Cornish, Dudley T., Collection, 1859-1999
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Crucibles of Virtue and Vice: the Acculturation of Transatlantic Army Officers, 1815-1945
CRUCIBLES OF VIRTUE AND VICE: THE ACCULTURATION OF TRANSATLANTIC ARMY OFFICERS, 1815-1945 John F. Morris Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2020 © 2020 John F. Morris All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Crucibles of Virtue and Vice: The Acculturation of Transatlantic Army Officers, 1815-1945 John F. Morris Throughout the long nineteenth century, the European Great Powers and, after 1865, the United States competed for global dominance, and they regularly used their armies to do so. While many historians have commented on the culture of these armies’ officer corps, few have looked to the acculturation process itself that occurred at secondary schools and academies for future officers, and even fewer have compared different formative systems. In this study, I home in on three distinct models of officer acculturation—the British public schools, the monarchical cadet schools in Imperial Germany, Austria, and Russia, and the US Military Academy—which instilled the shared and recursive sets of values and behaviors that constituted European and American officer cultures. Specifically, I examine not the curricula, policies, and structures of the schools but the subterranean practices, rituals, and codes therein. What were they, how and why did they develop and change over time, which values did they transmit and which behaviors did they perpetuate, how do these relate to nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century social and cultural phenomena, and what sort of ethos did they produce among transatlantic army officers? Drawing on a wide array of sources in three languages, including archival material, official publications, letters and memoirs, and contemporary nonfiction and fiction, I have painted a highly detailed picture of subterranean life at the institutions in this study. -
· Congressional Record-Senate. 597
1899. · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 597 By Mr. YOUNG of Virginia: A bill (H. R. 4904) for relief of By Mr. BOUTELLE of Maine: Petition of J, D. Hincls and. Edward William Bailey-to the Committee on Claims. others,·of Orrington, l\Ie, - Also, a bill {H. R. 4905) for the relief of James A. Johnston By Mr. ELLIOTT: Petition of F. Rhem and others, of Rhems,. to the Committee on Claims. S. C., and vicinity. · By Mr. ZENOR: A bill (H. R. 4906) granting a pension tol\Irs. By Mr. FITZGERALD of New York: Petitions of the First. Ellen Quinn-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Presbyterian Church of Brooklyn, citizens of the Second Congres By Mr. CUMMINGS: A joint resolution (H. J. Res. 91) for the sional district of New York, and Federation of Churches and relief of A ugnst Bolten, of New York City, and Gustav Richelieu, Christian Workers of New York. of Bostop, Mass.,Americanseamen-totheCommittee on Foreign By Mr. FOSS: Petition of James P. Dickson and others, of Chi Affairs. cago, Ill. By Mr. GRilrFITH: Petition of citizens of the Fourth Congres sional district of Indiana. PETITIONS, ETC. By Mr. HOWELL: Petition of citizens of the Third Congress· Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers siona.l district of New Jersey". were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: By Mr. MANN: Petition of the Chicago Woman's Club. By the SPEAKE.R: Petition of George W. Dunham and a num By Mr. NEEDHAM: Petitions of E. A. Wright and 78 others, of ber of other citizens of Iowa, in favol' of an appropriation for the Seventh Congressional district of California; J. -
Forrestine Cooper Hooker's Notes and Memoirs on Army Life in the West, 1871-1876, Arranged, Edited, and Annotated by Barbara E
Forrestine Cooper Hooker's notes and memoirs on army life in the West, 1871-1876, arranged, edited, and annotated by Barbara E. Fisher Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Fisher, Barbara Esther, 1939- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 03:17:15 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551645 FORRESTINE COOPER HOOKER'S NOTES AND MEMOIRS ON ARMY LIFE IN THE WEST, 1871 - 18?6 arranged, edited, and annotated by Barbara E, Fisher A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 6 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. -
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Annals of the Army of the Cumberland [Electronic Resource]
