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Philadelphia2035: Planning and Zoning for a Healthier City

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Philadelphia2035: Planning and Zoning for a Healthier City Philadelphia2035: Planning And Zoning for a Healthier City The City’s new Comprehensive Plan and its role in improving public health December 2010 Page 2 Philadelphia2035: Planning & Zoning for a Healthier City Acknowledgements This report is made possible by funding from the Department of Health and Human Services as part of the Philadelphia Department of Public Health’s Get Healthy Philly initiative. On behalf of the entire Get Healthy Philly team, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to all of the partners in and out of city government that work alongside us to help Philadelphia become an increasingly healthy, active, and smoke-free city every day. None of the work described within this document would be possible without the tremendous leadership of those in the Philadelphia Department of Public Health who manage and coordinate the nutrition and physical activity components of Get Healthy Philly: Girid- har Mallya, Sara Solomon, and Nan Feyler. Thanks also to Health Commissioner Don Schwarz for recognizing the vital importance of planning and zoning in the context of public health. Many thanks are also due to Get Healthy Philly team members Lisa Colby, Jonathan Sinker, Aaron Ritz and Amanda Wagner for their analysis, insight, and support. We are grateful to the staff of the Philadelphia City Planning Commission (PCPC) for their willingness to integrate public health considerations into the already daunting task of updating the city’s Comprehensive Plan. Many people contribute to the Philadel- phia2035 process, and we would like to acknowledge several of them for their contributions to the development of this report: Alan Greenberger, Gary Jastrzab, Alan Urek, Rick Redding, Danielle Dileo Kim, Jennifer Barr, John Haak, Mark Wheeler, Jeannette Brugger. We owe a special thank you to Donna Carney, Citizens Planning Institute coordinator, for her thoughtful input and for launching what will assuredly become a tremendous forum to engage the public around these issues. We thank Eva Gladstein and Natalie Shieh of the Zoning Code Commission for their enthusiastic incorporation of health-promoting content in the new code. Their tireless commitment to this important reform makes building a healthier city that much easier. Many thanks to Debby Schaaf of the City Planning Commission and Charles Carmalt of the Mayor’s Office of Transportation and Utili- ties, whose work on pedestrian and bicycle issues provide an invaluable foundation for many of the activities discussed in this report. We acknowledge those in other departments that have already demonstrated a willingness to work with the Planning Commission to create healthier built environments and raise awareness around the health impacts of land use decisions: Rob Armstrong, Sarah Low, Maureen Maier, and Patrick Morgan at Parks and Recreation; Andrew Frishkoff and Emily Giordano in Commerce; Sarah Wu in the Mayor’s Office of Sustainability; Patricia Ellis and Ariel Ben-Amos in the Mayor’s Office of Transportation and Utilities; and Lisa Beyer at the Water Department. We are optimistic that this list will only continue to grow as awareness of these issues increases. Many partner organizations and individuals deserve acknowledgement for the work they already do to make Philadelphia a healthier place and for their interest in collaborating with the Department of Public Health and the City Planning Commission as this partner- ship grows: Alex Doty, Diana Owens, and Sarah Clark Stuart at the Bicycle Coalition of Greater Philadelphia; Nicky Uy and Katy Wich at The Food Trust; Spencer Finch, Jeffrey Knowles, Khiet Luong and Patrick Starr at the Pennsylvania Environmental Council; Kate Clark and Allen Glicksman at the Philadelphia Corporation for Aging; Andrew Goodman and Harris Steinberg at Penn Praxis; and Brian James Kirk at PlanPhilly. We look forward to growing these relationships and adding to this list in the coming months and years. We owe a special thanks to Amy Hillier at the University of Pennsylvania, and to Amy Auchincloss and Yvonne Michael at Drexel Uni- versity for their input on the Health Impact Assessment tools that we continue to refine. We are fortunate to have these and so many others in the research and academic communities engaged and contributing to our understanding of the relationships between the built environment and human health. Finally, we would like to extend an enormous thank you to the public health and planning practitioners who provided their expertise, insight, and experience in the early days of this program. They helped define the scope of our efforts and will undoubtedly continue to be resources as we move forward. We are particularly grateful to Rajiv