanos and 7.1% in Karaberd villages buy water. Means of drinking water consumption by the households of individual communities are presented in Table 3.

Table 3. Means of drinking water consumption

House Yard Street Private Public Buy Community connection tap tap chamber chamber/spring water 1 Talin t. 97.1% 26.5%

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2 Aruch v. 14.3% 85.7% 78.6% 7.1% 3 Partizak v. 100% 4 Nor Amanos v. 33.3% 75.0% 25.0% 5 Arevut v. 33.3% 66.7% 6 Kanch v. 16.7% 66.7% 33.3% 7 Hako v. 40.0% 60.0% 8 Sorik v. 100% 9 Karaberd v. 35.7% 50.0% 57.1 7.1% Total in the 44.8% 48.6% 5.7% 26.7% 5.7% subproject Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

1.6.2 Duration of the average daily water supply of the households

According to the studies, during the summer months 16.2% of households in the project area had daily water supply on average for 0-4 hours, 25.7% for 5-11hours, 18.1% for 12-23 hours, and 2.9% had water supply for 24 hours. 3.8% of surveyed households had unstable water supply, 33.3% had no water supply. Studies show, that the image of water supply changes during the winter months. 17.1% of the respondents had water supply in their h/h for 0-4 hours, 18.1% for 5-11hours, 4.8% for 12-23 hours, 8.6% for 24 hours, 32.4% mentioned unstable water supply and 19.0% no water supply at all. In the subproject h/h the average daily water supply duration in summer and winter months expressed by percentage is presented in Table 4.

Table 4. Duration of water supply

During summer months, by percentage During winter months, by percentage

Other/ Other/

Community unstable, unstable,

23 23 23

11 11 11

- -

- -

hours hours

hours

hours 5

5 no water no water

12 12

4 4 4

hours hours hours hours

- -

24 24

24 24 0 0 supply supply 1 Talin t. 35.3 50.0 2.9 11.8 17.7 52.9 11.8 17.6 2 Aruch v. 100 100 3 Partizak v. 100 25.0 75.0 4 Nor-Amanos v. 100 100 5 Arevut v. 16.7 83.3 33.3 16.7 50.0 6 Kanch v. 16.7 16.7 50 16.6 16.7 16.7 50 16.6 7 Hako v. 20.0 20.0 60.0 100 8 Sorik v. 100 100 9 Karaberd v. 42.9 57.1 50 50 Total in the 16.2 25.7 18.1 2.9 37.1 17.1 18.1 4.8 8.6 51.4 subproject Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

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The average daily water supply of the surveyed h/h is clearly presented in the table according to separate communities, the hours in summer and winter months. Water supply in separate communities has the following image:  During the summer months in Aruch community 92.9% of h/h had nonregular water supply for 2-3 hours in 10 days, and 7.1% had no water supply. In winter months 71.4% of h/h had nonregular water supply for 2-3 hours in 4 days, and 28.6% had no water supply.  During the summer months in Partizak community 62.5% of h/h had water supply for 1 hour and during the winter months water supply was carried out every other day for 1 hour.  During the summer and winter months in Nor Amanos community 100% of h/h had nonregular water supply: every other day or once in 3 days in summer and every other day in winter for an hour.  33.3% of h/h in Arevut community had nonregular water supply. During the summer and winter months 50.0% of h/h had no water supply.  During the summer and winter months 16.6% of h/h in Kanch community had no water supply.  In Hako community in summer months 60.0% of h/h and in winter months 100% of h/h had no water supply. In winter 40-50l water is distributed for drinking purposes once a week.  During the summer and winter months in Sorik community 100% of h/h had no water supply.  During summer months in Karaberd community 35.7% of h/h had nonregular water supply every other day or once in two days for 2 hours, and 21.4% had no water supply. During the winter months 21.4% had nonregular water supply, 26.6% had no water supply.

In the subproject communities water supply network is completely or partially deteriorated. That is why, there are often emergency situations; water supply is carried out with intervals. In winter months water freezes in most of h/h. It is clearly presented in Table 4.

1.6.3 Satisfaction with the water supply duration and quality

Based on the survey carried out in the subproject communities, it may be concluded, that in summer months 14.3% of the respondents were content with water supply hours and duration, 83.8% were not content and 1.9% had difficulty in answering. In winter months 20.0% of the households were content with water supply hours and duration, 76.2% were not content, and 3.8% had difficulty in answering. Satisfaction of the households with water supply hours and duration is expressed in rates in the following Table 5.