4 / ^~y.<?g, "': r * ; v the AM2 T jJk >>K !i. >\»EL>JK! J A 1 Lf [fj/IjiriPlP'ISS'^ 'D'-a^l & G<J ANNALS ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND: COMPRISING BIOGRAPHIES, DESCRIPTIONS OF DEPARTMENTS, ACCOUNTS OF EXPEDITIONS, SKIRMISHES, AND BATTLES; POLICE RECORD SPIES, SMUGGLERS, AND PROMINENT REBEL EMISSARIES. TOGETHER WITH .JUwctoteis, pculents, gwtnj, QtfoMmntts, tit. OFFICIAL REPORTS OF THE BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. BY AX OFFICER. ILLUSTRATED WITH STEEL PORTRAITS, WOOD ENGRAVINGS, AND MAPS. PHILADELPHIA: J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. 1863. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1863, by J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. FOR THE AUTHOR, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. -o STEREOTYPED BY L. JOHNSON & CO. PRINTED BY LIPPINCOTT & CO. PREFACE. To the soldiers of the Army of the Cumberland, and to their friends at home, the author presents this volume of portraits, sketches, and incidents,— a work undertaken at the solicitation of many friends, with the view of affording pleasure to our soldiers and imparting information to the people, and, if it may be, to secure a fund for the erection of a monument to overlook the battle-field of Stone River, Tennessee, where rest, "unknelled, uncoffined, and unknown," hundreds of American citizens. This work is not intended as a history of the Rebellion, in a general sense, nor even as a detailed account of events occurring' in the history of the Army of the Cumberland. It is simply a collection of sketches and portraits of many of its representative men, and a narration of many interesting events which have transpired within its lines. -
VOL. 1881 Twelfth Annual Reunion of the Association of the Graduates Of
TWELFTH ANNUAL REUNION OF THE ;ssloei1V attl oITI I'the C tatoI t OF THE U. S. Military Academy, AT WEST POINT, NEWT YORK, June 9, 1881. EAST SAGINAW, MICH. E. W. LYON, PUBLISHER. I881. ANNUAL REUNION JUNE 9, 1881. MINUTES OF THE BUSINESS MEETING. WEST POINT, N. Y., June 9, i88i. The Association met in the Chapel of the United States Military Academy at 3 o'clock, P. M., and in the absence of General George W. Cullum, Chairman of the Executive Committee, was called to order by Prof. J. B. Wheeler. Prayer was offered by the Rev. Dr. John Forsyth, Chaplain of the Military Academy. The roll was then called by the Secretary. ROLL OF [MEMnBERS. Those present are indicated by a ', and those deceased in italics. CLASS. CLASS. 1808 Sylvanus 1Thayer. HANNIBALDAY. I8I4 Charles S. Merchant. I823 GEORGE H. CROSMAN. EDMUND B. ALEXANDER. {Simon Willard. o JamesMonroe. {Dennis H. Mahan. i815 ho /. Leslie. J Robert P. Parrott. Charles Davies. JOHN K. FINDLAY. WJOHN M. FESSENDEN. (Horace Webster. I8I8 Harvey Brozwn. 185 J WASHINGTON SEAWELL. H(artman Bache. N. SAYRE HARRIS. Edward D. Mansfield. WM. H. C. BARTLETT. Henry Brewerton. Samuel P. Heintzelman. I8I9 Henry A. TI8onson.6 AUG'ST'S J. PLEASANTON. *JOSHUA BAKER. EDWIN B. BABBITT. |DANIEL TYLER. Nathaniel C. Macrae. 1 William H. Swift. SILAS CASEY. I820 Rawlins Lowndes. r EBENEZER S. SIBLEY. 182I SethM r.Capron. NATAlexander J. J Center.ON NATHANIEL J. EATON. W(ILLIAM C. YOUNG. Abraham Van Buren. 1822 David H. Vinton. r Aber. Church. Bei~lamih H. Wright. Albert E. -
Henry Barracks Military Reservation1: the Evolution of a Military Facility to Public Lands
1 Henry Barracks Military Reservation1: The evolution of a military facility to public lands James J. Prewitt Diaz, MA, MS2 & Joseph O. Prewitt Diaz, PhD3 1 A former Military Installation located in Cayey, Puerto Rico. 2 Mr Prewitt Diaz has been studying how geographical areas have been used and re-used as population changes, natural and humanitarian disasters have occurred, and as modernization has taken place. He has a special interest in the evolution of Cayey, as a results he has collected maps, photographs and images over the last fifty years. 3 Dr. Prewitt Diaz is a researcher with experiential knowledge on the Henry Barracks Military Reservation having spent over thirty years doing different activities on the Reservation and the town of Cayey. © 2015 James J. Prewitt Diaz, MA, MS & Joseph O. Prewitt Diaz, PhD 2 Henry Barracks Military Reservation4: The evolution of a Military facility to Public Lands Abstract This paper provides a historical overview of the geographic evolution of the Henry Barracks Military Reservation located in the proximity of the town of Cayey, Puerto Rico (1898 to 1967). The public lands became the University of Puerto Rico-Cayey (UPR-Cayey), the municipality of Cayey, private housing, and the municipality. The paper is divided into four major segments: (1) the Spanish Barracks (1897-1898), (2) Camp Henry (1899-1912), (3) The Cayey Naval Radio Station (1914-1932), (4) Henry Barracks Army Post 1910-1962). The researchers relied on interviews, pictures, and narratives of key informants that either lived, grew-up or used the facilities of Henry Barracks Army Post. -
0 George W. Goethals: Life and Reform in the U.S. Army, 1876