Bhatia, Cyndy Comerford Scully, Megan Gaydos, Jennifer McLaughlin, Megan Wier, June Weintraub, and everyone at the San Francisco Department of Public Health’s Program on Health, Equity, and Sustainability, as well as to Samina Raja at SUNY Buffalo and Heather Wooten at Public Health Law & Policy. We hope that our work in Philadelphia will provide opportunities for future collaborations. Philadelphia2035: Planning & Zoning for a Healthier City Page 3 Table of Contents Introduction I Context City Planning & Public Health 9 Philadelphia’s Current Public Health Challenges 10 Philadelphia2035 11 Get Healthy Philly 12 II Addressing Health in the Citywide Plan and New Zoning Code Philadelphia2035: Health-Supportive Content 15 Neighborhood Centers 16 Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) 18 New & Improved Transit Services 20 Healthy Food Access 22 Open Space Access 24 Active Transportation Infrastructure 26 The New Zoning Code: Health-Supportive Content 28 Mixed-Use Districts Transit-Oriented Development Standards Food Access Age-friendly Neighborhoods Sidewalk Standards Open Space Provision Parking Maximums Bicycle Parking Page 4 Philadelphia2035: Planning & Zoning for a Healthier City Table of Contents III Looking Ahead: District Plans and Health Impact Assessment District Planning & Health Impact Assessment 31 The Healthy Planning Toolbox 32 Potential HIA Topics in District Plans 34 The HIA Task Force 36 Community Engagement Around Public Health 37 Next Steps 39 References 41 Appendix: The Healthy Planning Toolbox PHILATool (Planning & Health Indicator List & Assessment Tool) 46 BEAT (Bicycling Environmental Audit Tool) 50 WAT (Walkability Assessment Tool) 52 Philadelphia2035: Planning & Zoning for a Healthier City Page 5 Page 6 Philadelphia2035: Planning & Zoning for a Healthier City Introduction Philadelphia’s physical form affects the health of its residents and communities. A robust and growing body of scien- tific literature continues to identify associations between thebuilt environment – streets, buildings, parks, and other human-made components of cities and places – and a variety of health determinants and outcomes, including physi- cal activity, nutrition, obesity, and chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension.1 This report explains the steps Philadelphia is taking to become a healthier, active, and more livable city through its new Comprehensive Plan, Philadelphia2035, and the subsequent zoning map revisions that the plan will guide. Our new integrated planning and zoning process presents enormous opportunity to educate residents on the health im- pacts of different land use policies, and to promote the consideration of health in planning, zoning, and development decision-making. Recognizing the once-in-a-generation chance that Philadelphia2035 offers to plan healthier environments and encourage active living, the Philadelphia Department of Public Health (PDPH) has partnered with the Philadelphia City Planning Commission (PCPC) as part of Get Healthy Philly, a 2-year, $25 million dollar initiative made possible by funding from the Department of Health and Human Services. Planning and zoning address two of Get Healthy Philly’s themes: Making healthy foods more accessible and affordable for Philadelphians; and Promoting physical activity in daily living. The report’s three sections answer key questions about the integration of health into planning policy and practice: I Context • What is the connection between city planning and public health? • What public health challenges make this relevant in Philadelphia today? • What current policy initiatives enable this work? II Addressing Health in the Citywide Plan and New Zoning Code • How does our new Citywide Plan promote healthier people and communities? • How does our proposed Zoning Code promote a healthier built environment? III Looking Ahead: District Plans & Health Impact Assessment • What is Health Impact Assessment? • How do we apply HIA to District Plans? • What tools can we use to assess the built environment’s effects on health? • How can HIA influence plan recommendations and inform decision-making? • Who is involved and how can I get involved? PCPC and PDPH hope that these pages raise additional questions and spark a lively dialogue about the ways in which Philadelphia can address and improve the health of its citizens through physical planning. Philadelphia2035: Planning & Zoning for a Healthier City Page 7 Page 8 Philadelphia2035: Planning & Zoning for a Healthier City Context City Planning and Public Health The city planning profession in the United States developed largely in re- sponse to public health concerns of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when heavily industrialized and rapidly growing cities were deal- ing with the consequences of unchecked population increases: unsanitary living conditions,
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