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Table 5. The water supply hours and duration

Are you satisfied with water supply hours and duration?

Yes No Difficult to answer Summer months 14.3% 83.8% 1.9% Talin t. 26.5% 67.6% 5.9% Aruch v. 100% Partizak v. 100% Nor Amanos v. 100% Arevut v. 100% Kanch v. 66.7% 33.3% Hako v. 40.0% 60.0% Sorik v. 100% Karaberd v. 100% Winter months 20.0% 76.2% 3.8% Talin t. 50.0% 38.2% 11.8% Aruch v. 100% Partizak v. 100% Nor Amanos v. 100% Arevut v. 100% Kanch v. 66.7% 33.3% Hako v. 100% Sorik v. 100% Karaberd v. 100% Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

As to the answers regarding the water quality, 56.2% estimated it as “good” with indicators 4-5. 17.1% of respondents complained about the water quality and estimated it as “bad”, with 1-2 indicators. According to them, the supplied water is dirty, has taste and smell. After rain the water flowing through the pipes is dirty and not good for drinking.

21.9% of the respondents estimated it average “3”, that is to say they were satisfied with water supply quality. 4.8% of the surveyed people had difficulties in answering. : Table 6 provides the answers regarding water supply quality expressed in percentage, and the image is presented in Graph 3.

Table 6. Water quality

Water quality indicators Difficult to 1 is the lowest, 5 is the highest answer 1 2 3 4 5 2.8% 14.3% 21.9% 34.3% 21.9% 4.8% Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

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Graph 3

Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

If we estimate the water quality supplied to the households as “bad” from 1-2, satisfactory 3, good 4-5 indicators, then according to the estimations of the respondents in the communities, we’ll get the following image (presented in Table 7).

Table 7. Assessment of water quality

Estimation of respondents, by percentage Bad Satisfactory Good Community Difficult to answer 1-2 3 4-5 1 Talin t. 97.0 3.0 2 Aruch v. 42.9 21.4 35.7 3 Partizak v. 12.5 50.0 25.0 12.5 4 Nor-Amanos v. 41.7 33.3 25.0 5 Arevut. v. 66.7 33.3 6 Kanch v. 16.7 83.3 7 Hako v. 20.0 80.0 8 Sorik v. 16.7 50.0 16.7 16.6 9 Karaberd v. 7.1 35.7 42.9 14.3 Total in the subproject 17.1 21.9 56.2 4.8 Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

Water supply quality was estimated 66.7% bad in Arevut village community, 42.9% in Aruch, 41.7% in Nor-Amanos, 16.7% in Sorik, 12.5% in Partizak, 7.1% in Karaberd. Some of the survey participants mentioned the following:

Aruch v.–“In summer there is sand, warm and rust coming with water, that is why we boil the drinking water”, “there is sediment, rust in the water, so we leave it to flow for 10 minutes to get clear and then we take water”, “the water is dirty and not possible to drink”.

Arevut v.-“the water is very dirty, if left for 2 hours a thick layer of sediment is formed”, “the water contains sand, mud, warms”. Subproject X – Detailed design 12 HGSN LLC –JINJ LLC Improvement of the water supply systems of RA settlements

Nor-Amanos v. – “It so happens that the water gets very bad quality, sewage mixes with drinking water”, “ in summer water tastes bad”, “the water comes with sediments, sand, not so well filtered; we use boiled water”, “above Sasnashen the water flow is open, thus it has tase, smell, sediment and mud”.

Partizak v.-“The water is turbid when it rains”.

1.7 Drinking water-borne diseases

Respondents are anxious about the issues regarding the bad water quality and water-borne diseases. Answers of the question “Have you had any cases of water-borne diseases in your family in recent years?” have been studied.

In the families of 5.7% of the overall subproject respondents there have been gastrointestinal diseases, in 89.5% of the families there have been no illnesses, and 4.8% have had difficulties in answering. Cases of water-borne diseases, according to separate communities, are given in Table 8.

