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A Study on Chlorophyceae of the Artificial Ponds and Lakes of the National Botanical Garden of Iran

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A Study on Chlorophyceae of the Artificial Ponds and Lakes of the National Botanical Garden of Iran A STUDY ON CHLOROPHYCEAE OF THE ARTIFICIAL PONDS AND LAKES OF THE NATIONAL BOTANICAL GARDEN OF IRAN T. Nejadsattari, Z. Shariatmadari and Z. Jamzad Nejadsattari, T., Z. Shariatmadari, and Z. Jamzad,.2006 01 01:.A study on chlorophyceae of the artificial ponds and lakes of National Botanical Garden of Iran . – Iran. Journ. Bot. 11 (2): 159-168. Tehran Five aquatic sites of National Botanical Garden of Iran monthly were sampled from December 2003 through November 2004. 68 genera and species of 10 families and 6 orders of the planktonic Chlorophyceae were identified. Among the families Desmidaceae with 22 genera and species showed the highest species richness. Scenedesmaceae (15 species) and Oocystaceae (14 species), Hydrodictyaceae (7 species), Ulotrichaceae (3 species), Zygnemataceae (2 species), Volvocaceae (2 species) and Cladophoraceae, Oedogoniaceae and Trentephliaceae each with 1 species respectively presented in the studied sites. High population densities of species were observed in the warm months. Taher Nejadsattari, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran. –Ziba Jamzad, Reasearch Institute of Forests and Rangelands, P. O. Box 13185- 116, Tehran, Iran. –Zeinab Shariatmadari, Department of Plant biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran. Keywords. Chlorophyceae, identification, Botanical garden, Iran. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪاي در ﻣﻮرد ﺟﻠﺒﻜﻬﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ درﻳﺎﭼﻪﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮﻛﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺎغ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻠﻲ اﻳﺮان ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﻧﮋاد ﺳﺘﺎري، زﻳﻨﺐ ﺷﺮﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪاري و زﻳﺒﺎ ﺟﻢ زاد در ﻃﻲ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺟﻠﺒﻜﻬﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ 5 ﺑﺮﻛﻪ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ در ﺑﺎغ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻠﻲ اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻧﻪ از آذر 1382 ﺗﺎ آﺑﺎن 1383 ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. 68 ﺟﻨﺲ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 10 ﺗﻴﺮه و 6 راﺳﺘﻪ از ﺟﻠﺒﻜﻬﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺗﻴﺮه Desmidaceae ﺑﺎ 22 ﺟﻨﺲ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي را ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﺗﻴﺮهﻫﺎي Scenedesmaceae (15 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ) و Oocystaceae (14 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ)، Hydrodictyaceae (7 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ)، Ulotrichaceae (3 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ)، Zygnemataceae (2 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ)، Volvocaceae (2 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ)، و ﺗﻴﺮهﻫﺎي Cladophoraceae، Oedogoniaceae و Trentephliaceae ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﺑﻌﺪي ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﻣﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﮔﺮم ﺳﺎل ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. 160 Nejadsattari, Shariatmadari & Jamzad IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 11 (2), 2006 Introduction Monthly Samples were obtained from each site Algae are major constituents of aquatic from December 2003 through November 2004. ecosystems (Zimba & Hopson 1997). Due to All samples were collected between 10 AM-13 their minute size they are often overlooked in PM. Sampling procedure. At each site three limnological studies. Their importance in samples were collected in a 1 liter bottle from terms of productivity and as a food source in 0.5m depth of shore line. Water temperature higher trophic levels is well known and pH were measured immediately after (Burkholder & Wetzel 1990). collection. Water analysis was done only in Studies on algal flora have received little one occasion for 2, 3, 4 and 5 sites (Fig. 7). All attention in Iran and there are few published samples were fixed in 3% formalin, labeled, survays of algal floras (Hirono 1973, Wasylik, and were carried to the laboratory in cool 1975, Compere 1981). Moghaddam (1976) containers. Algal samples were allowed to reported diatoms from small portion of settle for at least 7 days and the super liquid Zayandeh rood River. Löffler (1961) reported section moved, the final volume of different algal groups from several concentrated sample was 130 ml. geographical areas of Iran. Depth distribution Identification of algae was done using a of epipelic algae, seasonal distribution of SAIRAN model (BM-22h) microscope at 400- epiphytic algae in Anzali Lagoon and vertical 1000X. Identification was based on Whittford distribution of epiphytic diatoms on Typha latifolia L. and Phragmites austuralis Trim. In and Schumacher (1973), Prescott (1970) and Amir Kalayeh Lagoon, were reported by corrected based on algaebase site. Nejadsattari & al. (2002a, b, 2003). Also algal (WWW.algaebase.org) flora of lotic waters of Zayandeh Rood river Enumeration of algae was done using were investigated by Afsharzadeh & al. (2003). Sedgwick-Rafter cell. At least 300 cell were Starting in 1997 several