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RICARDO PALMA's Treatisifp of 0® VICEROYS Luoillo E. Durzo a Thesis Submitted to Tho Faculty of the Department of Latln-Amerl

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RICARDO PALMA's Treatisifp of 0® VICEROYS Luoillo E. Durzo a Thesis Submitted to Tho Faculty of the Department of Latln-Amerl Ricardo Palma's treatment of the Viceroys Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Durzo, Lucille Eleanor, 1920- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 09/10/2021 08:27:30 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/553708 RICARDO PALMA’S TREATISIfP OF 0 ® VICEROYS W Luoillo E. Durzo A Thesis submitted to tho faculty of the Department of Latln-Amerlcan Cultures In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In the Graduate College University of Arizona 19 4 7 Approved L 4 . 4 -*—*-- *'V' v . ' - - » ' . - . > % ... ;%.v \ : ". • * ?■ t X .;T % * ' .^v • , > i i ‘i; . !. > : - :»• J i ■ ■ vt ' ' v • ;> , » / j X ■ ■• V' , * ,4 r . « K .:' ' fv . • - '* t " •' . •■ ' % * • v . * - ; * f «■* ♦ - «. ■> - X e * '• *" • : .■ ) ' A ■ f ¥ \ :jv )- ■ _,.w ‘ j 3R A £ 9 7 9 / '9V7 /o <Zc TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page INTRODUCTION............................ It I. LICENTIATE CRIOTOBAL VACA ESS CASTRO........ 1 II. VICEROY BLASCO NUJCr, DE T LA.............. 12 III. LICENTIATE PEDRO DE LA C.ASCA.............. 25 IV. VICEROY DON ANTONIO BE ' 7’NDOZA.. ........... 39 V. VICEROY DON A!' ' HURTADO D1 FIRST K ' : DON L<f , , 1 ; LICENTIATE DON LOPEZ GARCIA DS CASTRO... hi VI. VICEROY DON FRANCISCO DE TOLEDO............ 59 VII. VICEROY MARTIN ENRIQUE DE ALMAN3A.......... 68 VIII. VICEROY DON FERNANDO DE TORRES Y PORTUGAL, CONDE DE VILLARDOMPARDO................ 70 . SECOND lAR X 'S DE C-U.'ETB............... 72 X. VICEROY DON LOIS BE VKLAZOO, MARQUES DE SALINAS................................. 77 XI. VICEROY DON CASPAR DE ZUlTlGA, CONDE DE MONTERREY............................... 79 XII. VICEROY ,0:’ JUAN DE IENDOZA Y LUNA, MAR JU.3 DE M0NTE3CLAR0S................ 81 XIII. VICEROY DON FRANCISCO DE BORJA Y ARAGON, PRINCIPE DS BSQUILACKE................. 85 XIV. V Y QON DIEGO Y ' DRZ DS CORDOBA, MARQUES DS GUAQALCAZAR................. 91 ^183249 Chapter Pag® Z7. VICEROY DON LITIS JERONIMO FERNANDEZ 33E ■ ---- OASREBA Y . B A M D i m Y M M X ) 2 A # OOHD2 ■ - DS CHIHCHON,•* t••«••••••«•*•.••••••••••« 95 XVI. VICEROY T}On PEDRO DE TOUCDO Y LEYVA, • ^ MARQUES D1 M A N O K R A . 99 XVII. VICEROY DON GARCIA Di SOTOMAYOR, CONDI DE SjXLVATIERRA. ......................... 103 XVIII. VICEROY DON LUIS HBMRiqUEZ DE GUZMAN, C O m E DE ALBA DE LISTE. ........ ......... 106 •XIX. VTOEROY DON DIEGO DE B1MVIDES Y DI M CUEVA, CONDEDESAHYISTEBAir DEL PUERTO.. 113 • XX. VICEROY DON FERNANDEZ DE CASTRO Y ANDRADE,. CONDI DE LZM03........... ........,....,. 116 XXI. VICEROY DON BALTA3AR DE L A •CUEVA, CONDI DE CASTELLAS............................ 126 XXII. VICIROY DON MELCHOR DE LINAN Y CISNEROS.... 132 XXIII. V I C m O Y DON MELCHOR DE NAVARRA Y ROCAFULL, DUqUE DE LA PALATA...................... 136 XXIV. VICEROY DOM MELCHOR PORTOCARRKRO LAZO DE LA VEGA, CONDI DE LA MMCLOVA........... 145 )%V. VICEROY QON MTiNUEL OKSJS DE .SANTA PAU, MARqUES DE CASTEL-DOS-RIUS.............. 149 XXVI. VICEROY DON DIEGO LADRON DE GUEVARA........ 154 XXVII. VICEROY DON D H G O MORCILLO AND VICEROY D01J CARMINE NICOLAS CARACCIOLO, PRINCIPE DE SANTO BUONO................ 157 XXVHI. VICEROY DON JOSE DE ARMENDARIS, MARQUES DE CASTEIZUERTE.... 160 XXIX. VICEROY DON JOSE DE,MENDOZA CAAMANO Y SOTOMAYOR, MARqtES DE VILLAGARCIA...... 168 XXX. VICEROY DON JOSE MAN30 DE VELASCO, CONDS DE SUPERUNDA.......... ......... 171 11 Chapter Pag® x m * vioBRoy d o n m m t o e l a m a t y JuiaET............ 178 x m i . nomai d o n m a n d e l d e ouinidR............. 184 x m i l . VICEROY IX)N ACTOflN DS JAmEGDI*............ 188 XXHV. VICEROY DON TEODORO DE CROIX................ 191 XXXV. VICEROY FREY FRANCISCO OIL DE TABOADA, LEM03 Y VULAMARIN....................... 196 X5DCVI. VICEROY DON AMBR03I0 0 *HIOGINS, MARQUES DE 030RN0,...... .................... 199 " -■ ■ • z . XXXVII, VICEROY DON GABRIEL DE AVILES Y FIERRO, MARQTES DE AVllts..... ............... 203 XXXVIII. VICEROY DON JOSE FERNANDO DE ABA3CAI,, : MARQUES BE LA CONCCHmiA.................. 206 XXXIX. VICEROY DON JOAQUIN DS LA PE2UELA Y SANCHEZ, MARQUES DE VILUMA........... 210 XL. VICEROY DON JOsf DE LASEBIA.... 214 XLI. CONCLUSION,................................. 216 BIBLIOGRAPHY................... 