Table 8. Water-borne diseases

Cases of water-borne diseases in the families of the participants, by percentage Community Yes No Difficult to answer 1 Talin t. 100 2 Aruch v. 14.3 78.6 7.1 3 Partizak v. 87.5 12.5 4 Nor-Amanos v. 8.3 91.7 5 Arevut v.1 50.0 50.0 6 Kanch v. 100 7 Hako v. 100 8 Sorik v. 66.7 33.3 9 Karaberd v. 92.9 7.1 Total in the subproject 5.7 89.5 4.8 Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014 As a result of deteriorated condition of the water supply internal network, frequent and long interruptions, the water quality gets worse, which may influence health of the family members. These are the causes of diseases in the opinion of survey participants. In order to prevent diseases after emergencies and water supply interruptions, participants of the survey boil the water or leave it to flow in order to be cleared. It must be mentioned, that in cases of such illnesses the majority of participants have not gone to the doctor to confirm the cause and effect relation.

1 Among 32 h/h of Arevut village 6 h/h participated in the survey. 50% relates to the 3 h/h. Subproject X – Detailed design 13 HGSN LLC –JINJ LLC Improvement of the water supply systems of RA settlements

1.8 Main issues of women related to the water supply 1.8.1 Drinking water supply in the households

One of the issues of social survey carried out in the subproject communities is to clarify the provision level of drinking water to the households in the communities. The graph of the survey data regarding answers of the respondents is presented in Graph 4.

Graph 4

Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

As it may be seen in the graph, 34.3% of h/h in the subproject communities has drinking water, 21.0% does not and 44.7% has only partial water supply. Drinking water provision according to the communities is presented in Table 9.

Table 9. Drinking water provision according to the communities Are you provided with drinking water? Community Answers in percentages yes no partially 1 Talin t. 67.6 32.4 2 Aruch v. 14.3 85.7 3 Partizak v. 62.5 37.5 4 Nor Amanos v. 100 5 Arevut v. 33.3 50.0 16.7 6 Kanch v. 66.7 33.3 7 Hako v. 20.0 60.0 20.0 8 Sorik v. 100 9 Karaberd v. 7.1 42.9 50.0 Total in the subproject 34.3 21.0 44.7 Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

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Some of the survey respondents of Talin urban community mentioned: “Drinking water is brought from private houses, drinking fountain”, and 32.4% gather water in large containers.

Based on the opinions expressed in the households, that particularly in the village communities of Sorik, Hako, Arevut, Karaberd, and partially in the village communities of Nor-Amanos, Aruch, Partizak the poor water supply causes problems particularly for women. The respondents stressed that in winter, when there is no water supply, they melt the snow to use it. In Partizak village women, men and almost all of the family members share equal parts in the issue of providing water. Some of teh survey participants in the village community of Arevut have mentioned that women carry more than 100l/day water for laundry and drinking purposes. Responses to the survey question “If required, who carries water to the households” is provided in Table 10. There is need to carry water in 64.8% of surveyed h/h. Moreover in 41.9% of the cases it is women who carry water in buckets, in 5.4% kids carry water, in 27.0% men bring water by car, and in 25.7% of the cases all of the family members carry water.

Table 10. Water absence issues

Data of the communitiy respondents (%) Women Men Children All Who carries water, if required 41.9 27.0 5.4 25.7 Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

Providing households with drinking water requires big efforts and time from women. So, some of the survey participants mentioned, that they carry water from neighbors, street and public springs located at a distance of 20m up to 300m, and men bring water by car from longer distances or on donkeys. In Karaberd community the survey participants mentioned, that they bring water from the spring of the village, and they use pond water for the cattle. Survey participants in Hako village says, that they bring water on the dunkey, or wheelbarrow from a distance of 1km. 9.5.% of the rest of respondents carry water from a distance of up to 600m, and 15.3% from a distance of 1-7km.

Study of the answers of respondents to the question: “Approximately what distance is the water brought from, if needed?” is provided in Table 11.

Table 11. Water availability

Distance of water spring from the h/h Up to 50m 50-100m 100-150m 150-200m 200-250m 250m and more Total in the subproject 4.8% 12.4% 3.8% 11.4% 7.6% 24.8% Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

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1.8.2 Main purposes of drinking water consumptions

Study of the answers of respondents to the question: “What purpose is the drinking water mainly used for?” is represented in Table 12.

