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Thetha the Sangonet Regional ICT Dicussion Forum Project Contextualising ICT for Development in Zimbabwe

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Thetha the Sangonet Regional ICT Dicussion Forum Project Contextualising ICT for Development in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Country Report thetha the sangonet regional ICT dicussion forum project Contextualising ICT for Development in Zimbabwe Margaret Zunguze E-Knowledge for Women in Southern Africa (EKOWISA) July 2009 sa net linking civil society through ICTs Title: Contextualising ICT for Development in Zimbabwe © EKOWISA 2009 Country Research Partner: Margaret Zunguze E-Knowledge for Women in Southern Africa (EKOWISA) Tel: +263 4 49 2789 / E-mail: [email protected] Project Coordination: David Barnard Southern African NGO Network (SANGONeT) Tel: +27 11 403 4935 / E-mail: [email protected] Editing and Research Coordination: Tina James Icteum consulting Tel: +27 12 346 8264 / E-mail: [email protected] This report forms part of the Thetha - Regional ICT Discussion Forum Project. The information contained in this document may be reproduced, used and shared without prior permission but with acknowledgement of this publication as the source. The project is funded by the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA) and the Embassy of Finland (South Africa). www.thetha.org PREFACE To be requested from Minister i | P a g e ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank the EKOWISA Research Team of dedicated personnel who gave their enthusiasm, time and expertise to this research. The team comprised of Unganai Makombe, Tsitsi Mhlanga, Alison Mafemba, and Nellie Nyamai; this team not only carried out the research but also provided the necessary administrative and logistical support for both the research As the EKOWISA research team, we would like to appreciate the various ICT stakeholders that shared with us their information, knowledge and understanding of the ICT4D issues and helped in making the whole exercise a success. Gratitude is due also to the staff of the Ministry of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Special thanks are due to the Permanent Secretary of the ICT Ministry, Engineer Sam Kundishora and to the Minister, Honourable Nelson Chamisa. We are grateful to Tina James for editing the draft report and for the many valuable comments and inputs. This was efficiently done despite the many computer disk failures Tina encountered during the process! Thanks are due also to SANGONeT for initiating the innovative project that allowed Zimbabwean ICT4D experts to share and exchange ideas and strategise on priority areas for the next ten years. This intervention was critical as Zimbabwe is currently reviewing its policy, legislative and regulatory frameworks. We as EKOWISA are truly grateful for the opportunity to work with SANGONeT, the ICT giants of the region. Finally, we are grateful to the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA) and the Embassy of Finland (South Africa) who provided the funds to make the research and this publication possible. Margaret Zunguze Executive Director E-Knowledge for Women in Southern Africa (EKOWISA) July 2009 ii | P a g e TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... iv Acronyms................................................................................................................................................. v Executive summary ............................................................................................................................... vii 1. The ICT4D Agenda ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Determinants of the ICT4D Agenda ........................................................................................ 2 1.3 The ICT Environment - Mobile, Telephone and Internet Usage ............................................. 3 1.4 State of Infrastructure ............................................................................................................ 5 1.4.1 Energy and Supportive Infrastructure............................................................................. 6 1.4.2 Human Resources Skill Base............................................................................................ 7 2. Socio-Economic Development Context .......................................................................................... 8 2.1 Development Context ............................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Government of National Unity (GNU)................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 Short Term Emergency Recovery Programme (STERP) ................................................ 11 2.3 Priority Sectors for ICT4D ...................................................................................................... 11 2.3.1 Education and ICT Literacy ............................................................................................ 12 2.3.2 e-Government ............................................................................................................... 13 2.3.3 e-Health ......................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.4 Commerce and SME Development ............................................................................... 14 2.4 Selected Examples of Civil Society Work on ICT4D in Zimbabwe ......................................... 14 2.4.1 Radio Dialogue .............................................................................................................. 14 2.4.2 Kubatana Trust .............................................................................................................. 15 2.4.3 Development through Radio (DTR) ............................................................................... 15 2.4.4 EKOWISA Community ICT Project ................................................................................. 16 2.4.5 Tonga.Online project..................................................................................................... 16 2.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 17 3. ICT4D Enabling Policy, Legal, & Regulatory Framework................................................................ 18 3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 18 3.2 Broadcasting Services Act [Chapter 12:06], (Act No. 3 of 2001) .......................................... 19 3.3 Postal and Telecommunications Act [Chapter 12:05], (Act No. 4 of 2000) .......................... 19 3.3.1 Universal Service Fund .................................................................................................. 20 3.4 Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act [Chapter 10:27), (Act No. 5 of 2002) . 21 3.5 The Interception of Communications Act [Chapter 11:20] (Act No. 6 of 2007) ................... 21 3.6 Challenges and Gaps in the Current Legal and Regulatory Framework on ICT4D ................ 22 3.7 Institutional Mechanisms ...................................................................................................... 24 3.8 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 24 4. Research Methodology .................................................................................................................. 26 5. Research Findings, Analysis, Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................ 27 5.1 Analysis of Respondents ....................................................................................................... 27 5.2 Structure of the Survey Form ................................................................................................ 29 5.3 Findings and Analysis ............................................................................................................ 29 5.4 Recommendations ................................................................................................................. 40 Appendix I: Useful Resource Materials ................................................................................................ 41 Appendix II: About The Author ............................................................................................................ 43 iii | P a g e LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Internet users from 2000-2008 ........................................................................................... viii Table 2: Internet users from 2000-2008 .............................................................................................. 3 Table 3: Penetration Rate Of Mobile Subscribers in Selected African Countries ................................ 4 Table 4: ICT Diffusion in Zimbabwe ..................................................................................................... 5 Table 5: Rural and Urban Demographics ............................................................................................. 8 Table 6: Network Infrastructure at Four Zimbabwean Tertiary Institutions (2008)
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