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An Archaeological Inventory of CAMP SWIFT, Bastrop County, Texas David G. Robinson, Timothy M. Meade, Leeann Haslouer Kay, Linn Gassaway, and Dustin Kay Edited by Barbara A. Meissner With contributions by John J. Leffler, Shane Prochnow, Raymond P. Mauldin, and Steve A. Tomka Archaeological Survey Report Number 316 Center for Archaeological Research The University of Texas at San Antonio 2001 An Archaeological Inventory of Camp Swift, Bastrop County, Texas edited by Barbara A. Meissner ASR 316 2001 An Archaeological Inventory of CAMP SWIFT, Bastrop County, Texas David G. Robinson, Timothy M. Meade, Leeann Haslouer Kay, Linn Gassaway, and Dustin Kay Edited by Barbara A. Meissner With contributions by John J. Leffler, Shane Prochnow, Raymond P. Mauldin, and Steve A. Tomka Steve A. Tomka Principal Investigator Texas Antiquities Permit No. n/a Prepared for: Prepared by: Adjutant General’s Department of Texas Center for Archaeological Research Directorate of Facilities and Engineering The University of Texas at San Antonio Environmental Branch Archaeological Survey Report, No. 316 Austin, Texas San Antonio, Texas ©copyright 2001 The following information is provided in accordance with the General Rules of Practice and Procedure, Chapter 41.11 (Investigative Reports), Texas Antiquities Committee: 1. Type of investigation: Supplemental cultural resource inventory, revised survey report and historic research 2. Project name: Camp Swift 3. County: Bastrop County, Texas 4. Principal investigator: Steve A. Tomka 5. Name and location of sponsoring agency: Adjutant General’s Department of Texas, Austin, Texas, 78763- 5218 6. Texas Antiquities Permit No.: n/a 7. Published by the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 6900 N. Loop 1604 W., San Antonio, Texas 78249-0658, 2001 A list of publications offered by the Center for Archaeological Research is available. Call (210) 458-4378; write to the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 6900 N. Loop 1604 W., San Antonio, Texas 78249-0658; e-mail to [email protected]; or visit CAR’s web site at http://car.utsa.edu. Abstract Beginning in November 1996 and continuing until July of 1997, the Adjutant General’s Department of Texas conducted a self-sponsored Phase I cultural resources survey of Camp Swift in Bastrop County, Texas. The project surveyed approximately 5,000 acres of the camp, approximately 1,000 of which had been previously surveyed. A total of 58 new archaeological sites were recorded, of which 26 were prehistoric, 24 were historic, and 8 had both prehistoric and historic components. In addition to these sites, 42 previously identified sites were revisited. In September 2000, the Center for Archaeological Research of the University of Texas at San Antonio com- pleted shovel tests on two sites and acquired GPS data on 28 sites. At this time, a geomorphologist excavated a series of 12 backhoe trenches and—subsequently—a report on the geoarchaeology of Camp Swift was added to this report. An assessment of the 169 sites now known on Camp Swift found one site (41BP138, the Wine Cellar Site) eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. A total of 106 sites are considered not eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Fifty-nine sites are considered potentially eligible, and should be tested to determine their eligibility. Three marked cemeteries are protected by state law. i Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................... i Figures ...................................................................................................................................................... v Tables ...................................................................................................................................................viii Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................................... x Chapter 1: Introduction Project Tasks ................................................................................................................................. 1 Project Area .................................................................................................................................. 3 Previous Investigations ................................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 2: Historic Background Prehistoric Bastrop County......................................................................................................... 11 The History of the Camp Swift Area, 1830–1950 ...................................................................... 14 Chapter 3: Geoarchaeological Assessment Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 31 Methods ...................................................................................................................................... 31 Geomorphology .......................................................................................................................... 34 Stratigraphy................................................................................................................................. 34 Depositional Chronology ............................................................................................................ 36 Archaeological Preservation Potential ....................................................................................... 37 Chapter 4: Methods Research Design ......................................................................................................................... 39 Field Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 40 Lab Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 44 Archival Research....................................................................................................................... 44 Chapter 5a: Results - Prehistoric 41BP476 ..................................................................................................................................... 46 41BP477 ..................................................................................................................................... 48 41BP486 ..................................................................................................................................... 50 41BP488 ..................................................................................................................................... 52 41BP491 ..................................................................................................................................... 54 41BP493 ..................................................................................................................................... 55 41BP494 ..................................................................................................................................... 56 41BP495 ..................................................................................................................................... 57 41BP496 ..................................................................................................................................... 58 41BP497 ..................................................................................................................................... 60 41BP498 ..................................................................................................................................... 62 41BP499 ..................................................................................................................................... 63 41BP505 ..................................................................................................................................... 64 41BP506 ..................................................................................................................................... 65 41BP509 ..................................................................................................................................... 66 41BP510 ..................................................................................................................................... 67 41BP512 ..................................................................................................................................... 68 41BP521 ..................................................................................................................................... 69 41BP522 ..................................................................................................................................... 70 41BP524 ..................................................................................................................................... 71 ii 41BP526 ..................................................................................................................................... 72 41BP527 ..................................................................................................................................... 73 41BP528 ....................................................................................................................................