Table 12. Main purposes of drinking water consumption

For drinking and in the For domestic For irrigation For cattle breeding kitchen needs 95.2% 99.1% 12.4% 52.4% Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

Survey results show, that drinking water is used for irrigation and gardening during summer months and therefore it is not sufficient for everyone. 1.9 Payments for consumed water 1.9.1 Frequency of payments for consumed water bill

98.1% of survey participants answered “yes” to the question: “Do you pay for the consumed water?”; 1.9% answered “no”.

Answers to the question “How often do you pay the water bill?” have positive attitude, as their 83.8% stated that they pay the bill every month, only 14.3% makes aunregular payments. 1.9% do not pay the bill at all, they are mainly the housholeds which dont have drinking water and bring it from public springs, neighbors or ther purchase it. The inhabitants who do not pay for the water bill are mainly from Aruch and Partizak village communities. By the way, all the villages covered by the subproject are served by AWS CJSC in wholsesale system.

Based on the answers received in separate communities, survey results regarding this issue are provided in Table 13.

Table 13. Payment of the water bill

Payments of the respondents in the communities Community for the water bill, by percentage Monthly Unsteady Don’t pay 1 Talin t. 88.2 11.8 2 Aruch v. 57.1 35.7 7.2 3 Partizak v. 87.5 12.5 4 Nor-Amanos v. 83.3 16.7 5 Arevut v. 100 6 Kanch v. 100 7 Hako v. 100 8 Sorik v. 100 9 Karaberd v, 71.4 28.6 Total in the subproject 83.8 14.3 1.9 Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn

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1.9.2 Consumed water bill amount Regarding the issue of the bill amounts in summer months 73.3% of the survey participants in the households on average has been up to 2000 drams monthly, 7.6% more than 4000 drams. Regarding the issues of the bill amount in winter months 76.2% has been up to 2000 drams, 4.8% has been 4000 drams and more. 1.9% of the surveyed households don’t make payments in summer months and 4.8% in winter months. By the way, h/h of the surveyed village communities of Aruch, Partizak, Arevut, Kanch, Hako, Sorik and Karaberd pay per capita and number of cattle on a contractual bases. The results of the survey participants’ answers to the question “How much do you pay monthly for the consumed water?” in summer and winter months are presented in Table 13, and graphics are given in Graph 5.

Table 14. Payments for consumed water

Payments in drams More than Up to 1000 1001-2000 2001-3000 3001-4000 Do not pay 4000 Summer 40.0% 33.3% 10.5% 6.7% 7.6% 1.9% months Winter 41.0% 35.2% 11.4% 2.8% 4.8% 4.8% months Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

Graph 5

Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

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If water supply services are improved in future 84.8% of the survey participants mentioned that they will pay according to the specified bills and water meter readings, 15.2% mentioned that they will pay the same bill. How much money the survey participants are willing to pay if water supply services are improved may be seen in Graph 6.

Graph 6

Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

Actually, as it can be seen from the images, if water supply services are improved, then water consumption volumes and their payments will increase. The results show that the majority of the respondents is ready to make necessary payments for the drinking water in case of improvements of water supply services.

1.9.3 Payments for public utilities Payments of the survey respondents made for the public services in the households have been investigated within the frame of the question “For which services do you pay most?”

67.6% of the households of the subproject communities don’t have gas supply; moreover Aruch, Partizak, Nor-Amanos, Arevut, Kanch, Hako and Sorik village communities 100% doesn’t have gas supply. The electricity bill is high in the 69.5% of surveyed households in summer months and in 71.4% of surveyed households in winter months. During the summer months in 1.0% of h/h the electricity and gas payments are equal. In 25.7% of households included in the subproject communities in summer months and 24.8% of households included in the subproject communities in winter months the payment made for the gas is comparatively more. In 3.8% of the surveyed households the payment is made more for the water supply.

The survey results, in accordance with gas, power and drinking water payments of the households of the respondents, calculated by the average in summer and winter are presented in Graph 7.

Subproject X – Detailed design 18 HGSN LLC –JINJ LLC Improvement of the water supply systems of RA settlements

Graph 7

Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

According to the results only, 3.8% of the respondents in the communities included in the subproject pay maximum bill for the consumed water in relation to other public services.