lakes, ponds, wetlands counted and population density was reported and rivers in different area were selected for as cell/ml. All statistical analyses were done algal distribution. In this work green algal flora using Excel 2000. of five artificial ponds and lakes in National Botanical Garden of Iran were studied. The Results and Discussion garden is located by the freeway between In this study 68 taxa of Chlorophyta were Tehran and Karaj at an altitude of about identified (Table 2). These belong to 6 orders 1320m. Seven artificial lakes and ponds have and 10 families which 46 were identified at been built in the garden for special purposes. species level and other in genera level (Fig. 1). They have been filled up with the water Oocystaceae in site 1 showed high abundance provided by the wheals of the garden. The in spring (93%) and high abundance of present study is an attempt to contribute to the Scenedesmaceae occurred in winter (Fig. 2). In knowledge about green algae and their site 2 also high abundance of Oocystaceae distribution in these aquatic ecosystems. observed in spring (Fig. 3) and in sites 3 and 5 the most abundance of Oocystaceae occurred Materials and methods in the late winter. In site 3 Scenedesmaceae Five aquatic sites were selected for sampling. has the most abundance in autumn, while Approximate area and depth of sites and their presence of Scenedesmaceae in site 5 is not substratum were given in Table 1. sensible (Figs. 4, 6 ). IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 11 (2), 2006 Chlorophyceae in Botanical Garden 161 Table 1. Approximate area and depth of study sites. Ponds & Lakes Area(m2) Depth(m) Substratum 1 Rock garden 2500 2.5 Plastic(Keltan) 2 Systematic garden 110 1 Cement 3 Trial area 102 1.2 Plastic(isogam) 4 Japanese garden 3000 2.5 Cement 5 Salt lake 1975 1.5 Plastic(Keltan) Table 2. Occurrence of Chlorophyta in sampling sites. Species Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Oocystis solitaria Wittrock + - - + - Oocystis pusilla Hansgirg + + - + - Oocystis elliptica West + + - + - Oocystis borgei J.Snow - + - + - Oocystis sp.1 - - - + - Oocystis sp.2 - - - + - Oocystis sp.3 - - - + - Oocystis sp.4 - - - + - Tetraedron minimum (A.Braun) Hansgirg + + + + + Selenastrum capricornutum Printz. - - - - + Planktosphaeria gelatinosa G.M.Smith - - + - - Ankistrodesmus nannoselene Skuja + + - - + Trochiscia zachariasii Lemmermann - - + + + Trochiscia reticularis (Reinsch) Hansgirg - - - + + Scenedesmus communis E.H.Hegewald + - + - - Scenedesmus quadricauda var. longispina (Chod)G.M.Smith + - + - - Scenedesmus quadricauda var. quadrispina (Chod)G.M.Smith - + + + - Scenedesmus quadricauda var. maximus West & West - - + - - Scenedesmus quadricauda var. westii G. M. Smith + + + - - Scenedesmus quadricauda var. parvus G. M. Smith + + - - - Scenedesmus magnus Meyen + - + - - Scenedesmus acuminatus (Lagerheim) Chodat + + - + - Scenedesmus dimorphus (Turpin) Kützing + + - + - Scenedesmus bernardii G. M. Smith - - + - - Scenedesmus raciborskii Woloszynska + + - + + Scenedesmus sp.1 + + - - - Scenedesmus sp.2 + - - + - Scenedesmus sp.3 + - - - - Scenedesmus sp.4 - - + - - Pediastrum boryanum (Turpin) Meneghini - - + - - Pediastrum integrum Nägeli - - - - + 162 Nejadsattari, Shariatmadari & Jamzad IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 11 (2), 2006 Pediastrum duplex Meyen - - + - - Pediastrum duplex var. clathratum (A.Braun) Lagerheim + - - - - Pediastrum duplex var. cohaerens Bohlin - - + - - Pediastrum muticum Kuetzing - + - + - Pediastrum sp. - - - + - Pandorina sp. + + + - + Volvox sp. - - - + + Cladophora sp. + - - + - Oedogonium sp. + + + - + Ulothrix sp. - - - + - Binuclearia sp. + - - + - Klebsormidium montanum (Hansgirg) S. Watanabe - - - + - Trentepohlia aurea (L.) C. F. P.Martius + - - + + Mougeotia scalaris Hassall + - - - - Mougeotiopsis sp. - - - + - Cosmarium pyramidatum Brébisson. - + + + + Cosmarium pyramidatum var. convexum Krieger & Gerloff. + + - + - Cosmarium granatum Brébisson - - - + - Cosmarium exiguum W. Archer - + - - + Cosmarium circulare Reinsch + + - + - Cosmarium subreniforme Nordstedt + + - + + Actinotaenium obcuneatum (W.West) Teiling - - - - + Cosmarium botrytis Meneghini ex Ralfs - - + - + Cosmarium botrytis var. tumidum Wittrock + - + - - Cosmarium botrytis var. gemmiferum (Brébisson) Nordstedt. - - + + + Cosmarium pokornyanum (Grunov)W. West & G. S. West - - - + - Cosmarium obtusatum Schmidle. - + + + - Cosmarium sp.1 + - - - + Cosmarium sp.2 - + - - - Cosmarium sp.3 - + - - - Cosmarium sp.4 - - - + - Closterium littorale F. Gay. + + - - + Closterium moniliferum Ehrenberg ex Ralfs - - - - + Closterium pseudodianae Roy. - - - - + Closterium parvulum Nägeli - - - - + Closterium sp. - - + - - Euastrum sp. - - - + + IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 11 (2), 2006 Chlorophyceae in Botanical Garden 163 Site5 راﺳﺘﻪ Site4 ﺗﻴﺮه Site3 ﺟﻨﺲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Site2 Site1 010203040 Fig. 1. Number of family, order, genera and species of Chlorophyta. In site 4, Oocystaceae showed its most in a specific site. Percent abundance of different percent of abundance in autumn and the families of Chlorophyceae in study sites are Scenedesmaceae presence in this site is very shown in figures 2-6. confined (Fig 5). The existing difference among the sites can impute to different Acknowledgments conditions of the sites. We would like to thank the authorities of the Studies show that light and temperature are Research Institute
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