219 111 INTRODUCTION Beoause of his 'originality and produetlvity, Ricardo Palma is the greatest writer that Peru has produced and its finest representative of her national characteristics. ' . ’ . - P a l m is one of the most important writers in Spanish- Amrioan literature • In his Tradiolonea Peruanaa. he offers a new type of literature, midway between the realistic novel and sober history. Palma is thoroughly Peruvian and limenb in his sprightly wit, in his ironic subtlety, and in his natural tendency to jest at anything and everything. It is in Palma, the tradioionlsta. that we find the happy combination of the best that was In him as poet, historian, archeologist, and genial critic of life and of literature. He was keenly.interested in the social and political life of Peru from the earliest times down to his own day. Ho familiarized himself with all the available documents in print or in manuscript, and with the creative imagination of a poet he converted the dry and lifeless " ' • < . '■ ' details that he gained by careful historical and archeo­ logical research into hundreds of living pictures. Tradlolon as used by Palma cannot be translated by tradition. It Is difficult to define It, but here Is how the author himself defines it: Basically the Tradicion is a form of history, but without the difficulties of the latter, without using Imagination, and evaluates it from the social point of view with impartiality of judgment and elevation of purpose. The limits of the Tradicion are less rigorous. In the Tradlol&n only a small base of the truth is needed, anil a castle can be built. Tho tradlolonlsta must bo a poet, and a dreamer, Tifhe historian a man of reason and reality, A writer of Tradloiones not only must give them local color, but must even sacrifice the language, whenever the opportunity necessitates- It, from the pure Castilian, to have his char­ acters speak the colloquial language, A light style, perfect phrasing, moderation in descrip­ tion, rapidity in relation, presentation of people and characters with a stroke of the pen, and simple.as well as animated dialogue are essential.1 The historian Is concerned with the main current of national’life, and with the logical development of social and political Institutions; he gives his attention to events and persons of outstanding importance, and he is concerned with them only in so far as they are related to the main current of. events or to the growth of institutions or customs. 1 1, Palma, Kioardo-ttiaphrey, George. Tradiclones Peruanas. p, xvii. v Palm*s purpose was not to give the connected history of Peru. It is true that iaost of the important events of his country and native city are covered in his Trad!clones. but only incidentally, as It were. They serve mainly as the historical background for the tradlolohes. and are usually presented with concise brevity in tho distinct division of each tradioion that is historical in content. The incident, custom, legend, or anecdote that forms the nucleus of the tradioion may have to do with some important historical event or personage; but it is always treated as an ineldent or custom that is interesting in itself and not because of its relation to important events or person­ ages. ■ • , ■ ■ ■" - Palma, in his historical research and archeological investigations, always sought out the human-interest story that oould be expanded into a tradioion by the addition of fictitious elements. Some of his material he got from printed histories; the greater part, the small details and incidents that the serious historian overlooks or passes over consciously as matters of relative unimportance, Palma obtained from moth-eaten manuscripts and from dusty archives or from the lips of those who had gained it through per­ sonal experiences or by tradition* The scores of tradloionea contained in six large vi volumes give a complete though diaoonneeted series of pictures that place vividly before our eyes the life of Peru, and particularly of Lima, from the early fifteenth . o . century down to the war with Chile. They do not follow each other in chronological sequence, because of tho casual manner in which tho themes attracted the attention of Palm. Human frailties, rather than heroic deeds, gave him the material that he could use to best advantage. From the scores of Palma1 a tradlotones I have selected only those details which relate to the Viceroys. The ordinary historian does little more than enumerate the many Viceroys that were sent out from Spain, one after the other in long succession, with brief comments upon their good and bad points. It is here that Palma proves his originality and genius as a story teller in his ability to discover material for many interesting tradiclones. How- ever, more to his Individual taste was the eighteenth century in which his ironical skepticism, his irreverence and Voltairean wit found a perfect atmosphere. It is difficult to make a general statement regarding Palma * a method of procedure, because of the great variety of treatment. Usually tho tradlolon is divided into three or more short chapters; the first chapter introduces the historical or legendary Incident about which the author weaves his fictitious details. Then, having awakened the . vli reader^ interest, he leaves the story and in the second chapter gives a comparatively sober account of the his­ torical background of the period. It is her® usually that the Viceroy is introduced to the reader. In the following chapter or chapters, he carries the story to its conclusion, sometimes rapidly, sometimes with many digressions.
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