1.10 Attitude towards the water metering system of the consumed water volume

According to the results, 41.9% of the consumers have installed a water meter, and 58.1% don’t have water meter. In case of system improvement 93.4% of h/h not having water meters is ready to make regular monthly payments, 3.3% don’t want to pay, and 3.3% found it difficult to answer. Particularly 100% of the surveyed households in Talin town, 75.0% in Nor-Amanos village community, 16.7% in Kanch village community have water meters. There are no water meters in all the surveyed communities of Aruch, Partizak, Arevut, Hako, Sorik and Karaberd, in 83.3% of h/h in Kanch and 25.0% of h/h in Nor-Amanos. 100% of h/h in Aruch, Arevut, Hako, Sorik and Karaberd village communities, 83.3% of h/h in Kanch, 62.5% of h/h in Partizak and 16.7% of h/h in Nor Amanos want to install water meters. 25.0% of survey participants in Partizak village community doesn’t want to install water meter preferring to make the paymernt per capita. Moreover, in summer and winter months they pay up to 1000 drams. 12.5% of survey participants in Partizak village community and 8.3% in Nor-Amanos found it difficult to answer. The existing positive attitude within the population towards that system may contribute to the complete investments in the system in the project area.

Table 15. The attitude of h/h not having water meters towards the installation of water meters and improvement of services

Subproject X – Detailed design 19 HGSN LLC –JINJ LLC Improvement of the water supply systems of RA settlements

If services are improved, are you ready to install and Community make regular monthly payments? Answers in percentages. Yes No Difficult to answer 1 Talin t. 2 Aruch v. 100 3 Partizak v. 62.5 25.0 12.5 4 Nor-Amanos v. 16.7 8.3 5 Arevut v. 100 6 Kanch v. 83.3 7 Hako v. 100 8 Sorik v. 100 9 Karaberd v. 100 Total in the subproject 54.3 1.9 1.9 Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

1.11 Awareness and cooperation with AWS CJSC regarding the activities directed at improvement and support of the services provided to the AWS consumers 1.11.1 Awareness of AWS CJSC consumers about the activities of the service improvement and support Surveys have been conducted in the households in order to discover the awareness of AWS CJSC consumers regarding the activities directed at the service improvement and support. The results of the survey concerning the question “Are you aware of activities by AWS CJSC directed at the service and support of the consumers regarding?” is presented in Table 16. Simultaneously, the survey itself provided information to the consumers.

Table 16. Awareness of AWS CJSC

Activities intended to improve and support Yes No AWS CJSC consumers Hot line for consumers’ services, 13.3% 86.7% telephone number 1-71 New option for sending water meter readings through 1.9% 98.1% the 81-71 short message armwater.am internet website 2.9% 97.1% Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

1.11.2 Cooperation with AWS CJSC According to the data received from the respondents, 23.8% cooperate with AWS CJSC. Moreover, 66.7% warn against the accidents, 3.2% inform about the water consumption through short messages, 30.1% warn against the pressure fall and quality decrease of the water supply. The results of the survey carried out within the frame of the subproject regarding cooperation of AWS CJSC employees with the households is presented in Table 17. Subproject X – Detailed design 20 HGSN LLC –JINJ LLC Improvement of the water supply systems of RA settlements

Table 17. Cooperation with AWS

Warn against the accidents 66.7% Provide information on the amount of the consumed water through a short message 3.2% or the website Warn against the pressure fall and quality decrease of the water supply 30.1% Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

76.2% of the survey respondents have mentioned that they do not cooperate with AWS CJSC. The answers to the question “Would you like to cooperate in future?” are presented in Table 18.

Table 18.Future cooperation with AWS CJSC

Yes No Difficult to answer

Would you like to cooperate in future? 80.0% 10.0% 10.0% Source: Social and gender survey in the region of Aragatsotn, HGSN, 2014

Some of the survey respondents don’t want further cooperation with AWS CJSC as “the emergency accidents are mainly eliminated by means of the inhabitants”, “problems are solved with the head of the village”. But what encourages is that the majority of the respondents are ready to further cooperation with AWS CJSC. The mentioned opinions may be useful for the development of water supply designs of the area and cooperation development with ASW CJSC consumers.

1.12 Results of the analyses of social-gender surveys As a result of social-gender survey several issues have been specified, regarding which additional information will be provided during the public awareness campaign.

