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Geologic Time Scale” by J.G INTERNATIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC CHART ICS International Commission on Stratigraphy Ma Ma Ma Ma Era Era Era Era Age Age Age Age Age Eon Eon Age Eon Age Eon Stage Stage Stage GSSP GSSP GSSA GSSP GSSP Series Epoch Series Epoch Series Epoch Period Period Period Period System System System System Erathem Erathem Erathem Erathem Eonothem Eonothem Eonothem 145.5 ±4.0 Eonothem 359.2 ±2.5 542 Holocene Tithonian Famennian Ediacaran 0.0117 150.8 ±4.0 Upper 374.5 ±2.6 Neo- ~635 Upper Upper Kimmeridgian Frasnian Cryogenian 0.126 ~ 155.6 385.3 ±2.6 proterozoic 850 “Ionian” Oxfordian Givetian Tonian Pleistocene 0.781 161.2 ±4.0 Middle 391.8 ±2.7 1000 Calabrian Callovian Eifelian Stenian Quaternary 1.806 164.7 ±4.0 397.5 ±2.7 Meso- 1200 Gelasian Bathonian Emsian Ectasian proterozoic 2.588 Middle 167.7 ±3.5 Devonian 407.0 ±2.8 1400 Piacenzian Bajocian Lower Pragian Calymmian Pliocene 3.600 171.6 ±3.0 411.2 ±2.8 1600 Zanclean Aalenian Lochkovian Statherian Jurassic 5.332 175.6 ±2.0 416.0 ±2.8 Proterozoic 1800 Messinian Toarcian Pridoli Paleo- Orosirian 7.246 183.0 ±1.5 418.7 ±2.7 2050 Tortonian Pliensbachian Ludfordian proterozoic Rhyacian 11.608 Lower 189.6 ±1.5 Ludlow 421.3 ±2.6 2300 Serravallian Sinemurian Gorstian Siderian Miocene 13.82 196.5 ±1.0 422.9 ±2.5 2500 Neogene Langhian Hettangian Homerian 15.97 199.6 ±0.6 Wenlock 426.2 ±2.4 Neoarchean Burdigalian M e s o z i c Rhaetian Sheinwoodian 20.43 203.6 ±1.5 428.2 ±2.3 2800 Aquitanian Upper Norian Silurian Telychian 23.03 216.5 ±2.0 436.0 ±1.9 P r e c a m b i n P Mesoarchean C e n o z i c Chattian Carnian Llandovery Aeronian Oligocene 28.4 ±0.1 ~ 228.7 439.0 ±1.8 3200 Rupelian Ladinian Rhuddanian 33.9 ±0.1 Middle 237.0 ±2.0 443.7 ±1.5 Paleoarchean Priabonian Anisian Archean Triassic Hirnantian 37.2 ±0.1 ~ 245.9 445.6 ±1.5 3600 Bartonian Olenekian Upper Katian Eocene 40.4 ±0.2 Lower ~ 249.5 455.8 ±1.6 Eoarchean Lutetian Induan Sandbian 48.6 ±0.2 251.0 ±0.4 460.9 ±1.6 4000 Ypresian Changhsingian a l e o z i c P Darriwilian 55.8 ±0.2 468.1 ±1.6 P h a n e r o z i c P h a n e r o z i c P Lopingian 253.8 ±0.7 h a n e r o z i c P Middle Hadean (informal) Paleogene Thanetian Wuchiapingian Dapingian 58.7 ±0.2 260.4 ±0.7 471.8 ±1.6 ~4600 Paleocene Selandian Capitanian Ordovician Floian ~ 61.1 265.8 ±0.7 Lower 478.6 ±1.7 Subdivisions of the global geologic record are Danian Guadalupian Wordian Tremadocian 268.0 ±0.7 formally defined by their lower boundary. Each unit 65.5 ±0.3 488.3 ±1.7 of the Phanerozoic (~542 Ma to Present) and the Maastrichtian Roadian Stage 10 70.6 ±0.6 270.6 ±0.7 ~ 492 * base of Ediacaran are defined by a basal Global Campanian Kungurian Furongian Stage 9 Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP ), 83.5 ±0.7 Permian 275.6 ±0.7 ~ 496 * whereas Precambrian units are formally subdivided Santonian Artinskian Paibian by absolute age (Global Standard Stratigraphic Age, Upper 85.8 ±0.7 Cisuralian 284.4 ±0.7 ~ 499 Coniacian Sakmarian Guzhangian GSSA). Details of each GSSP are posted on the ~ 88.6 294.6 ±0.8 ~ 503 ICS website (www.stratigraphy.org). Turonian Asselian Series 3 Drumian Numerical ages of the unit boundaries in the 93.6 ±0.8 299.0 ±0.8 ~ 506.5 Phanerozoic are subject to revision. Some stages Cenomanian Gzhelian Stage 5 within the Cambrian will be formally named upon 99.6 ±0.9 Upper 303.4 ±0.9 ~ 510 * international agreement on their GSSP limits. Most P a l e o z i c P Albian Kasimovian Cambrian Stage 4 112.0 ±1.0 307.2 ±1.0 Series 2 ~ 515 * sub-Series boundaries (e.g., Middle and Upper Aptian Penn- Middle Moscovian Stage 3 Aptian) are not formally defined. Cretaceous 125.0 ±1.0 sylvanian 311.7 ±1.1 ~ 521 * M e s o z i c Colors are according to the Commission for the Barremian Lower Bashkirian Stage 2 Geological Map of the World (www.cgmw.org). Lower 130.0 ±1.5 318.1 ±1.3 Terreneuvian ~ 528 * Hauterivian Upper Serpukhovian Fortunian The listed numerical ages are from 'A Geologic ~ 133.9 328.3 ±1.6 542.0 ±1.0 Time Scale 2004', by F.M. Gradstein, J.G. Ogg, Valanginian Middle Visean This chart was drafted by Gabi Ogg. Intra Cambrian unit ages A.G. Smith, et al. (2004; Cambridge University Press) 140.2 ±3.0 Carboniferous 345.3 ±2.1 Missis- sippian with * are informal, and awaiting ratified definitions. and “The Concise Geologic Time Scale” by J.G. Ogg, Berriasian Lower Tournaisian 145.5 ±4.0 359.2 ±2.5 Copyright © 2009 International Commission on Stratigraphy G. Ogg and F.M. Gradstein (2008). August 2009.
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