GEORGE W. GOETHALS: LIFE AND REFORM IN THE U.S. ARMY, 1876-1919 Rory M. McGovern A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School. Chapel Hill 2017 Approved by: Joseph T. Glatthaar John C. Chasteen Wayne E. Lee Michael C. Morgan Benjamin Waterhouse 0 © 2017 Rory M. McGovern ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Rory M. McGovern: George W. Goethals: Life and Change in the U.S. Army, 1876-1919 (Under the direction of Joseph T. Glatthaar) In the culminating achievements of a lengthy career in the U.S. Army, George W. Goethals led the construction of the Panama Canal and managed the effort to sustain an army of approximately four million soldiers during the final year of the First World War. At the outset of that career, neither he nor the U.S. Army was prepared to meet such challenges. Using biography as a vehicle to examine a larger problem, this dissertation follows Goethals’s career in order to understand the nature of change in the U.S. Army during the late-nineteenth and early- twentieth centuries as it transitioned from a frontier constabulary and coastal defense force to a modern army capable of projecting power abroad and meeting the challenges of twentieth- century warfare. Goethals’s story reveals that the legacy of the Civil War and the army’s failure to keep pace with changing social norms and practices in training, education, and perceptions of professionalism created a traditionalist culture that did not embrace the new structures imposed by the Root Reforms at the turn of the century, but sought to apply them to comfortably traditional norms, values, and practices. -
Views Expressed in This Work Are Those of the Author and Do Not Reflect the Official
“With A Little Help From Our Friends:”1 The Development of Combat Intelligence in the American Expeditionary Forces, 1917-1918 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By James L. Doty III, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2010 Dissertation Committee: Dr. John F. Guilmartin, Advisor Dr. Nathan Rosenstein Dr. Stephanie J. Smith 1 The title is inspired by the Beatles song, “With a Little Help From My Friends,” Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band, 1967. Copyright by James L. Doty III 2010 Disclaimer The views expressed in this work are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Abstract The United States Army, like its counterparts in Europe, especially the United Kingdom, struggled to achieve recognition as a profession during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Army developed educational institutions, improved standards of conduct, and further developed specialized knowledge in areas such as intelligence. US army officers and military officials sponsored these changes knowing and sometimes adapting from similar developments in other armies. When the First World War started in 1914, the American army was close to par with the British army in its development of intelligence as a specialized field and body of military knowledge. By 1917, Britain and the other belligerents had tremendously advanced their intelligence practices as part of the broader development of warfighting techniques through three years of warfare. -
Maryland Campaign Staff Ride U.S
National Park Service Maryland Campaign Staff Ride U.S. Department of the Interior History and Recommendations Antietam National Battlefi eld P. O. Box 158 Sharpsburg, MD 21782 Through a careful and objective study of the signifi cant campaigns of the world, a professional offi cer acquires a knowledge of military experience which he himself could not otherwise accumulate. Dwight D. Eisenhower INTRODUCTION craft, nor would he want to. However, the military The Maryland Campaign of 1862, which culminated leader must always be fully trained and tactically, in the Battle of Antietam, was a major turning point operationally, and strategically sound the moment war in the American Civil War and in the history of this begins. That has always been the dilemma for soldiers nation. Lasting for just fi fteen days, the courage, – how does one learn about and prepare for war sacrifi ce and eventual outcome of the campaign without personal involvement and experience. One would forever burn into the American memory method is to study the great campaigns and leaders names like McClellan and Lee, places like “Bloody of the past. Carefully woven into training, military Lane” and the “Cornfi eld,” and principles such history can go far to provide a vicarious experience as emancipation and freedom. With over 23,000 of war that is helpful in improving the professional casualties, the battle of Antietam was the bloodiest education of soldiers. As former Army Chief of Staff one-day battle in American history. When the guns General Carl E. Vuono described, “History sharpens fi nally fell silent on the campaign and the Confederate the vision of the skilled commander. -
Charles G. Dawes Archive