The main issues are the following:

o Provision of water supply o Water supply duration and interruption

o Waste water removal

o Water supply bill

o Water quality o Not satisfactory cooperation level with AWS CJSC

Subproject X – Detailed design 21 HGSN LLC –JINJ LLC Improvement of the water supply systems of RA settlements

Appendix 1. Social survey questionnaire гí»Éí³Í 1.êáóÇáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý ѳñóÙ³Ý Ñ³ñó³Ã»ñÃÇÏ

1. гñóíáÕÇ µÝ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý í³ÛñÁ` Ù³ñ½, ù³Õ³ù/ ·ÛáõÕ Place of respondent’s residence –marz, town/village

2.гñóíáÕÇ ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ Personal data of the respondent 2.1 гñóíáÕÇ ³ÝáõÝ ³½·³ÝáõÝ Full name of the respondent

2.2 гñóíáÕÇ ë»éÁ ²ñ³Ï³Ý Æ·³Ï³Ý Sex of the respondent Male Female 2.3 гñóíáÕÇ ï³ñÇùÁ 18-25 26-40 41-60 61-Çó µ³ñÓñ, Age of the respondent more than 61 2.4 ÀÝï³ÝÇùÇ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ 1-2 3-4 5-6 ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ more than 7 Number of family members 2.5 ÀÝï³ÝÇùáõÙ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ ÎÇÝ îÕ³Ù³ñ¹ ºñ»Ë³ ù³Ý³ÏÁ Áëï ë»éÇ Female Male Child Family members by gender 2.6. гñóíáÕÇ ½µ³Õí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý µÝáõÛÃÁ Respondent’s type of employment سëݳíáñ ¶ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõ îݳÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÑÇ ä»ï³Ï³Ý/ гٳÛÝù³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ Ý Housewife ѳٳϳñ·Ç ³ß˳ïáÕ Private Agriculture ²ÛÉ /Other State/ Community employee entrepreneur 3. ÀÝï³ÝÇùÇ »Ï³ÙïÇ ³ÕµÛáõñÁ Family income source

ì³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ ºÏ³Ùáõï Ù³ëݳíáñ Âáß³Ï/ Ýå³ëï ²ñﳷݳ ³ß˳ï³Ýù ²ÛÉ /Other Remuneration ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÇó/·Ûáõ Pension/ social go off in search of a living Õ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÇó benefits Income from private activity/agriculture 4. ÀÝï³ÝÇùÇ Ùáï³íáñ »Ï³ÙáõïÁ / ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù Approximate family income / AMD ÙÇÝ㨠32 000 33 000-50 000 51 000-100 000 100 000-Çó µ³ñÓñ Up to 32 000 More than 100 000 5. ²å³Ñáíí³Í »ù ³ñ¹Ûá±ù ËÙ»Éáõ çñáí Are you provided with drinking water ? ²Ûá/ Yes àã /No سë³Ùµ/partially 6. ÆÝã± Ýå³ï³Ïáí »ù ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ ËÙ»Éáõ çáõñÁ What is the main purpose of using drinking water? ÊÙ»Éáõ ¨ λÝó³Õ³ÛÇÝ àéá·Ù³Ý ²Ý³ëݳå³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý ²ÛÉ/Other ËáѳÝáóÇ Ï³ñÇùÝ»ñÇ Irrigation animal husbandry Drinking household needs 7. ÐÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ ËÙ»Éáõ çñ³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý á±ñ Ó¨Çó »ù û·ïíáõÙ Mainly what form of drinking water supply do you use? îݳÛÇÝ ´³Ï³ÛÇÝ öáÕáó³ÛÇÝ ê»÷³Ï³Ý çñÑáñ гë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý æáõñÁ ·ÝáõÙ »Ù Íáñ³Ï Íáñ³Ï Íáñ³Ï Bore well of public use çñÑáñ/³ÕµÛáõñ Purchase of water In-house tap In-yard tap Public tap Public borewell/spring 8.ØÇçÇÝ ûñ»Ï³Ý çñ³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý ï¨áÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ Average daily water supply duration

8.1²Ù³é³ÛÇÝ ³ÙÇëÝ»ñÇÝ 0 – 4 5 – 11 ų٠12 – 23 24 ²ÛÉ Summer ų٠hour ų٠ų٠/Other hour hour hour 8.2 ÒÙ»é³ÛÇÝ ³ÙÇëÝ»ñÇÝ Winter

Subproject X – Detailed design 22 HGSN LLC –JINJ LLC Improvement of the water supply systems of RA settlements

9.²ñ¹Ûá±ù Ò»½ µ³í³ñ³ñáõÙ »Ý çñ³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý Å³Ù»ñÝ áõ ï¨áÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ Are you satisfied with water supply hours and duration? 9.1 ²Ù³é³ÛÇÝ ³ÙÇëÝ»ñÇÝ ²Ûá/ Yes àã /No ¸Åí³ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ù å³ï³ëË³Ý»É Summer Difficult to answer 9.2 ÒÙ»é³ÛÇÝ ³ÙÇëÝ»ñÇÝ ²Ûá/ Yes àã /No ¸Åí³ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ù å³ï³ëË³Ý»É Winter Difficult to answer 10. ²ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ îî-áõÙ áíù»±ñ »Ý çáõñ ÏñáõÙ / Who brings water if required

γݳÛù / Women îÕ³Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ / Men ºñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ / Children ´áÉáñÁ / Everybody 11. Øáï³íáñ³å»ë áñù³±Ý Ñ»é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¿ Ñ³ñÏ »Õ³Í ¹»åùáõÙ çáõñÁ µ»ñíáõÙ / What is the distance of the source of brought water ØÇÝ㨠50Ù 50-100 Ù/m 100-150Ù/m 150-200Ù/m 200-250Ù/m ²ÛÉ /Other Up to 50m 12.ì׳ñáõÙ »ù ³ñ¹Ûá± ù ëå³é³Í çñÇ ¹ÇÙ³ó Do you pay for consumed water? ²Ûá/ Yes àã /No ¸Åí³ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ù å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ/ Difficult to answer 13.êå³é³Í çñÇ ¹ÇÙ³ó ÙÇçÇÝáõÙ ³Ùë³Ï³Ý áñù³Ý ·áõÙ³ñ »ù í׳ñáõÙ – ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù How much do you pay per month for consumed water? ²Ù³é³ÛÇÝ ³ÙÇëÝ»ñÇÝ ÒÙ»é³ÛÇÝ ³ÙÇëÝ»ñÇÝ Summer Winter 14. ÆÝã ѳ׳˳ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ »ù í׳ñáõÙ çñÇ í³ñÓÁ What is the frequency of paying water bill? ²Ùë³Ï³Ý / Per month ²ÝϳÝáÝ/ Irregularly â»Ù í׳ñáõÙ/ I do not pay

15. æñ³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ ³Ùë³Ï³Ý áñù³±Ý »ù å³ïñ³ëï í׳ñ»É – ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù How much are you ready to pay in case of improving water supply services/AMD?

______ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù/AMD

16. î»ÕÛ³Ï »ù ³ñ¹Ûá±ù ÐæÎ ö´À µ³Å³Ýáñ¹Ý»ñÇ ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý µ³ñ»É³íÙ³ÝÝ ¨ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³ÝÝ áõÕÕí³Í ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÇó Are you informed on the AWSC activities directed at improvement and support provided to the customers? ´³Å³Ýáñ¹Ý»ñÇ ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý 81-71 ϳñ× Ñ³Õáñ¹³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí armwater.am ÇÝï»ñÝ»ï³ÛÇÝ Ï³Ûù/ ûŠ·ÍÇ 1-71 çñ³ã³÷Ç óáõóÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ÷á˳ÝóÙ³Ý armwater.am web site Ñ»é³Ëáë³Ñ³Ù³ñ/ Custemers Ýáñ ï³ñµ»ñ³Ï/ service hot line 1-71 New option on providing water meter readings through the message 81- 71