Charles Deering McCormick Library of Special Collections Northwestern University Library, Evanston, Illinois 60208-2300 Charles G. Dawes Archive Biography: Charles Gates Dawes (1865-1951), prominent in U.S. politics and business, served as Comptroller of the Currency (1898-1901), director of the Military Board of Allied Supply (1918-1919), and first director of the Bureau of the Budget (1921). He received a Nobel Peace Prize as chairman of the Reparations Commission which restructured Germany's economy and devised a repayment plan (1924). He was elected Vice-President (1925- 1929), and appointed ambassador to England (1929-1931) and chairman of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (1932). Charles and his brothers founded Dawes Brothers Incorporated. Dawes formed the Central Trust Co. in Chicago (1902), guided its successor banks, and was influential in Chicago business, politics, and philanthropy until his death. Charles Gates Dawes was born and educated in Ohio. He married Caro Blymyer in 1889, practiced law, and incorporated a real estate business in Lincoln, Nebraska, before moving to Evanston, Illinois in 1895. He acquired utility companies and real estate in northern Illinois and Wisconsin; and in 1908, with his brothers Henry, Rufus, and Beman, formed Dawes Brothers Incorporated, to invest assets in banks, oil companies and real estate throughout the country. Various acquaintances who were prominent in political and industrial affairs trusted them to manage their investments as well. Other companies in which Charles Dawes and his brothers played leading roles included Chicago's Central Trust Co. and its successor banks and Pure Oil Company of Ohio. Dawes made significant philanthropic contributions to the Chicago metropolitan community. -
Official U. S. Bulletin
It?“ finial iiiullriia .. PUBLISHED DAILY UNDER ORDER OF THE PRESIDENT BY THE COMMTTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMATION M GEORGE CREEL. CHAIRMAN Vol. 1. wusnisoros, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMUER 26, can PRODUCE DEALERS SUPPORT Administrative Procedure to Control ,FEDEPJII. LICENSING SYSTEM Exports of Coin, Currency, and Bullion T0 ELIIIIINATE SPECULATION Announced by Federal Reserve Board CONFER WITH THE FOOD OFFICIALS The Federal Reserve Board has issued the folioWing statement on administra tive procedure with reference to the proclamation and regulations issued by the Agree to exports coin, currency, . Organization of Their In President to control of and bullion: Individuals, firms, and corporations desiring to obtain licenses for the exporta dustry so as to Deliver Their tion of coin, bullion, and currency must file an application with the Federal reserve bank of the district in which the applicant resides, or where the transaction requir to Goods Consumer by Short ing the shipment originates. These applications must made a standard be ‘ ‘on form est Trade Route. which has been furnished to all Federal reserve banks. Exports of Gold. Representative produce men of the general policy country agreed in conference yesterday It will be the of the board not to authorize the exportation of gold shipment applied with officials of the United States Food unless the for is shown to be connected in a direct and way importation Administration to the organizing of their definite with a corresponding of merchandise for consumption States, in industry so as to eliminate speculation, in the United but any case authorization will be granted only where the exportation gold payment stabilize markets, and deliver their goods of in for such merchandise is found to be compatible reaching conclusions, to the consumer by the shortest possible with the public interest. -
Patriotism and Profit: San Diego's Camp Kearny
Patriotism and Profit: San Diego’s Camp Kearny By John Martin In the late summer of 1917, the cadence of marching feet, the reports of rifles, and the clatter of mounted soldiers shattered the solitude of the sage-and-chaparral covered Linda Vista mesa some ten miles north of downtown San Diego. The new sounds resonated from Camp Kearny, a World War I National Guard training camp. The Army had come to town. San Diego, in 1917, experienced an economic downturn following the closing of the 1915-1916 fair. The war in Europe, however, changed this picture. As promised, President Woodrow Wilson kept the country on the periphery of the European conflict, but international events ended his idealistic hopes for nonintervention. In April, Wilson requested the Sixty-Fifth Congress to declare war on the Central Powers. For the Allied Powers, the declaration presented an infusion of fresh troops to break the stalemate on the Western Front; for the U. S. War Department it presented the challenge of mobilizing an entirely new army. For San Diego citizens, it represented the opportunity to do their patriotic duty of organizing and supporting war service organizations and boosting the local economy. If America appeared psychologically prepared for war, the country stood martially unprepared. Public disinterest and government parsimony sent America to war with a Regular Army of about 128,000 men. The army ranked only the thirteenth most powerful in the world, just slightly ahead of Portugal. It was an army whose latest field experience was a punitive expedition into Mexico—one that did more to reveal the deficiencies of the American force than resolve the matter at hand.1 It was an army that needed to retrain the Regular Army troops John Martin, an independent scholar and a native of San Diego, received his BA and MA degrees in United States History from San Diego State University where he studied under Dr.