²Ûá/ Yes àã /No ²Ûá/ Yes àã /No ²Ûá/ Yes àã /No

17. ²ñ¹Ûá±ù ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÙ »ù ÐæÎ-Ç Ñ»ï Do you cooperate with AWSC? ºÃ» ³Ûá, ³å³ Ýß»ù ëïáñ¨ µ»ñí³Í ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ ºÃ» áã, ³å³ Ïó³ÝϳݳÛÇù If Yes, mention one of the following options ѳٳ·áñͳÏó»É ѻﳷ³ÛáõÙ If No, are you willing to cooperate in the future ? ²Ñ³½³Ý·áõÙ êå³é³Í çñ³ù³Ý³ÏÇ ²Ñ³½³Ý·áõÙ »ù ²Ûá/ Yes »ù íóñÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ï»Õ»Ï³óÝáõÙ »ù Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñíáÕ çñÇ ×ÝßÙ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É/ ϳñ× ³ÝÏÙ³Ý, áñ³ÏÇ àã, å³ï׳éÁ/ No, the reason Informign about ѳÕáñ¹³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Ù í³ïóñ³óÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ/ accidents ÇÝï»ñÝ»ï³ÛÇÝ Ï³ÛùÇ Informing about pressure fall of ÙÇçáóáí/ supplied water, quality decrease ¸Åí³ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ù å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ/ Informing on consumed Difficult to answer water through message or website 18*. êáíáñ³µ³ñ, îî-áõÙ áí ¿ ³Ñ³½³Ý·áõÙ çñÇ Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É / Who alarms on the water issues in the household? γݳÛù/ Women îÕ³Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ/ Men ²ÛÉ /Other 19. àõÝ»ù ³ñ¹Ûáù çñ³ã³÷ Do you have a water meter installed? ²Ûá/Yes àã /No

Subproject X – Detailed design 23 HGSN LLC –JINJ LLC Improvement of the water supply systems of RA settlements

20. ̳é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ å³ïñ³ëï »ù ï»Õ³¹ñ»É çñ³ã³÷ ¨ å³ñï³×³Ý³ã ϳï³ñ»É ³Ùë³Ï³Ý í׳ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ Are you ready to install water meter in case of improving water supply services and pay regularly? ²Ûá/Yes àã /No ¸Åí³ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ù å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ/ Difficult to answer 21. ²ñ¹Ûá±ù Ò»½ µ³í³ñ³ñáõÙ ¿ çñ³Ù³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý Í³é³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý áñ³ÏÁ / Are you satisfied with water services provided? ²Ûá/Yes àã /No ¸Åí³ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ù å³ï³ëË³Ý»É / Difficult to answer 22.²ñ¹Ûá±ù Ò»½ µ³í³ñ³ñáõÙ ¿ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñíáÕ çñÇ áñ³ÏÁ Are you satisfied with supplied water quality? ¸³ë³Ï³ñ·»É 1-5, áñï»Õ 1-Ý ³Ù»Ý³ó³Íñ, ÇëÏ 5-Ý ¸Åí³ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ù å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ/ ³Ù»Ý³µ³ñÓñ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ ¿ Difficult to answer [ ] [ ] Classify 1-5, where 1is poorest and 5is the best water quality criteria 23.ì»ñçÇÝ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ Ò»ñ ÁÝï³ÝÇùáõÙ »Õ»É »Ý ³ñ¹Ûá±ù çñÇ ÙÇçáóáí ÷á˳ÝóíáÕ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·ñ³ÝóÙ³Ý ¹»åù»ñ Have any cases of water borne diseases been reported over the last years? ²Ûá/Yes àã /No ¸Åí³ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ù å³ï³ëË³Ý»É / Difficult to answer 24. à±ñ ͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï »ù í׳ñáõÙ What are the services you pay more? ´Ý³Ï³Ý ·³½ ¾É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ æáõñ Natural gas Electricity Water 25**. ²ñ¹Ûá±ù Ùdzó³Í »ù Ï»Ýïñáݳóí³Í ÏáÛáõÕáõ ѳٳϳñ·ÇÝ Are you provided with centralized sewerage system? ²Ûá/Yes àã /No سë³Ùµ/ partially 26. ÆÝã ïÇåÇ ½áõ·³ñ³ÝÇó »ù û·ïíáõÙ / What type of lavatory do you use? ÞÇÃáí ½áõ·³ñ³Ý µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÇ Ý»ñëáõÙ ´³Ï³ÛÇÝ ãáñ ½áõ·³ñ³Ý/ ²ÛÉ /Other Flash toilet in the flat Yard toilet

Appendix 2. Photos of sociological and gender surveys, discussions

Social survey in Talin town

Subproject X – Detailed design 24 HGSN LLC –JINJ LLC Improvement of the water supply systems of RA settlements

Bringing drinking water, social survey in Arevmut village

Discussions, social surveys in Hako village

Social survey in Partizak village Social survey in Kanch village

Subproject X – Detailed design 25 HGSN LLC –JINJ LLC Improvement of the water supply systems of RA settlements

Social survey in Aruch village Social survey in Nor Amanos village

Social survey in Sorik village Social survey in Karaberd village

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